The architecture of Pueblo Bonito : (with 81 plates) |
I. |
II. |
III. |
IV. |
V. |
VI. |
VII. |
VIII. |
IX. |
A. |
B. |
C. |
INDEX
|
The architecture of Pueblo Bonito : | ||
INDEX[1]
"Ackerly House" (see Wetherill
dwelling), 40Acoma, 52, 53
Adams, Richard N., 21
Addition, Second-type, 78-124
Addition, Third-type, 125-142
Addition, Fourth-type, 154-176
Agriculture, 2, 3, 8, 16, 56
Agriculture and alluviation, 223-233
Alkali, black, 16, 56, 230, 231, 233
Alkali Ridge, southeastern Utah, 44,
45, 47Alluvium (see Valley fill)
"Altar" in Room 148, 201
American Philosophical Society, v
American Museum of Natural History,
iv, 5, 7, 17, 212, 213Amsden, Munroe, iv, v, 10, 11, 12, 13,
14, 15, 16, 48, 49, 66, 101, 130, 133,
140, 211, 213, 215Anderson, R. P., v, 3, 223
Antechamber (see Great Kiva Q), 209
Antiquities Act of 1906, 5, 8, 23
Apache Indians, 32
Arroyo, historic, 1, 3, 19, 223, 232
Arroyo, prehistoric, v, 2, 19-20, 56,
218, 219, 220, 224-225, 228, 233"Arroyo House," 21
Axes, stone, 26, 27, 58, 211
Aztec Ruin, 17, 39, 42, 54, 55
Balcony, lack of, 34
Ban, Cecil (cook), v
Bannister, Bryant, 35, 40, 50
Bc50-51 (small-house site), 48, 49
Beans, 3, 30, 63, 95, 197 223
Black House, 50
Blom, Frans, v
Bourke, John G., 27
Braced-up Cliff, 29, 79, 123, 141, 143,
154, 156, 225pre-1877 rockfall, 57, 67, 70, 124,
144
Brand, Donald D., 48
Breazeale, J. F., 230-231
Brew, John O., 41, 44, 45, 47, 48
Bryan, Kirk, geological studies in
Chaco Canyon, iii, iv, 3, 19, 20, 21,
33, 51, 149, 219, 220, 223-233Bunchgrass, 187, 192, 196, 226
Bureau of American Ethnology, 4, 21
Calahan, Dolores (secretary), v
Casa Rinconada, 3
Cedar, 82, 84, 87, 163
Cedarbark, 32, 59, 60, 62, 79, 80, 83,
87, 121, 163Cedar splints, 74, 79, 87, 89, 121, 161,
162Chaco Canyon, 1, 3, 5, 8, 16, 18, 202,
223cliff stairways, 141, 142
climate, 3, 17, 19, 224, 233
discovery and exploration, 4-5
floodwaters, 1, 20, 56, 150, 226229,
232floodwater channel, 129, 130, 133,
140, 150, 172, 219forests, 3, 8, 16-18, 20, 30, 40, 51,
56, 180, 233peoples of, 1, 3, 19, 21, 22, 51, 53,
187rainfall, 3, 18, 19, 56, 223
ruins of, iv, 1, 3, 4, 20-21, 28, 48-52
(see also ruins listed on page 50)Test Pit No.3, 16, 219, 224, 228,
230, 231topographic map, v, 3
small-house sites, iv, 10, 48, 49
vegetation, 2, 3, 19, 57, 224
water resources, 3, 56, 224, 230,
233
344Chaco Culture, iv, 8, 41, 53, 56
Chaco influence, 42, 52, 55
Chaco-like remains, 41-43, 52-53, 55
Chaco Canyon National Monument,
iv, 1Chettro Kettle Ruin, 5, 25, 34, 48, 50,
142Chico brush, 74, 211, 226
Chimney Rock Ruin, near Pagosa
Springs, Colo., 54, 55Cliff House sandstone, 1, 25, 202, 223
Collins, Henry B. Jr., v
Conant, Kenneth J., v
Continental Divide, 1, 52
Corn, 30, 63, 95, 108, 223
Cottonwood, 3, 26, 39, 48, 57, 58, 224,
232Coville, Frederick V., iv
Crownpoint Indian Agency, 3
Cummings, Byron, 65
Darton, N. H., 233
Debris of occupation, 10, 11, 14, 129,
165, 174, 189, 207, 215of construction, 11, 85, 100, 128,
203, 225
Dendrochronology, science of, 35, 138
(see also Douglass, A. E.; Tree-ring
dating, Pueblo Bonito)Department of the Interior, iv, 10, 49
Dodge, Richard E., 7, 229
Door hasp, 65
Douglass, A. E., tree-ring research at
Pueblo Bonito, iii, iv, 17-19, 35, 39,
50, 51, 162, 169, 224Droughts, 19, 56, 224-226
Duck, redhead, 192
Dutton, Bertha P., 48
East Court, 34, 67, 68, 70, 93, 113, 114,
118, 119, 120, 122, 137, 140, 175East Mound Trench 10, 220-222, 227,
228East Refuse Mound, 10, 190, 214, 217,
219, 226, 227Escavada Wash, 33
Excavation notes, 264-337
Fajada Butte (Mesa Fachada), 4
"Far East" Trench, 150
Farmington, N. Mex., 33
Firedogs, sandstone, 31, 74, 93, 190
Floodwater farming (see Agriculture
and alluviation)Fort Defiance, 18, 53
Fort Wingate, 5
Foundation Complex, Northeast, 143153,
155, 157, 159Gallup, N. Mex., 53
Gila Pueblo, tree-ring dates at Pueblo
Bonito, 40, 95Gladwin, Harold S., iv, 53
Golden eagle, 84
Grass seed, 3, 30, 63
Gregory, Herbert E., 233
Grosvenor, Melville Bell, v
"Half House," 21
Hammond, J. F., 82
Hammond L. C., v
Havens, O. C., v
Hawley, Florence, 51
Henderson, Junius, 233
Hewett, Edgar L., 9, 233
Hillside Ruin, 146-149, 151, 225
Hitchcock, A. S., 187
Hodge, F. W., 52, 53
Holsinger, S. J., 32, 40
Hopi villages, 19, 24, 27, 39, 52, 60
"Hotel," Hyde Expedition, 6
Hungo Pavie, 50, 51, 142
Huntington, Ellsworth, 3, 19, 233
Hyde, B. Talbot B., 5, 7
Hyde, Frederick E., Jr., 5
Hyde Exploring Expeditions, iv, 5,
6-8, 9, 23, 32, 45, 66, 80, 81, 88,
165, 198, 212, 214unpublished prints, 66, 87, 90, 95,
166, 169
Jackson, Martin L., 24
Jackson, W. H., 4, 5, 16, 20, 23, 28,
34, 57, 85, 141, 142, 146, 149, 154,
224, 226Juniper, 26, 224 (see also cedar)
Kayenta country, 28, 65, 162
Kern, R. H., 81
Ketchipauan, one of the Seven Cities
of Cibola, 52Kiatuthlanna (Village of the Great
Kivas), 53Kidder, A. V., 10, 11, 14, 41, 47, 49, 51,
55, 233Kinbiniyol Valley, 49, 229
Kinklizhin, 50
Kivas, 177-211
bowl-shaped, 44, 45, 46, 54, 67,
68, 70, 191, 193Chaco-type, 43, 44, 46, 54, 111,
177, 180, 183, 186, 196Chaco-like, 52, 53, 55
cribwork, 39, 139, 180, 187, 191,
196deflector, 49, 54, 76, 95, 97, 180,
197, 203, 209fireplaces, 48, 112, 177, 180, 186,
188, 190, 191, 196, 203, 208Great Kiva A, 14, 135, 137, 173,
198-207Great Kiva Q, 64, 131, 132, 175,
198, 207-211Great Kiva under West Court, 11,
123, 129, 130, 132, 133, 137, 141,
198, 211, 216"keyhole," 48, 189
Mesa Verde-type, 43, 44, 46, 47,
54, 183niches, 112, 181, 183, 188, 189, 191,
192, 196, 199non-Chaco, 183-184, 190, 196
pilasters, origin of, 46
pilaster construction, 43, 181, 186,
190, 191pilaster offerings, 133, 156, 181,
182, 186, 189, 192, 196possible cult rooms, 73, 74, 76, 95,
97, 196pre-Zuñi near Hawikuh, 52, 53
razed, 94, 111, 116, 127, 137, 183,
184, 188, 203remodeled, 183, 194, 196
repositories, subfloor, 137, 138, 184,
192, 207, 209roof-pole offset, 190, 191
sipapu, lack of at Pueblo Bonito,
43, 209subfloor ventilator, origin of, 46,
54"wainscoting," 44, 112, 181, 187,
191, 192, 196
Kluckhohn, Clyde, 48
Laboratory of Anthropology, 15
Ladder, 3-pole, 209
Lancaster, J. A., and Pinkley, Jean M.,
44, 45, 47La Plata River Valley, 42, 43, 47
Largo-Gallina area, 34
Leyit Kin (small-house site), 48
Linsley, A. H. (cook), v
Little Colorado-Puerco drainage, 53
Lowry Ruin, 15, 41, 42, 46, 47, 54
Macaws, 84, 97, 99, 107
MacEwen, Harold E., v
Maize, 3, 30 (see also corn)
Mancos, Colorado, 5
Mancos Phase, 47
Manuelito Wash, 53
Martin, George B., v
Martin, Jack, 7, 33, 40, 83
Martin, Paul S., 15, 41, 46, 53
Masonry, Chaco-like, 41, 55
non-Chaco, 41, 66, 190
double-coursed, 41, 44, 45, 78
single-coursed, 41, 44, 45, 54, 58,
60
McElmo Canyon, 42, 55
McElmo Phase, 47
McFarlane, Robert (cook), v
McKinney, Lewis T., 156
McLellan, George M. (cook), v
McNaughton, J. B. (cook), v
McNitt, Frank, iv, 6, 149
Menefee formation, 202
Merchants, 4
Mesa Verde National Park, 15, 19, 43,
44, 47, 54Mesa Verde country, 43, 48, 53, 65
Mesa Verde-like culture, 42, 48
"Mesa Verde House," 49
"Middle" Trench, 227
Mindeleff, Victor, 4, 5, 23, 24, 27, 28,
29, 34, 81, 87, 91, 109, 154, 155Mockingbird Canyon, 18, 33
Montezuma Valley, 55
Morris, Earl H., 24, 41, 42, 43, 46, 47,
54, 55, 207Museum of New Mexico, 201
National Geographic Society, iii, iv, v,
8, 9, 23, 38, 40, 51, 55, 80, 103,
179, 196, 198, 210Committee on Research, iv, v, 8,
23Beam Expeditions, 17, 39, 51
Chaco Canyon Reconnaissance, iv,
7, 18, 22, 33, 87, 214, 224Pueblo Bonito Expeditions, iii,
iv, v, 8-22, 24, 38, 40, 41, 49, 50,
152, 202, 223
National Park Service, 3, 90, 232
Navaho Indians in Chaco Canyon, 1,
3, 5, 6, 16, 18, 19, 23, 56, 141, 224,
226, 230, 232Nelson, N. C., 7, 52, 212, 214, 215, 221
Northeast Foundation Complex, 143153,
176, 225, 226O'Bryan, Deric, 21, 40, 47, 53, 54, 95
"Old dark room," 80, 87
Old Wello, Navaho Indian, 18
Oraibe, 19, 35
Pagosa-Piedra region, Colorado, 10,
44Palmer, S. L., 5, 23
Parrot, thick-billed, 97
Pecos classification, 12
Peñasco Blanco Ruin, 18, 49, 50, 229
Pepper, George H., 6-9, 29-32, 57, 6172,
77, 78, 80-82, 86, 87, 90, 91, 95,
96, 99-102, 104, 131, 212Pine, 3, 18, 23, 26, 39, 58, 59, 224, 233
Pinkley, Frank, 24
Pinkley, Jean M., and Lancaster J. A.,
44, 45, 47Pinyon, 26, 39, 48, 58
Pinyon nuts, 30, 108
Pit-houses, BM. III-P.I, 21, 22, 30, 44,
45, 49, 53, 54, 57, 77, 129, 132, 187,
225Planks (see Boards, Late Bonitian)
Plateau Province, 19, 32
Pottery of Pueblo Bonito,
Black-on-red, 9, 11, 14
Black-on-white, 9, 11, 16, 64
Chaco, 41, 42, 52
Chaco-like, 15, 16, 41, 42, 43, 47,
53, 55"Chaco-San Juan," 13, 14, 15, 41,
50, 64, 67, 135, 211, 216non-Chaco, 41, 42, 47
Chaves Pass Polychrome, 14
Corrugated-coil, 9, 11, 13, 14, 30,
41, 50, 64, 67, 93, 97, 130, 159,
211, 213, 215Design elements, 12 (table), 48
"Early," 11, 50, 101, 213, 215
Houck Polychrome, 14
Kayenta Polychrome, 14, 189
"Late," 11, 32, 50, 213, 216
Little Colorado Polychrome, 203
Mancos Black-on-white, 15, 41, 46,
47, 48, 211McElmo Black-on-white, 14, 41,
46, 47, 48, 50, 64, 67, 135, 189,
196, 203Mesa Verde, 10, 13, 14, 41, 47, 48,
49, 55, 65, 66, 135, 173, 189Mesa Verde-like, 42, 48, 66, 131,
215Mesa Verde, proto-, 10, 14, 16,
147, 173, 196, 203, 213Mimbres, 14
Navaho or Apache, 14, 34
Pigment, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16, 47, 48,
55, 216pre-Pueblo, 9, 211, 215
Plain-banded, 9, 11, 13, 30, 213
Polished-black-interior, 10, 11, 13
potsherds as wall chinking, 48
sherd analysis, 12, 14
Solid, 213, 216
Straight-line Hachure, 9, 13, 14,
16, 41, 49, 64, 67, 129, 159, 213,
216, 222techniques, 13, 16
temper, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 47
"Transitional," 12, 14, 15, 50, 101,
130, 213Tularosa-coil, 14
Pueblo Alto, 49, 50, 141, 142, 150
Pueblo del Arroyo, 4, 6, 20, 30, 34, 40,
48, 50, 140, 150, 196, 224, 226Pueblo Bonito, v, 1, 3, 4, 8, 15, 22-40
conflagrations, 32, 34, 186
constructional timbers, 1, 3, 8, 18,
23, 26, 35, 38-40, 66, 74, 87, 163,
166, 187constructional timbers, reuse of,
39, 51, 163, 189constructional offerings, 156
Cross-section A-A′, 136, 137, 139,
204Cross-section B-B′, 131, 133, 134
Cross-section C-C′, 136, 139, 140,
141, 154dating of, iv, 17, 35-40, 51, 163,
166, 169, 174defensive measures, 33-35
dual occupancy, 22, 24, 41, 45, 52,
54, 56East Court, 70, 93, 113, 114, 116,
118, 119, 120, 123, 137, 140elevation of, 3
flagstone floors, 31, 137, 172, 175,
176fireplaces, 31, 59, 62, 79, 95, 123,
124, 127, 129, 148, 218"foreign" rooms, 65-66
groundplan, iv, 7, 8, 26
kivas, 177-211
rise and fall, 41-56, 223
room dimensions, 241-263
steps, intramural, 27, 109, 120, 128,
130, 138, 171, 174, 199, 200
Pueblo Bonito:
Old Bonito, a P.II
village, 8, 16, 22, 24, 41, 45, 54,
57-77, 78, 194beam ends, conical, 26, 58
burial rooms, 34, 35, 45, 52, 58, 63,
64, 65ceilings, 26, 58, 59, 75, 84, 87
ceiling props, 39, 58, 59, 75
doors, 27, 59, 60, 63, 75
fireplaces, 31, 59, 63, 73, 76, 95
foodstuffs, 30, 45, 51, 63, 95, 197
ground plan, iv, 57
hatchways, 27, 58, 60, 63, 74, 75,
96, 197houses, posts as steps, 59, 60, 66,
75household waste, 10, 11, 13, 14, 41,
45, 48, 57, 61, 78kivas, 54, 57, 61, 67-70, 118, 192,
193, 194masonry, 24, 26, 45, 57, 58, 60, 67,
69, 72, 73, 80, 84, 86, 88, 136, 194occupants, 8, 16, 22, 26, 45, 52
outside rear wall, 24, 27, 33, 34,
56, 58, 78, 84, 88, 131post-and-mud walls, 45, 60, 61, 62,
64, 65, 66, 75, 94, 162pottery of, 14, 16
rooms replaced, 66, 70-77, 79, 100,
101, 125, 128, 173, 194storage, 20, 30, 57, 58, 59, 61
studwork, wall "mosaic," 57, 88, 96
tree-ring dates, 38, 39, 45, 51
ventilators, 28, 29
Pueblo Bonito:
Late Bonito, a P.III
village, 8, 15, 19, 41, 54, 55, 57,
97, 125abandonment of, 35, 45, 52, 56, 161
adult burials, lack of, 45
architects, 66, 77, 84, 85, 86, 87,
92, 93, 95, 125, 128, 136, 143,
151, 164, 167, 194boards (planks, hand-hewn), 27,
59, 82, 83, 107, 181, 183, 187ceilings, 26, 79, 81, 82, 83, 95, 161,
162, 163doors, 27, 33, 79, 85, 88, 89, 102,
163-165, 170, 171diagonal, 28, 164, 165, 166
T-shaped, 28, 62, 113, 127, 165,
168, 174intermural, 109
entranceway, 34, 134, 202, 207, 208
fireplaces, 31, 72, 73, 74, 93, 98,
113, 120, 122, 131, 174"fire pits," 31, 120, 148, 174
hatchways, 27, 75, 81, 83, 96, 107,
164, 197houses, 26
infant burial, 97
masonry, 24-26, 45, 61, 78, 85-90,
92-94, 121, 125, 138, 145, 151,
162, 172, 225masonry steps, 114, 138, 168, 169,
171, 174, 184, 200, 217milling room, 30
Northeast Foundation Complex,
141, 143-153outer north wall, 85-87, 155-157
reconstruction, 72, 77-79, 86, 89-91,
94-96, 99, 100, 107, 127, 135,
136, 160, 166, 169-173repositories, subcourt, 114, 123,
172Room 14b, 6, 23, 40, 81, 82, 85
storage, 29-30, 79-81, 83, 88, 101,
103, 104, 131, 139, 159tree-ring dates, 38, 39, 45, 51-52
walls built on beams, 26, 63, 94,
95, 96, 110, 139, 174, 193, 210wall disks, sandstone, 90-91
walls, undercourt, 93, 114-116, 118,
119, 120-123wattlework, 61, 114, 162, 183, 203,
209, 228ventilators, 28-29
348
Pueblo Pintado, 4, 28, 50, 51, 52
Pumpkins, 3, 223
Putnam, F. W., 5, 6, 7
Reed, Erik K., 15, 47, 52
"Relic hunting," 5, 8
Rincon del Camino, 3, 33
Rio Colorado, 42
Rio Grande, 52, 175
Rio San Juan, 1, 42, 66
"Roads," prehistoric, 141, 142
Robbins, Wilfred W., 233
Roberts, Frank H. H., Jr., 41, 44, 46,
53, 54, 55research at Pueblo Bonito, iii, iv,
v, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 21,
48, 49, 50, 66, 101, 130, 133, 140,
211, 213, 215, 222
Roberts, Henry B., v, 241-263
Roosevelt, Theodore, 1
Ruppert, Karl, v, 167
Rushes (reeds), 3, 18, 19, 26, 58, 107,
183, 233Sand, wind-blown, 24, 32-33, 40, 56, 60,
84, 89, 127, 130, 139, 168, 193, 222Sand bunch-grass, 187
San Juan area, 15, 35, 41, 55, 63, 68,
131, 184, 187, 213School of American Research, 7
Scofield, Carl L., 230, 231
Sedimentation (see Valley fill)
Seltzer, Carl C. (on Zuñi and Chaco
skulls), 53Shabik'eshchee, a Late Basket Maker
village, 21Shale, 67, 91, 114, 118, 123, 129, 147,
191, 192, 193, 194, 201, 202, 203, 208,
209Sheepherders, Mexican, 18, 23
Shepard, Anna O., 12, 55
Shrines, 115, 123, 175-176
Silt layers, 10, 20, 77, 138, 139, 143,
149, 150, 154, 159, 203, 225, 226Simpson, James H., 4, 6, 23, 81, 146
Skeletal remains from Pueblo Bonito,
ivSmiley, Terah R., 35, 39, 50, 54
Smithsonian Institution, vi, 4
Soil analyses, 10, 16, 230-231
Soldiers, 4, 5, 23
Solomon's Ruin, 42, 54
South Refuse Mounds, 79, 123, 129,
141, 212-222, 229Stewart, T. Dale, iv
Stone axes, 26, 27
Stratigraphy, 9-16, 66, 130, 133, 211,
215 (see also South South Refuse
Mounds; West Court Trench)Stratigraphy at Peñasco Blanco, 49, 50
Stratigraphy at Pueblo Alto, 49
Symposia at Pueblo Bonito, 16, 52, 233
Table of room dimensions, 241-263
"Talus House," 124
"Tanner's Garage," 40
The Gap, 48, 141, 142
Tie poles, constructional, 26, 87, 155,
156, 191Tree-ring calendar (see Pueblo Bonito
dating)Tsin Kletzin, 3, 142
United States Army Engineers, 4
United States Geographic Board, 4
United States Geological Survey, 19
United States National Museum, iv,
152Una Vida Ruin, 4, 50, 51
University of Arizona, 17, 35
University of New Mexico, 48
Ute Indians, 32
Valley fill, iv, 1, 4, 10, 19, 20, 51, 56,
223Vandalism, 4, 5, 23, 34, 83, 85, 155,
156Ventilators, 28, 29, 54
Village of the Great Kivas, 46, 53
Vivian, Gordon, 40, 202, 209, 210
Wall decoration, 70, 129, 135, 207
Wall repairs, Pueblo Bonito Expeditions,
23, 338-341National Park Service, 23, 24, 40,
62, 163, 170, 209, 341
Walsh, Oscar B., v
Washington, John M., 4
Water analyses, 10, 16
Weje-gi Ruin, 50, 51, 52
West Refuse Mound, 9-10, 128, 129,
139, 212-216, 218-220, 227, 228West Court Trench, 11, 22, 48, 66, 69,
77, 128, 129, 132, 133, 211, 215, 216Wetherill, John, 229
Wetherill, Richard, 5, 6, 8, 23, 40, 81,
84, 90, 229rooms rebuilt by, 7, 12, 23, 40, 90
dwelling of, 40, 149
White Canyon, 65
Whitewash, 66, 70, 99, 165, 171, 191,
192, 193Whitewater, Ariz., 46, 53, 54
Whitmore, Jeraldine M., v
Willows, 3, 18, 19, 57, 79, 80, 81, 82,
83, 84, 87, 131, 162, 187, 224, 232Wirito's Rincon, 18, 48
Wissler, Clark, 212
Zuñi Indians at Pueblo Bonito, 22, 98,
135, 145, 175, 208, 209Zuñi country, 46, 52, 109
Zuñi homes, 27, 52, 60
The architecture of Pueblo Bonito : | ||