University of Virginia Library

GLOSSARY

GLOSSARY

A. HISTORICAL[1]

Ai Kung [OMITTED]. II, 5a. 52. Posthumous title of Chiang [OMITTED], son
of Ting Kung [OMITTED], and duke of Lu, 494—466 B.C. He
attempted to assert his authority against the tutelage of the
"Three Huan Clans" [OMITTED] q.v., but was driven out of the
country by them, to spend some time in exile. Gonfucius' request
to chastise T'ien Ch'ang of Ch'i for the murder of his prince,
he was forced to deny. BD 1578; Tso-chuan, Legge, Bk. XII.

Chai Chung [OMITTED]. II, 2a, 11a. 43 (note 2); 70 (note 5). Energetic
minister of Chêng [OMITTED] in the early Ch'un Ch'iu period.
Assisted duke Chuang [OMITTED] (743—701 B.C.) in the latter's aggressive
policy toward the Chou Emperor. Died 697. Tso-chuan, Yin
Kung I, Huan Kung XI (cf. Kung-yang Chuan), Huan Kung
XV; BD App. 16.

Chang Ch'ien [OMITTED]. IV, 2a. 103 (note 2). Celebrated general
and explorer of Central Asia, where he was sent by Wu Ti on
a mission to the Yüeh-chih; his findings greatly facilitated the
Chinese conquest of the Tarim basin. SC CXI; Ch'ien-han-shu
LXI; G 29; BD 978.

Chang Ch'u [OMITTED]. IV, 8a. 122. "Greater Ch'u", the name that
Ch'ên Shêng gave to his `provisional' kingdom. Cf. SC XLVIII;
Ch'ien-han-shu XXXI.

Chang I [OMITTED]. IV, 7a. 120 (note 4); 121 (note 2). Clever politician
and adventurer of the Chan Kuo period. Advocated a
concert of powers under the leadership of Ch'in. Minister of Ch'in
from 328 to 312. Died as an exile in Wei. SC LXX, Chan-kuo-ts'ê,
pass. G 70; BD 967.

Chang t'ing-wei [OMITTED]. III, 3a. 87 (note 4). "Justice Chang",
Chang T'ang [OMITTED], famous jurist under Wu Ti. SC CXXII;
Ch'ien-han-shu LIX; BD 956.

Ch'ang Chü [OMITTED]. I, 6a. 16. Recluse of Yeh [OMITTED] in Ch'u. Associated
with Chieh Ni. Apart from being the heroes of the anecdote
related in Lun-yü, XVIII, vi, and Shih-chi XLVII, nothing is
known of them. BD 138; G 614.

Chao Hsüan-mêng [OMITTED]. IV, 5a. 111. Chao Tun [OMITTED],
great officer of Chin under dukes Hsiang [OMITTED] and Ling [OMITTED]
(627—621, 620—607 B.C.); known for his stern sense of justice.
SC XLIII; BD 1405; G 189.

Chao Kao [OMITTED]. I, 13b; II, 2a; 13b; IV, 8b. 39; 43; 80; 124.
Eunuch minister of Ch'in Shih-huang-ti who contrived the death
of Fu Su, the heir to the throne, and for three years ruled the
Empire tyrannically in the name of Erh-shih. Put to death in 207.
SC VI; G 165; BD App. 21.

Chao Kung [OMITTED]. II, 13a. 48; 79 (note 4). Ch'ou [OMITTED], duke of
Lu, 541—510 B.C. Worsted in his struggle against the three
powerful clans of Lu, the duke fled to Ch'i where he was followed
by Confucius. Died in exile. Tso-chuan, Legge, Bk. X; SC XXXIV;
BD 1577.

Chao Wan [OMITTED]. IV, 9a. 125. Yü-shih ta-fu at the time of
Wu Ti's accession. Advocated the establishment of a ming t'ang
[OMITTED]. Opposed by the Empress Tou, he was forced to commit
suicide. Ch'ien-han-shu VI, 2nd year of Wu Ti; BD 1417.

Ch'ao Ts'o [OMITTED]. II, 4b, 5a. 50 (note 1); 51; 52; 53. Minister
of Ching Ti, noted for his advocacy of the strengthening of the
central power and the curtailment of the rights of the feudal
princes. Author of memorials to the throne on political and
economic questions. SC CI; Ch'ien-han-shu XLIX; BD 1744;
G 204. Cf. also Margouliès, G., Le Kou wen chinois, 68—74,
277—79.

Ch'ên Shê. IV, 8b. 123. See Ch'ên Shêng.

Ch'ên Shêng [OMITTED]. IV, 8a. 122 (note 3). Tzŭ Shê [OMITTED]. A Ch'in
constable who rose against Erh-shih's tyranny. He assembled a
sufficient number of malcontents to maintain himself for some
time in the old Ch'u provinces, but was defeated and slain before
he could consolidate his power. SC XLVIII; Ch'ien-han-shu XXXI;
BD 1088; G 242.

Ch'ên Wang [OMITTED]. IV, 8b, 124. "King of Ch'ên", Ch'ên Shêng.

Ch'ên Wên Tzŭ [OMITTED]. II, 5a. 52. Ch'en Hsü-wu [OMITTED],
officer in the service of duke Chuang [OMITTED] of Ch'i (553—548 B.C.).
After the murder of his prince he left the country in disgust but
did not find better conditions abroad. BD 1092.

Ch'êng Wang [OMITTED]. II, 10b; III, 7a. 70; 98. Sung [OMITTED], Wu
Wang's son and second Emperor of the Chou dynasty. Traditional
dates 1115—1079 B.C. The duke of Chou was regent during his
minority. SC IV; Chu Shu Chi Nien; BD 529.

Ch'êng T'ang [OMITTED]. IV, 9a. 124. T'ang "the Completer", founder
of the Shang dynasty. Often called T'ang, simply. Traditional
dates 1766—1754 B.C.; according to the Chu Shu Chi Nien,
his reign began in 1558. Together with Wên and Wu, founders
of the Chou house, he is venerated as a "model first Emperor".
Shu-ching; SC III; Chu Shu Chi Nien; G 282; BD 896.

Chi [OMITTED]. II, 6b. 57. See Hou Chi.

Chi, Mêng [OMITTED]. IV, 7b. 121. Two of the most powerful clans
in Lu during Confucius' lifetime.

Chi Shih [OMITTED]. II, 11b. 72. The Chi clan, descendants of Chi
Yu [OMITTED], son of duke Huan [OMITTED] (711—694), and younger brother
of duke Chuang of Lu [OMITTED] (693—662). One of the "Three Huan
Clans". Members of this family dominated the politics of Lu for
several generations. SC XXXIII.

Chi Shih [OMITTED]. I, 5a. 14 (note 3). Apparently the correct reading
for Fan Shih [OMITTED]. The prince of the little state of Chi,
destroyed by Ch'i, is undoubtedly meant. Cf. Kuan Tzŭ [OMITTED].

Chi-sun [OMITTED]. II, 3b; IV, 5ab. 46; 110 (note 5); 113. Same as
Chi Shih. In II, 3b (46) Chi-sun Ssŭ [OMITTED] (Chi Huan Tzŭ [OMITTED])
is meant. BD 557; G 291.

Chi Wên Tzŭ [OMITTED]. I, 8a, note. 22 (note 2). Posthumous
title of Chi-sun Hsing-fu [OMITTED]. Served as Chancellor under
dukes Hsüan, Ch'êng and Hsiang [OMITTED] (608-591-573-542).
Famous for his frugality. BD 557.

Chi Tzŭ [OMITTED] II, 3a, 4a. 45; 48. Viscount of Chi, Hsü-yü
[OMITTED], imprisoned by Chou Hsin for repeated remonstrances.
Fled to Korea after Wu Wang's triumph. Chu Shu Chi Nien;
BD 1367; G 300.

Ch'i Hsüan Wang [OMITTED]. II, 9b, 10a. 66; 67. Title of Pi-chiang
[OMITTED], king of Ch'i, 342—324 B.C. Victor over Wei. Patron of
scholars. SC XLVII; BD 1425. Cf. also Mencius I, pass.

Ch'i Ching Kung [OMITTED]. IV, 3a. 104. Ch'u-chiu [OMITTED], duke
of Ch'i, 547—489 B.C. Contemporary of Confucius, for some time
his patron. SC XXXII; BD 1427.

Chiang Ch'ung [OMITTED]. III, 2b. 86. A native of Han-tan. Served
first in the fief of Chao, whence he fled to the court of Wu Ti.
Hating the Crown Prince Chü [OMITTED], he made use of Wu Ti's
superstitious credulity to accuse the prince of evil magic against
the person of the Emperor. Killed by the incensed prince. Ch'ienhan-shu,
XLV; BD 272.

Ch'iao [OMITTED]. I, 6a. 16 (note 5). Chuang Ch'iao [OMITTED], descendant
of king Chuang of Ch'u; maintained an independent state in Shu,
living by piracy. Thus his name is linked with Robber Chih.
BD 1925.

Chieh [OMITTED]. I, 5b; II, 4a. 15; 47. Last Emperor of Hsia (1818—1766
Standard Chronology. His reign ended in 1558 [Bamboo Annals]).
SC II; Chu Shu Chi Nien; G 354; BD 746.

Chieh Ni [OMITTED]. I, 6a. 16. Famous recluse. His conversation with
Tzŭ Lu on the subject of retiring from the world is recorded in
Lun-yü, XVIII, vi. See Ch'ang Chü. G. 356; BD 807.

Chieh Tzŭ [OMITTED]. II, 10a. 68. Also [OMITTED] (so the SC LXXIV).
Scholar of Ch'i. Classified as Taoist in the Bibliography of the
Ch'ien-han-shu. SC LXXIV; BD 982.

Chien [King] [OMITTED]. II, 10ab. 67 (note 3); 68. Cf. Wang Chien.

Chien Hsüan [OMITTED]. II, 9b. 65. Stern and exacting official. Served
in the judiciary and the secretariat. Pursued criminals even into
the Imperial Park. SC CXXII; Ch'ien-han-shu XC; BD 1168.

Chih [OMITTED] or [OMITTED]. I, 6a. 16 (note 5). "Robber Chih" [OMITTED], famous
bandit whom Chuang Tzŭ described as professing Taoist ideas,
and as administering a good lesson to Confucius. Chuang-tzŭ,
XXIX. G 1887.

Chih Po [OMITTED]. IV, 5a, 5b. 111; 113; 114. Count of Chih, Hsün
Yao [OMITTED]. Vassal of Chin at beginning of Chan Kuo period.
Talented, but brutal and arrogant, he carried on incessant wars
against rival barons. While besieging his powerful antagonist
Chao Hsiang Tzŭ in Chin-yang, Chao alienated his allies, and
the new triumvirate of Chao, Wei, and Han annihilated him,
453 B.C. Chan-kuo-ts'ê; BD 598.

Chin Hsien [OMITTED]. IV, 5b. 113; 114. Duke Hsien of Chin,
676—652 B.C. Extended the territory of Chin. Married the
Barbarian princess Li Chi, which brought about troubles of
succession, and the exile of his famous son, Ch'ung-êrh. SC XXXIX;
Tso-chuan; BD 806.

Chin Wên Kung [OMITTED]. II, 11a; IV, 5a. 71; 111. Ch'ung-êrh
[OMITTED], duke of Chin, 636—628. One of the five "Lords-Protector".
Romantic figure of the Ch'un Ch'iu period. Driven into exile by
his father, he wandered for years through the states awaiting
the opportune time to regain his heritage. Tso-chuan; BD 804;
G 523.

Ching Ti [OMITTED] IV, 9a. 126. Title of Liu Ch'i [OMITTED], Emperor of
Han, 156—140 B.C. SC XI; Ch'ien-han-shu V; BD 1359; G 1284.

Ch'ing Hsiang [OMITTED]. II, 3b. 46. Hêng [OMITTED], king of Ch'u, 298—263.
Tried to come to an agreement with Ch'in. Attempted to organize
a league against it. Patron of Ch'ü Yüan. BD 1288.

Chou [OMITTED]. I, 9a b; II, 2a, 7a, 12a; III 3b, 6b; IV, 2a, 4b, 6a.
26; 27; 28; 43; 58; 70; 71; 75; 88; 97; 109. The Chou dynasty,
1122 or 1050—249 B.C. The house of Chou. Often in
reference to the first virtuous sovereigns, the "Golden Age".

Chou [OMITTED]. I, 6a; II, 4a. 17; 38; 47. Also known as Chou Hsin
[OMITTED], last Emperor of the Shang dynasty (1154—1122, Standard
Chronology; 1102—1050, Bamboo Annals). SC III; Chu Shu
Chi Nien; G 414; BD 896.

Chou Hsüan Wang [OMITTED]. IV, 2a. 101. Emperor of Chou,
828—782. Victorious over the Barbarians. Restored for a time
the ancient glory of the house. His reign is the "Renaissance"
[OMITTED] of the Chou dynasty. SC IV; Chu Shu Chi Nien; BD 532.

Chou [OMITTED]. II, 2a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a b, 10b, 11a; III, 7a; IV,
8b. 43; 57; 58; 59; 62; 63; 98. The "Duke of Chou". The
Chou par excellence, he in whom Chou "virtue" resided, Chi Tan
[OMITTED], fourth son of Wên Wang, greatest of traditional Confucian
heroes. Due to his efforts, the house of Chou became firmly established.
Founder of the ducal house of Lu. SC XXXIII; BD 524;
G 418.

Chu-fu Yen [OMITTED]. IV, 9ab. 125, 126. Native of Lin-tsê. In
youth he studied the writings of the "diplomat" school, then philosophy

and the Ch'un Ch'iu. Appointed lang-chung, he rapidly
rose in rank. He was greatly feared at the Court for his eloquence.
Executed for having reported the indiscretions of the prince of Ch'i.
SC CXII; Ch'ien-han-shu LXIVa; BD 167.

Ch'u [OMITTED]. II, 5a. 52. Ch'u Wang, Liu Chiao [OMITTED], Prince of Ch'u,
who followed Liu P'i in his rebellion. Ch'ien-han-shu XXXVI;
BD 1439.

Ch'u Tai [OMITTED]. II. 9a. 64. Also Ch'u Ta [OMITTED]. Studied the Kung-yang
Commentary. Rose to the office of Chancellor of Liang.
BD 1543; SC CXXI; Ch'ien-han-shu LXXXVIII.

Ch'ü Yüan [OMITTED]. II, 3b. 46. Ch'ü P'ing [OMITTED], minister of Ch'u.
The great poet of ancient China. Victim of calumny. SC LXXXIV;
BD 563; G 503; Margouliès, Le Kou wen, 83—89 (Bibliography);
Lim Boon Keng, The Li Sao, Shanghai 1929.

Chung-ni [OMITTED]. II, 9b. 66. See K'ung Tzŭ (Confucius).

Chung Yu [OMITTED]. II, 11b; IV, 8a. 72; 123. Disciple of Confucius.
Tzŭ Tzŭ Lu [OMITTED] or Chi Lu [OMITTED]. Rash and impetuous, he
possessed, however, many excellent qualities and was greatly
beloved by the Master. Served as a magistrate in Lu. Died in
battle. SC LXVII; G 522; BD 221.

Ch'ung Hu [OMITTED]. II, 2a. 43. Hu, marquis of Ch'ung, towards
the end of the Shang dynasty. Persuaded Chou Hsin to imprison
Wên Wang. Later Wên Wang destroyed him and his state.
BD App. 14.

Chü Ping [OMITTED]. I, 10b, 11a, 12a. 30 (note 3); 32; 33. Cf. p.
30, note 3.

Erh-shih [OMITTED]. II, 1b, 13a. 42; 79. Title of Hu Hai [OMITTED],
second Emperor of the Ch'in dynasty. Placed upon the throne
through the machinations of Chao Kao, he remained a puppet in
the latter's hands throughout his reign. SC VI; BD 9; G 816.

Fan Shih [OMITTED]. I, 5a. 14 (note 3). Apparently a mistake for
Chi Shih, q.v. Chang Chih-hsiang takes it to refer to the Fan
clan of Chin, but this is improbable, in view of the context which
requires an antithesis to Ch'i's rise due to Kuan Chung's efforts.

Fang Shu [OMITTED]. III, 6b. 97 (note 1). Minister of Chou Hsüan
Wang [OMITTED]. Leader against the Barbarians. BD 60; Chu
Shu Chi Nien; Shih Ching, loc. cit.

Fu Ch'ai [OMITTED]. II, 4a. 48. King of Wu, 495—473 B.C. Son of
Ho Lu. Victor over Wu's hereditary enemy Yüeh, he was overgenerous
with his rival Kou Chien, and in 473 saw his kingdom
fall prey to the rejuvenated Yüeh. SC XXXI; BD 40; G. 576.

Han [OMITTED]. IV, 4b. 110. One of the three powerful clans of the
state of Chin, which in 403 founded the state of Han. The
reference to its wealth (cf. Mencius, VII, i, 11) may suggest
that even in those early times the manufacturing and commercial
center of the Empire was in the old Chin region, as it was later
under the Han. SC XLV.

Han Ch'ing [OMITTED]. IV, 5a. 111. Scholar whom duke Wên of Chin
particularly honored by alighting from his chariot and hastening
to meet him. Otherwise unknown.

Hêng Hai [OMITTED]. IV, 2a. 102. Hêng-hai chiang-chün, "the Sea-crossing
General", i.e. Han Shuo [OMITTED], who under Wu Ti
distinguished himself first against the Hsiung Nu, and then led
the Chinese invasion of Tung Yüeh [OMITTED] from the sea. SC CXI;
BD 1706.

Hêng Shan [OMITTED]. II, 4b. 51. Liu Tz'ŭ [OMITTED], Prince of —. Brother
and fellow-conspirator of Liu An. SC CXVIII; Ch'ien-han-shu XLIV.

Ho Lu [Lü] [OMITTED] or [OMITTED]. II, 4a, 11a. 48; 72. King of Wu,
514—496. Patron of Wu Yüan and of Sun Tzŭ [OMITTED]. SC XXXI;
BD 1726; G 654.

Hou Chi [OMITTED]. III, 3b. 89 (note 2). Culture hero. God of Agriculture.
Enhemeriz d as Yao's minister. Ancestor of the Chou house.
Chu Shu Chi Nien, Shu-ching; G 664; BD 236.

Hou Shêng [OMITTED]. II, 10b. 68 (note 13). Minister of king Chien
of Ch'i, bribed by Ch'in to persuade his master to abandon his
allies in the struggle against Ch'in. SC XLVI.

Hsia [OMITTED]. I, 9a. 26; 27; 28. The Hsia dynasty (2205—1766,
[Standard chronology]; ended 1558, [Bamboo Books]). Chu Shu
Chi Nien; SC II.

Hsia hou [OMITTED]. I, 9b. 27. The emperors of the Hsia dynasty.
Hou, an ancient term for Emperor; is used often in reference to
the Hsia.

Hsiang Tzŭ [OMITTED]. IV, 5b. 113; 114. Chao Wu-hsü [OMITTED], or
[OMITTED], vassal of Chin, and rival of Chih Po. SC XCIII; Chankuo-ts'ê;
BD 1413.

Hsiao Kung [OMITTED]. II, 2b, 4b, 10b. 42; 46; 49; 69. Ch'ü-liang
[OMITTED], duke of Ch'in, 361—338. Inaugurated reforms, and
strengthened the state. Patron of Shang Yang. BD 827.

Hsiao-wu Huang-ti [OMITTED]. I, 13a; III, 4a. 36 (note 3); 92.
Full posthumous title of Han Wu Ti.

Hsieh [Chieh] Yang [OMITTED] or [OMITTED]. II, 5a. 53 (cf. note 4). Officer
of Chin sent to Sung [OMITTED] to encourage the inhabitants to defend
themselves against Ch'u until the promised help would arrive from
Chin. Arrested and brought before king Chuang of Ch'u, Hsieh
refused to be intimidated by bribes or threats and delivered his
message to the Sung people in front of the whole army of Ch'u.
Tso-chuan, Hsüan XV; BD App. 20.

Hsien [Hsüan] Kao [OMITTED]. I, 8a; II, 5a. 23; 53. A man of Chêng,
who on a business visit to Chou, encountered the army of Ch'in
which was stealthily moving against Chêng. He delayed the enemy
by presenting him with some of his cattle, while he despatched
a messenger to warn his prince of the impending attack. BD 566;
Tso-chuan, Hsi XXXII.

Hsien Ti [OMITTED]. I, 1b, 3a; II, 13a, 8b; III, 1b, 5a; IV, 2a.
37; 83; 94 (note 2); 101. The former (late) Emperor, usually
Wu Ti.

Hsien-yang [OMITTED]. II, 6a; III, 2b. 55 (note 2); 86. Tung-kuo
[OMITTED] Hsien-yang. A salt manufacturer of Ch'i. Associate of
K'ung Chin. SC XXX; Chavannes, Mém. hist., III, 567, 570, 571.

Hsü Yen [OMITTED]. II, 9a. 64. Apparently the same as Hsü Shêng
[OMITTED] (Doctor Hsü), a Lu scholar. Appointed li-kuan ta-fu [OMITTED]
[OMITTED] under Wên Ti. BD 779.

Hsün Ch'ing [OMITTED]. IV, 5ab, 6b. 112 (note 4); 117. Hsün K'uang
[OMITTED], Hsün-tzŭ, the well-known philosopher. SC LXXIV; G 807;
BD 840.

Hsün Hsi [OMITTED]. IV, 5b. 113. Member of the ducal house of Chin.
Enfeoffed at Hsün. Distinguished himself in the service of duke
Hsien. Author of the scheme to annex Kuo and Yü. Perished
during the troubles following duke Hsien's death. G 805; BD
840; Tso-chuan.

Huai Nan [OMITTED]. -II, 4b. 51 (note 2). Liu An [OMITTED], prince of —.
SC CXVIII; Ch'ien-han-shu XLIV; BD 1441; G 1269.

Huan Kung [OMITTED]. II 8a, 8b; III, 2ab. 62, 63, 85, 86. Hsiao-pai
[OMITTED], duke of Ch'i, 685—643. Leader in the wars with Ch'u.
Patron of Kuan Chung. Tso Chuan; SC XXXII; G 841; BD 1426.

Hui [OMITTED]. IV, 3a, 8a. 105, 123. See Yen Yüan.

Hui Wang [OMITTED]. II, 4a. 48. King of Yen from 278 to 272 B.C.
Envious of the success of Yo I, he replaced him by another
commander, and as a consequence lost all the lands conquered
by his father from Ch'i. BD 1586; SC XXXIV; Chan-kuo-ts'ê.

I Tun [OMITTED]. I, 6a, 13a. 16, 37. A poor man of Lu, who became
rich through the advice of Tao Chu-kung. One of the first Chinese
salt manufacturers and traders on record. SC CXXIX; Ch'ienhan-shu
XCI.

I Yin [OMITTED]. I, 5ab; II, 2ab, 10b, 11ab; III, 2b; IV, 5a. 14, 15,
43, 69, 71, 73, 86, 112. Model minister of the Shang dynasty.
Chu Shu Chi Nien; Shu-ching; G 913; BD 227.

Jan Ch'iu [OMITTED]. II, 11b. 72. Tzŭ Tzŭ Yu [OMITTED]. Disciple of
Confucius. An energetic and versatile man. Served faithfully Chi
K'ang [OMITTED] and persuaded the latter to recall Confucius from exile.
SC LXVII; BD 168; G 916.

K'ang [OMITTED]. II, 10b. 70. Chao [OMITTED], third ruler of the Chou dynasty
(1052—1002 [Standard chronology]), last of the four virtuous
princes of Chou. SC IV; Shu-ching; Chu Shu Chi Nien; BD 536.

Kao Ti [OMITTED]. I, 3a. 9. Posthumous little of Liu Pang [OMITTED], founder
of the Han dynasty. SC VIII; Ch'ien-han-shu I; BD 1359;
G. 1334.

Kao Tsu [OMITTED]. Cf. Kao Ti.

Kêng Ku-chih [OMITTED], III, 2b. 86 (note 6 q.v.). Otherwise
unknown.

Kuan Chung [OMITTED]. I, 4b; II, 8ab, 7a, 11ab; III, 2a, 2b; IV 2b.
7 (note 6); 14; 22; 38; 58; 62; 63; 71; 73; 85; 86; 87; 103.
Famous economist and minister of duke Huan of Ch'i. SC LXII;
BD 1367; G 1006.

K'uang [OMITTED]. II, 7b. 60. Cf. Shih K'uang [OMITTED].

Kun [OMITTED] or [OMITTED]. II, 5a. 52. Father of Yü. Banished by Shun.
Chu Shu Chi Nien; Shu-ching II; BD App. 24; G. 1018. Cf. Granet,
Danses et légendes de la Chine ancienne.

Kung Chih-ch'i [OMITTED] IV, 5b. 113. Minister of the duke of
Yü who repeatedly warned his master of the evil designs of Chin
in asking permission to pass through Yü territory. Tso-chuan
Hsi V; Ku-liang Comm., Hsi II; G 1021; BD 771.

Kung-po Liao [OMITTED]. II, 3b. 46. Disciple of Confucius. Tzŭ
Tzŭ Chou [OMITTED]. Slandered Tzŭ Lu before Chi-sun. He was
probably a member of the ducal house. BD 34; Lun-yü XIV,
xxxviii.

Kung-shu [OMITTED]. II, 7a. 58. Ta-fu of Wei [OMITTED], whose name was
Fa [OMITTED]. His integrity and culture were greatly admired by
Confucius. Cf. Lun-yü XIV, xiv, xix; BD 34.

Kung Shu Tzŭ [OMITTED]. I, 8a; IV, 2b, 4a. 23; 44; 108. Kung
Shu P'an [OMITTED] or [OMITTED]. Famous technician and military
engineer of the end of the Chou. BD 37.

Kung-sun Ch'êng-hsiang [OMITTED]. II, 8b. 63. `Chancellor
Kung-sun' See Kung-sun Hung.

Kung-sun Hung [OMITTED]. II, 8b, 9ab, 10a; IV, 9a. 63 (note 6);
64; 65; 67; 126. Noted scholar and statesman under Wu Ti.
One time Chancellor. Known for his filial piety, great frugality
and for patronizing poor scholars. SC CXII; Ch'ien-han-shu LVIII;
G 1030; BDd 35.

K'ung Chi [OMITTED]. IV, 4b. 109 (note 4). Tzŭ, Tzŭ Ssŭ [OMITTED].
Grandson of Confucius. Studied under Tsêng Shên. Lived in
great poverty, but later reached high station in Lu. BD. 41;
G. 1040.

K'ung Chia [OMITTED]. I, 8b. 123 (note 5). Descendant of Confucius;
better known as K'ung Fu [OMITTED]. At the peril of his life, he
continued to teach the Master's precepts during the persecution
of Ch'in. Later he acted as advisor to Ch'ên Shêng. Perished
with his patron. Author of the K'ung Ts'ung Tzŭ [OMITTED].
SC XLVI, CXXII; G. 1045; BD 46.

K'ung Chin [OMITTED]. II, 6a, 9a; III, 2b. 55 (note 2); 65; 86.
Iron manufacturer of Nan-yang [OMITTED]. Placed together with
Tung-kuo Hsien-yang at the head of the administration of the
salt and iron monopoly. SC XXX; Chavannes Mém. hist. III,
567 et al.; BD 44.

K'ung Tzŭ [OMITTED]. Passim. Confucius (For list of quotations cf.
Introduction, App). SC XLVII.

Lao Tzŭ [OMITTED]. 7. The reputed founder of Taoism (quoted). SC
LXIII.

Li Ssŭ [OMITTED]. I, 13b; IV, 5ab, 6ab, 7a. 39, 112 (note 2), 114,
117, 118, 119. Chancellor of Ch'in under Shih Huang-ti. A native
of Shang Ts'ai [OMITTED] he studied under Hsün-tzŭ in his youth.
SC LXXXVII; G 1203; BD 425.

Liao [OMITTED]. II, 11a. 72. King of Wu, 526—515 B.C. Ascended the
throne in place of Chi Cha. Murdered by Ho Lu. SC XXXI;
BD 309.

Liu-hsia Hui [OMITTED]. IV, 9a. 124. Hui of Liu-hsia (district in
Lu), posthumous name of Chan Ch'in [OMITTED] (or Huo [OMITTED]). A
Lu magistrate of the highest integrity. Extolled by Confucius.
BD 772; G 18; Lun-yü XV, xiii, XVIII, ii, viii.

Lou Chi [OMITTED]. II, 6b. 57. Younger brother of marquis Wên of
Wei [OMITTED], Wei Ch'êng Tzŭ.

Lou-ch'uan [OMITTED]. IV, 2a. 102. Lou-ch'uan chiang-chün, "General
of the High-decked Ships", Yang P'u [OMITTED]. Distinguished
himself as a strict magistrate. Conqueror of Southern and Eastern
Yüeh. Degraded after his Korean campaign. Ch'ien-han-shu VI;
SC CXXII; BD 1280.

Lu Chün [OMITTED]. IV, 5b. 114. "The prince of Lu", probably duke Ai.

Lu Kung [OMITTED]. II, 11a. 72. The duke of Lu, duke Hsüan,
608—591. Hsiang Chung [OMITTED], who was the actual murderer
of the little prince, Tzŭ-ch'ih. Tso-chuan, Wên, XVIII.

Lu Ting Kung [OMITTED]. II, 13a. 79 (note 3). Sung [OMITTED], duke
of Lu, 509—495. For some time patron of Confucius. Tso-chuan;
SC XXXIII; BD 1577.

Lü [OMITTED] [Wang [OMITTED]]. II, 2a; IV, 5a. 43 (note 9); 112. Lü Shang.
See T'ai Kung.

Mencius, Cf. Mêng K'o [OMITTED], and Mêng Tzŭ [OMITTED].

Mêng [OMITTED]. IV, 7b. 121. Mêng-sun [OMITTED], powerful clan of Lu,
descendants of Ch'ing-fu [OMITTED], son of duke Huan

Mêng K'o [OMITTED]. II, 9b, 10b. 66; 70. Mencius. SC LXXIV;
G 1522; BD 555.

Mêng T'ien [OMITTED]. II, 3a; IV, 2a, 8b. 45; 46; 102; 124. Famous
general of Ch'in Shih Huang-ti. Hero of campaigns against the
Hsiung Nu. As Warden of the Northern Marches supervised
(re-)building of the Great Wall. Forced to commit suicide together
with Fu Su. SC LXXXVIII; G 1526; BD 1374.

Mêng Tzŭ [OMITTED]. I, 8ab; II, 6b, 11a. 23; 57; 71. Mencius or
his works (quoted).

Mi Tzŭ Hsia [OMITTED]. II, 11b. 73 (note 2). Favorite of duke
Ling of Wei [OMITTED], 534—493 B.C. G 1532; BD 1635.

Min Tzŭ [OMITTED]. IV, 3a. 104. Min Sun [OMITTED] Tzŭ Tzŭ Ch'ien
[OMITTED], disciple of Confucius. One of the "Twenty-four Paragons
of Filial Virtue". SC LVII; BD 1211; G 1533.

Min Wang [OMITTED]. II, 10a. 67; 68. Title of Ti [OMITTED], king of Ch'i,
323—284. His aggressive policy led to the formation of a coalition
of five states against Ch'i. Min was driven from his capital and
was murdered in Lü. BD 1427; SC XLVI.

Mu Kung [OMITTED]. II, 10b. 69. Jên-hao [OMITTED], duke of Ch'in,
659—621. Extended his state at the expense of the Barbarians.
Patron of worthies and scholars. Tso-chuan; BD 830.

Nan Tzŭ [OMITTED]. II, 11b. 73. The beautiful but wanton wife of
duke Ling [OMITTED] of Wei. Had an interview with Confucius. Drove
the Heir Apparent into exile. Killed by him at his accession to
his father's throne. G 1561; BD 632; Lun-yü VI, xxvi.

Ni K'uan [OMITTED]. II, 7b, 8a. 60; 61. A poor scholar who
attracted attention through his studies on the Boon of History.
Rose to be Yü-shih ta-fu under Wu Ti. Ch'ien-han-shu LVIII;
G 906; BD 521.

Ni Ta-fu [OMITTED]. 61 (note 1). Cf. Ni K'uan.

Ning Ch'i [OMITTED]. IV, 2b. 104 (note 4). A poor man who attracted
duke Huan of Chi's attention while feeding his oxen. Rose subsequently
to high office in Ch'i. G 1568; BD 1177.

Ou Yeh [OMITTED]. I, 8a, 11a; IV, 4a. 23; 31; 108. Famous metallurgist.
Commissioned by the king of Yüeh to make five swords, famous
in Chinese art and tradition. BD 1508.

P'an Kêng [OMITTED]. I, 3a. 9. Sixteenth sovereign of the Shang dynasty
(1401—1374 [Standard Chronology]). In 1388 removed his capital
from Yen to Yin, North of the Ho. Shu-ching; SC III; BD 1524.

Pao Ch'iu Tzŭ [OMITTED]. IV, 5a, 5b. 112; 113. Apparently the
same person as Fou Ch'iu Po [OMITTED], pupil of Hsün Tzŭ, with
Li Ssŭ. Later the teacher of Liu Chiao, prince of Ch'u. Cf.
Ch'ien-han-shu XXXVI; BD 815.

P'i Shên [OMITTED]. II, 2a. 43 (note 6). Ta-fu of Chêng whose advice
Tzŭ-ch'an sought on important state affairs. BD 1378.

P'êng-tsu Ning [OMITTED]. I, 12a. 34 (note 34). Tu-wei [OMITTED]
of Shan-shui.

Pi Kan [OMITTED]. II, 4a. 48. A sage of the Shang dynasty. Relative
of Chou Hsin, who ordered him to be disembowelled in order to
see how many openings a sage's heart had. G 1645; BD 67.

Pien Ch'iao [OMITTED]. II, 3a; III, 3a, 3b, 4a. 44; 88 (notes 2, 3);
90; 91. Native of Chêng in the Chan Kuo period. His real name
was Ch'in Yüeh-jên [OMITTED]. SC CV; BD 651; G 396.

Ping of Chü. Cf. Chü Ping [OMITTED].

P'ing [chief criminal judge] [OMITTED] [[OMITTED]]. 76. Cf. T'ing-wei P'ing.

Po Kuei [OMITTED]. IV, 3b. 107. A native of Wei, who made a
fortune through the principle: "Utilize what people reject and
supply people with what they would take". SC CXXIX; Ch'ienhan-shu
XCI; BD 208.

Po Ch'in [OMITTED]. II, 6b. 57. Son of Chou Kung, second prince of
Lu, 1108—1063. SC XXXIII; BD 283.

Po I [OMITTED]. IV, 3a, 7b, 9a. 104; 120; 124. Brother of Shu C'hi
[OMITTED]. After having renounced a dukedom, they became recluses.
Starved to death on Mt. Shou, on the accession of Wu Wang to
the Imperial throne, declining "to eat" the usurper's grain. The
vir probus of ancient China. SC LXI; BD 283; G 1657.

Po-li [OMITTED]. II, 10b, 11a; III, 2b. 69; 71. Po-li Hsi [OMITTED]. Minister
in Yü. Taken into captivity by Ch'in. Attracted the attention of
duke Mu (cf. Wu Ku). Chancellor of Ch'in for seven years.
Model minister. G 1659; BD 277.

San Huan [OMITTED]. I, 11a; IV, 7b. 31 (note 4); 121. The three
Huan Clans, descendants of duke Huan's sons Chi-sun, Mêng-sun
and Shu-sun [OMITTED]. SC XXXIII.

Second Emperor. 42 (43, note 1). Cf. Erh-shih [OMITTED].

Shang [OMITTED]. I, 6a; III, 6b. 38; 97. Shang dynasty (1766—1122
[Standard chronology]; 1558—1050 [Bamboo Annals]). SC III;
Chu Shu Chi Nien.

Shang Chün [OMITTED]. II, 1ab, 3ab, 10b. 40 (note 1); 42; 45; 46;
69; 70. See Shang Yang.

Shang Yang [OMITTED]. II, 1b, 2ab, 3ab, 4a; 7a; IV, 7a. 40 (notes
1, 2); 42 (note 3); 43; 44; 46; 47; 49; 118. Kung-sun Yang
or Wei [OMITTED] Yang, famous statesman of Ch'in, to whose reforms
that state owed its greatness. SC LVIII; BD 36; G 2296.

Shang-kuan ta-fu [OMITTED]. II, 3b. 46. Title of Chin Shang
[OMITTED], a great dignitary of Ch'u, who calumnied Ch'ü Yüan
before king Ch'ing-hsiang (or more correctly king Huai). BD 1347.

Shao [OMITTED] [[OMITTED]]. II, 7b, 8b. 59; 63. Title of Shih, duke of Shao
(also [OMITTED]), Chou Kung's brother, and associate in the regency
during Ch'êng Wang's minority. Enfeoffed at Yen. Ancestor of
the Yen ducal house. SC XXXIV; BD 272; G 1680.

Shên Tao [OMITTED]. II, 10a. 68 (p. 66, note 8). Native of Chao.
Taoist philosopher. One of the scholars invited to Ch'i by king
Hsüan. Author of the Shên-tzŭ, a work listed in the Han
Bibliography. SC LXXIV; BD 1254.

Shih Huang [OMITTED]. IV, 5b. 113. Title of Chêng [OMITTED], first Emperor
of Ch'in. Often referred to as Ch'in [OMITTED]. SC VI; BD 827;
G. 1712.

Shih K'uang [OMITTED]. II, 7b. 60. Famous musician of the state of
Chin. G. 1717; BD 773.

Shu Mien [OMITTED]. II, 11a. 72 (note 8). Younger brother of
duke Hsüan [OMITTED] of Lu. Horrified at his brother's murder of the
rightful heir to the throne, he refused to the end of his days to
accept office. Ku-liang com. Hsüan XVII; BD 522.

Shu Tzŭ [OMITTED]. II, 7b. 60. See Kung Shu Tzŭ.

Shun [OMITTED]. I, 3a, 5a; II, 4a, 5a, 8b, 10a; IV, 2b, 4a, 6a, 8b;
9; 14; 44; 47; 52; 62; 67; 76; 108; 109; 116; 123. One of
the legendary Emperors. Also referred to as Yü [OMITTED]. Chu Shu
Chi Nien; Shu ching; SC I; ·G. 1741.

Shun-yü K'un [OMITTED]. II, 9b. 66. Ch'i scholar, contemporary
of Mencius. SC LXXIV. Identical with Ch'un-yü K'un, the
famous Ch'i wit, diplomat and drunkard. SC CXXVIII; BD 1009;
G 513.

Ssŭ-ma [OMITTED] [Hsiang-ju [OMITTED]]. IV, 2a. 102 (note 4). Great
poet of ancient China. Successfully dealt with the South-western
tribes, due to his knowledge of the country, as a native of Ssŭ-ch'uan.
Ch'ien-han-shu LVII ab.; G 1753; BD 184.

Ssŭ-ma Tzŭ [OMITTED] [[OMITTED]]. IV, 6b. 116. Ssŭ-ma Ch'ien. Author
of the first systematic history of China. Died soon after 85 B.C.
The YTL. quotation seems to be the earliest known mention of
the historian. Autobiography in SC CXXX. Cf. Chavannes, Mém.
hist., I; Ch'ien-han-shu LXII; G 1750; BD 186.

Su Ch'in [OMITTED]. II, 3b; IV 7a, 7b. 47 (note 2); 119; 120 (note 4);
121 (note 2). Politician of the Chan Kuo period. Advocated a
bloc of Six States to check the power of Ch'in. Assassinated in
Ch'i. Chan-kuo-ts'ê; SC LXIX; G 1775; BD 1779; (See Chang I).

Sun Ch'ing [OMITTED]. II, 10b. 68. Same as Hsün Ch'ing.

Sun-shu Ao [OMITTED]. I, 8a, IV, 7a. 22 (note 2); 118 (note 1).
Honest and frugal minister of king Chuang of Ch'u. SC CXIX;
G 1818; BD 754.

Ta-fu Chung [OMITTED]. II, 4a. 48. Minister Chung, title of Wên
[OMITTED] Chung. Concluded peace with Wu on behalf of Kou Chien,
and concentrated all his efforts upon revenge. After Yüeh's
victory over Wu, was calumnied and ordered to commit suicide
by the king, who sent him a sword as a sign to end his life.
BD 56; SC XLI.

T'ai Kung [OMITTED]. I, 10b; III, 2a, 2b; IV, 2b, 4ab, 6a. 30; 63;
85; 86; 104 (note 3); 109; 116. Title of [OMITTED] Lü Shang,
also known as Chiang Tzŭ-ya. Called T'ai Kung Wang [OMITTED]
"The Hope of T'ai Kung", by Wên Wang, who found him
fishing on the Wei river. A prophecy had been made to T'ai
Kung that a sage found thus would bring fortune to Chou.
Founder of the ducal house of Ch'i. Taoist saint (cf. legends in
the Fêng Shên Yen I). SC XXII; G 343; BD 1862; Chavannes,
Mém. hist., vol. IV.

T'ang [OMITTED]. I, 4a, 4b, 9ab; II, 10b, 11a; IV, 1b, 2a. 12; 13; 26;
28; 31; 69; 71; 101. See Ch'êng T'ang.

T'ang Mêng [OMITTED]. IV, 2a. 102 (note 4). Distinguished himself
under Wu Ti against the Southern Barbarians. On his own
request was sent to the Southwest, where he persuaded a number
of tribes to submit. Ch'ien-han-shu XCV; BD 740.

Tao Wang [OMITTED]. II, 1b. 42 (note 6). Hsiung-i [OMITTED], king of Ch'u,
401—381 B.C. Patron of Wu Ch'i. SC XL.

T'ao [OMITTED]. II, 6a. 56. Taken this to refer to Wei Jan [OMITTED] (cf.
Chang Chih-hsiang), who was enfeoffed at T'ao. May also refer
to T'ao Chu-kung or to the T'ao district. Cf. Wei.

T'ao Chu [OMITTED] [[OMITTED]]. IV, 2b, 4b. 103 (note 6); 109. Identified with
[OMITTED] Fan Li who, after his retirement from Yüeh, came to settle
at T'ao under the name of Chu. The prototype of the successful
capitalist. SC CXXIX; Ch'ien-han-shu XCI; G 540; BD 716.

Têng Shih [OMITTED]. I, 9b. 28 (note 7). Têng T'ung and his family.

Têng T'ung [OMITTED]. I, 9b. 28 (note 7). Wên Ti believed to recognize
in T'ung the man he saw in an auspicious dream, and attached
him to his person. T'ung was given the right to coin money from
some Ssŭ-ch'uan mines. Shorn of power by Ching Ti. SC CXXV;
Ch'ien-han-shu XCIII; BD 1557.

T'ien Ch'ang [OMITTED]. II, 6a. 55. Powerful minister of Ch'i who in
481 murdered duke Chien [OMITTED], and whose grandson founded a new
dynasty in Ch'i. SC XLVI; G 1915.

T'ien P'ien [OMITTED]. II, 10a. 68 (p. 66, note 8). Also Ch'ên [OMITTED]
P'ien, a scholar (of Taoistic tendencies) among the group flourishing
at the court of king Hsüan of Ch'i. BD 204; SC LXXIV.

T'ien Tsung [OMITTED]. II, 5b. 54. The powerful T'ien clan of Ch'i.
Growing exceedingly rich and strong during the Vth century, it
finally usurped all power and founded a new dynasty in 410 B.C.

T'ing-wei P'ing [OMITTED]. II, 12b. 76 (note 7) q. v. Probably
corruption of [OMITTED], "the former t'ing-wei Wang
P'ing". Ch'ien-han-shu VII, 1st yr. of Chao Ti's reign.

Tsang Wên [OMITTED]. II, 8b. 63 (note 1). Possibly Tsang Wên-chung
[OMITTED], posthumous title of Tsang-sun Ch'ên [OMITTED], minister of
Lu. Criticized by Confucius for not recognizing talent in his
subordinates. Lun-yü XV, xiii; BD 1373.

Tsao Fu [OMITTED]. II, 10a. 67 (p. 117, note 2). Famous charioteer
of Mu Wang. Ancestor of the house of Chao. SC XLIII; G 1992;
BD 1042.

Ts'ao ch'êng hsiang [OMITTED]. II, 8a. 61 (note 1). Chancellor
Ts'ao, Ts'ao Ts'an [OMITTED]. One of the closest associates of Han Kao Ti.
Succeeded Hsiao Ho [OMITTED] as Chancellor. Pursued a laissez faire
policy. SC LIV, Ch'ien-han-shu XXXIX; BD 989; G 2012.

Ts'ao Mo [OMITTED] [[OMITTED] ap. Tso-chuan] I, 13b. 38. A knight in the
service of duke Chuang of Lu. Though defeated three times in
battle with Ch'i, he succeeded by his bold action at the peace
conference to save the day for Lu. SC LXXXVI; G 2006; BD 897.

Tsêng Shên [OMITTED]. II, 5a; IV, 3a. 51; 104. Tzŭ Tzŭ Chu [OMITTED].
One of the famous and learned disciples of Confucius. Founder
of a school. The Hsiao-Ching, the Ta-Hsüeh and parts of the
Li-Chi are ascribed to him. Known also as [OMITTED]. SC LXVII;
G 2022; BD 1164.

Tsêng Tzŭ [OMITTED]. Cf. Tsêng Shên [OMITTED].

Tso-chiang [OMITTED]. IV, 2a. 102. [OMITTED] Hsün Chih. General
under Wu Ti. Took part in expeditions against the Hsiung Nu.
In 108 made "General of the Left" and sent against Korea together
with Yang P'u. Betrayed Yang and was himself executed on his
return after the conquest. SC CXI; BD 841.

Tsou Tzŭ [OMITTED]. II, 10b, 11a. 69 (note 7); 70. Tsou Yen [OMITTED],
philosopher and "naturalist" of the Chan Kuo period. Served the
princes of Ch'i, Wei, Yen. His "scientific" qualifications made
him comparatively successful in contrast to the "moral philosophers",
his contemporaries (Mencius et al.). Also written [OMITTED]. SC
LXXIV; G 2030; Lun Hêng; BD 1785.

Tu Chou [OMITTED]. II, 9b. 65. Assistant to Chang T'ang; Chief
Justice; Yü-shih ta-fu in 98 B.C. Extremely cruel, he incarcerated
thousands of men. His deputies and constables terrorized the
country. SC CXXII; Ch'ien-han-shu LX; BD 462—3.

Tuan Kan-mu [OMITTED]. IV, 5a. 111 (note 5). Pupil of Pu Tzŭ-hsia
[OMITTED]. One of the group of scholars who flocked to
Wei Wên-hou's court. BD 665; SC XLIV.

Tung-fang Hsien-shêng [OMITTED]. IV, 9a. 126. Respectful
reference to Tung-fang So, "Master", "Doctor", Tung-fang.

Tung-fang So [OMITTED]. IV, 9a. 125. Important official and scholar
at Wu Ti's court. Famous as a wit. His biography is overburdened
with Taoist legends. Reputed author of several books, all spurious.
SC CXXVI; Ch'ien-han-shu, LXV; BD 579; G 2093.

Tung-kuo Yen [OMITTED]. II, 9a. 65 (note 3). Obviously for Tung-kuo
Hsien-yang. Hsien-yang apparently gave much trouble to
copyists who mistook the two characters for the name of the city.
In this case the name of a comparatively well known personage
was substituted for Hsien-yang (cf. BD 580).

Tzŭ Cha [[OMITTED]] [OMITTED]. II, 11a. 72 (note 5). Also Chi Cha [OMITTED]
[OMITTED], son of prince Shou-mêng [OMITTED] of Wu. Declined to accept
the throne offered him by his father. He is one of the "pure
knights" of the Ch'un Ch'iu period. BD 557; G. 287.

Tzŭ-ch'an [OMITTED]. II, 2b. 43; 44. Appelation of Kung-sun Ch'iao
[OMITTED], famous minister and legislator of the state of Chêng.
Contemporary of Confucius. SC CXIX; G 1029; BD 36; Tso-chuan.

Tzŭ-ch'ih [OMITTED]. II, 11a. 72. Apparently another name of [OMITTED] O,
the murdered young son of duke Wên of Lu. Cf. Kung-yangchuan,
Wên XVIII, Ch'êng XV.

Tzŭ-hsü [OMITTED]. II, 4a. See Wu Yüan.

Tzŭ-kao [OMITTED]. II, 7b 59. Tzŭ of Shên Chu-liang [OMITTED],
official of Ch'u, who played a prominent part in the suppression
of troubles during the reign of king Hui [OMITTED] (488—432). As he
was approaching the capital, the people were "looking for him
as for a good year". The pacification achieved, he retired to Yeh,
his home. Tso-chuan, Ai XVI; BD 500.

Tzŭ-kung [OMITTED] or [OMITTED]. IV, 3b, 4b. 107; 109; 110. Tuan-mu
Tz'ŭ [OMITTED], disciple of Confucius, successful diplomat and
business man. One of the great capitalists of ancient China.
SC LXVII, CXXIX; Ch'ien-han-shu XCI; BD 1366; G 2083.

Tzŭ-lu [OMITTED]. II, 3b, 11b. 46; 73. See Chung Yu.

Tzŭ-shu [OMITTED] [[OMITTED]]. II, 8b. 63 (note 2). Most probably Tzŭ-shu
I [OMITTED] mentioned in Mencius II. ii. x. 6, an otherwise unknown
person, notorious for nepotism.

Tzŭ-ssŭ [OMITTED]. IV, 5a. 111. Either K'ung Chi or Yüan Hsien;
probably the latter.

Wang Chien [OMITTED]. II, 10ab. 67 (note 3); 68. King Chien, last
sovereign of Ch'i; 264—221 B.C. He offered a weak resistance
to Ch'in, and was ignominiously led into captivity. SC XLVI;
BD 1424.

Wang Tsang [OMITTED]. IV, 9a. 125 (note 4). Scholar and official
(lang-chung-ling [OMITTED]). Perished with Chao Wan. BD 141.

Wang Wên-shu [OMITTED]. II, 9b. 65 (note 6). Native of Yang-ling
[OMITTED]. A grave-robber in his youth, he entered the service of
Chang T'ang and soon distinguished himself by his merciless
execution of justice. SC CXXII; Ch'ien-han-shu XC; BD 133.

Wei [OMITTED]. IV, 4b. 110. The house of Wei, one of the powerful clans
of Chin, which founded the kingdom of Wei. Cf. Han [OMITTED].
SC XLIV.

Wei [OMITTED]. II, 6a. 56. Chang Chih-hsiang takes Wei as referring to
the Lord of Shang, i.e. Wei Yang. More probably it refers to
the district of Wei, which, together with T'ao, must have controlled
the trade on the lower Huang Ho.

Wei [OMITTED] [[OMITTED]]. II, 3a. 45. Viscount of Wei, title of K'ai [OMITTED], brother
of the wicked Emperor Chou of Shang. Remonstrated with him
in vain. Enfeoffed at Sung to perpetuate sacrifices to Shang. SC
XXVIII; Chu Shu Chi Nien; Shu-ching XI; G 2294; BD 1253.

Wei Ch'êng Tzŭ [OMITTED]. II, 7a. 58. Virtuous younger brother
of Wei Wên hou. SC XLIV.

Wei Fu-jên [OMITTED]. II, 11b. 73. The lady Wei. See Nan Tzŭ.

Wei Shêng [OMITTED]. II, 11a; IV, 7b. 71; 120 (note 2). Famous
example of blind loyalty. Also known as Wei Shêng-kao [OMITTED]
(to be distinguished from the Wei Shêng-kao of Lun-yü, V, xxiii).
Chuang-tzŭ XXIX; G 2290; BD 366.

Wei Wên hou [OMITTED]. IV, 5a. 111. Posthumous title of Ssŭ [OMITTED]
(or [OMITTED] acc. to the Shih-chi), marquis of Wei, 425—387 B.C.,
and first ruler of the Wei house after the break up of Chin.
Patron of scholars. SC XLIV; BD 1733—4.

Wên [OMITTED]. I, 9ab, 10b, 13b; II, 2a, 8b, 10b; IV, 9a. 26; 28;
37; 39; 43; 57; 70; 124. Wên Wang, q.v.

Wên Ti [OMITTED]. I, 9a; II, 1a. 28 (note 5); 41 (note 4). Hêng [OMITTED],
third Emperor of Han. One of the favorite Emperors of the Literati,
who extoll his virtues in contrast with Wu Ti's evil policies.
SC X; Ch'ien-han-shu IV; BD 1358; G 1298.

Wên Wang [OMITTED]. I, 13b; II, 6b, 9a. 37; 57; 63; 64. Ch'ang [OMITTED],
prince of Chou, and father of Wu Wang. One of the Confucian
"saints". SC IV; BD 531; G 2308; Chu Shu Chi Nien.

Wu [OMITTED]. I, 13b; II, 2a, 8b; IV, 9a, 1b, 2a. 39; 43; 70; 101;
124. Wu Wang [OMITTED] q.v.

Wu [OMITTED]. II, 5a. 51 (p. 28, note 6 q.v.) [OMITTED], Liu P'i prince
of Wu.

Wu Ch'i [OMITTED]. II, 2b; IV, 7a. 42, 118; 119. Famous warrior
who served in Lu, Wei and Ch'u. Supposed to be the author of
a military treatise the Wu-tzŭ where his conversations with Wu
hou [OMITTED] of Wei [OMITTED] are recorded. Murdered by conspirators on
the dead body of his patron, king Tao of Ch'u. SC LXV; G 2321;
BD 319.

Wu Ku [OMITTED]. I, 8a. 23. Po-li Hsi, known as "Five
Rams", having been once ransomed by duke Mu of Ch'in for
five sheep skins. See Po-li Hsi.

Wu Ti [OMITTED]. IV, 9b. 126. Ch'ê [OMITTED], Emperor of Han, 140—87 B.C.
See also Hsiao-wu Huang-ti and Hsien Ti. SC XII; Ch'ien-hanshu
VI; G 1276; BD 1358—9.

Wu Wang [OMITTED]. I, 13b. 38. Posthumous title of Fa [OMITTED], Wên
Wang's son and successor, first Emperor of the Chou dynasty.
One of the "San Wang", the Three Model Emperors, founders
of Dynasties. (1122—1116 [Standard chronology]; 1050—1044
[Bamboo Annals]). Shu-ching; SC IV; Chu Shu Chi Nien; BD 531;
G 2353.

Wu Wang [OMITTED]. I, 9b, 10b. 28 (note 6); 30. Liu P'i [OMITTED],
prince of Wu. He acquired great power through industrial activities
and finally led the revolt of the "Seven Princes" against the
central government. The coalition was defeated by Chou Ya-fu
and P'i slain. SC CVI; Ch'ien-han-shu XXV; BD 1488.

Wu Yüan [OMITTED]. II, 4a. 48. Tzŭ Tzŭ-hsü [OMITTED]. Hero of the
wars between Ch'u and Wu, dedicated to revenge against king
P'ing of Ch'u for the murder of his father and elder brother.
Through his efforts Wu was successful against Ch'u. Fu Ch'ai,
successor to Yüan's patron Ho Lu, forced him to commit suicide.
SC LXVI; BD 229; G 2358.

Yang Tzŭ [OMITTED]. IV, 3a. 105. The quotation ascribed to
this Yang Tzŭ is put, in Mencius, III, i, iii, into the mouth
of Yang Hu [OMITTED], also known as Yang Huo [OMITTED], a retainer
in the service of the Chi family of Lu, who rose to great power
and was for some time dictator. G 2382; BD 1212; SC XXXIII;
Lun-yü XVII, i.

Yao [OMITTED]. II, 2b, 4a, 6b, 8b, 11b; IV, 4b, 6a, 8b. 44; 47; 57;
62; 73; 76; 109; 116; 123. Legendary Emperor (2357—2258
[Standard chronology]; 2145—2045 [Bamboo Annals]). Also referred
to as T'ang [OMITTED], or T'ao T'ang [OMITTED]. Saintly ruler of
the "Golden Age". Shu-ching; SC I; Chu Shu Chi Nien; G 2426;
BD 739.

Yen Chao [OMITTED]. II, 4a, 8b, 9a. 62; 64. P'ing [OMITTED], king of
Yen, 311—279 B.C. Ascending the throne after Yen's defeat at
the hands of Ch'i, he concentrated all his efforts on improving
and strengthening the administration of his state. His generous
treatment of scholars is supposed to be referred to in some of
the Odes. SC XXXIV; BD 1586.

Yen Hui [OMITTED]. IV, 4b, 8a. 110 (note 1); 123. See Yen Yüan.

Yen Yüan [OMITTED]. IV, 2b, 3a, 4b, 8a. 104; 105; 110. Yen Hui,
favorite disciple of Confucius, one of the model worthies of ancient
China. Died in 483 at the early age of 32, his death greatly
affecting the Master. SC LXVII; G 2465; BD 1728.

Yin [OMITTED]. I, 9ab; II, 2ab, 4a. 26; 28; 43; 44; 48. The Yin or
Shang dynasty (1766—1122 [Standard chronology]; 1558—1050,
[Bamboo Annals]).

Yo I [OMITTED]. II, 4a. 48. General of the state of Yen in the Chan
Kuo period. Generalissimo of the united forces of the five states
in their campaign against Ch'i in 284. Calumniated before the
new king of Yen, he fled to Chao. SC LXXX; BD 1504; G 2502;
Chan-kuo-ts'ê.

Yu [OMITTED]. IV, 8a. 123. See Chung Yu.

Yü [OMITTED], I, 4a, 4b, II, 5a, 6b, 10a; III, 4b; IV, 1b. 12; 13; 17;
52; 67; 92; 100. Legendary founder of the Hsia dynasty (2205—
2197, [Standard chronology]; 1989—1981 [Bamboo Annals]).
Cultural hero. SC II; Shu-Ching; Chu Shu Chi Nien; G 1846;
BD 746.

Yü [OMITTED]. II, 12b. 57. Shun. Yü is variously explained as being
his dynastic designation, the name of his fief, or his family name.
Cf. Shu-Ching, Commentaries (Legge, Chi. Classics, v. III, p. 29, note).

Yü Kung [OMITTED]. IV, 5a. 111. Duke of the little state of Yü
who, disregarding the protests of the sage Kung Chih-ch'i, allowed
the armies of Chin to pass through his territory on their way

to Kuo, a state allied to Yü. His short-sighted policy led to his
state being swallowed by the aggressive Chin. BD 1320; Tso-chuan,
Hsi V (Legge, Chi. Classics, I, 145—6).

Yüan Hsien [OMITTED]. IV, 4b, 5a. 109; 110. Tzŭ Tzŭ-ssŭ [OMITTED],
also known as Yüan Ssŭ. Native of Lu (or of Sung). Disciple of
Confucius. He lived in poverty, but endured it with great fortitude.
SC LXVII; G 2547; BD 733.

Yüan Ang [OMITTED] or [OMITTED]. IV, 9a. 126. Indefatigable writer of
remonstrances, served at the Imperial Court and with the prince
of Wu. Great enemy of Ch'ao Ts'o, whose death he caused by
persuading the Emperor that Ch'ao alone was to blame for the
revolt of the princes. SC CI; Ch'ien-han-shu XLIX; G 2571;
BD 847.

Yüeh Wang [OMITTED]. II, 4a. 48. Kou Chien [OMITTED], king of Yüeh,
496—465 B.C., rival of the Wu princes. Defeated by Fu Ch'ai,
he spent years in preparations for another attack and, ably
assisted by the ta-fu Chung, he succeeded finally in overthrowing
Wu. SC XLI; G 982; BD 172.

B. GEOGRAPHICAL

Ch'ang-an [OMITTED]. IV, 2a. 102. Now Hsi-an-fu, Shen-hsi. Capital
of the Early Han Empire. The ancient city was situated a little
NW. of the modern hsien.

Chao [OMITTED]. I, 4b, 6b, 7a; II, 3a; III, 3b; IV, 5b, 6b, 7b. 12; 18;
19; 45; 89; 114; 116; 121. 1. Ancient state with its center
near modern Chao-ch'êng-hsien, Shan-hsi. 2. Large state of the
Chan Kuo period in S. part of Chih-li and N. part of Shan-hsi.
3. Kingdom under the Han comprising the Ch'in chün of Han-tan.

Ch'ao-hsien [OMITTED]. IV, 2a. 102 (note 12). Korea. See SC CXV.

Ch'ao Ko [OMITTED]. IV, 4a. 109. Capital of Chou Hsin. Modern
Ch'i-hsien, in Ho-nan.

Ch'ên [OMITTED]. IV, 8b. 123. Modern Ch'ên-chou, Ho-nan.

Chêng [OMITTED]. I, 6b; II, 5a; IV, 6b. 18; 53; 116. K'ai-fêng and
Chêng-chou region in Ho-nan. Chêng played an important role
at the beginning of the Ch'un Ch'iu period. Greatly weakened
by Ch'u, it was finally annexed by Han.

Chi [OMITTED]. I, 6b. 18. Important center in the old kingdom of Yen;
controlling passes through the Great Wall. Chih-li.

Chi[-hsia] [OMITTED]. II, 9b. 66 (note S). Name of a gate of the
capital city of Ch'i.

Ch'i [OMITTED]. I, 2b, 3b, 4b, 6ab; II, 3a, 5b, 9b, 10a; III, 2ab, 3b;
IV, 2a, 8a. 8; 11; 12; 16; 18; 33; 45; 54; 66; 67; 68; 82;
85; 89; 102; 104. Important feudal kingdom along the coast of
the Yellow Sea. Shan-tung. Center of Confucian traditions.

Chiang [OMITTED]. II, 4b. 51. The Yang-tzŭ River.

Chiang-nan [OMITTED]. I, 2b. 8. The bamboo-producing country S. of
the Chiang.

Chiang Hu [OMITTED]. I, 6b, 7a. 20. Rivers and lakes of the Yang-tzŭ
basin.

Ch'iang [OMITTED]. I, 5a; III, 4b. 14; 92. Barbarians of the W.;
Tibetan tribes.

Chiao Chih [OMITTED]. I, 7a. 20. Han chün established in 111 B.C.
Extreme S. of China, including parts of Annam.

Ch'ien-sh'êng [OMITTED]. II, 7b. 60. Chün and hsien under the Han.
N. of Kao-yüan-hsien, Shantung.

Chih [OMITTED]. I, 6b. 18. A city NW. of Ch'i-yüan, Ho-nan, controlling
an important pass into the uplands of Shan-hsi.

Chin [OMITTED]. II, 5a, 11a; IV, 3a, 5a, 5b, 31; 53; 71; 104; 111;
114. Leading state of the Ch'un Ch'iu period. Like Ch'in, it grew
at the expense of the outlying Barbarians.

Ch'in [OMITTED]. I, 8a, 9b, 13b; II, 1a,b, 2a,b, 3a,b, 4a, 5a, 10ab,
11a, 13b; III 1a; IV, 2a, 5a,b, 7a,b, 8b. 23; 28; 33; 39; 40;
41; 42; 43; 44; 46; 49; 53; 68; 71; 102; 112; 113; 121; 123.
1. The W. march of the Chou Empire 2. The important state
of the Ch'un Ch'iu and Chan Kuo periods. 3. First empire and
dynasty of united China. 4. Often, Ch'in Shih-huang-ti, first
Emperor of the Ch'in dynasty, 220—206 B.C.

Ching [OMITTED]. II, 9a. 65. Important river in Shen-hsi, affluent of
the Wei.

Ching [OMITTED]. I, 2b; II, 9a; IV, 2a. 8; 53; 64; 102. One of the
"Nine Chou". South of the Han (Erh Ya). Included Hu-nan, Hu-pei,
parts of Ssŭ-ch'uan, Kuei-chou and Kuang-tung. Another
name for the kingdom of Ch'u.

Ching Yang [OMITTED]. I, 6b. 18. Hu-pei or Middle and Lower
Yang-tzŭ valley.

Chiung [OMITTED]. I, 7b; IV, 2a. 21; 102. Small Barbarian state, with
its center SE. of modern Hsi-ch'ang-hsien, Ssŭ-ch'uan.

Cho [OMITTED]. I, 6b. 18. Han chün in modern Chih-li with center at
Cho-hsien.

Chou [OMITTED]. I, 6a, 7a, 8a. 16; 18; 20, 23. The territory properly
the old Imperial domain along the Lo, and on both banks of the
Yellow River within Ho-nan.

Chu [OMITTED]. II, 9b. 66. Small affluent of the Ssŭ.

Chü-ch'ü [OMITTED]. II, 5b. 54. The lake between Wu and Yüeh
(Erh Ya). The modern T'ai Hu [OMITTED].

Chü-yeh [OMITTED]. II, 5b. 54. Big marsh. Same as the Ta Yeh [OMITTED]
of the Yü Kung. N. of the hsien of the same name in Shan-tung.

Ch'ü [OMITTED]. I, 8a. 23 (note 6). Also 30; 32; 33. Probably the Lin-ch'ü
region [OMITTED] of Shantung, a salt producing district.

Ch'u [OMITTED]. I, 6b, 7a, 8a; II, 1b, 3a, 5b, 10ab; III, 2a, 3b, IV,
2a, 3a, 8a. 18; 19; 22; 33; 42; 45; 55; 64; 68; 85, 89; 102;
122. Ancient kingdom in the middle course of the Yang-tzŭ.
One of the strongest rivals of Ch'in, it was first to be restored
as an independent state after Ch'in's downfall.

Ch'u [OMITTED]. II, 4b, 5a. 51; 52. Han kingdom. Established by Kao
Ti and abolished by Hsüan Ti. Its center was at modern T'ungshan-hsien,
Chiang-su.

Ch'üan T'ai [OMITTED]. II, 13b. 78 (note 4). Tower in Lang [OMITTED],
NE. of Yü-t'ai. Shan-tung.

Ch'ui Chi [OMITTED]. IV, 5b. 111. Ancient locality in Chin, famous
for its gems.

Chung Kuo [OMITTED]. I, 1b, 2a, 5a, 7b; II, 12b; III, 3b, 4a; IV,
1ab. 3; 5; 76; 90; 99. China, as opposed to the Barbarians.
The central plain of China. The provinces of the interior [OMITTED],
contrasted to the marches.

Chung Shan [OMITTED]. I, 1a; II, 6a. 19; 56. Ancient state, modern
Ting-hsien, Chih-li. Han kingdom. Western part of modern Chinghai-tao,
Chih-li.

Ch'ung [OMITTED]. I, 13b. 37. Feudal state in Shen-hsi (Yin dynasty).

Chün [OMITTED] [and Kuo [OMITTED]]. 2; 9; 10. Provinces and demesnes. The
administrative divisions of the Early Han Empire. Cf. Wieger,
Textes hist., I, 332—335, and chart IX.

Erh Chou [OMITTED]. I, 6b. 18. Western and Eastern Chou: the first
with the capital at Hao Ching (near Hsi-an), the second at Lo-yang.
Also Kuan-chung [OMITTED] in this period.

Fêng [OMITTED]. I, 13b. 38. Residence of the first Chous. NW. of Hsian-fu.
Wên Wang moved his capital from Ch'êng [OMITTED] to Fêng
in the XXXth year of Chou Hsin (Chu Shu Chi Nien, vi.).

Han [OMITTED]. I, 6b, 7ab; IV, 4b. 18; 19; 20; 110. Kingdom of the
Chan Kuo period, carved out of the old Chin state. N. Ho-nan,
S. Shan-hsi.

Han [OMITTED]. I, 3c, 5c, 9b, 3b. 11; 15; 19; 28. The river Han and
its basin; also China as of the Han dynastic period (206, [202]
B.C.—220 A.D.).

Han-tan [OMITTED]. I, . 18. Capital of the old state of Chao.
Modern Kwang-p'ing-fu, Chih-li. Gateway to the NE. highway.

Hê [OMITTED]. 38. Cf. Man [OMITTED].

Ho pei [OMITTED]. II, 3a. 45. North of the Yellow River. The Ordos
and Mongolia.

Hsi Ho [OMITTED]. II, 1a, b. 41. (note 3); 42. The territory W. of
the Huang Ho which Ch'in conquered from Wei.

Hsieh [OMITTED]. II, 10b. 68. Ancient kingdom destroyed by Ch'i in the
Chan Kuo period. SW. of T'êng-hsien in Shan-tung.

Hsiung Nu [OMITTED]. I, 1b, 2a, 5a; II, 12b; IV, 2a. 3; 5; 14;
37; 38; 76; 101. See p. 74, note 1. The nomadic peoples of
the N. commonly identified with the Huns.

Hsüan Fang [OMITTED]. 1, 6a. 17 (note 4). Pavilion, built on the
dam by means of which the disastrous Huang Ho flood of 132
BC. was stopped (Cf. Chavannes, Mém. hist., III, p. 536).

Hu [OMITTED]. I, 5a; II, 12b; III, 4b; IV, 1ab, 2a. 14; 38; 39; 45;
92; 100; 101. Generic term for Barbarians, especially those of
the N.

Hu [OMITTED]. II, 10b. 70. N. part of Shan-hsi.

Huai [OMITTED]. II, 4b, 9a. 51; 65. The great river flowing through
Ho-nan and An-hui.

Huai pei [OMITTED]. II, 10b. 68. The country N. of the Huai River;
conquered by Ch'i from Ch'u, in the latter Chan Kuo period.

Huang [OMITTED]. I, 7a. 20. Hsien in Têng-chou, Shan-tung. Capital of
the ancient state of Lai.

Hung-mên [OMITTED]. IV, 7a. 119 and note 1.

I [OMITTED] I, 10a, 13a; II, 3a, 4a, 9a; IV, 2a. 29; 36; 37, 39; 45;
48; 102. Generic term for the Barbarians surrounding China.

Ju Han [OMITTED]. I, 5a. 14 (note 7). The basins of the Ju and
the Han rivers.

Kuei-chi [OMITTED]. II, 5a. 52. Chün and principality under the Han,
comprising E. part of Chiang-su and W. part of Chê-chiang.

Kuei-lin [OMITTED]. I, 5b, 6b. 15; 18. Chün established by Ch'in.
Comprised the modern Kuei-lin-tao and Ts'ang-wu-tao in Kuang-hsi.

K'un Shan [OMITTED]. I, 5b 7b. 15; 21. K'un Lun mountains.

Kuo [OMITTED]. IV, 5b. 114. Ancient state, occupying the present P'inglu-hsien,
Shan-hsi.

Kuo [OMITTED] [and Chün [OMITTED]]. Cf. Chün [OMITTED].

Lai [OMITTED]. I, 7a. 20. Ancient Barbarian state in Têng-chou, Shantung.
By Lai Huang, the N. coast of Shan-tung is apparently meant.

Li-ch'iu [OMITTED]. II, 10b. 70. Ancient locality near modern Yü-hsien
in Ho-nan. In Confucius' time, part of Ch'ên.

Li Shan [OMITTED]. I, 4a; IV, 4a. 12; 108. Mountain near I-[OMITTED]
ch'êng, Shan-hsi, where Shun farmed.

Liang [OMITTED]. I, 7a; II, 10b. 19; 20; 70. Another name of the Chan
Kuo state of Wei (from its capital Ta Liang [OMITTED], modern
K'ai-fêng-hsien).

Lin T'ao [OMITTED]. IV, 2a. 102. The important locality near modern Min-
[OMITTED] hsien, Kan-su. Gateway to the West. Connection between
this Lin T'ao and the conquest of Korea is not apparent.

Lin Tsê [Tzŭ] [OMITTED]. I, 6b; II, 10a. 18; 67. Important city in
Shan-tung. Capital of the kingdom of Ch'i.

Ling Yang [OMITTED]. I, 6b. 19. Mountain near Hsüan-ch'êng-hsien,
An-hui.

Lu [OMITTED]. I, 6a, 7a, 11a; II, 9b, 10a; IV, 8a. 16; 20; 31; 66;
68; 79; 114. Ancient kingdom in Shan-tung; occupied the territory
from Yen-chou to T'êng-hsien and Ssŭ-shui-hsien.

Lun T'ai [OMITTED]. IV, 1b. 100. Under the Han, a Chinese colony
in modern Hsin-chiang. Identified with the present Bugur.

Lung [OMITTED]. I. 2b, 7a. 8; 20. W. part of Shen-hsi and part of E.
Kan-su.

Lü [Chiu] [OMITTED]. II, 10a. 67. Modern Lü-hsien in Shan-tung.

Lü Liang [OMITTED]. I, 10b. 30. The Lung Mên gorge on the Huang Ho.

Mai [OMITTED]. 76. Cf. Man [OMITTED].

Man [OMITTED]. I, 10a; II, 12b. 29; 76. Term generally applied to S.
Barbarians or Aborigines.

Mêng Ching [OMITTED]. I, 6a. 17 (note 6). Important ford on the
Huang Ho, S. of modern Mêng-hsien, Ho-nan.

Mêng-chu [OMITTED]. II, 5b. 54; 55. One of the big marshes of the
Empire. NE. of Shang-ch'iu-hsien, Ho-nan.

O-pang [OMITTED]. II, 13b. 80 (note 1). Famous palace built by
Ch'in Shih Huang-ti some 30 li W. of Hsi-an-fu.

Ou-lo [OMITTED]. IV, 2a. 102. Tribes of Southern China and Annam
(Cf. SC CXIII).

Pa [OMITTED]. II, 6a; IV, 2a. 56; 102. Ancient kingdom and Han chün
in Ssŭ-ch'uan. Modern Chia-ling-tao and Tung-ch'uan-tao.

P'an Hsi [OMITTED]. II, 9a. 64 (note 5). Small river in Shen-hsi,
affluent of the Wei.

Pao [OMITTED]. I, 5b. 15. Same as [OMITTED], capital of Ch'êng T'ang. Modern
Shang-ch'iu, Ho-nan.

P'êng Ch'ih [OMITTED]. IV, 7a. 118. Same as Mien [OMITTED] (or [OMITTED]) Ch'ih
(So-yin Commentary to SC LXVIII). a hsien in Ho-nan-fu, Ho-nan.

San Chin [OMITTED]. II, 10a; IV, 5b. 68; 113. Han, Wei and Chao,
the three states of the Chan Kuo period, after the break-up
of Chin.

San Ch'uan [OMITTED]. I, 6b. 18. "The Three Rivers", for the Western
Chou: the Ching, Wei, and Lo rivers; for the Eastern Chou:
the I, Lo and Yellow rivers. Synonym for "Metropolitan district".

San Fu [OMITTED]. III, 1b. 83. The "Metropolitan district", corresponding
to the modern Kuan-chung-tao, Shen-hsi.

Shan-shui [OMITTED]. I, 12ab. 34; 35. As a place name, not identified.

Shan tung [OMITTED]. I, 4b, 9b; II, 4b. 16; 28; 51. East of the
mountains (the T'ai-hang range). Modern Shan-tung and S. Chih-li.

Shang [OMITTED]. II, 3b. 46. The modern Shang-chou [OMITTED] in Shen-hsi.
Cf. Yü Shang [OMITTED].

Shang-ts'ai [OMITTED]. IV, 7a. 119 (note 2). Modern Shang-ts'ai, or
Hsin-ts'ai, in Ho-nan. Shang Yang's birthplace.

Shih-ku [OMITTED]. I, 12a. 35. "Stone-drums", a name not identified.

Shih-pi [OMITTED] [also given as [OMITTED]]. IV, 2a, 2b. 101; 103; 104.
The expression may indicate simply waste lands, desert [OMITTED]

Shu [OMITTED]. I, 2b, 3b, 7a, 9b; IV, 2a. 8; 11; 19; 20; 28; 102.
Ancient kingdom and a Han chün. Ssŭ-ch'uan W. of the Ko-chien
[OMITTED] pass, including the Ch'êng-tu district.

Shuo-fang [OMITTED]. I, 2a; IV, 2a. 5; 102. 1. The Northern marches
of the Empire. 2. A Han chün established by Wu Ti; the Ordos
country.

Ssŭ [OMITTED]. II, 9b, 10a. 66; 68. Anciently an important river in
Shan-tung, affluent of the Huai. In the Ch'un Ch'iu period, it was
the chief artery of intercourse between the petty Shan-tung states.

Sui [OMITTED]]. I, 7a. 20. Ancient state. NW. of Tê-an in Hu-pei
(modern Sui-hsien). Sui and T'ang having been the most important
feudal kingdoms in the Eastern basin of the Han, their names
remained to designate that region. Famous timber lands.

Sung [OMITTED]. I, 7a; II, 5b, 10ab. 19; 20; 54; 68; 70. Ancient kingdom
with its center near Shang-ch'iu-hsien, Ho-nan, and extending
into Chiang-su.

Ta-tsê [OMITTED]. IV, 8a. 123 (note 3). Ch'in-hsiang near Chi [OMITTED],
An-hui.

Tai [OMITTED]. II, 10b; III, 5b. 70; 95. Roughly the modern Yen-mêntao.
Shan-hsi.

T'ai Shan [OMITTED]. IV, 5a, 6ab. 112 (note 8); 114; 115; 116.
Famous mountain N. of Tai-an, Shan-tung.

Tan-chang [OMITTED]. I, 7a. 20. A chün called [OMITTED] in Wu
Ti's time; the modern Hsüan-ch'êng, An-hui.

T'ang [OMITTED]. I, 7a, 8a. 20; 23. Ancient state, vassal of Ch'u. W. of
Tê-an in Hu-pei.

T'ao [OMITTED]. I, 3b. 11. Modern Ting-t'ao-hsien, in Shan-tung.

Ti [OMITTED]. I, 7a. 39. Aboriginal tribes occupying the plateaux and
slopes of Shan-hsi. Cf. Maspero, La Chine Antique, 5—11, for a
description of these peoples and kindred tribes.

Tsao-yang [OMITTED]. IV, 2a, 2b. 101; 103; 104. Modern Huai-laihsien,
Chih-li.

Ts'ao [OMITTED]. I, 7a. 20. Ancient state. Modern Ts'ao-chou, Shan-tung.

Tso [OMITTED]. I, 7b; IV, 2a, 21; 102 (note 7). Barbarian state in Ssŭ-ch'uan,
modern Han-yüan-hsien.

Tsou [OMITTED]. I, 7a; II, 10a. 20; 68. Chan Kuo state, same as Chu [OMITTED]
of the Ch'un Ch'iu period. Modern Tsou-hsien, Shan-tung.

Tung 'Chou [OMITTED]. IV, 9a. 124. "Eastern Chou", with its capital
at Lo-yang.

Tung Hai [OMITTED]. I, 1b; II, 5a. 21; 52. 1. The Eastern Sea.
2. Han chün and principality, comprising parts of Shan-tung and
Chiang-su, and with its center at T'an-hsien, Shan-tung.

Tung Yüeh [OMITTED]. IV. 2a. 102. Barbarian kingdom, with its center
at Min-hou-hsien, Fu-chien. Conquered by Wu Ti. SC CXIV.

Wan-ch'iu [OMITTED]. I, 6b. 18. Capital of Ch'ên; the modern Ch'ên-chou.

Wei [OMITTED]. I, 6b; II, 13b; III, 3b; IV, 5a. 18; 46; 89; 110; 111.
The territory of the ancient kingdom of Wei, one of the "Three
Chin", N. of Ho-nan and S.W. of Shan-hsi.

Wei [OMITTED]. I, 7a; II, 9b, 11b. 19; 20; 66; 72; 73. Ancient state
from Ta-ming-fu, Chih-li, to Huai-ch'ing, Shan-hsi.

Wei Mai [OMITTED]. IV, 2a. 103. Tribes of Manchuria and N. Korea.

Wên [OMITTED]. I, 6b. 18. Important city on the highway from the Shan-hsi
uplands to Ho-nan; modern Huai-ch'ing-fu, Ho-nan.

Wu [OMITTED]. I, 7a, 8a, 9b; II, 4ab, 11a. 20; 23; 30; 48; 51; 52; 72.
1. Ancient kingdom covering half of Chiang-su and parts of Chê-chiang.
2. Han kingdom comprising chiefly the Tang-yang and
Yü-chang districts.

Yang [OMITTED]. I, 2b. 8. One of the "Nine Chou". S. of the Chiang
(Erh Ya), Chiang-hsi, Fu-chien, and Chê-chiang.

Yang Chai [OMITTED]. I, 6b. 18. Important city in Chêng. Capital of
Han [OMITTED]. Modern Yü-hsien in Ho-nan.

Yen [OMITTED]. I, 2b. 8. One of the "Nine Chou". Between the Ch'i
and the Ho (Erh Ya). Comprised parts of Shan-tung and Chih-li.

Yen [OMITTED]. I, 2b, 6b, 11b; II, 3a, 4a, 8b, 9a, 10a; IV, 2a. 8; 18;
33; 45; 48; 62; 64; 67; 102. Ancient kingdom. N. Chih-li.
Extended its territory into S. Manchuria.

Yen-ling [OMITTED]. II, 11a. 72. Modern Wu-chin-hsien in Chiang-su.
Fief of Chi Cha of Wu.

Yen Shan [OMITTED]. I, 4a. 12. Also Yen [OMITTED]; more correctly
Chuang [OMITTED] Shan. A copper mountain in Shu (N. of modern
Jung-ching-hsien, Ssŭ-ch'uan). In the Hou Han period, the character
[OMITTED] (taboo as being the personal name of Ming Ti) was changed
to Yen.

Ying Ch'iu [OMITTED]. III, 2a. 85. The original fief of T'ai Kung.
Center of the Ch'i kingdom. Identified with the later Lin Tzê.

Yu Tu [OMITTED]. I, 7a. 20. 1. "The dark North", Hyperborea. 2. An
ancient locality identified with modern Wan-p'ing-hsien, Chih-li.

Yung [OMITTED]. I, 9b. 28. One of the "Nine Chou", comprising Kan-su
and Shen-hsi.

Yung [Jung] Yang [OMITTED]. I, 6b. 19. Important gateway on the
Yellow River; K'ai-fêng-fu, Ho-nan.

Yü [OMITTED]. IV, 5b. 114. A small state of the Ch'un Ch'iu period.
Identified with Yü-ch'êng in the P'ing-lu district, Shan-hsi.

Yü [OMITTED]. I, 2b. 8. One of the "Nine Chou". S. of the Ho (Erh Ya).
Comprised Ho-nan and parts of Hu-pei, Chihli, and Shan-tung.

Yü Shang [OMITTED]. II, 3b. 46. The fief which Shang Yang received.
It included the region from Nei-hsiang, Ho-nan, to Shang-hsien,
Shen-hsi. [The [OMITTED] after [OMITTED] in the text is apparently a mistake.
[OMITTED] was often taken for a preposition (at, in). [OMITTED] was the
capital city of Wei, captured by Ch'in. It is improbable that
Shang Yang would have received it as a fief].

Yüan [Wan] [OMITTED]. I, 6a. 16. Capital of the Nan-yang [OMITTED] chün,
modern Nan-yang, Ho-nan.

Yüeh [OMITTED]. II, 7a; J, 4a, 5b. 20; 39; 48; 54; 100; 102. 1. Ancient
kingdom (Chiang-hsi and Chê-chiang). 2. Tribes of the SE.
and S. [I, 13a, 36. III, 46; 92].

Yün-mêng [OMITTED]. II, 5b. 54; 55. The lake country S. of modern
Yün-mêng-hsien in Hu-pei.

Yün-yang [OMITTED]. IV, 7a. 118 (note 4). NW. of Ch'un-hua-hsien,
Shen-hsi.