Han shih wai chuan :: :: University of Virginia Library

Han shih wai chuan

Han Ying's Illustrations of the didactic application of the Classic of songs

Han, Ying

[title page]

II.

III.

IV.

VI.

VII.

VIII.

IX.

TABLE OF UNUSUAL ORTHOGRAPHIES

FINDING LIST

INDEX OF PROPER NAMES

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7[1]

Marquis Ch`êng and Duke Ssŭ were princes who collected
imposts and made surveys;[2] they did not get so far as to attract

the people.[3] Tzŭ-ch`an was one who attracted the people, but he
did not get so far as to govern them.[4] Kuan Chung governed them,
but he did not get so far as to regulate li. Truly he who regulates
li is a true king; he who governs is strong; he who attracts the
people is at ease; he who collects imposts is lost. Hence collecting
imposts is to summon bandits,[5] and accumulating property is to
enrich one's enemies. This is the way to endanger one's self and
lose one's state: the intelligent ruler does not follow it. If [the
prince] will reform ritual (li) to regulate the court, rectify the
laws to regulate the officials, and stabilize the government to
regulate the lower classes,[6] then after that the rhythm [of li and i][7]
will be adjusted in the court, the rules and regulations will be
rectified among the officials; while loyalty, honesty, love, and
gain will appear[8] among the lower classes. In this way the people
[come to] love him as their father and mother and to be in awe
of him as they are of spiritual beings.[9] By these means his transforming
virtue fills the world, and prosperity and happiness revert
to the nobles. The Ode says,[10]

Blessing is sent down in large measure;
Careful and exact[11] is all our deportment;
We have drunk, and we have eaten, to the full;
Our happiness and dignity will be prolonged.

[1]

Condensed from two separate passages in Hsün-tzŭ: 5.4b-5a (Dubs 126-7) and
4.5a (Dubs 95).

[2]

I.e., as a preliminary to taxation. [OMITTED], lit. "to enumerate, calculate"; cf.
HSWC 2/27: [OMITTED], and especially Kuan-tzŭ 2.4b: [OMITTED].
[OMITTED] "Do not neglect the yield of the land. In reckoning
the amount, the important part must be derived from [previous] estimates.

[3]

[OMITTED]. I follow Yang Liang, who says it means "to get the people's hearts"
[OMITTED]. Yü Yüeh (Chu-tzŭ p`ing-i 3.1b) disagrees and thinks [OMITTED] "govern,"
but such an interpretation destroys the distinction made in the next sentence.

[4]

Cf. Mencius 317 (4B/2.2).

[5]

[OMITTED]: both Chou and CHy would emend [OMITTED] to [OMITTED] as in Hsün-tzŭ. Several
lines from Hsün-tzŭ have been omitted before this sentence.

[6]

For [OMITTED] D has [OMITTED], and [OMITTED] for [OMITTED]. Hsün-tzŭ 4.5a begins with this sentence.

[7]

With Chao Yu-wen (109) supply [OMITTED] before [OMITTED] as in the similar line in
HSWC 6/23.

[8]

Yang Liang defines [OMITTED] as [OMITTED] hsien "to appear."

[9]

Cf. Tso chuan 466 (Hsiang 14): "Then the people will maintain their ruler, love
him as a parent, look up to him as the sun and moon, revere him as they do spiritual
Beings, and stand in awe of him as of thunder."

[10]

Shih 579 No. 274/4.

[11]

[OMITTED]: Ch`ên Ch`iao-ts`ung (I-shuo k`ao 15.9a) gives [OMITTED] as the Han shih reading. (Chao.)