The Plan of St. Gall a study of the architecture & economy of & life in a paradigmatic Carolingian monastery |
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| V. 1. |
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| VI. |
| VI. 1. |
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| VI. 2. |
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 | The Plan of St. Gall |  |
V.5.1
EARLY EXAMPLES
The earliest extant medieval timber halls with aisles are
the hall of the castle of Leicester (fig. 339)[191]
and the hall of
the bishop's palace at Hereford[192]
(fig. 340), both from
around 1150. They are of vital importance historically
because they demonstrate that even as late as the twelfth
century the aisled Germanic all-purpose house with its
open central hearth and two inner rows of freestanding
roof-supporting posts was still a favorite form for the
representative great halls of the feudal lords of England.
That they represented the norm rather than the exception
may be inferred from the remains of other halls of like
construction[193]
as well as from an important literary source,
Alexander Neckham's (1157-1217) Summa de nominibus
utensilium[194]
in which the medieval castle hall is categorically
described as follows:
And in the hall there should be posts, set up in suitable intervals.
And furthermore there should be a full supply of nails, of slats and
of various kinds of lath, of tie-beams and of rafters reaching up to
the summit of the building. And of shorter beams there should be
enough to brace the entire roof frame.[195]
For the hall of the Bishop's Palace at Hereford, see Horn, ibid.,
9-10; and Jones and Smith, 1960.
The remains of twelfth-century halls of identical floor plan have
been found in Farnham Castle, Hertford Castle, and at Clarendon
Palace. For Farnham, see Victoria History of the Counties of England,
Surrey, II, 1905, 599-605; and Rait, 1910, 125ff. For Hertford, see
Victoria History of the Counties of England, Hertfordshire III, 1912,
501-506; and Clapham and Godfrey, 1913, 141-50. For Clarendon
Palace, see Borenius and Charlton, 1936. The prototype for all these
halls was the Great Hall, which William Rufus built in his Palace of
Westminster between 1097 and 1099. For literature on the latter, see
Horn and Born, 1965, 68 note 2.
First published by Wright, I, 1857, 103-19, after a thirteenth-century
manuscript of the Bibliothèque Nationale and Bibliothèque
Sainte-Geneviève in Paris; cf. Mortet and Deschamps, II, 1929,
181-83, where extracts are reprinted.
As published by Wright, op. cit., 109-10: "In aula sint postes debitis
intersticiis distincti. Clavibus, asseribus, cidulis et latis opus est, et trabibus,
et tignis, usque ad doma edificii attingentibus. Tigillis etiam usque ad domus
commissuram porrectis." The meaning of these terms is clarified by
Norman and Latin interlineary glosses.
| The Plan of St. Gall | |