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1. shádáͅnlá 'make food for me' . shá- 'for me' ; dáͅ-, incorporated form of dáń 'food' [?]; nlá, 2nd person imp. of -lá 'to do, make' [act. tr.]. See also dáͅńlaago 'when you have made food', the 2nd person perf. of the same verb followed by go- subord. [in this passage], and bádáͅíͅlaaná'a 'she had prepared food for him' [line 2 of passage 2].

2. Ts'isteeł 'Turtle'. No analysis.

báyaanaagháná'a 'she went about preparing it for him'. bá- 'for him'; yaa- 'to it'; naaghá, 3rd person imp. of naa-|...[si- perf.]-yá 'one person goes about' [act. intr.]. See note 3:53, §2.

1. 'inaadáͅáͅ' or naadáͅáͅ' 'corn'. For the etymology of this word, see Edward Sapir, "Internal Linguistic Evidence Suggestive of the Northern Origin of the Navaho" [American Anthropologist, Vol. 38, No. 2, April-June 1936], pp. 228-231.

2. 'ilóodi 'roasted corn, kernels of corn' the hispanicized Nahua word helote 'green corn'.

3. ńnáhádoobiłhaͅhdaná'a 'it was not fast enough for him'. ńnáhá- 'very' [procl.]; 'doo-...-da negative; bił- 'with him'; haͅh 'quickly, rapidly, fast'.

4. dábizéé'sijaago 'it being still in his mouth'. dá- 'just, only'; bizéé' 'his mouth'; sijaa- 'a mass lies' [si- perf. neut. intr.]; -go subord. encl.

5. yiłdeeskosná'a 'he coughed with it'. yił- 'with it' plus the 3rd person perf. of di...[si- perf.]-ł-kos 'to cough' [act. intr.]. di- ?.

6. bidághe'yá 'down his throat'. -dághe' 'throat' is 'a compound of -dá 'lip, chin' [used only in compounds] and -ghe' 'in, inside'.

7. daadiyeestaná'a 'it flew'. 3rd person distrib. perf. of di-|...[si- perf.]-d-tá 'to move suddenly, to start, to jerk' [act. intr.]. di-| ?.

8. dágé bizéé'ee 'iłch'áͅ'ágoot'éná'a 'his mouth just hung open'. dágé 'just, only' [part.] bizéé' 'his mouth'; -ee ?. 'iłch'áͅ 'from one another'; 'ágoot'é 'it was so' [?]. I cannot analyze 'ágoot'é.

9. nankaaná'a 'he swayed'. 3rd person imp of naa-ni-...[hi- perf.]-kaa 'to fall' [act. intr.]. -kaa 'a long, flat object falls'; naa- 'off, down'; ni- terminative.

10. bich'iͅiͅyaanách'iͅiͅt'iná'a 'she rushed to him'; literally, 'she jumped toward him'.

11. dahbiłt'eená'a 'she shook him'. 3rd person. imp. with 3rd person obj. of dah-|...[si- perf.]-ł-t'e 'to shake' [act. tr.]. dah-| 'up' [?]; the theme appears with no other prefixes.

12. bíńghahyá yiistłoná'a, 'she slapped him on the back'. -ńghah 'back'. yiistło, 3rd person perf. with 3rd person obj. of hi-|...[si- perf.]-ł-tło 'to strike with the hand' [act. tr.].

13. hadaaheestaná'a 'it flew out'. 3rd person distrib. perf. of ha-hi-...[si- perf.]-d-tá 'to move out suddenly' [act. intr.]. Cf. §7 above.

[Belching appears in the Apache sentence as the quoted utterance of Coyote. See editor's note to passage 3.48--MEC]

14. hanóͅóͅyolná'a 'he breathed again'. 3rd person perf. of ha-ná-...[hi- perf.]- yoł 'to breathe' [act. intr.]. ha-ná- ?. Cf. note 3.49, §3.

1. biłgóͅtoͅgo 'angrily'. -bił- 'with him'; góͅ- > go- place subject plus ni- adj.; -toͅ 'to be bad, evil' [imp. neut. intr.]; -go subord. See ńtoͅ'é 'you who are no good', a relative in -é of the 2nd person of this verb [line 2 of this passage].

2. dáné 'food'. This is an older form of this word than dáń 'food' which is also used. See Sapir's article referred to in note 4.3, §1.

3. nee'indáhásht'íͅn 'I wanted sustenance from you'. nee- 'by means of you'; 'indá 'life, there is life'; hásht'íͅ, 1st person of há-...-t'íͅ 'to want, desire' [imp. neut. intr.]; -n past tense encl.

4. doo'íłtséshíͅłhédaí bíká nee'nyáͅda 'when one has started to eat you, you are not to kill him first'. doo-...-da negative; 'íłtsé 'first'; shíͅłhé, 2nd person imp. of si-...[si- perf.]-ł-ghé 'to kill' [act. tr.]; -í relative. bíká 'because of it'. nee'nyáͅ, 3rd person perf. of 0ee-'i-ni- |...[ni- perf.]-yáͅ 'to begin to eat'; -da 'even, just'.

yeetaach'oondiłná'a 'he was throwing it about'. yee- 'with it' plus 3a person imp. of taa-hoo- ...[hi- perf.]- ndił 'to throw several objects about' [act. tr.]. taa-hoo- ?; - ndił , rep. of - ndííł 'to handle several, objects'.

The second line of this passage is 1iterally as follows: "There / to after him / they looked, it is said:"

Gólijenłchiné 'beetle'. See Linguistic Note to Chiricahua text 15.1, §1.

dooshaa'isdánádáda 'you will not get away from me again'. The negative of the 2nd person imp. of 0aa-'isdá-ná-...[hi- perf.]-dá 'one person gets away from, escapes from' [act. intr.]. See Linguistic Note to Chiricahua text 15.8, §2.

[A literal translation of the Apache construction would read: "'Wait!' he [Beetle] said to him. Also [Coyote]: 'Wait!' he had said, 'You will not get away from me again!'--MEC]

goch'iͅiͅdahdiiłghoná'a 'he pounced on him'. goch'iͅiͅ 'toward him' plus the 3rd person perf. of dah-di-|...[ni- perf.]-l-ghee 'one person jumps, one person moves upward' [act. intr.]. dah-di-| 'upward'; - l-ghee 'one person moves'.

1. tółáníńlíͅná'a 'a big river'. tó 'water'; łání, relative in -í of łáͅ 'much'; ńlíͅ 'it flows' [ni- perf. neut. intr.].

2. tábaͅaͅyá 'on the bank'. tá-, combining form of tó 'water'; -baͅaͅ 'edge'.

[a literal translation of the first few lines of this passage would read: "Then he started off again. / Four days having passed, a big river running through the mountains, he was walking along its bank. / Further on, he came out to a big lake. / ..."--MEC]

3. tósikáͅná 'a big lake'. tó 'water'; sikáͅ 'something in a container lies' [si- perf. neut. intr.]; -ná emphatic encl.

4. bich'iͅiͅneeł'áͅshíͅ 'facing him'. bich'iͅiͅ 'toward him' plus the 3rd person of ni-...-l-'áͅ 'to have one's head in position' [si- perf. ? neut.].

dáho'ołí 'that which is floating'. dá- 'just' plus the relative in -í of the 3rd person prog. of -eeł 'to float' [act. intr.].

haná'ítin 'there is a road across'. Cf. bich'iͅiͅ'i'ítin 'there is a road to it' [passage 18]; 'íńtinyá 'on the road' [passage 9]; da'tinyá '[out of] the door, entrance way' [passage 6]. All of these seem to be composed of the theme -'ítin or 'íńtin plus prefixes which vary the basic meaning 'road, passage'. Thus: haná- 'across'; bich'iͅiͅ 'toward it'; 'i- 'away'; dá- ? [in da'tin 'doorway'].

1. yaanáhiitłeená'a 'he jumped'. 3rd person imp. of yaa-ná-hi-|...[ni- perf.]-tłee 'to jump [as a frog]' [act. intr.]. -tłee 'to flop; to fall heavily, of one's own weight'. yaa-ná-hi-|; cf. yaa-ná-ch'i-| with the theme -t'é which means 'to jump' [see note 1.1, §4].

2. I do not understand the meaning or function of the form hííyéhéná'a in line 5 of this passage. The literal meaning of the rest of the line is as follows: "Then / to in the water / a little / he being seen / he was swimming:"

Note that the four verbs in this passage referring to the actions of Frog and Turtle--viz., ná'gałkóͅóͅłná'a 'they were swimming back'; goch'iini'góńłkóͅná'a [ch'ii- here is probably a misprint. In the Apache text this word appears as goch'iͅiͅni'góńłkóͅná'a--MEC] 'they swam toward him'; hagóͅóͅ'áájná'a 'they came out'; and goch'iͅiͅngóń'áájná'a 'they stood before him'--all employ the deictic prefix go- as a 3rd person dual subject pronoun. This usage is very frequent in the Mesc. texts whereas it occurs but seldom in the Chir. texts.

The informant translated dah'ádzaaná'a 'he sat up'. It seems, however, to be a combination of the prefix dah- 'up' and the 3rd person perf. of 'á-...[? perf.]- ndá [perf. stem -dzaa] 'to do so' [act. intr.].

shiłnóot'as [This is most likely a misprint in the original, and should appear as shiłnóot'ash--MEC] 'he brought me back'. shił- 'with me' plus the 3rd person prog. of the theme -'aash 'two persons move' [act. intr.] with the prefix ná- 'back' [requires the -d- class].

hándí is apparently a combination of the interrog. pronoun há- and ndí, the 2nd person independent pronoun.

náshdiigijná'a 'he arose'. 3a person perf.of ná-di-|...[ni- perf.]-d-géésh 'to arise, to jump up' [act. intr.]. ná-di-| 'upward'; -d-géésh 'to move'.

yááłndíhí 'that you want'. I cannot analyze this form.

Literally, the second line of this passage is as follows: "The Turtle people / those of all kinds / at no time / anything / they have done so to it in vain."

'igáał'áshéne is composed of 'igáał'á 'kinds, varieties, species' [no analysis]; -shé 'side, party'; -ne 'people of such and such a group'.

1. tó'iłch'áͅ'ádzaayá 'édaach'iisdiͅiͅ 'he disappeared in a splash of water'. tó 'water'; 'iłch'áͅ 'from one another'; 'ádzaa 'they have been made so'; -yá postposition [cf. note 3.48, §1]. édaach'iisdiͅiͅ is either the 3a distrib. perf. of é-...[si- perf.]-diͅiͅ 'to disappear' [act. intr.]; or the 3a person perf. with 3rd person distrib. obj. of 'é-...[si- perf.]-ł-diͅiͅ 'to cause to disappear' [act. tr.]. If the first of these alternatives is correct, why should the distrib. 3a person be employed to designate Turtle; if the second, why should the subject [i. e., tó'iłch'áͅ'ádzaayá have the postposition -yá?

2. biłha'nách'inóͅóͅzi 'he came up again with it'. bił- 'with it' plus the 3a person perf. of ha-'i-ná-ni-...[hi- perf.]-zí 'to come out of the water again' [act. intr.]. ha- 'out'; ná- 'again' [why does this prefix not require a -d- class theme?]; 'i-ni- ? [cf. note 3.48, §2].

The third line of this passage is literally as follows: "And / deer / its ribs / having been roasted / prairie dogs also / four / they lying on them / all / having been roasted / he brought them back out [of the water] to him."

bilahde 'its remains, remnants; what is left over'.

yáhánaaheestáͅná'a 'they were sitting about inside'. yáhá 'inside' plus the 3rd person of naa-hi-...-táͅ 'several sit about' [si- perf. neut. intr.]. Is yáhá related to the prefix ya- of the verb ya-'i-|...[hi- perf.]-ghee 'to carry a burden inside' [act. tr.], the 3rd person perf. [with indef. obj.] of which occurs in the next line of this passage?

nzhóͅ 'ágóńsiͅ 'keep the place clean'. nzhóͅ 'it is good, well' plus the 2nd person with place object of 'á-ni-...-ł-ziͅ 'to keep so' [imp. neut. tr.]. See also dáítsénzhóͅgo yiba'ágogóͅsiͅná'a 'both of them kept it very clean for him'. dáítsé- 'very' [procl.?]; yiba'- 'for him'; 'ágogóͅsiͅ, the 3rd person dual with place object of the above mentioned verb.

1. ch'édátinyá 'out of doors'; ch'é- 'out' [see note 4.19].

2. gólijenłchiní 'beetles' [see note 4.9].

hanshcha'ye 'grasshoppers' [no analysis but cf. the theme -chá 'to hop', cont. imp. and perf. stems -cha].

hansht'á'ye 'butterflies' [no analysis but cf. the above and the theme -t'á 'to fly'].

dahiigohe 'moths' [no analysis].

dábitsé'égoosteel 'he spread out [a robe] for them'. dá- 'just'; bitsé- 'for them' [?]; 'égoosteel, see note 2.25, §2.

'áí zis 'iyáa bench'íńłtání 'that bag which Coyote had filled with things'. 'áí 'that'; zis 'bag'; 'iyáa 'something'; bench'íńłtání, relative in -í of bee- 'with it' plus the 3a person perf. of ni-ni-...[ni- perf.]-ł-tiͅiͅ 'to put down a sack-like object or a bundle' [act. tr.].

dásíbidáneí 'their favorite food'. dásí 'exceedingly, very much'; bidáne 'their food'.