The Plan of St. Gall a study of the architecture & economy of & life in a paradigmatic Carolingian monastery |
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STUDY & TRANSMISSION OF CLASSICAL MEDICINE |
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 | The Plan of St. Gall |  |
STUDY & TRANSMISSION OF CLASSICAL MEDICINE
The Cassiodorian attitude had a profound effect on later
medieval thinking. It was responsible not only for the fact
that the science of medicine, despite its spiritual limitations
remained a highly respected avocation, but also for the
establishment of its study and transmission as a subject
worthy of being practiced in monastic schools of learning.
411. BARTHOLOMAEUS DE MONTAGNARO. CONSILIA MEDICA. 1434
A PHYSICIAN IN HIS CHAMBERS
MUNICH, BAYERISCHE STAATSBIBLIOTHEK, MS 25, FOL. lv
Montagnaro, a prominent Paduan physician, is portrayed as he inspects a flask of urine. The open books before him may be Theophilos
Unarines or the portions of Judaeus or Avicenna dealing with urine (McKinley, 1965, 13).
412. KIRKSTALL ABBEY, WEST RIDING, YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND. INFIRMARY PLAN
[redrawn after Hope and Bilson, 1907]
In its original form the infirmary hall of Kirkstall may have been very like the castle hall of Leicester, a reconstruction of which is shown in
figure 339. Pre-Norman monastic infirmaries of England were probably built entirely in timber. Under the influence of Norman church
construction, not only were the walls built in stone, but even the free-standing inner posts came to be replaced by masonry arcades. At Kirkstall
this change was made in the 14th century, in adjustment to a trend that in other places such as Canterbury (I, 70, fig. 52.A) had begun as early
as mid-11th century.
of these skills was held in high esteem. The oldest
catalogue of the library of the Abbey of St. Gall lists no
fewer than six medical treatises.[374] The Abbots Grimoald
(841-872) and Hartmut (872-883) increased these holdings
by each bequeathing to the monastic library one medical
book.[375] Among the actually surviving medical treatises of
St. Gall, written in the ninth century, there are extracts
from the works of Hippocrates and Galen (Cod. 44), a book
on cures through herbs and animal extracts (Cod. 217), a
large collection of medical prescriptions (Cod. 751), a
heavily used list of pharmaceutical prescriptions (Cod. 759),
as well as a collection of smaller medical treatises written
by the hand of an Irish monk.[376] Abbot Grimoald (841-872)
can be singled out as one who apparently took a special
interest in the art of healing, since it is to him that Walahfrid
Strabo dedicated his famous poem, Hortulus, in which the
virtues of medicinal herbs are extolled.[377] Other monks of
St. Gall reputed to have been physicians of great distinction
were Iso and Notker II, surnamed Medicus. Iso is
praised by Ekkehart IV for his skill at making salves and is
reported to have healed blind men, lepers and paralytics
with his ointments.[378] The same author proclaims Notker II
the most famous of all.[379] Frequently performing unbelievable
wonders of healing, he was known far and wide in the
country as one of the greatest monastic urologists.[380] The
names of other monks skilled in this science are listed in the
Necrologium of St. Gall.[381]
See Meyer von Knonau's remarks to chap. 31 in Ekkeharti (IV.)
Casus sancti Galli, ed. Meyer von Knonau, 1877, 124 note 422 and the
sources there cited; as well as Meier, 1885, 116-17 and Clark, 1920, 126.
Ekkeharti (IV.) Casus sancti Galli, chap. 31. ed. Meyer von Knonau.
1877, 124; ed. Helbling, 1958, 71-73.
Ibid., chap. 123, ed. Meyer von Knonau, 1877, 398-401; ed.
Helbling, 1958, 205-6. For further information about this outstanding
monk, who distinguished himself as poet, painter and musician as well,
see Helbling's index sub verbo Notker.
Ibid., chap. 123. It is of this Notker that Ekkehart tells the amusing
story (widely quoted in histories of medieval medicine) how the Duke of
Bavaria tried to test his medical perspicacity by sending him, instead of
a sample of his own urine, that of a pregnant woman. Notker, after
examining the sample, without any apparent sign of suspicion made the
solemn announcement: "God is about to bring to pass an unheard of
event; within thirty days the Duke will give birth to a child." On early
medieval medicine in general, see MacKinney, 1937 and 1965. On
Notker specifically, idem, 1937, 45-46; and 1965, 13-14.
| The Plan of St. Gall | |