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Han shih wai chuan

Han Ying's Illustrations of the didactic application of the Classic of songs
Han, Ying
  
[title page]
  
PREFACE
  
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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INTRODUCTION
  
Technical Terms
  
History of the Text and Editions

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APPENDIX
  
BIBLIOGRAPHY
  
TABLE OF UNUSUAL ORTHOGRAPHIES
  
FINDING LIST
  
INDEX OF PROPER NAMES
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previous sectionCHAPTER III Han shih wai chuan
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9

There are twelve symptoms of disease in rulers that, without
a sage-physician, cannot be cured. What are the twelve symptoms?[1]

85

Paralysis,[2] vertigo,[3] persistent cough,[4] dropsy,[5] surfeit,[6]
lameness,[7] obstruction,[8]
blindness, fever,[9] shortness of breath,[10]
numbness,[11] and fêng:[12] these are the twelve symptoms.

86

How is it that a sage-physician cures them? He economizes in
affairs and lightens punishments, and as a result paralysis does not
attack.[13] He does not cause the common people to suffer from
hunger or cold, and as a result vertigo does not appear.[14] He does
not order property transferred to himself, and as a result a persistent
cough[15] does not appear. He does not let [grain] collected
in the public granaries spoil, and as a result dropsy does not
appear.[14] He does not have the treasury too full, and as a result
surfeit does not appear.[14] He does not let the ministers have free
license, and as a result lameness does not occur.[16] He does not
prevent the lower classes from expressing their feelings to their
superiors, and as a result obstruction does not occur.[14] He gives
talent precedence over his sympathies,[17] and as a result blindness
does not occur.[14] Laws and commands he puts into practice, and
as a result fever[18] does not occur. He gives his inferiors no cause
for resentment, and as a result shortness of breath does not occur.[19]
He does not cause the sages to go into hiding, and as a result
numbness does not occur.[20] He does not give the people an excuse
to sing abusive songs, and as a result fêng does not occur.[21]

Now the chief ministers and the various lesser officers are the
heart and bowels, the limbs and the body of a ruler. If the heart
and bowels, the limbs and body are without disease, then the
ruler is without disease. Truly, [if they are diseased], unless he
have a sage-physician, he cannot be cured. Whatever [ruler][22]
has [one of] these twelve ailments without making use of a sage-physician,
that ruler's state is not a real state. The Ode says,[23]

87

But the troubles will multiply like flames,
Till they are beyond help or remedy.[24]
In the end failure is simply inevitable. Truly, if use is made of a
sage-physician, the masses will be without ailment—how much
the more does this apply to their ruler!

 
[1]

After [OMITTED] Chih-yao 8.28b, TPYL 738.8a have [OMITTED], which Chao (78) would add here.

[2]

[OMITTED]: cf. HTNCSW 12.8b-10b, sec. [OMITTED], where Wang Ping's com. says it means
"weak and without the power of movement" [OMITTED].

[3]

[OMITTED]: Chou identifies it with [OMITTED], for which cf. ibid. 11a-14b, sec. [OMITTED].

[4]

[OMITTED]: Chou says it is [OMITTED] "to cough"; cf. ibid. 21.8b, and passim.

[5]

[OMITTED]: Chou says, "A swelling due to poison. When the belly and limbs both swell
up it is shui. If only the belly is swollen, and the limbs not much so, it is chang"
[OMITTED] ○ [OMITTED] ○ [OMITTED]

[6]

[OMITTED]: Chou says, "The inside is filled up. It is a disease of fullness produced by
stored-up cold" [OMITTED] ○ [OMITTED]. Shih chi 105.14b: Pien-ch`iao has diagnosed
an illness as [OMITTED]. His explanation: ". . . the yang ch`i is exhausted
and the yin ch`i enters. When the yin ch`i enters the belly, the cold ch`i rises and the
hot ch`i descends; that is why his chest filled up" [OMITTED]
[OMITTED].

[7]

[OMITTED]: Chou says it means "the four limbs cramped and not capable of being bent
or straightened" [OMITTED].

[8]

[OMITTED]: CHy follows TPYL, loc. cit., and writes [OMITTED]. Chou says it is the same as [OMITTED],
which he defines as "vomit and nausea, so that both upper and lower parts become
diseased." [OMITTED]. As the basic meaning is "diaphragm" or "partition"
and the text below puns on it ([OMITTED]), I translate "obstruction."

[9]

[OMITTED]: Wang Ping's com. on HTNCSW 1.16a defines it as "fever" [OMITTED]. Chou
specifies that internal heat is [OMITTED] and external is [OMITTED].

[10]

[OMITTED]: Yü Shu's com. on Nan ching 5.12b says, "Now when a disorder has its
seat in the blood vessels, the lungs will be diseased. A chill will result in a cough,
while heat (fever?) will give rise to ch`uan" [OMITTED]
[OMITTED].

[11]

[OMITTED]: cf. HTNCSW 12.4b-8a, sec. [OMITTED]. "Pi is produced from the haphazard
combination of the three ch`i, [namely] fêng, han, and shih. If the fêng ch`i is in
ascendancy, it produces a pi affecting the gait. If the han ch`i is in ascendancy, it
produces a painful pi. If the shih ch`i is in ascendancy, the pi produced is apparent
to the sight" [OMITTED] ○ [OMITTED]
[OMITTED].

[12]

[OMITTED]: cf. ibid. 12. 1a-4a, sec. [OMITTED]. There are several varieties, and Chou says
this is li fêng [OMITTED]: "When the cold [principle] of fêng takes up its residence in the
blood vessels and does not depart, it is termed li fêng, or `chills and fever.' " [OMITTED]
[OMITTED] (ibid. 12.2a). Wang Ping says, "First
there are chills and fever. When the fever reaches its height it is called li fêng"
[OMITTED] ○ [OMITTED]. Further on the text says, "Hence fêng is the most
lasting of all diseases. When it comes to the point of changing, it turns into another
disease" [OMITTED] ○ [OMITTED] (2b). The term occurs
in Tso chuan 581 (Chao 1): [OMITTED] "An excess of fêng [produces] diseases of
the extremities."

[13]

Preventing an excess of activity in governing.

[14]

The ruler suffers from the symptoms he is responsible for inducing.

[15]

[OMITTED] also means "to receive."

[14]

The ruler suffers from the symptoms he is responsible for inducing.

[14]

The ruler suffers from the symptoms he is responsible for inducing.

[16]

To exercise a restraining effect; see note 13.

[14]

The ruler suffers from the symptoms he is responsible for inducing.

[17]

[OMITTED]: Chao thinks it is better to read [OMITTED] for [OMITTED] with Chih-yao, loc. cit.:
"superiors aid and commiserate inferiors."

[14]

The ruler suffers from the symptoms he is responsible for inducing.

[18]

[OMITTED] also means "trouble, annoyance."

[19]

Anger produces analagous symptoms.

[20]

The connection is not immediately apparent.

[21]

A pun on [OMITTED] "satire."

[22]

Chih-yao, loc. cit., has [OMITTED] after [OMITTED]. (Chao.)

[23]

Shih 501 No. 254/4.

[24]

[OMITTED] "medicine," perhaps the associated word responsible for making this the line quoted.

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