BIBLIOGRAPHY
The principal texts are collected and translated in A. O.
Lovejoy and G.
Boas, Primitivism and Related Ideas in
Antiquity
(Baltimore, 1935). The best general survey of the
whole subject is
still W. von Uxkull-Gyllenband, Griechische
Kultur-Entstehungslehren (Berlin, 1924). For more special-
ized discussions, see B. Gatz,
Weltalter, goldene Zeit und
sinnverwandte
Vorstellungen (Hildesheim, 1967); A. Klein
günther,
“ΠΡΩΤΟΣ
ΕΓΡΕΤΗΣ,”
Philologus Suppl. 26.1
(1933) and K.
Thraede, “Erfinder,” Reallexikon
für Antike
und Christentum,
5 (1962), 1191-1278 (inventor catalogues);
T.
Cole, Democritus and the Sources of Greek
Anthropology,
in American Philological
Association Monographs XXV
(1967); W. Theiler, Geschichte der teleologischen Natur-
betrachtung bis auf Aristoteles
(Zürich, 1925); and 
E 
. A.
Havelock, The
Liberal Temper in Greek Politics (New Haven,
1957), 25-124
(theories of cultural development in the larger
context of early Greek
anthropological and political
thought). As is inevitable, since so many
of the principal
authors survive only in fragments, all these studies
make
extensive use of hypothetical reconstructions; and any two
scholars' reconstructions will show important areas of dis-
agreement. For views differing
sharply from those here
presented of the importance of Democritus in
the shaping
of the tradition and of the place of the idea of
progress
in ancient thought see W. Spoerri, Späthellenistische
Berichte über Welt, Kultur
und Götter (Basel, 1959) and L.
Edelstein, The Idea of Progress in Classical Antiquity (Balti-
more, 1967), reviewed critically by
E . R. Dodds, Journal
of the History of Ideas,
29 (1968), 453-57. For other relevant
passages
from ancient authors see the very full survey in
K. Thraede,
“Fortschritt,” Reallexikon
für Antike und
Christentum,
8 (1969), 141-61.
THOMAS COLE
[See also Atomism;
Culture and Civilization;
Historiogra-
phy, Ancient Greek;
Platonism;
Pre-Platonic Conceptions; Progress in
Antiquity;
Technology; Work.]
