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27[1]

Duke Ai asked Tzŭ-hsia, "Is it necessarily true that only after
study one can keep a state at peace and protect the people?"

Tzŭ-hsia said, "There has never been such a thing as keeping
a state at peace and protecting the people without having studied."

Duke Ai said, "Did the Five Emperors then have their
teachers?"

Tzŭ-hsia said, "I have heard that Huang-ti studied under
T`ai-chên.[2] Chuan-hsü studied under Lu T`u.[3] The Emperor K`u
studied under Ch`ih Sung-tzŭ.[4] Yao studied under Wu-ch`êng
Tzŭ-fu. Shun studied under Yin Shou.[5] Yŭ studied under Hsi-wang
Kuo.[6] T`ang studied under Tai Tzŭ-hsiang.[7] King Wên
studied under Hsi-ch`ou Tzŭ-ssŭ.[8] King Wu studied under T`aikung.
The Duke of Chou studied under Kuo Shu.[9] Chung-ni
studied under Lao Tan. Had these eleven sages not met with
these teachers, it would not have been possible for their accomplishments[10]


186

to appear in the empire, or for their names to be
transmitted to later generations."

The Ode says,[11]

Erring in nothing, forgetful of nothing,
Observing and following the old statutes.
 
[1]

Hsin hsü 5.1a-b seems to derive from this paragraph. LSCC 4.5a-4a is similar in
intention, but includes a longer list of famous teachers.

[2]

For [OMITTED] read one of the following variants: [OMITTED] with TPYL 404.1a, Han shu
20.12a, or [OMITTED] with Hsin hsü. (CHy.)

[3]

For [OMITTED] Hsin hsü has [OMITTED]. (Chou.)

[4]

LSCC has [OMITTED] Po-chao.

[5]

Hsin hsü reverses [OMITTED] and [OMITTED], and has [OMITTED] for [OMITTED]. Hsün-tzŭ 19.3b has [OMITTED]
[OMITTED]. Han shu 2.7a says Yin-shou was Yao's teacher, and Chou
thinks HSWC has interchanged [OMITTED] and [OMITTED]. LSCC has [OMITTED].

[6]

[OMITTED]. Chou says this may have been a sage of the Western Ch`iang [OMITTED]
[OMITTED], among whom Yü was supposed to have been born. LSCC has [OMITTED] Ta-ch`êng
Chih.

[7]

[OMITTED]. Hsin hsü has [OMITTED] Wei-tzŭ-po; LSCC has [OMITTED].

[8]

Hsin hsü has [OMITTED] Chiao-shih for [OMITTED].

[9]

Hsin hsü interchanges Kuo-shu and T`ai-kung. (Chou.)

[10]

Read [OMITTED] with CHy for [OMITTED].

[11]

Shih 482 No. 249/2.