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Labor Among Primitive Peoples

  
[frontispiece]
  
[title page]
  
[contents]
  
PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION,
  
PREFACE TO FIRST EDITION.

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CHAPTER I. PREGNANCY, PARTURITION AND CHILDBED.
  
[section]
  
PREGNANCY.
  
LABOR.
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CHILDBED.
  
[subsection]
  
Management of the Child.
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CHAPTER II. POSTURE IN LABOR.
  
INTRODUCTION.
  
GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION.
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PART I.
  
[section]
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A. PERPENDICULAR OR UPRIGHT POSTURE.
  
[subsection]
  
1. STANDING.
  
2. PARTIALLY SUSPENDED.
  
3. SUSPENDED.
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B. INCLINED POSITIONS.
  
[subsection]
  
1. SITTING ERECT.
  
2. SQUATTING.
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3. KNEELING.
  
[subsection]
  
a. Kneeling, the Body inclined Forward.
  
(b.) Knee-Hand or Knee-Elbow Position.
  
(b.)1.) Inverse Knee-Elbow Position.
  
(c.) Kneeling, with the body erect, inclined backward, or partially suspended.
  
(d.) Kneeling Postures, where Precise Description is Lacking.
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4. SEMI-RECUMBENT.
  
[subsection]
  
(a.) Sitting Semi-recumbent on the Ground, upon a Stone, or Stool.
  
(b.) Sitting on the Lap or between the Thighs of an Assistant who is seated on a Chair or on the Floor.
  
(c). The Obstetric Chair.
  
(d.) Semi-recumbent Position, Strictly Speaking.
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C. HORIZONTAL, OR RECUMBENT.
  
[subsection]
 1. 
1. The Dorsal Decubitus.
 2. 
2. The Lateral Decubitus.
 3. 
3. Prone upon the Stomach.
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PART II.
  
The Position of Women among Civilized Races of the Present Day in the Agony of the Expulsive Pains.
  
RÉSUMÉ AND CONCLUSIONS.
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CHAPTER III. THE THIRD STAGE OF LABOR.
  
[section]
  
MANAGEMENT OF SIMPLE CASES.
  
MANAGEMENT OF THE PLACENTA IN CASE OF RETARDED EXPULSION.
  
MANAGEMENT OF THE UMBILICAL CORD.
  
PECULIAR SUPERSTITIONS AND CUSTOMS.
  
CONCLUSIONS.
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CHAPTER IV. MASSAGE AND EXPRESSION.
  
[section]
  
A. HISTORY OF MASSAGE.
  
B. HISTORY OF EXTERNAL MANIPULATIONS IN OBSTETRIC PRACTICE.
  
C. THE VARIOUS KINDS OF EXTERNAL MANIPULATION—MASSAGE AND EXPRESSION—IN THE OBSTETRIC PRACTICE OF PRIMITIVE PEOPLE.
  
LITERATURE.
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CHAPTER V. CHARACTERISTIC LABOR SCENES AMONG THE YELLOW, BLACK AND RED RACES.
  
[section]
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MONGOLIANS.
  
[subsection]
  
JAPANESE.
  
THE KARAFUTO AINOS, OF ISCHARI VALLEY OF HOKKAIDO (YEZO).
  
KALMUCKS.
  
NEGROES. LOANGO-NEGROES.
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THE RED RACES.
  
[subsection]
  
THE INDIANS OF THE PACIFIC COAST.
  
AFTER TREATMENT.
  
EASTERN TRIBES.

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This class, which we shall find, by far, the most common among civilized and savage people, ancient and modern, I have divided into four kinds, though the first one may not, perhaps, with the greatest propriety, be called an inclined position.

1. The erect, sitting posture.

2. The squatting position, as in defecation

3. The kneeling posture and its modifications; and finally,—

4. The semi-recumbent position, whether on the lap of an assistant, in a chair, on the floor, or in bed.

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