Original journals of the Lewis and Clark Expedition, 1804-1806 printed from the original manuscripts in the library of the American Philosophical Society and by direction of its committee on historical documents |
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II. |
24th August Friday 1804.— |
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VIII. |
Chapter II Original journals of the Lewis and Clark Expedition, 1804-1806 | ||
24th August Friday 1804.—
Some rain last
night, a Continuation this morning, we Set
out at the useal time and
proceeded on the Course of last night,
to the (I) Commencement of a blue
Clay Bluff of 180 or 190
feet high on the L. S. Those Bluffs appear to
have been
laterly on fire, and at this time is too hot for a man to bear
his hand in the earth at any Debth[25]
, Great appearance
of
which answers its description is on the face of the Bluff. Great
quantities of a kind of berry resembling a current except double
the Size and Grows on a bush like a Privey, and the Size of a
Damsen deliciously flavoured and makes delitefull Tarts, this
froot is now ripe [26] I took my Servent and a french boy and
Walked on Shore, Killed Two Buck Elks and a fawn, and
intersepted the Boat, and had all the Meat butchered and in
by Sun Set at which time it began to rain and rained hard,
Cap. Lewis & My self walk out & got verry wet, a Cloudy
rainey night In my absence the Boat Passed a Small (2) River
Called by the Indians White Stone River this river is about
30 yards wide and runs thro: a Plain or Prarie in its whole
Course In a northerley derection from the Mouth of this
Creek in an emence Plain a high Hill is Situated, and appears
of a Conic form, and by the different nations of Indians in this
quarter is Suppose to be the residence of Deavels. that they
are in human form with remarkable large heads, and about
18 Inches high, that they are very watchfull and are arm'd
with Sharp arrows with which they Can Kill at a great distance;
they are Said to kill all persons who are So hardy as to attempt
to approach the hill; they State that tradition informs them
that many Indians have Suffered by those little people, and
among others three Mahar Men fell a sacrefise to their murceless
fury not many Years Sence. So Much do the Maha,
Soues, Ottoes and other neighbouring nations believe this fable,
that no Consideration is Suffecient to induce them to approach
the hill.
S. 48°. W. | 2 1/4 | Mls. to the Commencement of a Blue Clay
Bluff of 180 or 190 feet high on the L. S. |
West | 1 3/4 | Mls. under the Bluff passd two Small runs
from the Bluff, those Bluffs have been latterly on fire & is yet verry hot. (1) |
North | 2 | M ls. to a point on L. S. |
N. 10° E. | 1/4 | Mls. to an object in the
bend on S. S. an extensive Sand bar on the L. S. |
N. 45°. W. | 1 1/2 | Mls. to the lower point of a small Willow Island. |
West | 1 1/4 | Ml. to the upper point of a Sand bar Connected with the Island [passed the Creek. (2)] |
S. 40. W. | 2 1/2 | Mls. to a Willow pt. on the S. S. |
11 1/2 |
The heated bluffs here
mentioned are ascribed by Coues (L. and C. i, p. 84)
to volcanic action; they were called by the French voyageurs côtes brulées, or "burnt
bluffs."
Brackenridge, who was at this place in 1811, ascribes this phenomenon
to
the burning of coal (Louisiana, pp. 232, 233).—
Ed.
At Ionia, Dixon County, is found the Nebraska
"volcano" or "burning hill."
Though declining in activity, this hill was
once an object of considerable interest,
especially after freshets in the
Missouri River. Though not visited personally, the
smoking or steaming
seems to be due to the decomposition of pyrite in the damp
shales. It
seems that sufficient chemical heat is produced to make the hill-top steam
and even to fuse some of the sand and clay. It bears no relation whatever
to a
volcano.—Erwin H. Barbour, geologist of
University of Nebraska.
Chapter II Original journals of the Lewis and Clark Expedition, 1804-1806 | ||