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Han shih wai chuan

Han Ying's Illustrations of the didactic application of the Classic of songs
Han, Ying
  
[title page]
  
PREFACE
  
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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INTRODUCTION
  
Technical Terms
  
History of the Text and Editions

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APPENDIX
  
BIBLIOGRAPHY
  
TABLE OF UNUSUAL ORTHOGRAPHIES
  
FINDING LIST
  
INDEX OF PROPER NAMES
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208

18[1]

King Chuang of Ch`u attacked [and defeated][2] Chêng. The
Earl of Chêng advanced with bared body, holding in his left hand
an ox-tail tufted banner[3] and in his right grasping a sacrificial
knife with bells,[4] and said to King Chuang, "I am devoid of goodness.
Because of [my behavior toward your] subjects on the
frontier, I have met with a Heaven[5] -sent disaster and have caused
you, Prince of a great state, to have the overwhelming disgrace
of coming from afar to this place."

King Chuang said, "It was the words of Your Highness' bad
subjects in their intercourse with us[6] that gave me the opportunity
of viewing Your Highness' jade countenance, and this is the insignificant
[reason] which has brought us to this pass."[7] Taking his
signal staff[8] King Chuang signaled to his attendants to remove the
camp of Ch`u's army seven li.

The general Tzŭ-chung proffered an objection, "Nan-ying is
several thousand li distant from Chêng. Among the Great Officers

209

there have been several casualties, and among the camp laborers[9]
several hundreds have been killed. Now to win a victory and not
to have it—is this wasting the strength of the people and of your
servants or not?"[10]

King Chuang said, "I have heard that of old, if the cups did
not leak and the leather [garments] were not worn out, it was
because one had not gone outside his own borders.[11] Through
this the superior man [shows that he][12] holds li to be important
but despises property;[13] that he wants the men but not their
territory.[14] When a man offers submission, it is inauspicious not
to desist. Should I [try to] establish myself in the empire by
inauspicious means, disaster would overwhelm me. How can I take
[their territory]?"

Meanwhile those Chin [had sent] to help Chêng arrived and
requested [that Ch`u give] battle. King Chuang assented. The
general Tzŭ-chung proffered an objection, "Chin is a powerful
state. They have had [only] a short way [to come], and their
troops are fresh, while Ch`u's army is long since worn out.[15] May
Your Highness not consent [to fight]."

210

King Chuang said, "It is not possible. If I should flee before
the strong but [attempt to] overawe the weak, I would have no
way to establish myself in the empire." In the end he turned
his troops back to meet the intruders from Chin. King Chuang
took a drumstick and beat with it.[16] The army of Chin was
severely defeated, so that of the officers and men who fled and
struggled for boats, the fingers [cut off by those who already had
taken possession of the boats] could be gathered by the double-handfuls.[17]

King [Chuang] said, "Alas, we two rulers are not on good terms,
but of what crime are the people guilty?" Whereupon he withdrew
Chu's army to let the invaders from Chin escape.

The Ode says,[18]

He does not devour the soft,
Or eject the powerful.
 
[1]

Kung-yang chuan 16.6a-9a varies slightly in wording. Hsin hsü 4.4b-5b follows
Kung-yang chuan, but may also have used HSWC, as it quotes from the same Ode at
the end. CKCS 1.6a-b is abridged from Kung-yang chuan. Tso chuan 316-21 (Hsüan
12) gives an elaborate account of the events leading up to and following the engagements
with Chêng and Chin, but shows little verbal identity with the other versions.
Shih chi 40.9a-b (Mém. hist. 4.355-6) abridges the Tso chuan account.

[2]

Hsin hsü adds [OMITTED].

[3]

[OMITTED]. Wang Yin-chin (Ching-i shu-wên [OMITTED] 17b-18a) shows that [OMITTED] is a
phonetic borrowing for [OMITTED] "a standard with an ox-tail ornament," as in Hsin hsü.
(Chao 156-7.)

[4]

For [OMITTED] cf. Shih 376 No. 210/5.

[5]

Other texts have [OMITTED] for [OMITTED]. Chou and CHy have emended from Kung-yang
chuan. Hsin hsü also has [OMITTED]. (Chao.)

[6]

[OMITTED]. This is not clear. I have translated in accordance with
Ho Hsiu's com. on Kung-yang chuan.

[7]

[OMITTED]. Again I follow Ho Hsiu: "It was the accumulation of petty words
that brought us to this." [OMITTED].

[8]

[OMITTED]; cf. Li Hsien's com. on Hou-Han shu 1.10a: "[OMITTED] is used as a sign of trust.
It has a handle made of bamboo eight ch`ih long and for its tuft (?) an ox-tail thrice
folded (?)." [OMITTED] ○ [OMITTED] ○ [OMITTED] ○ [OMITTED]
[OMITTED].

[9]

[OMITTED]. Ho Hsiu says, "Those who cut bushes for a barricade are called [OMITTED];
those who draw water are called [OMITTED]." [OMITTED] ○ [OMITTED].

[10]

Ho Hsiu says [OMITTED].

[11]

Ho Hsiu explains, "It says that if drinking cups are leaky and furs worm-eaten,
it is from having gone outside the borders. Of old on going outside the borders on a
court visit or to undertake a punitive expedition, one always first counted on losses
proportional to the scale [of the undertaking] before doing it. It speaks figuratively,
meaning that having already gone out on the expedition, it is inevitable that there
should have been losses among his troops, but that they should not for that reason
destroy Chêng." [OMITTED] ○ [OMITTED]
[OMITTED] ○ [OMITTED] ○ [OMITTED]
[OMITTED]. Takei Ki (Hsin hsü tsuan chu 4.10a) quotes Okai Hyo [OMITTED]:
"The phrases are inverted. If one does not go ouside one's borders, there will be no
leaky cups or worm-eaten garments." [OMITTED] ○ [OMITTED]
[OMITTED].

[12]

Add [OMITTED] after [OMITTED] from Hsin hsü. (CHy.)

[13]

Ho Hsiu says, "He does not grudge the loss of cups and garments, but respects
the court's request to undertake a punitive expedition." [OMITTED]
[OMITTED].

[14]

Ibid: "The real reason for attacking Chêng was only the desire [to secure] the
submission of the people for their faults; he did not want to take their territory."
[OMITTED] ○ [OMITTED].

[15]

[OMITTED] as in Kung-yang, where Ho Hsiu glosses it as [OMITTED]. (Chou.)

[16]

I. e., personally took part in the battle.

[17]

[OMITTED]. This is elliptical. Kung-yang has [OMITTED]
[OMITTED]; Tso chuan: [OMITTED]. Most
explicit is Hsin hsü: [OMITTED] ○ [OMITTED] ○ [OMITTED] ○ [OMITTED]
[OMITTED] ○ [OMITTED] "When the people of Chin had come [to attack],
they crossed the river and went south. Now that they fled in defeat, they wished to
cross to the north. The soldiers struggled for boats, striking with knives at those who
pulled [from the outside] until the fingers [cut off] within the boat could be gathered
by the double-hundfuls."

[18]

Shih 544 No. 260/5.

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