MILLER SCHOOL OF BIOLOGY.
Professor Tuttle.
Adjunct Professor Kepner.
Required for Admission to the Work of the School: The general
entrance requirements.
The biological sciences are here studied chiefly from a morphological
rather than from a physiological standpoint. Prominence
is given to the histology, and as far as possible to the cytology and
to the life-histories (both ontogenetic and phylogenetic) of the organisms
studied, especially in the advanced courses in each of the
two principal sciences, with a view to the elucidation of the great
fundamental laws that underlie in the phenomena of the life. The
work of the school is designed to meet the wants of students who
desire such knowledge of either Botany of Zoölogy (or both), and
of the methods of biological study, as may properly form a part
of a liberal education; or of those who desire such training as will
fit them for independent work as students or as teachers in either
of these sciences, or for other vocational work therein; and also of
those who seek such acquaintance with the facts and the underlying
principles of the biological sciences as will prepare them for entrance
upon the study of Medicine, or for an intelligent study of
the relations of these sciences to the art of Agriculture.
Each student who enters upon the work of either of the courses
described below is required to provide himself with a small case of
dissecting instruments, a hand lens, a drawing pencil, and a notebook
of approved pattern. Other necessary pieces of apparatus will
be issued to each student. There is a laboratory fee for materials
consumed in connection with the work of each of the courses. Any
student with adequate preparation may enter either of the undergraduate
courses in Biology at the beginning of any term of the
session, and will receive full credit for such course on completing
the work of the remaining term or terms of the course in question,
in the following session.
I. Botany.
Professor Tuttle.
For Undergraduates.
Botany B1: In this course a study is first made of the essential
factors of plant structure; this is followed by a brief
survey of the vegetable kingdom, beginning with the algæ and ending
with the seed-plants. As each group is discussed in the lectures,
as many representative members as practicable will be studied in
the laboratory, including where possible the important phases of
the life-history. The principles of classification will be considered
and illustrated, and as far as possible applied in connection with
the forms studied.
The first term of this course deals largely with the forms of
plant life that are of importance in the management of water supplies,
and is arranged with a view to the needs of students in Sanitary
Engineering. The class is limited for the present to thirty members.
(B. A. or B. S. credit, 6 session-hours.) Lectures, Monday,
Wednesday, Friday, 12-1. Laboratory, Tuesday, Thursday, Saturday,
12-2. Cabell Hall.
For Graduates and Undergraduates.
Three courses are offered in Plant Morphology, one of which
will be given each session; each course comprises two lectures and
two laboratory periods of three hours each weekly; participation
in the weekly biological seminar is also required. The course for
the year may be withdrawn if not elected by at least four students.
Lectures on Tuesdays and Thursdays from 1 to 2 p. m.; laboratory
periods, Wednesdays and Fridays from 11 a. m. to 2 p. m.
Botany
B1 or Zoölogy B1 is prerequisite for entrance upon either of these
courses. The courses offered are as follows:
Botany C1: Thallophytes.—This course will be devoted to the
study of the Fission-Plants: the Green Algæ (in the limited sense),
the Confervales, and Charales: the Bacillariales, Brown Algæ, and
Dictyoltales: the Red Algæ: the various orders of the Fungi, and
the Lichens. The Green Algæ will be studied in greatest detail, on
account of their morphological importance as exhibiting a varied
and instructive differentiation of forms from unicellular plants to
colonial, coenocytic, and thalloid plant-bodies; and as the group to
which the higher plants are most nearly allied.
Botany C2: Archegoniates.—The work of this course will comprise
the study of the Liverworts: the Mosses: and the Fern-like
Plants. By far the larger portion of the course will be occupied
with the latter, the anatomy and morphology of the various orders
being discussed and studied at length, together with their relations
to the acquisition of the seed-habit.
Botany C3: Spermophytes.—The study of the Seed-Plant will
comprise a discussion and examination of the anatomy, both physiological
and morphological, of the various orders of Gymnosperms
and of the two great divisions of the Angiosperms: and a study of
representatives, as far as possible, of each of the great orders of
the latter group: in addition, a few representative families will be
discussed and studied in detail.
II. Zoölogy.
Adjunct Professor Kepner.
For Undergraduates.
Students taking an undergraduate course in Zoölogy are required
to pay, in addition to the regular tuition fee, a laboratory fee
of $5.
Zoology B1: An introductory course in the morphology and
classification of both invertebrates and vertebrates. The course
will be so conducted as to afford to the student a general survey
of the animal kingdom, and to emphasize the principles involved
in the formation of cell-organs, tissues, and complex organs
in the various types of animal bodies. The class is limited
for the present to thirty members. (B. A. or B. S. credit, 6 session-hours.)
Lectures, Tuesday, Thursday, Saturday, 12-1. Laboratory.
Section I, Monday, Wednesday, Friday, 9-11. Section II,
Tuesday, Thursday, Saturday, 9-11. Cabell Hall.
For Graduates and Undergraduates.
Students taking a graduate course in Zoölogy are required to
pay, in addition to the regular tuition fee, a laboratory fee of $20.
Three courses are offered in Animal Morphology, one of which
will be given each session: each course comprises two lectures and
two laboratory periods of three hours each weekly; participation
in the weekly biological seminar is also required. The course for
the year may be withdrawn if not elected by at least four students.
Lectures, Monday and Wednesday from 1 to 2 p. m. Laboratory
periods, Tuesday and Thursday from 11 a. m. to 2 p. m. Botany
B1 or Zoölogy B1 is prerequisite for either of these courses. The
courses offered are as follows:
Zoology C1: The Lower Invertebrates.—In this course a detailed
study will be made of animals representing various classes and
orders of Protozoa, Coelenterata, Platyhelmia, Nemertini, Nematelminthes,
Trochelminthes and Molluscoida, involving their comparative
anatomy, their embryology, and their affinities. Students will
be required to collect the available material of the vicinity for class
work; to make a collection of histological preparation; and to report
at regular intervals upon the progress of their work.
Zoology C2: The Higher Invertebrates.—A similar detailed study,
under similar requirements, of animals, representing various classes
and orders of Echinodermata, Mollusca, Annulata and Arthropoda.
Zoology C3: The Vertebrates.—A detailed anatomical and histological
study of animals representing various classes, sub-classes,
and orders of the Chordata. The physiology of the organs of the
Chordata will be discussed. Vertebrate embryology as represented
by that of the frog and the bird will be briefly studied. Students
will be required to make collections of local material for classroom
work and to make histological preparations representing
the fundamental tissues of representatives of the group.
III. General Biology.
Professor Tuttle.
Adjunct Professor Kepner.
For Undergraduates.
Term Course in the Principles of Biology.—A course is here
offered which is intended to afford a brief survey of some of the most
significant facts concerning organization, function, and relations of
living things: an insight into the methods of biological study: and
as full discussion as possible of the important fundamental principles
deduced from such study and the important philosophical
questions arising therefrom. One lecture and one laboratory exercise
each week throughout the session. This course may be withdrawn
if not elected by at least four students. Hours by appointment.
This course will have a credit value of two session hours,
as part of the elective-at-large for a B. A. or a B. S. degree.
Primarily for Graduates.
Students taking a graduate course in Comparative Anatomy are
required to pay, in addition to the regular tuition fee, a laboratory
fee of $20.
Biology D1: Cytology and Comparative Histology: Botany B1,
Zoölogy B1, and one of the advanced courses in Plant or Animal Morphology
prerequisite. This course begins with a study of the phenomena
of cell-organization and cell life in both plants and animals: this is
followed by a comparative study of the elements of structure and
their embryological development in the lower and the higher animals,
or in a similar series of plant forms: the work of each student is
individually assigned in great measure. It includes practice in the
more advanced methods of technic, and a critical discussion of the
microscope and its intelligent use, as means to the ends in view.
It is accompanied by the consideration of the fundamental laws
of General Biology as founded upon cytological study. Hours by
assignment: the number is not limited.
Opportunity will be afforded to individual students for further
advanced work chiefly along the lines of this course.
A biological seminar will be conducted weekly at an hour that
will be assigned at the beginning of the session, participation in
which is required of all students in courses above Botany B1 and
Zoölogy B1.
IV. Biology and Agriculture.
Professor Tuttle.
Adjunct Professor Kepner.
The relations of the biological sciences to Agriculture are so
manifold and the subdivisions of the latter subject so numerous,
that it would be impossible to exhaust the discussion of either in
the work of any one year. Courses consisting in part of lectures
and in part of an equivalent amount of practical work and collateral
reading will be offered yearly as follows:
Botany and Agriculture B1: Botany B1 prerequisite.—In this course
a study will be made of the anatomy and physiology of the
higher plants, especially as related to nutrition and growth;
and of the principles of crop raising as based on the laws of plant
life. Professor Tuttle.
Text-Books.—Stevens' Plant Anatomy; Pierce's Plant Physiology: Vorhee's Principles
of Agriculture.
Zoology and Agriculture B2: Zoölogy B1, prerequisite.—In this course
a study will be made of the parasitic Protozoa, Worms, and
Arthropods: the Insects will be considered in their economic
relations: and the anatomy of the domestic animals examined.
The relations of animals to the soil and to plant life will be
discussed. Adjunct Professor Kepner.
Text-Books.—Osborn's Economic Zoölogy; Folsom's Entomology; Smith's Economic
Entomology; Chauveau's Anatomy of the Domestic Animals.
Candidates for a diploma of graduation in Biology and Agriculture
are required to complete the introductory courses in Botany
and Zoölogy, and one advanced course in each, and also the two
courses above described.
For summer-school courses in Biology, on which college-credit
will be allowed, see p. 278.
