The Plan of St. Gall a study of the architecture & economy of & life in a paradigmatic Carolingian monastery |
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WIJCHEN, MAAS ESTUARY, THE NETHERLANDS |
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 | The Plan of St. Gall |  |
WIJCHEN, MAAS ESTUARY, THE NETHERLANDS
When the Ezinge houses were discovered in 1930-34 they
were a new and entirely isolated phenomenon on the
Continent. But in the five years that followed, before the
outbreak of World War II, every subsequent summer
brought new results. While van Giffen was still at work at
Ezinge, F. Bloemen unearthed under less favorable soil
conditions another group of aisled houses of the first
century B.C. on a mountain range near the estuary of the
river Maas, near Wijchen.[121]
The ground plans showed the
transverse alignment of inner and outer posts, which was
typical of the houses of layer V and IV of the Ezinge Warf.
The outer walls consisted of an alternating sequence of one
heavy and two lighter posts; the heavy posts stood in line
with the principal posts (figs. 301, 302). In other aspects,
however, the construction differed. The houses had posts
along their central axes, an arrangement that is in general
interpreted as an indication of the presence of a ridge pole.
The excavation showed that ridge-pole construction, although
unusual, was nevertheless not absent in this territory,
an observation that was confirmed by later finds in
other places.[122]
310.X ISOMETRIC VIEW
310. CROSS SECTION
The house was 102 feet long, 29 feet wide. The nave and one aisle were 10½ feet
wide, the narrow aisle 8 feet wide. The distribution of stones—some for pavement
some for lining or packing of wall-post sockets, others for footing of principal
roof supports—reveals that the house was divided lengthwise into a nave and two
aisles, and crosswise into fourteen bays. In the first ten, only the center floor was
paved, and the aisles were strewn with sand. In the last four bays the pavement
ran across the width of the dwelling. This is the well-known T-shaped floor plan
of the Lower Saxon Wohnstallhaus.
In the house above, bay depth in the stable was 6½ to 8¼ feet. In the living area
the distance between trusses increased, and in the terminal bay containing the
hearth is almost twice as deep as the others. Since the principal inner posts of
the house were footed on stone blocks rather than in post holes, they must have
been framed at their heads by long beams and cross beams somewhat in the
manner shown above. The ANKERBALKEN (cross beams terminating in long
tenons morticed into the main posts a few feet below the tie beams) shown in
Rieck's reconstruction (Reick, 1942, fig. 2) appeared to us to be an anachronistic
feature for so early a structure and for that reason has been omitted in our cross
section.
AALBURG, near BEFORT, LUXEMBOURG
AISLED HOUSE, 5TH CENTURY B.C.
311. PLAN [after G. Rieck, 1942, 27, fig. 1] 1:125
| The Plan of St. Gall | |