University of Virginia Library

MEDICAL DEPARTMENT.

                       

JOHN W. MALLET, M. D., Ph. D., LL. D., F. R. S.,	Professor of Chemistry.
WILLIAM B. TOWLES, M. D.,	Professor of Anatomy and Materia Medica.
WILLIAM C. DABNEY, M. D.,	Prof. of Obstet., Gynœcol. and Practice.
PAUL B. BARRINGER, M. D.,	Professor of Physiology and Surgery.
ALBERT H. TUTTLE, M. D.,	Professor of Biology.
WILLIAM G. CHRISTIAN, M. D.,	Demonstrator of Anatomy.
ADDISON W. GREENWAY, M. D.,	Assistant Demonstrator of Anatomy.
R. EDMOND DIXON, M. D.,	Assistant Demonstrator of Anatomy.
HUGH T. NELSON, M D.,	Instructor in Clinical Surgery.
REUBEN M. SEARCY, A. B.,	Instructor in Chemistry.
CHARLES R. L. FINDLAY	Instructor in Chemistry.
CHARLES P. SIGERFOOS, B. S.,	Instructor in Biology.

General Course of Studies in the Medical Department.—The
session of the Medical Department continues through the full nine
months of the University session. The studies included in the Medical
course are as follows: Chemistry, Anatomy, Histology, Bacteriology,
Physiology, Medical Jurisprudence, Materia Medica, Hygiene, Surgery,
Obstetrics, Gynæcology, and Practice of Medicine.

These studies are arranged for a two years' course and are pursued in
the following order:

During the first session (of nine months): Chemistry, Anatomy,
Normal Histology, Bacteriology, Physiology, and Medical Jurisprudence.

During the second session (of nine months): Materia Medica, Surgery,
Hygiene, Obstetrics, Gynæcology, Practice of Medicine, and
Practical Pathology.

Relations of the Student in the Second Year.—Students who
pass a satisfactory examination on the subjects studied during the first
session are not required to attend the lectures or stand the written examinations
on these subjects the second year; but if a student fails to
pass a satisfactory examination at the regular time on one or more of
the subjects included in the first year's course, he will be permitted to
take such subject or subjects over during the second year, without the

payment of any additional fee, and if he passes a satisfactory examination
on these subjects, as well as those of the second session, he
will be permitted to graduate at the close of that session.

Requisites for Graduation.—No student is permitted to graduate
from the University of Virginia with the degree of Doctor of Medicine
till he shall have attended the regular two years' course in this
institution and passed a satisfactory examination on all the subjects included
in the Medical course, unless he shall have attended one course
of lectures of nine months, or two courses of less than nine months
each in some other reputable medical school, in which case he may
apply for graduation at the end of his first session in this institution;
but in order to obtain the degree he must pass a satisfactory examination
at this University on all the subjects heretofore mentioned as included
in the Medical course.

Certificates of Attendance.—No student will receive a certificate
as a member of the Medical Department of the University unless he
has attended the whole regular course of the first or second year.

Methods of Instruction and Examinations.—The instruction is
given by systematic lectures, daily oral and periodical written examinations
with associated practical work in Anatomy, Histology, Bacteriology,
and Pathology.

The daily oral examinations on the subject of the previous lectures
are of great value in stimulating the student to regular and systematic
habits of study and furnishing the Professor an opportunity of discovering
and removing difficulties met with by the student. The graduating
examinations, held near the close of the session, are in writing
and of a rigorous character.

Besides these there is a general oral examination prior to graduation
(at the close of the session) on all the different branches on which the
student has passed during either that session or some preceding one.
This is intended to test the permanent acquisition of such general
knowledge as every practitioner of medicine should possess.

Clinical Instruction.—A free Dispensary and Cottage Hospital are
now in operation near the University, and Clinics are held there three
times a week, to which second course students are admitted. In recognition
of the impossibility of giving practical instruction by the ordinary

clinical lectures, the class is divided into sections, so that each
student may have the opportunity of examining patients for himself
under the guidance of the teacher.

The courses of instruction in the several Schools of the Department
are as follows:

SCHOOL OF GENERAL CHEMISTRY.

Professor Mallet.

In this School the students are taught Chemical Physics and the
principles of Chemistry; and their attention is directed, whenever an
occasion presents itself, to the application of chemical principles to the
practice of Medicine, Therapeutics, Toxicology, and Sanitary Science.

Text-books.—Fownes's Chemistry, Syllabus of the Professor's Lectures. For
Reference.—Charles's Physiological and Pathological Chemistry; Wormley's
Micro-Chemistry of Poisons.

SCHOOL OF ANATOMY AND MATERIA MEDICA.

Professor Towles.

Anatomy.—The instruction in Descriptive, Surgical and Topographical
Anatomy is given by didactic lectures combined with the
course of Practical Anatomy as taught in the Dissecting Hall. The
endeavor throughout is to render the teaching as completely practical
as possible; no statement is made that is not illustrated by its exhibition,
either on the actual dissection or on the preparation of a dissection, the
effort being to convey knowledge in the so-called natural method—that
is, by mental imagery formed by repeated observations of nature. This
is accomplished by exhibiting to the student and requiring him to
handle the dissected parts and preparations made therefrom. The
equipment of the School for this purpose is most ample.

For the course in Practical Anatomy, dissecting material obtained
under the permissive law of the State is abundantly supplied without
cost to the student. Attendance in the dissecting-room is compulsory,
a strict record being kept in the case of each student. Besides the oral
examination which precedes each lecture, and the other examinations
to be mentioned hereafter, each student is required to stand eight practical
examinations—one upon osteology, one upon the ligaments, four

upon different parts of the muscular system, one on the viscera, and
one on the vessels and nerves. These examinations are oral and private,
each student being examined alone. They consist of the identification
of the truths of anatomy on the bones, the cadaver, and the dissected
cadaver, and are thus a perfect test of the student's acquaintance with
the gross structure of the human body.

Materia Medica and Therapeutics.—Particular stress is laid upon
physiological action and rational therapeutical application of drugs.
The physical properties of drugs are taught by requiring the student
to learn them from specimens, a complete collection being provided,
which contains specimens both of all the crude drugs and of all their
preparations, which have been dealt with in the lectures.

Text-books.—Bruce's Materia Medica and Therapeutics; United States Pharmacopœia,
or Index of Materia Medica. The student should provide himself with
a disarticulated skull. Specimens of the other bones are loaned from the University
collection.

SCHOOL OF PHYSIOLOGY AND SURGERY.

Professor Barringer.

In Physiology the entire work of the School is designed with
especial reference to its practical bearings on the subsequent study of
Pathology and Therapeutics. The lectures on Embryology are not
given until students are well advanced in Anatomy, and can, therefore,
more fully appreciate their bearings. In the elucidation of these subjects,
the large collection of plates belonging to the Department is
supplemented by original preparations and models.

Text-book.—Landois's Physiology.

In Hygiene the chemical and bacterial contamination of water, food,
air and soil first engages the attention of the student. With these facts
before him he next takes up the natural history of the contagious and
infectious diseases, their modes of propagation and methods of prevention.
Instruction is also given in the proper location and construction
of habitations, hospitals, barracks, etc., stress being laid upon the
modern methods of heating, ventilating and draining.

Text-book.—Rohe's Text-book of Hygiene.

In Surgery the first aim is to ground the student thoroughly in the
principles and technique of modern aseptic surgical procedure. Especial
attention is then given to the causation and pathology of the

various surgical affections. All amputations and ligations are shown
upon the cadaver, and the lectures are illustrated by numerous paintings
and morbid specimens. The application of splints, bandages, and apparatus
for different fractures is taught to the class in sections.

Text-books.—Roberts's Modern Surgery, Ziegler's Pathology, Senn's Principles
of Surgery.

SCHOOL OF PRACTICE OF MEDICINE.

Professor Dabney.

In this School are taught Medical Jurisprudence, Obstetrics, Gynæcology,
and Practice of Medicine.

In Medical Jurisprudence the student is instructed in the principles
of the science, and is taught how to apply these principles when
he is summoned as a witness in a court of law.

In Obstetrics instruction is given by lectures, and the mechanical
principles involved in the study are explained and illustrated by the
use of suitable preparations and models. The student is drilled in this
part of the subject during the early part of the course, and attention is
subsequently called to the diseases and accidents incident to pregnancy
and the puerperal state. Each student is also taught practically the
various manipulations, both manual and instrumental.

In Gynæcology instruction is given by lectures and recitations, with
practical instructions in the details of ordinary gynæcological work.

In Practice of Medicine especial attention is given to the principles
of the subject, the aim being to instruct the students as thoroughly
as possible in the causation of diseases and the morbid changes which
occur in the different tissues. The lectures are illustrated by morbid
specimens, both coarse and microscopic, and each student has the opportunity
of examining the specimens for himself. Each student furthermore
is taught the method of making a physical examination of a
patient, and is required to learn, by actual examination, under the
supervision of the Professor, the normal appearances and sounds in the
different regions of the body and over the different organs. Practical
instruction in Pathology and Morbid Anatomy is given in the Laboratory.

Text-books.—Reese's Medical Jurisprudence and Toxicology; Playfair's Midwifery
(last edition); Strümpell's Practice of Medicine; Abstract of the Professor's
Lectures on Practice; Page's Physical Diagnosis; Green's Pathology; Lewer's
Diseases of Women.

SCHOOL OF BIOLOGY.

(HISTOLOGY AND BACTERIOLOGY).

Professor Tuttle.

Normal Histology is taught by lectures accompanied by practical
work in the laboratory, which is amply equipped for the purpose.
The class is divided into working sections of thirty, that number of
desks being provided with microscopes, accessory apparatus, and all
necessary reagents. The primary object of the course is to make the
student practically familiar with the normal appearance and characteristics
of the structural elements of the body, their groupings into tissues,
and the disposition and relations of the latter as making up the
various organs of the body. As a means to this end students are carefully
trained in the use of the microscope and as much as practicable
in histological technique.

The accuracy and readiness of the knowledge acquired is tested for
each student by individual practical examination, in which he is required
to name and describe at sight preparations of tissues and sections
of organs submitted to him, together with the usual written examination.

Text-book.—Klein's Elements of Histology.

Bacteriology is taught in a similar manner, by lectures and practical
work in the laboratory. It is the object of the course to give to students
a clear idea of the biology of the bacteria; their affinities as plants,
their structure, and their physiology being considered as a basis for
the further discussion of their economic relations, their action as causes
of disease, and the methods resorted to for their manipulation. The
various processes of bacteriological technique are fully illustrated and
demonstrated in the laboratory. The work of the students comprises
special practice in those processes which are of peculiar value to the
practitioner as a means of diagnosis.

Text-book.—Abbott's Principles of Bacteriology.

EXPENSES.

The separate fees charged when students pursue an elective, instead
of the regular course are as follows:

                     

Chemistry	$25
Anatomy	30*
Materia Medica	15
Physiology	20
Medical Jurisprudence	15
Anatomy and Materia Medica	35*
Physiology and Surgery	25
Practice of Medicine	25
Medical Biology	25*
Practical Pharmacy	20*
The courses marked with * include the charge for laboratory material.

The necessary expenses of a student in the regular courses of the
Medical Department for the session of nine months are estimated as
below, both for the lowest rate of living and for a more liberal expenditure:

                       

Tuition (including fee for dissection)	$110	$110
Matriculation	25	25
Infirmary fee	7	7
Contingent deposit	10	10
Dormitory rent	15	30
Servant's attendance	9	9
Furniture for dormitory	9	19
Fuel and lights	12	24
Washing	14	14
Board	99	162
Total necessary expenses	$310	$410
Payable on entrance	$210	$250

The contingent deposit of $10 is credited in final settlement. This
deposit is assessed for any damage to property, violation of Library
rules, and so on, which the student himself may commit.

To the above total must be added the cost of books, stationery, and
dissecting instruments, about $45 for the entire course, and the cost of
a degree, if taken, which, is $15. The books purchased will be of permanent
value to the student as a part of his professional library.

SCHEME OF MEDICAL LECTURES.

FIRST YEAR STUDENTS.

First Half Session.

         

Time.	Monday.	Tuesday.	Wednesday.	Thursday.	Friday.	Saturday.
9—10:30	Hist. and Bact.	Hist. Lab.	Hist. and Bact.	Hist. Lab.	Hist. and Bact.	Hist. Lab.
11—12:30	Chemistry.	Anatomy.	Dissections.	Anatomy.	Chemistry.	Anatomy.
12:30—2					Anatomy.
3—4:30	Dissections.	Dissections.	Chemistry.	Dissections.	Dissections.	Dissections.

Second Half Session.

       

9—10:30	Med. Jur.[1]		Med. Jur.[1]	Med. Jur.[1]	Physiology.
11—12:30	Chemistry.				Chemistry.
12:30—2		Physiology.		Physiology.		Physiology.
3—4:30			Chemistry.

SECOND YEAR STUDENTS.

First Half Session.

       

9—10:30	Obst. and Gyn.		Obst. and Gyn.	Obst. and Gyn.	Surgery.	Obstetrics.
11—12:30
12:30—2	Clinic.	Surgery.	Clinic.	Surgery.	Clinic.	Surgery.
3—4:30

Second Half Session.

       

9—10:30	Practice.	Path. Lab.	Practice.	Practice.	Path. Lab.	Practice.
10—12:30		Mat. Med.				Mat. Med.
12:30—2	Clinic.		Clinic.		Clinic.
3—4:30