The Plan of St. Gall a study of the architecture & economy of & life in a paradigmatic Carolingian monastery |
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In modern building codes |
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 | The Plan of St. Gall |  |
In modern building codes
To place these figures into proper perspective from the
point of view of environmental sanitation, it may be pointed
out that the latest U.S. Army Field Manual 21-10 on
Military Sanitation prescribes eight toilet seats for every
100 men.[665]
In World War II, it was ten seats for every
200 men.[666]
The Uniform Housing Code of 1961 in section
H 505 recommends for hotels one toilet seat per ten
guests;[667]
and the California Administrative Code, Title 17,
as of 1966 stipulates that in camps, toilets should be provided
at the ratio of one toilet seat per fifteen occupants of
the camp.[668]
The luxury of modern hotels, where each
498. OSTIA. ROMAN PUBLIC LATRINE (4TH CENT. A.D.)
This latrine, part of a larger campaign, was built when the forum baths of Ostia were restored in the 4th century. It is among the best preserved
Roman latrines. Facilities of this type, preceded by a vestibule and entered, as here, by a revolving door were by preference built near the forum
or near baths. This latrine had seats of marble over a water-flushed channel.
In private Roman homes the privy was always next to or in the kitchen, making it possible for one drainage ditch to service both, and the bath
as well. Movable receptacles were often installed beneath chairs and placed in the street at night, the waste to be collected by the CONDUCTOR
FORICORUM. Amphoras serving as public urinals were posted by the fullers throughout the streets; their content was used in the process of
cleaning cloth.
toilet, is of relatively recent date. Even today in the majority
of smaller European hotels an entire floor is served by a
single privy at the end of the corridor. The ratio between
available seats and their potential occupants varies anywhere
between 1:10 to 1:30. In the light of these statistics,
the hygiene of the monastery shown on the Plan of St. Gall
must be proclaimed to be superior to that prevailing under
average conditions in most Western countries today. They
fall short only if measured against conditions prevalent in
the most elegant, modern hotels.
The most conservative arrangement on the Plan of St.
Gall is the privy of the regular monks, which is furnished
with nine toilets serving a total of seventy-seven monks,
thus yielding a ratio of 1:8.5. Yet even this is still considerably
more generous than the ratio of 1:12 stipulated today
in the sanitary code of the U.S. Army.
MILETOS, ASIA MINOR, WEST COAST NEAR SAMOS
499.B PERSPECTIVE, CUTAWAY
499.C TRANSVERSE SECTION
499.A PLAN
NORTH MARKET HALL. PUBLIC LATRINE (3rd-4th cent.)
The latrine seats were cut into marble slabs and were placed over a water channel. The
44 keyhole-shaped seats aligned with a slot in the vertical face of the bank of seats to
allow the user access for cleansing. An open channel cut into the slightly slanting marble
floor in front of and parallel to the seats carried water for cleansing the hands (after
von Gerkan, 1922, 18, figs., 20-21).
United States Army, Medical Department, Preventive Medicine
in World War II, II: Environmental Hygiene, Office of the Surgeon
General (Washington, D.C., 1955), 149.
| The Plan of St. Gall | |