Han shih wai chuan Han Ying's Illustrations of the didactic application of the Classic of songs |
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CHAPTER IV Han shih wai chuan | ||
3[1]
There is great loyalty, secondary loyalty, inferior loyalty, and
there is treason to the state.[2]
Enveloping a prince with the True
Way so as to reform him constitutes great loyalty. Stirring up a
prince with virtue so as to assist him constitutes secondary loyalty.
Holding up the right to censure the wrong so as to provoke the
prince[3]
constitutes inferior loyalty. To be without consideration
for the public or for duty (i),[4]
to be weakly complaisant and
friends[6] —this constitutes treason to the state.
Such a relation as that of the Duke of Chou to King Ch`êng can
be called one of great loyalty. That of Kuan Chung to Duke
Huan can be called one of secondary loyalty. That of [Wu] Tzŭ-hsü
to Fu-ch`ai can be called one of inferior loyalty. That of
Ts`ao Ch`u-lung to [the tyrant] Chou[7]
can be called traitorous.
These all are ways of acting of ministers. Good or ill fortune comes
accordingly as they are worthy or unworthy. The Ode says,[8]
From Hsün-tzŭ 9.6a-b, with minor verbal changes and the addition of the conclusion
and quotation from the Ode.
B, C, D lack [OMITTED], which Chou and CHy add from Hsün-tzŭ. CHy follows TPYL
418.2a and writes [OMITTED] "dies for it" for [OMITTED]. Ch`u-hsüeh chi, loc. cit., has [OMITTED],
and Hsün-tzŭ has [OMITTED]. (Chao 103.) Yang Liang explains, "Because he gives his
prince the reputation of harming sages, it constitutes inferior loyalty."
Chou adds [OMITTED], which is lacking in the other texts, from Hsün-tzŭ; CHy and Chao
would also add it.
Chou quotes SY 10.16a (after Yang Liang), where a Ch`u-lung is mentioned as
tso-shih [OMITTED] to Chieh, and on the basis of which would emend [OMITTED] to [OMITTED]. Wang
Hsien-ch`ien, however, points out that Hsün-tzŭ 10.10b mentions Ts`ao Ch`u-lung as
belonging to the Shang, and so discredits the SY version. (Chao.)
CHAPTER IV Han shih wai chuan | ||