University of Virginia Library

[Lewis:]

Wednesday April 10th 1805.

Set out at an early hour this morning, at the distance of
three miles passed some Minetares who had assembled themselves
on the Lard [larboard] shore to take a view of our little
fleet. Capt Clark walked on shore to-day, for several hours,
when he returned he informed me that he had seen a gang of
Antelopes in the plains but was unable to get a shoot at them,
he also saw some geese and swan. the geese are now feeding
in considerable numbers on the young grass which has sprung
up in the bottom praries. the Musquetoes were very troublesome
to us to-day. The country on both sides of the missouri
from the tops of the river hills, is one continued level
fertile plain as far as the eye can reach, in which there is not
even a solitary tree or shrub to be seen, except such as from
their moist situations or the steep declivities of hills are sheltered
from the ravages of the fire. at the distance of 12 miles
from our encampment of last night we arrived at the lower
point of a bluff on the Lard side; about 1 1/2 miles down this
bluff from this point, the bluff is now on fire and throws out
considerable quantities of smoke which has a strong sulphurious


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smell. the appearance of the coal in the blufs continues
as yesterday.[19] at 1. P.M. we overtook three french
hunters who had set out a few days before us with a view
of traping beaver; they had taken 12 since they left Fort
Mandan. these people avail themselves of the protection
which our numbers will enable us to give them against the
Assinniboins who sometimes hunt on the Missouri; and
intend ascending with us as far as the mouth of the Yellow
stone river and continue there hunt up that river. this is the
first essay of a beaver hunter of any discription on this river.
the beaver these people have already taken is by far the best I
have ever seen. the river bottoms we have passed to-day are
wider and possess more timber than usual. the courant of the
Missouri is but moderate, at least not greater than that of
the Ohio in high tide; it's banks are falling in but little; the
navigation is therefore comparitively with it's lower portion
easy and safe. we encamped this evening on a willow point,
Stard. side just above a remarkable bend in the river to the
S.W. which we called the little bason.[20]

Cou[r]ses and distances of this day.

                   
miles. 
S. 45. W.  to a point of timbered land on the Std Sid
W.  to a point of timbered land on the Lard. sd
S. 72. W.  to a tree in a bend on the Stard. side 
S. 32. W.  to a point of woods on the Stard. side 
W.  on the Stard. point  1/2 
N. 40. W.  on the Stard. point  1/2 
N. 50. E.  to a point on the Lard. side, opposite to a low bluff 
S. 52. W.  to a point on the Stard. side opposite to a bluf, above
which a small creek falls in. 
3 1/2 
18 1/2 
 
[19]

This region "is the fringe of the well-known mauvaises terres ['Bad Lands']
to the south, through the heart of which the Little Missouri flows. . . . The country
is underlaid with vast beds of lignite coal, which has burned out over wide areas.
. . . Coal veins form lines plainly distinguishable in the hills bordering the river,
and . . . some of these veins are [even now] burning, and emit sulphurous odors."
Olin D. Wheeler.

[20]

Not far from the site of Fort Berthold, built by the American Fur Company in
1845. The name was transferred (1862) to another post, built in the Indian village.
Both structures were finally destroyed by fire—the former in 1862, the latter in
1874.—Ed.