The Plan of St. Gall a study of the architecture & economy of & life in a paradigmatic Carolingian monastery |
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| VI. |
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 | The Plan of St. Gall |  |
VI.3.1
ENGLISH SOURCES
All of the monasteries discussed on the pages which
follow are English, because in England the archaeological
record is more reliable and richer than elsewhere in
Europe. The suppression of monastic life by Henry VIII
from 1538 onward halted rebuilding; and the existing or
excavated remains reflect the original dispositions more
closely than do the Continental monasteries, most of which
were extensively renovated from the fifteenth century onward
and remained in continuous use up to the French
Revolution. No claim for completeness is made. The observations
set forth are based on a survey of the remains of
not more than twenty-one Cluniac and autonomous
Benedictine monasteries of the eleventh and twelfth
centuries. The Clunaic abbeys are Lewes, Castle Acre,
Thetford, and Much Wenlock; the autonomous abbeys:
Battle, Bardney, Christchurch, Canterbury, Gloucester,
St. Albans, Ely, St. Augustine's Canterbury, Westminster,
Rochester, Durham, Bury St. Edmunds, Peterborough,
Norwich, Winchester, Reading, Worcester, and Finchale.[93]
This sampling, admittedly, is small when viewed against
the total of Benedictine monasteries flourishing at this time.
Yet their comparison conveys a surprisingly uniform picture.
They disclose that the layout adopted at Cluny was
transmitted to the English houses and became traditional.
516. LINCOLNSHIRE, ENGLAND. BARDNEY ABBEY.
GROUND-LEVEL PLAN
Founded towards the close of the 7th century, wrecked by the Danes in the 9th, re-established in
1087 after the Conquest, Bardney Abbey from 1115 onward and with aid of royal grants, was
completely rebuilt as an independent house under the immediate protection of the Crown, by
Walter of Ghent, son of the Conqueror's friend and nephew, Gilbert of Ghent.
Following a standard pattern, building began with construction of the choir and the southern
flank of the church, to allow the cloister to be set against it. The cloister was enclosed in the
course of the 12th century in this sequence: chapterhouse, refectory, dorter and privy—the two
latter structures over undercrofts which, together with their superstructure, projected far beyond
the cloister square—a feature parallel with developmental changes that occurred at about the
same time in the layout of Cistercian monasteries (see pp. 349ff). Refectory and cellar (like their
counterparts on the Plan of St. Gall) took up the entire length of the south and west ranges; but
the cellar (in contrast to the Plan of St. Gall) accommodated on its second storey the abbot's
lodging. An aisled guest house and an aisled infirmary were added in the 13th century, the
former to the south and the latter to the east of the cloister square.
[redrawn from Harold Brakspear, 1922, frontispiece]
On Lewes see Hope, 1886; on Castle Acre, Hope, 1895, and Raby
and Reynolds, 1936, reprinted 1952; on Thetford, Raby and Reynolds,
1946, reprinted 1964; on Much Wenlock, Granage, 1922, and Graham,
1939, reprinted 1965; on Battle, Brakspear, 1937; on Bardney, Brakspear,
1922; on Christchurch, Canterbury, Willis, 1868; on Gloucester, Hope,
1897; on St. Albans, Peers and Page, 1908; on Ely, St. Augustine's
Canterbury, Westminster, Rochester, Durham, Bury St. Edmunds,
Peterborough, Norwich, Winchester, Reading, Worcester and Finchale,
Atkinson, 1933.
| The Plan of St. Gall | |