Grammatical Sketch of Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache Originially published by University of Chicago Press, © 1938, All rights reserved. |
20. Proclitics and Enclitics |
Grammatical Sketch of Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache | ||
20. Proclitics and Enclitics
Proclitics and enclitics are bound forms which may be added to words of any form class. The commoner proclitics are as follows: dáá- 'just, only, alone', doo-, always used with the enclitic -da to express the negative, dásí- , an intensifier, 'very much, exceedingly'.
Enclitics are more numerous and may be divided into three groups: postpositional enclitics, relative enclitics, and tense-modal enclitics. Examples: -ee 'at, in, on', -shíͅ 'from', - í relative enclitic referring to things, actions and collectivities, -ń relative enclitic referring to persons, -ne 'people of ... group' , -n past tense, - go subordinating enclitic, -ná'a narrative enclitic.
Grammatical Sketch of Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache | ||