Original journals of the Lewis and Clark Expedition, 1804-1806 printed from the original manuscripts in the library of the American Philosophical Society and by direction of its committee on historical documents |
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Index
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 | Original journals of the Lewis and Clark Expedition, 1804-1806 |  |
INDEX
Index[1]
Abalone shells, Indian ornament, 2, 378.
Abies grandis, Coues; A. nobilis, Coues.
See Firs.Abies subalpina (lasiocarpa). See Pines.
Abingdon (Va.), Lewis at, 7, 337.
Absaroka (Apshârookee) Indians, Crow
band, numbers, 6, 267. See also Crow.Abscesses, expedition suffers from, 1, 168,
2, 22, 49; remedy for, 2, 22.Academy of Natural Sciences (Phila.), herbarium
of, 6, 121, 151–153; aid acknowledged,
1, lviii; Proceedings, 4, 3.Acer douglasii; A. circinatum; A. macrophyllum.
See Maples.Acorns, at falls of Columbia, 3, 138; as
food, 3, 143, 7, 176; game feed on, 1,
150.Actea spicata, var. arguta. See Honeysuckle.
Adam's needle and Eve's thread. See
Bear-grass.Adders, spreading (blowing viper), described,
2, 264.Æchmophorus occidentalis. See Grebe.
Ahaharropirnopah Indians, Crow tribe, 6,
103.Ahhŏnẽgă, Missouri chief, meets expedition,
1, 98.Ahhôninggâ, Missouri chief, meets expedition,
1, 98.Ahmâhtăh rushushsher. See Rivers: Scolding.
Ahnahaway (Ahnahawa, Ahwahaway, Ahwahharway,
Ahwahhaway, Avahaways,
Awahawy, Moccasin, people whose village
is on a hill, Shoe, Soulier Noir,
Wattasoon, Wettersoon) Indians, Hidatsa
tribe: habitat, 1, 203, 208, 220, 224,
270, 271, 6, 50, 90, 91, 7, 70, 382;
numbers, 1, 224, 271, 6, 90; fair haired,
1, 208; customs, 1, 208, 3, 316, 331; relations
with other tribes, 1, 229–231, 243,
284, 6, 90, 91, 103, 105, 7, 323, 331; agriculture,
6, 157; relations with expedition,
1, 209, 236, 237, 267, 5, 338, 7, 309;
speech of chief, 1, 305; trade with, 6, 89–
91, 101, 7, 336; Jesseaume among, 1, 265;
sketch, 6, 90, 91.Aiauez (Aiaway, Aieway) Indians. See
Iowa.Ainsworth, Captain—, selects site for
Lewiston, 3, 104; at forks of Columbia,
3, 124.Ainsworth, F. C., notes by, 7, 231, 319.
Aird, James, fur-trader, 5, 374, 375; generosity,
5, 376; employees, 5, 390; sketch,
5, 374.Air-gun, Indians astonished at, 1, 98, 114,
186, 211, 243, 249, 2, 363, 5, 19, 21, 241,
7, 129, 305; Lewis's broken, 2, 136, 139;
repaired, 2, 318, 7, 98.Aitkin,—, fur-trader, 5, 384.
Alabama Indians, Clark's note on, 6, 113.
"Albatross," trading vessel, 4, 204.
Alden, Benjamin, subscribes, for Journals,
7, 363.Alders (Alnus sinuata), location, 3, 77, 203–
205, 232, 244, 260, 261, 324, 334, 4, 55, 56,
5, 181; Oregon or black, 3, 174, 4, 59,
218, 276; its location, 4, 207, 209, 5, 121,
122, 6, 210; described, 4, 55, 56.Alexandria (Va.), Big White to visit, 7,
345.Algonkin Indians (tribe), habitat, 6, 110,
111; language, 1, 166, 6, 269; numbers,
6, 110, 111; allies, 6, 105; described, 6,
110, 111; trade with, 6, 110, 111.Algonquian Indians (family), Arapaho tribe
of, 1, 190, 222; language, 4, 320; food,
4, 10.Alitan Indians. See Shoshoni.
Allen, J. A., "History of American Bison,"
1, 41.Allen, Paul, expedition journals in hands
of, 7, 402; revises Biddle's work, 1, xlii,
xliii; secures Jefferson's "Memoir" of
Lewis, 1, xlii; remunerated 1, xlii.Allium See
Nutt,; A, Bong.;
A. See Alder., Willis, Jr., congressman, 7, 354,
355.Alum, in Missouri , 1, 116, 117, 6, 38,
98, 7, 51, 315; , 1, 116;
impregnated with, 1, , 312., Indian name for Missouri,
2, 113.Conex. See Salal.
berry.sp. See Serviceberry,
American , 1, 219.
American 1, 121.
American Antiquarian Society, editions
of journals, 1, lxii; , 1
lv, lxxxv, xc.American Daily , 7, 338, 347.
American Fur Company, , 1, 217, 293,
346, , 302, 322, .American Philosophical Society (Phila.),
interest in Western exploration, 1, xxi,
7, 202; custodians of Lewis and Clark
manuscripts, 1, xxv, xxvii, xivi–1, lvii,
lxxix, 2, 64, 6, 80, 114, , 152, 7, ,
394, 396, 397, 400–408; decides to publish,
1, 1; Coues's report in, 1, 3, 7, 411–
423; number of words in codices, 1, xliv;
mineralogical sent to, 7, 318
322; Donation Book, 6, 151, 158, 159;
elect Lewis to membership, 7, 293;
acknowledged, 1, .American State "Miscellaneous,"
5, 391; "Military affairs," 7, 354.Americans, settle in Louisiana, 5, , 391,
392, 7, 4; troops on Missouri, 5, 375, 378;
congratulate Lewis and Clark, 5, 390;
escort Big White, 5, 393., M. subscribes, for Journals, 7,
363.Anaconda (Mont.), at, 2, 303.
. See Ducks; mallard.
Anchor, expedition loses, 1, 170, 172; substitute
for, 1, 172.Anchovies (fish), 4, 109, 111, 112, 123, 125,
155, 157, 6, 207, 210; dried by Indians,
4, 131, 133, 200, 202, 260, 262; purchased
of Indians, 4, 116, 118, 195, 196; present
from Indians, 4, 138, 139: delicacy, 4,
131, 133.Anderson, C. Harper, descendant of Lewis,
7, 309; aid acknowledged, 1, .3, 13
Angelica (), described,
5, 138, 140; Indians , 3, 52.3, 257.
See Brants.
Antilops (anifampra American, cabra,
Clahrokoki, goals), discovered by expedition,
1, 141, 7, 327; described, 1, 147, 5,
205, 6, , 129; habitat, 1, 151, 153,
290, 292, 294, 303, 317, 322, 326, 327, 329,
331, 335, 343, 346, 348, 349, 353, 356, 362,
365, 370, 2, 27, 33, 40, 45, 64, 66, 113, 122,
123, 125, 143, , 248, 263, 265, 278, 288,
291, 300, 304–306, 309, 312, 344, 383, 3,
5, 4, 73, 76, 93, 97, 287, 5, 208, 210, 211,
256, 260, 261, 265, 279, 6, 122, 175,
177, 190, 7, 99, 108, 120–122, 133, 137, 316;
, 1, 351, 354; gentle, 1, 335;
, 1, 154; change color, 1, 349; poor
in spring. 2, 39; mule deer, 4,
157; food, 1, 307, 338, 2, 29, 6, 155, 156;
4, 228, 231, 5, 215, 302, 306, 364,
365; plentiful, 4, 329, 330, 5, 190, 197,
235, 266, 290, 297, 311, 312, 363, 7, 303;
Indian method of hunting, 1, 313, 314,
2, 345, 346; Indians hunt, 1, 236, 3, 18,
34, 102, 109, 117, 4, 95, 97, 6, 191; expedition
hunts, 1, 155, 305, 315, 2 131,
145, 207, 208, , 224, 248, 261, 264
266, 268, 299, 317, 321, 323, 324, 332, 333,
343, 349, 356, 363, 366, 5, 260, 261, 265
279, 7, 83, 95, 107, 109, 111, fur, 6
skin as clothing, 1, 247, 2, 376
3, 4, 10, 20, 123, 126, 139, 143, 4, 95
skins in Indian trade, 1, 221, 6
104; skin and skeleton preserved by expedition
1, 180, 362, 363.Anthony, A. V. S., aid acknowledged, 1,
lxxxi.2, 284.
Anville (Danville), Jean Baptiste Bourgnuc
d. Lewis desires map of, 7, 225.Apples, on Missouri, 1, 58, 6, 172,
Indias name for dried, 3, 75.Indians. See
. See Eagles: golden.
. See Columbine.
, 1, 176; names for, 1,
190, 225; described, 6, 101; habitat, 1,
90, 190, 6, 101, 102, 108, 7, 305; numbers,
6, 101, 7, 316; society among, 1,
130; trade with Atikara, 1, 190; with
, 6, 90; 6, 101.3, 77, 80, 81, 203–205, 324, 334.
4, 49, , 248, 274, 276, 279, 281, 5, 135,
138, 7, 160; , 3, 346;
429348; hats, 3, 359–361; baskets, 3, 353–
356; canoes, 4, 30, 34; cord, 3, 260, 327,
350, 351, 357, 358; roofing houses, 3,
154, 155, 356–358; in weaving, 3, 206, 208,
209, 240.Arctomys flavienter; A. monax. See
Woodchucks.Arctostaphylos uva-ursi. See Bearberry.
Ardea herodias. See Heron.
Argalia (Argal). See Ibex.
Argile, in Tillamook Head, 3, 321, 334.
Arikara (Aricara, Recars, Recrerees, Ree,
Ricara, Ricaree, Ricares, Rickaras,
Ricreras, Starrahhe) Indians, Mandan
name for, 1, 232; tribes composing, 1,
188; habitat, 1, 172, 175, 183, 184, 186,
187, 195, 261, 262, 283, 5, 349, 6, 49, 59,
89, 93, 98, 141, 149, 256, 7, 65, 67, 190,
382; described, 6, 88, 89; deserted villages,
1, 179, 204, 205, 7, 65, 67; numbers,
1, 173, 188, 6, 88, 7, 316; language, 1,
188, 284, 6, 88, 132; physical characteristics,
1, 188; resemble Cheyenne, 5, 356;
mental characteristics, 1, 188; dirty, 1,
186; warlike, 7, 323; steal horses, 1
258, 5, 340; lodges, 1, 181–183, 188, 189,
208; skin boats, 1, 181–183, 185, 186, 194,
5, 325, 326; agriculture, 1, 181, 183, 187,
188, 7, 65; care of horses, 5, 358; raise
tobacco, 1, 281, 2, 342, 6, 149–151, 157,
7, 322; method of making beads, 1, 272–
274; hunters, 1, 194, 6, 177, 196; food,
1, 187; utensils, 5, 355; do not use
liquor, 1, 186, 199, 6, 151; dress, 1, 189;
ornaments, 5, 356; paint buffalo robes,
6, 49; prize eagle feathers, 4, 159, 160;
arms, 1, 188; customs, 1, 189; position
of women, 1, 188, 189, 194, 195; children,
1, 193; treatment of aged, 3, 316, 331;
traditions, 1, 191, 197; idols among, 1,
191; hear rumbling in Black Hills, 2,
177, 233; relations with other tribes, 1,
252, 5, 329, 343, 345, 347, 350–352, 354–
356, 360, 6, 95, 96, 100–103; with Assiniboin,
1, 223; Minitaree, 1, 252; Mandan,
1, 204, 214–216, 230, 233, 267, 268, 5,
393, 7, 68, 69, 303–306; Sioux, 1, 189,
220, 224, 231, 6, 59, 89, 7, 316; traders
among, 5, 349, 350; Tebeau with, 1, 269;
Garreau related to, 1, 7; visit Fort Mandan,
1, 269; relations with expedition,
1, 185–190, 285, 286, 2, 383, 385, 5, 285,
346, 350–357, 7, 68, 303–305, 329; presents
given to, 1, 186, 194, 6, 273, 7, 68;
York astonishes, 1, 185, 186; chief accompanies
expedition, 1, 204, 206, 210, 211,
6, 149; leaves expedition, 1, 216; visits
Washington, 1, 283, 284, 286, 5, 329, 351,
353, 354, 383; fur-trade, 1, 184, 6, 89.Aristonetta vallisneria. See Ducks.
Arkansa Indians, Clark's note on, 6, 112.
Arkeechetar, Sioux chief, 6, 99.
Arketarnashar (chief of the town), Arikara
Indian, accompanies expedition, 1, 195,
211; relates traditions to Clark, l, 197.Arlington (Ore.), situation, 4, 320.
Ar-lo-quat, Chopunnish chief, 3, 132.
Arm bands, given to Indians, 1, 228, 270,
2, 372, 5, 48, 49.Armstrong, John, Biddle secretary to, 1,
xxxviii.Armstrong, Capt. John, Western expedition,
1, xxi, 7, 198–201; sketch, 7, 198.Arnold,—, furnishes supplies, 7, 220.
Arrattanamockshe (Wolf Man), Minitaree
chief, meets expedition, 1, 212.Arrattoénomookge (Man Wolf), Minitaree
chief, meets expedition, 1, 213.Arrowhead (Sagittaria latifolia), described,
4, 7, 10; root eaten, 3, 197; Chinese variety
(Sagittaria sinensis), 3, 197. See also
Wappato.Arrow Rock, location, 1, 44.
Arrowsmith, Aaron, cartographer, 2, 132.
Arrow-wood (Viburnum dentatum or V.
molle), location, 1, 291, 2, 236, 5, 384, 6,
140, 141; Indian use of, 6, 153; difficult
undergrowth, 3, 219, 220.Arsarta, Indian name for Rocky Mountain
sheep, 1, 240.Arshkane, Sioux chief, 6, 99.
Artemisia frigida, A. cava, A. dracunculoides,
A. longifolia, in Lewis herbarium, 6, 156;
identified, 6, 158.Artemisia tridentata, Nutt. See Sagebrush.
Artichoke, as Indian food, 3, 13, 6, 184;
wild along Missouri, 1, 290.Asarum Canadense or reflexum; A. caudatum.
See Ginger: wild.Asepin. See Cottonwood.
Ash trees, on Missouri, 1, 39, 54, 95, 150,
217, 299, 311, 323, 2, 97, 99, 5, 236, 327,
389, 6, 50, 62, 176, 177, 7, 8; on Yellowstone,
1, 337, 341, 342, 5, 314, 315; on
Columbia, 3, 75, 197, 205, 259–261, 4, 201,
203, 207, 209, 210, 212, 218, 234, 247, 274,
276, 6, 199, 7, 349; black, 7, 324; broad
leafed, 4, 273, 6, 213; prickly, 5, 384, 6,
141; white, 5, 373; oars made from timber,
1, 51, 5, 349.Asimina triloba. See Papaw.
Asotin (Wash.), 3, 101.
Asotin County (Wash.), mountains in, 3,
117.Aspens, on Missouri, 2, 234, 241, 243, 245,
247, 251.Coues;
See Ferns.Assiniboin (Assilipoille, Ossiniboin, Stone
Sioux) Indians, Siouan tribe, 1, 221, 306;
described, 6, 104, 105; habitat, 1, 221,
302, 305, 310, 317, 319, 2, 95, 6, 104, 105,
7, 74; numbers, 1, 221, 6, 104; language,
1, 221; tribes of, 6, 104, 105; physical
characteristics, 1, 221; mental characteristics,
1, 221; dishonest, 1, 223, 241, 251,
238, 269; 1, 306, 310; lodges,
1, 306, 310; customes, 1, 313, 314, 360, 361.
3, 316, 331; raise tobacco, 6, 157; hunting
grounds, 1, 293; method of hunting
1, 313, 314, relations with other tribes; with Arikara, 1, 223, 286; with
Mandan, 1, 221–223, 231, 251, , 6, 90;
with , 1, 217, 296, 300, 6, 91;
war with other tribes, 1, 205, 271, 275,
5, 329, 6, 95, 96, 102, 103; , 6,
105, 109; fur-trade, 6, 104, 105; relations
with expedition, 2, 12, 20, 22, 7,
74, 336.House, North West Company's
post, 6, 269.Astor, John Jacob, in fur-trade, 3, 238.
Astoria (Ore.), site of, 3, 227, 254, 255, 4,
137; founded, 3, 255; history, 3, 255;
McClellan at, 5, 373.Astorian expedition, members of, 1, 128,
3, 144, 4, 138, 5, 371, 373., described, 6, 144; identified, 6, 142; A. , in
Lewis 6, 155, identified, 6,
158; A. , in Lewis herbarium, 6,
156; identified, 6, 158.Astronomy, observations, 1, 19, 21, 37, 38,
41, 45, 47, 60, 74, 82, 83, 84, 89, 95, 96,
104, 107, 125, 138, 160, 176, 183, 197, 248,
280, 297, 298, 309, 313, 321, 330, 340, 343,
2, 5, 8, 18, 22, 26, 27, 32, 40, 53–55, 58, 69,
70, 86, 110, 111, 137, 138, 140, 173, 175,
177, 201, 202, 206, 219–222, 226, 234, 240,
3, 8, 58, 59, 61, 90,
91, 93–96, 103, 109, 110, 123, 127, 128, 160,
163, 181, 182, 188, 229, 245, 246, 4, 28, 30,
68, 70, 106, 107, 163, 170, 204, 208, 225,
226, , 234, 238–240, 244, 245, 287,
341, 345, 347, 348, 350–353, 6, 230–265;
total of moon, 1, , 6, 182, 263,
299; Instruments , 6, 230–232, 7, 231–
223, 229, 231, 232, 240, 241, 246, 247;
weather prevents observations, 4, 106,
107.See Woodpecker:
Lewis's.Atacapa Indians, Clark's note on, 6, 113.
Athabasca, fur-trade of, 1, 306, 363, 7, 335,
337; routes to, 6, 51.Athapascan Indians, tribe, 4,
213.Atkinson, Henry, at Bellefontaine, 5, 392.
Atlantic States, animals of, 4, 99–101, 106,
113, 114, 129, 131, 132, 134–136, 140, 142,
143, 147, 149–154, 158, 163, 165, 211, 216,
246, 248, 286, 5, 42, 59, 71, 76, 87, 89;
plants, 4, 16, 144, 145, 147, 173, 174;
climate compared with Rocky Mountains,
5, 11, 77, 78.Indians. See Fall.
Aublet, Jean Baptiste Christophe, French
botanist, 6, 153.Audubon, John J., presented with field-book,
3, 300.the people who pen
buffaloes to catch them) Indians, habitat,
1, 190, 7, 305; language, 1, 190.described,
1, 357–359, 6, 132, 133.Indians near, 6, 113.
See Half Man.
Ayer, Edward E., owns Whitehouse Journal,
1, lv.Indians, Yankton tribe, 1, 177.
Bache, B., subscriber to Michaux expedition,
7, 205.Bache, Richard, at Philadelphia, 7, 293.
Bache, William, son of Richard, 7, 293.
Bad Lands, location, 5, 309.
Badgers (braro, braroca, brarow),
names for, 1, 95: habitat, 3, 199, 4, 73,
76, 110, 115, 6, 122, 7, 150, 316, 327; first
seen, 7, 146; identified, 7, 75; described,
1, 95, 4, 110, 111, 115, 116, 6, 128; killed,
1, 95, 183, 2, 121, 7, 67; , 3, 54.Bags, made by Indians, 4, 66, 68; articles of
exchange, 5, 114, 115.Bain James, Henry's , 6, 276.
Baker, Captain—enters Columbia River,
3, 226.Balch,—trader on Northwest coast, 3,
306, 307, 4, 128.7, 40.
Bailard, Mrs. A. J, owns Clark letter, 7,
335.Balsam, 4, 46, 48, 5, 12; in Baker's Bay,
3, 232; on Lower Columbia, 3, 253; on
Rocky Mountains, 7, 116–118, 142, 147–
149, 157–160; Fort built of, 3,
279.Balsamorrhiza sagittata. See Sunflower.
Bancroft, H. H., historian, 1, lvi; Native
Races of the Pacific States, cited, 4, 363;
Northwest Coast, 1, lxi, 3, 327, 4, 233, 236,
266, 295.Bannack (Mont.), location, 5, 253.
Bannock (Idaho), on Grasshopper Creek,
2, 352.Barbè-Marbois, François de, arranges for
sale of Louisiana, 7, 229.Barbour, Edwin H., aid acknowledged, 1,
lix; notes by, 1, 119, 6, 164.Barton, Dr. Benjamin Smith, Philadelphia,
scientist, 1, xxxix, lvii, 323, 2, 26, 64, 205,
4, 252, 7, 394; patron of Pursh, 6, 151,
152; interest in Indian vocabularies, 7,
395, 405; connection with expedition, 7,
218, 224; scientific papers deposited with,
1, 150, 7, 400, 402, 405, 409, 420; to prepare
scientific data, 1, xlv, 2, 238, 7, 397,
398; death, 7, 397.Barton, Mrs. Benjamin Smith, surrenders
MSS., 1, xlviii, 7, 400, 402–404, 406, 414.Bartramia longicauda. See Sandpiper.
Basilicon, article of trade, 5, 98, 101; used
as remedy, 5, 107.Baskets, watapeh used for making, 4, 84;
Indians make, 4, 95, 97; used as head
covering, 4, 186, 191.Baskett, James Newton, aid acknowledged,
1, lviii; notes by, 1, 39, 128, 6, 122.Bass, William A., endorsement on supplies,
7, 242.Bass, in Missouri, 1, 110, 111.
Bates, Frederick, land-commissioner, 5, 391.
Bats, habitat, 2, 200, 6, 128, 192; leather-winged,
4, 159, 160, 6, 188, 211.Bays—
Baker's (Deception, Haley's), origin of
name, 3, 226; tributaries, 3, 227, 230, 232,
4, 137; tide in, 3, 224, 225, 228, 229, 239–241,
243; coast, 3, 227, 228, 233, 235; anchoring
places, 3, 231, 233, 340, 342; trees, 4, 47,
49; gulls, 4, 140; Indians on, 3, 227, 294;
Vancouver, 3, 226; expedition, 3, 223–225,
249, 250, 6, 22; described, 3, 341, 342.California, Spanish on, 4, 77.
Deception. See Baker's.
Gray's, origin of name, 3, 211; boundaries,
3, 210, 213; affluents, 3, 217, 219,
223, 225; tides in, 3, 211–217, 222, 225, 249,
250; driftwood, 3, 212, 213, 216–219; expedition,
3, 210, 211, 223–225, 249, 250, 328;
sketch, 3, 211.Haley's. See Baker's.
Hudson, affluents, 1, 126, 6, 119; posts
on, 1, xviii; traders, 1, 123.James, posts on, 1, xviii.
Kilamox, Indians on, 6, 71.
Meriwether. See Young's.
Shallow, distance from Missouri, 6, 69,
70; expedition on, 6, 22.Tillamook, affluents of, 3, 324, 325.
Wappatoo, Indians on, 4, 217.
Young's (Meriwether), origin of name, 3,
257, 270; affluents of, 3, 259, 269, 270, 317,
4, 77, 78, 137; swamps near, 3, 271–273,
317; explored, 3, 257–267; expedition on,
3, 269, 270, 4, 151, 153, 197, 198; crossed,
3, 285, 286, 316, 317; distance down Columbia,
6, 69; described, 3, 270.Bayou Rochedile (La.), Indians near, 6, 113.
—Teche (La.), Indians on, 6, 113.
Bazacouyà, Oto chief, meets expedition, 1,
98.Beacon (Pillar) Rock, location, 3, 180, 188–
190, 4, 248, 258; described, 4, 248, 249;
expedition at, 3, 210, 250, 4, 260.Beads, Indian word for, 3, 245, 353, 354;
method of making, 1, 272–274; measuring,
3, 328, 345, 352, 354; ornaments, 2,
372, 377, 3, 3–5, 10, 78, 105, 126, 195, 294,
297, 4, 187, 191, 215, 5, 26, 30–32; in
gambling, 4, 297, 311, 5, 27; worn in nose,
3, 144; colors preferred, 2, 340, 3, 78, 105,
185, 240, 241, 244, 251, 275, 277–279, 286,
328, 345, 352–354, 5, 30, 32; Indians
fond of, 3, 92, 95, 183, 185, 186, 328, 352,
354; in Indian trade, 3, 81, 82, 90, 182,
185, 186, 194, 328, 345, 2, 330, 331, 339,
357, 363, 4, 260, 262, 289, 5, 99, 101, 155,
156, 356, 357, 7, 162, 167, 180, 184; purchasing
medium, 3, 359, 361, 4, 74, 77,
118, 320, 321.Beans, raised by Indians, 1, 183, 186, 187,
188, 5, 377, 6, 83–92, 94; food, 1, 240,
247, 5, 353, 355; eaten by mice, 1, 187;
article of trade, 5, 327; supply, 5, 348.Bearberry (sacacommis, sackacomah, sagakomis;
Arctostaphylos uva ursi), described,
4, 12, 13, 21, 22, 25, 26; identified, 1, 266,
6, 158; origin of name, 4, 12, 13, 127;
location, 3, 271, 4, 273, 6, 213; pheasants
eat, 4, 127, 128; substitute for tobacco,
1, 166, 3, 287, 4, 127, 203, 205, 6, 155;
Indians eat, 3, 273; as present, 3, 167,
169; sold, 3, 286.Bear-grass, location, 1, 135, 3, 353, 355, 4,
24, 5, 162, 163; described, 3, 353, 355;
article of trade, 3, 185, 186, 188, 189, 353,
355, 4, 260, 262; hats made of, 3, 359–361,
4, 23, 24, 96, 5, 31; baskets, 3, 353, 355,
4, 186, 191; in Indian manufactures, 4,
187, 192.Bears : badger belongs to family, 1, 95;
habitat, 1, 42, 46, 308, 311, 2, 266, 271,
287, 296, 298, 306, 3, 5, 26, 49, 161, 162,
172, 271, 277, 346, 348, 4, 256, 5, 204, 205,
233, 236, 246, 278, 309, 325, 388, 6, 174,
7, 9, 11, 34, 84–87, 91, 92, 95, 336; size,
2, 191, 203, 5, 235, 316, 7, 108; habits,
4, 246; copulation, 6, 192; food, 1, 150,
325, 370, 372, 6, 138; abundant, 5, 63,
236, 7, 311, 314; scarce, 5, 47–50, 77;
Indians fear, 5, 35, 37; hunted, 1, 48, 50–
52, 201, 353, 372–374, 2, 112, 124, 144, 151,
171, 191, 203–206, 274, 275, 290, 4, 246,
247, 5, 34–39, 41, 64, 66, 132, 133, 145,
155–158, 243, 244, 276; signs discovered,
1, 57, 296, 317, 322, 323, 367; encounters
with, 2, 4, 24, 25, 28, 29, 33, 34, 37, 109,
121, 156, 157, 171, 172, 186, 193, 203, 5,
203, 204, 316; attack cattle, 5, 236; Ibex,
2, 243, 5, 256; various species, 2, 151, 5,
34, 37, 38, 41, 44, 65, 7, 316; claws, as ornament,
3, 5, 4, 187, 191, 372, 5, 30, 356; as
present, 5, 37; oil, used by expedition, 1,
372, 374, 2, 25, 34, 60, 61, 3, 71, 5, 165,
167; as remedy, 5, 109; cooking, 3, 161,
162; in Indian trade, 6, 85; skins, in fur-trade,
1, 132, 6, 83–85, 87, 90–93, 95, 96,
104, 105, 108–111, 7, 325; cached, 1,
36, 2, 140, 143, 7, 99; destroyed, 5, 201;
preserved, 5, 230; lost, 5, 228; Indian
robes of, 3, 10, 4, 185, 189; quivers of,
3, 347, 349; sent to Jefferson, 1, 281;
cream colored, 5, 65.Cinnamon (Ursus cinnamomeus), 5, 91.
Black (U. Americanus), described, 1,
350, 372, 5, 65, 91, 92; habitat, 1, 314, 317,
348, 349, 2, 60, 4, 54, 55, 73, 75, 78, 84, 229,
231, 256, 287, 5, 38, 41, 44, 45, 135, 265, 6,
122; habits, 4, 78, 84; food, 5, 65; abundant,
4, 54, 55.Grizzly (brown, white; U. horribilis), described,
1, 350, 351, 5, 46, 47, 91, 92, 103,
104; habitat, 1, 134, 176, 182, 201, 343, 345,
348, 2, 125, 172, 173, 4, 73, 75, 78, 83, 84,
5, 43, 45, 103, 104, 107, 109, 123, 127, 135,
148, 198, 203, 232, 240, 257, 266, 275, 312,
317, 323, 7, 316; first encountered, 7, 78;
size, 1, 372–374, 7, 78, 82; size of tracks, 1,
201, 302, 303, 2, 145; ferocity, 1, 351, 2, 4,
25; shy, 2, 268; hard to kill, 2, 25, 28, 48,
49, 89, 90, 109, 3, 5; food, 2, 12, 28, 167, 261,
, 298, 7, 78; compared with black, 1, 350,
372; Indian method of hunting, 1, 303, 351,
7, 154, 180; considered heroic to kill, 3, 29;
hunted, 1, 201, 2, 25, 27, 33, 34, 38, 41, 43,
49, 60, 61, 64, 65, 109, 124, 6, 227, 7, 82,
109, 122, 147, 158; encounters with, 2, 24,
32–34, 37, 39, 109, 121, 122, 156, 157, 193,
5, 324, 6, 132, 7, 81, 82, 104, 108, 120, 125,
126; eaten, 5, 232, 7, 81; oil, 5, 232.Bear's claw (Delphinium), identified, 6, 213.
Bear's Teeth, entrance to Gate of the
Mountains, 2, 248.Beaverhead (Point of Rocks), on Missouri,
identified, 2, 321; distance up Missouri,
6, 63; expedition at, 2, 328, 332, 344, 345,
6, 19.Beavers, badger resembles, 1, 95; habitat, 1,
40, 65, 106, 108, 149, 176, 343, 346, 362, 365,
367, 2, 116, 119, 125, 233, 248, 263, 265,
273–275, 278, 280, 290, 304, 306, 309, 320,
344, 3, 61, 159, 307, 308, 318, 4, 73, 76, 96,
98, 194, 349, 350, 5, 194, 211, 233, 238,
243, 251, 253, 256–260, 263–265, 267, 288,
290, 297, 302, 306, 307, 320, 357, 6, 26, 27,
63, 103, 266, 269, 7, 56, 119, 120, 124, 126–
128, 131, 132, 332, 336; habits, 1, 298;
breeding, 3, 319, 337; stones, 3, 319, 337;
fur, 1, 322, 323; damage timber, 1, 315,
348, 2, 17, 68, 200, 312, 317, 7, 80; food,
1, 315, 329, 2, 10, 145; houses, 1, 99, 104,
134, 197, 319, 2, 4; dams, 1, 110, 2, 245,
247, 265–268, 286, 287, 300, 301, 305, 329,
351, 375, 3, 64, 6, 15, 77, 7, 124, 126–128,
132, 147, 155; described, 2, 300; hunted,
1, 95–97, 111, 118, 134, 146, 161, 203, 210,
217, 222, 293, 298, 300, 301, 304, 315, 316,
319–326, 331, 357, 360, 361, 2, 4, 6, 7, 9,
12, 13, 20, 22, 24, 27, 31, 47–49, 65, 94, 96,
112, 121, 172, 207, 208, 211, 214, 293, 295,
332, 333, 368, 369, 376, 4, 54, 55, 194, 341
343, 344, 5, 193, 195, 207, 230–232, 243, 259,
6, 225, 7, 99, 104, 110, 115, 117, 118, 125,
137–139; method of taking, 3, 347, 349;
bait, 3, 318, 319, 336, 337, 6, 136; traps,
1, 97, 320, 321, 2, 140, 143, 4, 57, 68, 70,
5, 335; kept for pet, 7, 47; tamed, 1,
96; wounds dog, 2, 48, 49; as food, 3,
36, 38, 313, 314, 336, 4, 68, 70; tail considered
delicacy, 1, 294, 318, 360, 370;
skins, Indian robes of, 2, 377, 3, 10, 123,
239, 242, 4, 185, 190; expedition wear,
3, 207, 209; trade in, 1, 132, 2, 384, 3,
203, 205, 207, 209, 328, 345, 5, 222, 334,
6, 84–90, 92, 93, 95–97, 100, 102, 104, 105,
107–111; cached, 2, 140, 143, 7, 99; as
present, 5, 353.Bedford (Mont.), Lewis at site of, 2, 264.
Beech trees, location, 3, 205, 244, 259, 4,
56, 276; tree resembling, 3, 172, 174;
identified, 3, 174.Beef-suet tree. See Buffalo-berry.
Bees: honey—habitat, 2, 141, 5, 88, 90,
bumble—habitat, 5, 88, 90.Beeswax, used to caulk boats, 2, 212; as
remedy, 5, 109.Beetles, habitat, 6, 171, 213; tumble-bug—
habitat, 5, 87, 89; large cow—habitat,
5, 87, 89; blue, 6, 190.Bell, Solomon, Tales of Travels west of
Mississippi, 1, lxxxvii.Bellefontaine (Mo.), 1, 17, 5, 392, 393.
Bellows, Indians amazed at, 1, 241, 242;
cached, 2, 136, 140, 143.Bennet,—, St. Louis trader, 1, 78.
Berberis aquifolium, Pursh; B. nervosa,
Pursh. See Evergreens and Holly.Berdashes (Fr. bardoche), described, 1,
239;Bernicla brenta. See Brant: brown.
Bernicla, canadensis; B. hutchinsi. See
Geese.Berries, in Indian trade, 3, 302, 305, 308, 310,
352, 354, 4, 68, 280, 282; as food, 3, 15–
17, 22, 26, 32, 36, 38, 52, 55, 78, 82, 138,
139, 165, 166, 170, 208, 292, 4, 306;
made into bread, 3, 277; as present, 3,
129, 132, 173, 175, 185, 292. See also
the several kinds.Berton,—, lead mines on River Merimeg, 6,
161, 7, 300.Betula fontinalis, Sargent; B. glandulosa, M.
See Birch.Beuffe de Medicine, Teton chief, meets expedition,
1, 164.Beuffles de Medicines, Indian tribe, 1,
182.Biddle, Craig, sont of Nicholas, 1, xliv; aid
acknowledged, 1, lix.Biddle, Nicholas, edits journals, 1, xxxviii-xlix,
3, 43, 6, 121, 7, 29; engages Allen,
1, xli xlii; seeks publisher, 1, xli, xlii:
size of edition, 1, xliii, profits, 1, xliii;
value of work, 1, xlv; surrenders manuscripts,
1, xlvii, xlviii, 7, 397, 398, 400,
402, 403, 408–422; sketch, 1, xxxviii;
edits Portfolio, 1, xxxviii, 215.Bier, etymology of word, 2, 197; meaning,
2, 197, 198; expedition carries, 1, 52, 2,
197–199, 228, 235, 256, 257, 296, 358, 7,
299.Big Ax (Ox), Oto chief, expedition meets,
1, 113.Big-bellies. See Minitaree Indians.
Big Blue Eyes, Oto chief, expedition meets,
1, 113; certificate given to, 1, 113, 114.Big Bone Lick (Ky.), Lewis at, 2, 73, 76;
mammoth found at, 7, 274; exploration
of, 7, 274–278.Big Hole, battle of, 5, 251.
Big Hole Pass, 5, 250.
Big-horn, Chopunnish chief, origin, of name,
4, 351.Bighorns (Ovis montana), described, 5,
229, 231; habitat, 3, 30, 5, 293, 297, 302,
311, 315, 318, 323, 6, 122; hunted, 5,
293, 294, 324, 6, 134, 227; use of horns,
3, 19, 20; skins, 3, 4, 5, 298; specimen
preserved, 5, 229–232. See also Ibex,
Goats, and Sheep: mountain.Big Horse (Shōngŏtōngŏ), Oto chief, expedition
meets, 1, 98, 7, 50; medal given
to, 1, 113.Big Man (Ohheenar), Mandan chief, 1, 212,
255, 264, 7, 306.Big Medicine, Indian term for great spirit,
1, 361.Big Ox. See Big Ax.
Big Rock (on Missouri), expedition on, 2,
242.Big Stealer. See Marnohtah.
Big Track, Osage chief, 6, 84.
Big White (Shahaka, Shekeke), Mandan
chief: expedition meets, 1, 212; visits
Fort Mandan, 1, 255, 264, 268, 275, 6,
180, 7, 70; gives presents, 1, 219; receives,
5, 393; given medal, 1, 213;
Lewis hunts, with, 1, 234, 235; aids Lewis,
1, 262; accompanies expedition on return,
5, 343, 345, 351–353, 378, 7, 329, 337, 349;
visits Jefferson, 7, 345; returns to tribe,
5, 393, 7, 362; speech of, 7, 306; map
of Yellowstone, 1, 245; characterized,
1, 212.Bigelowia graveolens, in Lewis herbarium,
6, 156; identified, 6, 158.Billings (Mont.), Clark at, 5, 290.
Billon, Frederic L., Annals of St. Louis, 1,
4, 22, 7, 289.Biloni Indians, Clark's note on, 6, 113.
Biloxi Indians, Clark's note on, 6, 112, 113.
Birard,—, money sent to, 7, 400.
Birch trees (Betula glandulosa, M.), location,
1, 149, 2, 320, 322, 3, 204, 4, 342, 343, 5,
245, 6, 213, 7, 127; black, location, 6,
140; dwarf, described, 2, 303; bark used
in canoes, 4, 84.Birds, on Missouri, 1, 39, 81; on Lolo trail,
3, 74–76; between Rockies and Pacific,
4, 121, 122; singing, 5, 199; pen for
catching, 5, 271; claws used as ornaments,
3, 10. See also the several species.Biscuits, supply carried on expedition, 2,
189, 190, 5, 388; as present, 5, 384, 387.Bismarck (N. Dak.), expedition at, 1, xxxii, 201.
Bissel, Capt. D., men selected from troop,
7, 272.Bissel, Capt. R., men selected from troop,
7, 272.Bitter Root Forest Reserve, trail through,
3, 64, 65.Bitter root, plant gives name to mountains,
3, 13.Black Bird, Omaha chief, 1, 124; burial
place described, 1, 106, 7, 25, 49; sketch,
1, 106.Black Buffalo (Beuffle Noir, Tartackkahsabbar),
Teton chief, medal given to, 1,
164, 267, 5, 366.Black Cat (Posecopsahe), Mandan chief,
visits Fort Mandan, 1, 113, 209, 212, 221,
223, 228, 233, 236, 244, 247, 5, 287, 340;
Lewis visits, 1, 284, 287; presents given
to, 1, 228, 256, 259; speech, 7, 306;
characterized, 1, 256; his son visits Fort
Mandan, 1, 266, 268.Black Gun. See Tooettecon'l.
Black Man, Mandan chief, visits Fort Mandan,
1, 255.Black Moccasin (Ompsehara), Minitaree
chief, expedition meets, 1, 212, 266, 270.Blackbirds (Molothrus ater), common to
United States, 4, 129, 131; on Missouri,
1, 123, 2, 130, 162, 186, 5, 176, 6, 190, 193,
213, 217, 7, 112; on Yellowstone, 6, 225;
on Columbia, 4, 216, 7, 152; nests, 1,
308; killed by hail, 6, 194.Blackfoot Indians, described, 6, 111; habitat,
2, 98, 99, 5, 106, 6, 111, 7, 90, 91;
secret society among, 1, 130; war trails,
5, 189; relations with other tribes, 2, 42,
44, 252, 5, 24, 27; hostility of, 2, 276, 5,
79, 206, 223, 224, 321, 338; capture Colter,
5, 341; kill Drouillard, 1, 222; reservation,
5, 213, 214, 220.Blackfoot (Ida.), on Great Northern Railway,
5, 214, 218.Blackman, E. E., aid acknowledged, 1, lix;
notes by, 1, 94, 127.Blackwell, R., subscriber to Michaux expedition,
7, 205.Blair, Emma Helen, aid acknowledged, 1,
lix; Philippine Islands, 1, lix.Blaireau. See Badger.
Blaireau camp, expedition at, 7, 47.
Blankets, woven by Indians, 4, 96, 97, 185,
189; robes of, 1, 112, 4, 185, 189, 5, 365;
in Indian trade, 1, 169, 174, 4, 305, 307,
5, 222, 322, 334; lost, 5, 86, 88, 146.Blindness, snow produces, 1, 262; cure, 1,
262.Blood Indians, enemies of, 6, 105.
Blow-flies, habitat, 2, 51, 54, 214, 219, 4,
246, 5, 87, 89.Bluebells (Campanula rotundifolia, L.), location,
5, 138, 140.Blue bird, on Lolo Trail, 3, 72.
Blue jay, on Lolo Trail, 3, 74, 75.
Blue Mud Indians, described, 6, 106.
Bluffs—
Black, on Yellowstone, 6, 76.
Blue Stone, location, 5, 377.
Burning, location, 1, 118–120, 315–318,
331, 348, 352, 353, 363, 365, 2, 80, 84–86,
103, 5, 239, 240, 309, 6, 58, 163, 164, 225;
distance up Missouri, 6, 58; causes of, 1,
119.Calumet, location, 1, 126, 127; distance
up Missouri, 6, 58, 7, 189; trees on, 6,
140; game, 6, 122; minerals, 6, 160, 161,
164; Indians, 1, 126, 5, 372; expedition,
1, 125; astronomical observation at, 6,
253; latitude, 7, 190.Chalk, expedition at, 6, 252, 253.
Chickasaw, Lewis at, 7, 368.
Chimney, location, 6, 75.
Chouteau, expedition passes, 1, 140, 5,
369.Cut, location, 1, 326, 327, 329, 330.
Floyd's, location, 1, 115, 7, 51; distance
up Missouri, 6, 58; expedition at, 5, 376.Red, location, 7, 43.
Snake, location, 1, 48.
Stone Coal, location, 6, 75.
Tumbling, location, 6, 76.
Boas, Franz, Chinook Texts, 3, 245.
Boats, carried by expedition, 1, 284, 7, 236,
247, 320; specifications for, 7, 214–216;
construction, 7, 214, 225, 260, 266, 269,
270, 272; how manned, 1, 31; accidents
to, 1, 279, 332, 334, 366, 368, 373, 2, 7,
8, 23, 34–38, 146, 296, 315, 317, 7, 128,
129, 168, 169, 172, 173; repaired, 7, 181,
184; frozen in Missouri, 1, 251–253, 265,
266, 278; towed, 2, 40, 41, 43, 45, 46, 48,
49, 51, 54, 56, 58, 59, 67, 71, 78, 87, 92,
97, 106, 107, 109; sailed, 1, 111, 2, 41, 67,
70; carried on wheels, 2, 163, 165, 166,
178, 7, 102, 103, 106; sailed on land, 2,
187, 188; portage Columbia falls, 7, 178–
180, 183, 184; cached, 7, 98; built, 7,
161, 163–168, 266; skin boats (bull-boats),
1, 87, 181, 182, 185, 194, 219, 2, 32, 109,
126, 165, 166, 169, 172, 178–181, 185, 186,
188, 191–193, 200–204, 207–210, 212, 5,
199, 204, 229, 242, 325, 327, 330, 335, 337,
361, 6, 39, 75, 79; size, 2, 184; number
of skins required, 2, 201; construction
difficult, 2, 178, 185, 203, 207; caulked,
2, 214, 215; launched, 2, 217, 220;
manned, 2, 215; failure, 2, 218–220, 7,
435112; cached, 2, 218, 220, 5, 201, 7, 102;
Schenectady, 5, 390, 391; batteaux, 5,
321, 374; described, 5, 390, 391. See
also Canoes, and the several kinds."Bodewash." See Buffalo-chips.
Boils (tumors), expedition suffers from, 1,
51, 79, 95, 2, 22, 49, 159, 289, 290, 292, 301,
302, 309, 310, 313, 316, 318, 321, 324.Boilvin,—, gives ore specimen, 7, 300.
Bois Brulé, tribe of Sioux, 1, 169, 7, 55.
Bois de vache. See Buffalo-chips.
Bois roche (rouge). See Redwood.
Bois roulé. See Kinnikinnic.
Boley (Boleye, Bolye, Boyley, Moses B.
Read ?), John, with expedition, 1, 10, 11,
13, 14, 31.Bollman, Dr.—, bill against Jefferson, 7,
217, 224.Bonaparte, Napoleon, sells Louisiana, 1,
xxxi, 22.Bonasa umbellus. See Pheasants.
Bones, as ornaments, 3, 6, 10, 105, 126, 178;
as fish-gigs, 3, 9; marrow eaten, 1, 211.Boninger, P, B., note by, 3, 130.
Boone, Daniel, Missouri pioneer, 1, xix, lv,
27, 6, 30.Boone's Settlement, in Missouri, 5, 344, 6,
30, 7, 31.Bordley, J. B., subscriber to Michaux expedition,
7, 205.Boston : Athenæum owns editions of journals,
1, lxiii; Boston Centinel, 7, 324, 347;
Boston Chronicle, 7, 229; Public Library
owns editions of journals, 1, lxii.Botany, observations by expedition, 6, 137–
158, 171–177; specimens collected, 1, 281,
2, 189, 190, 320, 376, 6, 151–158, 7, 322,
323, 337, 393. See also the several plants.Boudin blanc. See White Pudding.
Bougainville,—, on French posts, 1, 65;
Northern and Western Boundaries of Ontario,
1, 65.Bourgmont, Etienne Vényard, establishes
Fort Orleans, 1, 50; among Kansa, 1,
67; "Relation du voyage," 1, 68.Bowman, J., tattooed on Indian's arm, 3,
239, 241.Bowyer's Sulphur Spring (Va.), waters of,
2, 163.Bozeman (Mont.), Peter Koch in, 5, 261;
Clark at site, 5, 261.Bozeman Pass, over Rockies, 2, 335.
Brackenridge, H. M., at La Charette, 5, 390;
Journal of Voyage up River Missouri, 1,
39, 270, 5, 373; Views of Louisiana, 1,
27, 106, 119, 189, 212.Bradbury, John, meets Grey Eyes, 5, 351;
meets James Aird, 5, 374; Lewis to consult,
7, 367; Travels, 3, 144, 5, 373.Braddock, Gen. Edwin, in French and Indian
War, 5, 394.Bradford, Thomas, publisher, 1, xli-xliv.
Bradford & Inskeep, publish Biddle's Narrative,
1, xlii, 7, 397, 411.Braham, John, letter to Stoddard, 7, 389.
Branding-iron, carried on expedition, 3,
94.Brandon House, Hudson's Bay Company
post, 6, 269.Brants, habitat, 1, 159, 179–181, 219, 288,
289, 291, 296, 303, 305, 362, 370, 2, 82, 83,
3, 189–191, 193, 194, 196, 199–201, 227–
232, 239, 244, 246, 248, 250, 256, 258, 274–
276, 307, 308, 4, 147, 168, 169, 6, 68, 130,
170, 175, 177, 187, 188, 7, 185–188; migrate,
3, 240; too wild to shoot, 3, 254,
255; skins in robes, 3, 238; brown: described,
1, 370, 4, 144, 146, 147; habitat,
6, 204; grey, 1, 373; white: described,
1, 370, 371, 373, 4, 143, 144, 146; habitat,
1, 180, 4, 143, 144, 146, 6, 204, 7, 316;
pied: described, 4, 137, 138, 170–172;
drawing of head, 4, 172.Braro. See Badger.
Brass, in Indian trade, 3, 185, 4, 305, 307,
317, 318; ornament, 3, 78, 82, 105, 126,
195, 5, 30, 32; buttons, 4, 224; rings in
trade, 1, 234; wire, 3, 240, 243, 244, 359,
361.Brasse (brace), French linear measure, 1,
269.Brassica sinafistrum (kail), location, 6, 143.
Bratton (Bratten), William, with expedition,
1, 11–13, 30, 284, 287, 7, 30, 357; receives
votes for sergeantcy, 1, 117;
at Spirit Mound, 1, 121; on court
martial, 1, 192; sent for deserter, 1, 102,
7, 48; chased by bear, 2, 24, 25; hunter,
2, 72, 75, 5, 363, 6, 225; messenger, 2,
225, 226; canoe-maker, 2, 203, 204; canoe
voyage, 3, 218, 219; with Clark, 3, 229–
238, 5, 259, 319; vote on wintering
place, 3, 247; salt-maker, 3, 291, 293,
313; sees whale, 3, 320; illness, 2, 22,
224, 4, 57–60, 72, 75, 77, 78, 81, 83, 88, 89,
91, 92, 94, 95, 97, 138, 139, 141–143, 145,
147, 149, 170, 172, 193–195, 199, 218, 266,
304, 309, 311, 5, 60–63, 80, 82, 103, 104,
117, 118; trader, 5, 107, 108; horse lost,
5, 151; hunts for horse, 5, 278, 280; with
Pryor, 5, 326; creek named for, 5, 272;
discharge papers, 7, 343; land warrant,
7, 343; pay, 7, 360, 361; monument, 1,
117.Brave Man, Oto chief, visits expedition, 1,
113.Bread, made by Indians, 4, 14; article of
trade, 5, 49, 51–54, 62, 63, 68, 72, 74,
75, 77, 86, 88, 95, 97, 98, 101, 107, 108,
110–113." Bread root." See Hankee.
Breech-cloths, worn by Indians, 1, 98, 112.
Briar (green), habitat, 4, 200, 201, 203; described,
4, 60, 61, 64, 256, 257.Bridport, Lord, mountain named for, 3,
193.British, in fur-trade, 1, xviii, xxii, 222, 227–
229, 231, 363, 6, 51; monopoly of, 6, 52,
7, 336, 337; extent of operations, 1, 308;
posts on Assiniboin, 1, 205, 237, 238, 302,
305–307, 310, 5, 176, 179, 6, 90, 268, 269;
goods cheap, 7, 374; relations with
Indians, 1, 132, 189, 223, 248, 7, 373–383,
398, 399; with United States, 2, 131, 5,
375, 376, 6, 51; take possession of
Oregon, 3, 226.British Columbia, Indian reservations in,
3, 27.—Museum (London), owns editions, 1,
lxii.—Philosophical Society, Transactions,
7, 276.Brockton (Mont), expedition camps at
site, 1, 355.Brodiœa douglasii, Wats. See Hyacinths.
Broken Arm (Tinnachemootoolt), Chopunnish
chief, relations with other tribes, 5,
113; relations with expedition, 5, 23, 26,
36, 61, 63, 74, 77, 103, 104, 106, 107,
110, 112, 113, 119, 120, 157; makes
presents, 5, 25, 28; harangues council, 5, 23, 79.Broken Moccasin (Moccasin with Holes),
Indians, food of, 2, 381.Bromus marginatus. See Grasses.
Brook, Big Dry, Yellowstone affluent, 6, 76.
—, Gun, distance up Missouri, 6, 63.
—, Island, Yellowstone affluent, 6, 75.
—, Pine, Yellowstone affluent, 6, 75.
—, Wood, Yellowstone affluent, 6, 75.
Brooks, Noah, First Across the Continent, 1,
xci.Broom,—, Superintendent Indian affairs,
7, 384.Bross, Ernest, editor, 5, 103.
Broughton, Lieut. W. R., explores Columbia,
3, 193, 226, 7, 258; gives geographical
names, 3, 253, 258.Brown,—, signs fur-trade license, 5, 386.
—, Stewardson, note by, 6, 151–153; aid
acknowledged, 1, lviii.—, William, U. S. collector at New
Orleans, 7, 322.Brulé City (S. Dak.), expedition near, 1,
146.Brunswick (Mo.), location, 1, 50.
Bryce, George, History of Hudson's Bay
Company, 1, 268, 2, 132.Buchanan, William, U. S. consul, 7, 251.
Buckeye, location, 6, 141.
Buffalo, habitat, 1, 41, 123, 140, 149, 155,
158–160, 197–199, 201, 314, 315, 317, 322,
326, 327, 329, 331, 335, 342, 343, 348, 349,
353, 356, 362, 365–367, 370, 373, 374, 2,
12, 13, 17, 27, 33, 40, 45, 47, 64, 66, 108,
113, 117, 121–123, 143, 147, 150, 151, 155,
156, 167, 168, 173, 179, 180, 188–190, 194,
383, 4, 345, 347, 5, 196, 206, 211, 348, 349,
6, 175, 7, 46, 70; scarce, 2, 258, 266, 300,
5, 196, 201, 212, 215, 231, 233, 322, 323,
359; plentiful, 1, 143, 151, 153, 161, 201–
203, 236, 2, 201, 202, 211–214, 230, 235,
236, 374, 5, 197–199, 208, 210, 226, 229,
230, 234, 236, 269, 279, 289, 290, 292–294,
297, 302, 307, 311, 312, 316, 362–364, 7,
102–105, 311, 325; tame, 1, 329, 331, 367;
timid, 2, 144; cows defend young, 1, 329,
331; food, 1, 150, 338, 2, 25, 170; drink
salt water, 2, 174, 5, 211; poor, 1, 259,
260, 324; hide thick, 2, 249; grazing
grounds, 1, 269, 3, 149, 5, 189, 206, 331,
6, 55; wolves follow, 1, 201, 371, 5, 206,
279; roads, 2, 182, 183, 5, 94, 186, 189,
210, 249, 261–264, 6, 25, 75; crossings,
6, 75; swim, 2, 124, 5, 240, 314, 316;
drowned, 1, 302, 343, 345, 370, 2, 38, 149,
167, 168, 171, 192, 5, 324, 6, 62, 7, 100,
104, 105; Indian superstitions concerning,
1, 250; method of hunting, 1, 234, 258,
278, 279, 2, 93–95; signs of, 5, 195, 259,
261; hunted, 1, 40, 61, 86, 89, 92, 109,
110, 118, 132, 140, 142–144, 149, 157, 190,
202, 219, 220, 224, 234–238, 244, 245, 259,
260, 305, 307, 311, 317, 319, 332, 338, 357,
360, 372, 374, 2, 7, 8, 15, 19, 20, 22, 24,
33, 39, 52, 57, 58, 68, 70, 79, 83, 99, 103,
105, 109, 112, 117, 119, 126, 127, 129, 145,
152, 153, 159, 168, 169, 171, 174, 182, 183,
188, 189, 194, 195, 201, 207, 208, 212–215,
217, 223, 224, 227, 228, 234, 235, 3, 18,
106, 5, 197, 213, 215, 216, 222, 236, 237,
239, 261, 266, 272, 273, 276, 278, 281, 297,
298, 311, 325, 364, 373, 377, 6, 120, 180,
185, 7, 71, 100, 106, 107, 109, 110, 113,
115, 141, 143, 145, 150; stampede camp,
2, 90, 91, 95, 6, 62; pursue Cruzatte, 6,
132; eaten, 1, 151, 196, 2, 16, 3, 78, 5,
199, 206, 214; parts preferred, 2, 151,
437196, 234; meat dried, 1, 168, 2, 153, 166,
169, 174, 5, 201; used as present, 1, 167,
216, 5, 352, 353; tallow, 1, 306, 2, 186,
190, 191, 200, 6, 85, 100, 104, 157; dung
as fuel, 2, 249, 250, 5, 213; head as ornament,
5, 289; hair made into cord, 3, 30;
cloth, 1, 320; skins: uses, 3, 3, 12, 31, 5,
288; halters, 3, 30; shields, 3, 19, 20;
lodges, 1, 128, 285, 310, 5, 221, 352;
canoes, 1, 149, 151, 182, 185, 219, 2, 193,
201, 5, 199, 204, 288, 325, 326, 361, 6, 39,
75, 79; robes, 1, 112, 128, 130, 167, 189,
211, 234, 247, 281, 282, 2, 376, 377, 3, 10,
105, 5, 55, 356, 6, 49, 7, 174, 303, 323;
dead wrapped in, 1, 208; in trade, 1, 206,
221, 223, 4, 308, 6, 45, 86, 87, 89, 90, 96,
97, 100, 104; cured, 3, 20; cached, 7,
99.Buffalo-berries (Rabbit; Fr. graisse de
bœuf; Sheperdia argentea), identified 6,
158; location, 1, 119, 161, 5, 209, 302, 6,
188, 7, 52, 120; cuttings preserved, 7,
326; in Lewis herbarium, 6, 155.Buffalo-chips (bodewash, bois de vache),
used as fuel, 2, 249.Buffalo-fish, habitat, 1, 96, 111, 6, 174.
Buffalo-gnats (Simulium), annoy expedition,
2, 225, 226, 228, 229, 241, 259, 261, 266,
270, 282, 319.Bufo columbiensis. See Toads.
Bulfinch, Thomas, Oregon and Eldorado, 1,
lxxxviii.Bull-boats. See Boats: skin.
Bullrushes, location, 2, 263, 290, 3, 204,
205; Indians use, 4, 66.Ball-snake (Pityophis melanolenca), described,
6, 124; habitat, 7, 24.Bunch, George, for-trade agent, 1, 238.
—. See Root.
Burnia. See Le Borgne.
Burr, Aaron, duel with Hamilton, 5, 375.
Burraht, John James, drawings for journals,
7, 363.Butler, James D., Introduction to Floyd's
journal, 1, lv, lxxxv, xc.Butte (Mont.), mineral resources of, 2, 304,
305; electric power, 2, 256.Butterflies, habitat, 4, 246, 5, 87, 89.
Buttons, article of trade, 4, 224, 311, 317,
318, 5, 51, 98, 101; ornaments, 3, 19.Buzzards. See Condors and Vultures.
Byar, W. V., Memoir of Saugrain, 1, 22.
Byrd, Col.—, manuscript journal, 7, 401.
Caboose (Callaboos, camboose), term defined,
1, 255.Cabra (Cabrakokâ). See Antelope.
Caches (Cashes), derivation of name 2, 134;
method of making, 2, 136, 137; expedition
makes, 2, 134, 136, 139, 141, 164,
169, 172, 189, 190, 193, 194, 220, 375, 376,
3, 11, 6, 8, 77, 79, 7, 98, 102, 103, 139, 166.Cadoquies Indians, Clark's note on, 6, 113.
Cahokia, fruit of, 6, 173; traders at, 7,
251; Garreau, 1, 7; Hay, 5, 394; La
Croix family, 5, 381; Lewis, 1, 4, 6, 270,
7, 279–282, 288, 294; St. Clair, 7, 200,
201; mail station, 5, 394.Cahokia Indians, destroyed by Sauk, 6,
93.Cajeu (Caissee, Cajaux, Cajeux, Chaussies),
a small craft, 1, 34, 36, 40, 44, 48.Calamox (Callamok, Callamuck), Indians.
See Tillamook.Calasthocle Indians, habitat, 6, 118; numbers,
6, 118.California, streams of, 4, 227, 239, 240, 287,
308, 337, 339; quail in, 4, 250–253; Indians,
2, 345; Kearny, 5, 386.Callallament,—, wooden-legged Northwest
trader, 3, 307, 4, 178.Callamon,—, trader, 4, 169.
Callarpoewah (Callahpoewah) Indians, See
Kalapuya.Calochortus, named by Pursh, 6, 153.
Caltarcota (Cherry), Minitaree chief, expedition
meets, 1, 213, 5, 343.Calumet, described, 2, 341, 342; ceremony,
1, 167; eagle feathers adorn, 1, 199, 4,
159; smoked, 1, 204, 2, 340–342; illustration,
2, 342.Camas. See Quamash.
Camassia esculenta; C. leuchlini. See
Quamash.Cameâhwait (Kameahwah), Shoshoni chief,
significance of name, 3, 29; Lewis meets,
2, 340, 347–360; Sacajawea, 2, 361;
medal given, 2, 363; explains customs,
3, 18, 40; treachery attempted, 3, 34–36;
accompanies Lewis, 3, 13, 34–42; enjoys
food, 3, 14; aids expedition, 2, 342, 347,
379–383, 3, 43; makes map, 2, 380; characterized,
2, 366.Cameron, Murdoch, for-trader, 5, 286, 6,
45, 89, 95; among Sioux, 1, 267; Indians
kill agents, 1, 275; influence with Indians,
7, 374.Campanula rotundifolia, L. See Bluebells,
and Flax.Camps—
Canoe, expedition at, 6, 72.
Chopunnish, physocarpus at, 4, 49; reptiles
near, 5, 86, 89.Deposit, expedition at, 7, 99.
Disappointment, Lewis's party in, 5,
218.Fish, expedition at, 6, 58; latitude, 7,
190.Panther, expedition at, 2, 40.
Pleasant (Dak.), 7, 59.
River Dubois, Lewis at, 7, 294; Ordway,
7, 298.Rock Fort, location, 3, 159; named, 3,
159; expedition at, 3, 156–165, 4, 284, 285,
293, 300, 341, 343, 6, 214, 216.Rope Walk, expedition at, 7, 36.
Station, distance from Missouri, 6, 70;
expedition at, 6, 22.White Catfish, distance up Missouri, 6,
58; expedition at, 6, 5; latitude, 7, 190.Campbell,—, fur-trader, headquarters, 6, 93.
Camphor, as medicine, 4, 141, 142, 298;
plant tastes like, 1, 307.Canada, streams of, 5, 94, 390; trees, 4,
45, 47; Scotch in, 5, 390; traders, 6, 51;
Royal Society Proceedings, 141; Archives
Report (1889), 1, 221.Cancerwort, habitat, 5, 108, 110.
Cancezs Indians. See Kansa.
Candles, of elk's tallow, 3, 340, 341; as
provision, 3, 71.Candolle, Alphonse Louis Pierre Pyremus
de, botanist, names plant, 6, 153.Cane, grows on Missouri, 1, 67, 68.
Canenaviech Indians. See Arapaho.
Cania. See Coboway.
Canis latrans. See Coyote.
Canis lupus occidentalis. See Wolves.
Cannon, as equipment, 5, 367; astonishes
Mandan, 1, 249.Canoes, Indian, described, 3, 88, 91, 112,
150, 151, 166, 167, 208, 4 19, 21, 30–36;
ride-waves well, 3, 166, 215–217, 221, 222,
256; prized, 4, 33, 36; decorated, 3, 151,
165–167, 195, 198, 200, 202, 4, 199; sacrificed
to dead, 3, 165, 4, 369, 371; used
for burial, 3, 250, 252, 260, 323, 326, 327,
4, 50, 51, 198, 200; price, 4, 168, 169, 175,
176, 178, 273, 275, 276, 278; purchased,
4, 162, 165, 176, 178; exchanged for
horses, 4, 232, 235, 319, 5, 52, 53; beads,
4, 304, 312, 319–321; elk skins, 4, 199,
232, 235; borrowed, 4, 331, 333, 335, 337;
cared for, 3, 303; expedition makes, 2,
219–224, 226, 228, 229, 3, 91, 92, 5, 13,
52–54, 67, 176, 199, 200, 276, 278, 279,
281, 325, 326, 389, 6, 76, 79; size, 5, 229,
240, 242, 309, 319, 349, 377; timber for,
3, 15, 17, 33, 34, 88, 5, 211, 265–267, 269,
275, 276; launched, 3, 94, 95, 97; propelled
by poles, 2, 263, 3, 88; fastened
together, 5, 344; accidents to, 2, 7, 8, 3,
97–99, 150, 182, 184, 188–190, 343, 343,
4, 266, 5, 86, 88, 92, 93, 368; drift off, 3,
338, 339, 342, 343; broken by waves, 3,
221, 222, 243, 253, 4, 258; sunk, 3, 17,
99, 101, 212, 213, 216, 254, 4, 155, 156,
264, 265, 273, 275, 5, 254; waves obstruct,
4, 84–86; repaired, 1, 278, 2, 140,
141, 3, 10, 160–162, 4, 180, 182, 192, 196,
211, 212, 274, 277, 5, 238, 239, 255, 330;
portaged, 4, 262–267, 271, 295, 5, 332, 7,
178–180, 183, 184; shoot narrows, 3, 151,
154, 156–159; transport baggage, 4, 39,
40, 49, 50, 190, 304, 311, 5, 25, 256, 322,
377; cached, 2, 318, 319, 5, 257, 258, 6,
77, 79; used for fuel, 4, 297, 300, 304,
312; illustrated, 4, 31, 32, 35, 36. See
also Boats, and Perogues.Can̄on Ferry (Mont.), expedition at, 2, 256;
power house at, 2, 256.—, Hellgate, described by Lewis, 5, 189.
—, Rocky, 5, 261.
Cape Disappointment, origin of name, 3,
226; location, 3, 230, 231, 251, 254, 269,
270; described, 3, 231, 233; sighted, 3,
224, 226; lighthouse on, 3, 233; distance
from Missouri, 6, 70.—Falcon. See False Tillamook Head.
—Girardeau (Gerrardeau), location, 6,
31; Indians near, 6, 112.—Good Hope, passage by, 7, 335.
—Hancock. See Point Disappointment.
—Shoalwater, Indians on, 6, 70.
—Swells, expedition rounds, 3, 210, 211.
Capote, cloak worn by French engagés, 4,
119, 5, 287, 365.Caprifolium ciliosum, Pursh. See Honeysuckle.
Carbonere (Mo.), Clark passes, 1, 18.
Carcajou. See Wolverene.
Cardamine sp. See Cress.
Cardinal (Cardinalis virginianus), habitat,
1, 39.Cargarnomokshe (Raven Man), Mandan
chief, meets expedition, 1, 212.Cariacus columbianus: C. Virginianus macrotis,
Coues, See Deer.Carlisle (Pa.), William Christy in, 5, 394;
recruits engaged, 7, 260.Carlow (Mont.), on great Northern Railway,
5, 218.Carmichael, William, Spanish chargé d'affaires,
letter from Jefferson, 7, 196, 197.Carp. See Buffalo-fish.
Carpinus Caroliniana, 6, 140.
Carr,—, with expedition, 1, 121.
Carr, Lucien, Mounds of Mississippi Valley,
1, 239.Carson (Carrn.),—, messenger to Omaha,
1, 109.Cartarkah Indians, habitat, 1, 190, 7, 305.
Carum gairdneri. See Fennel.
Carya olivœformis. See Pecan.
Cascade County (Mont.), 2, 171.
Cas Carbe (White Man), Sioux tribe, habitat,
1, 133.Cashhook Indians, habitat, 4, 233, 235, 240,
241, 6, 118; numbers, 6, 118; language,
4, 233, 241; physical characteristics, 4,
241; smallpox among, 4, 241; care for
aged, 4, 241; dress, 4, 241; pilot Clark,
4, 233, 236, 240.Cassia chamæcrista, described, 6, 148.
Castahana (Gens des Vache) Indians,
Snake tribe, 5, 297; habitat, 6, 102;
numbers, 6, 102, 7, 316; described, 6, 102,
103; trade with, 5, 321, 6, 103.Castapanas Indians, trade with Kiowa, 6,
101.Castle Butte, mounds near, 5, 164.
Castle Rock. See Beacon.
Castoreum, method of preparing, 3, 318,
319, 336, 337; as medicine, 3, 319.Cataka (Haka, Katteka) Indians, habitat,
6, 101, 102; described, 6, 101, 102; numbers,
6, 101; fur-trade, 6, 90, 101.Catbird, habitat, 1, 39; shrike resembles, 2,
140.Catel, a Clatsop, in Fort Clatsop, 4, 170,
172, 176, 178; trades with expedition, 4,
170, 172.Catfish, habitat, 1, 93, 95, 110, 111, 134,
159, 2, 87, 5, 307, 6, 174, 193, 7, 42, 54,
95, 107; described, 2, 160; size, 2, 143;
fat from, 1, 93; white, described, 1, 90;
habitat, 2, 60.Cathalan & Debures, bankers, 7, 400.
Catherine II, empress of Russia, checks
American exploration, 7, 195, 196.Cathlahcommahtup Indians, tribe of Multnomah,
habitat, 4, 213, 217, 6, 116; numbers,
6, 116.Cathlahcumup Indians, tribe of Wappato,
6, 116; habitat, 4, 213, 217, 218; visit
expedition, 4, 221.Cathlahnahquiah Indians, tribe of Multnomah,
habitat, 4, 213, 217, 221, 6, 116;
numbers, 6, 116.Cathlamet (Cathlahaws, Cathlahmah, Catlarhet)
Indians, habitat, 3, 217, 250–252,
, 341, 342, 6, 68, 69, 117; numbers, 6,
117; physical characteristics, 4, 183–185,
188, 189; dress, 4, 185, 189, 190; ornaments,
4, 187, 191; tattooed, 4, 186, 197;
dirty, 4, 200; language and customs, 3,
332, 335, 4, 12, 45; houses, 3, 295; food,
3, 362, 363; occupations, 4, 187, 188, 191,
192; fishermen, 4, 200–202; canoes of,
4, 31, 35, 199; relations with other tribes,
3, 341, 342, 4, 206, 208; with whites, 3,
341, 342, 4, 154–156; expedition, 3, 215
–217, 4, 176, 178, 198, 199, 203, 204; at
Fort Clatsop, 3, 332, 335, 338, 339, 4, 162,
180, 182, 192; Drouillard among, 4, 173,
174, 176, 178.Cathlamet (Wash.), site, 3, 217, 252.
Cathlamet Head, distance down Columbia,
6, 69; expedition passes, 3, 251, 252.Cathlapotle (Quathlapotle) Indians, habitat,
3, 200, 201, 4, 211, 212, 214, 6, 68,
117; numbers, 6, 117; language, 3, 200,
4, 211, 214; houses, 4, 214, 215; dress,
4, 211, 214; weapons, 4, 215; method of
drying anchovies, 4, 215; sculpture,
4, 215; similarity to other tribes, 4, 217,
224, 226, 241; trade, 4, 215; expedition
among, 4, 217; furnish information, 4, 217.Catlarhet Indians. See Cathlamets.
Catlin, George, takes Black Bird's skull, 1,
106; discovers pipestone quarries, 1, 115;
catlinite named for, 1, 115; North American
Indians, 1, 219, 233, 239, 274, 281,
285, 320, 339, 2, 80, 88.Catoha Indians, numbers, 7, 316.
Catostomidæ, family of fish, 2, 370.
Catostonius catostemus, See Suckers.
Cat-tail flags (Cooper's flag, Typha latifolia),
location, 2, 290, 5, 108, 109; as food, 4,
121, 122; Indians use, 4, 66–68.Cattanahaw Indians, described, 6, 106.
Cavanwa Indians, numbers, 7, 316.
Cavelier, L. E., possesses Indian photographs,
3, 6.Cayuse Indians, habitat, 5, 117.
sanguineus, Pursh. See Redroot.
Cedar trees (Juniperus occidentalis), location,
1, 144, 148, 149, 155, 157–159, 176,
2, 27, 28, 32, 39–41, 56, 58, 68, 70, 85, 105,
149, 262, 265, 296, 306, 319, 359, 3, 172,
174, 203, 205, 5, 269, 314, 6, 32, 48, 7, 84,
92, 117–121, 125; mast made of, 1, 140;
fort, 1, 160; images, 3, 176, 179; bows, 2,
273, 3, 19; in Lewis herbarium, 6, 156;
identified. 6, 158; bark for hats, 4, 23, 24,
94, 96, 5, 31; robes, 4, 185, 186, 190;
houses, 4, 240, 255, 259, 269, 272; manufactures,
4, 187, 192, 304, 306.Dwarf (Juniperus sabina procumbens), described,
1, 299, 2, 24, 27, 30, 51, 6, 149;location, 2, 235, 258, 5, 236; identified, 6,
149, 158; in herbarium, 6, 156.Red, location, 1, 108, 307, 4, 49, 7, 25,
324.White. See Arbor vitæ.
Cedar (cherry) birds, on Missouri, 6, 179;
described, 6, 187.Cedar County (Nebr.), Omaha in, 1, 124.
Celiast (Helen), Comowool's daughter, 4,
138.Celilo (Ore.), town, 3, 147, 4, 266.
——Falls, described, 3, 147, 148, 152, 153;
Indians near, 3, 146–151; salmon pass,
3, 153; waters rise, 3, 152, 153; expedition
portages, 3, 146–151; length of portage,
3, 147, 148; camp near, 3, 146.Cellis . See Hackberry.
Cement, ingredients of, 6, 48.
. See Heath-cock.
See Lark-bunting.
Century Dictionary, 1, 274, 4, 308, 5, 50.
See Woodpeckers.
See Kingfisher.
Chaboillez, Charles, fur-trader, relations
with expedition, 1, 215, 238, 7, 307; present
to Charbonneau, 1, 269.Chalk, bluffs formed of, 1, 125, 126, 133, 7,
53, 56.Chamberlain, Jason, owns manuscript, 7,
307.Champoeg (Ore.) settlers of, 1, 283.
Chancellor, John, subscribes for Journals,
7, 363.Chantewahneejah, Sioux chief, 6, 99.
Chaparral (Chapellel, Shappellel), in trade,
3, 186, 4, 260, 262, 275, 280, 282, 304, 316,
317, 320, 321, 335, 337; as food, 3, 186,
4, 254, 292, 293, 319.Chapman, Robert, aid acknowledged, 1,
lix.Charbonneau (Chabonneau, Charboneau,
Shabounar), Toussaint, interpreter with
expedition, 1, 12, 217, 229, 251, 274, 275,
284, 287, 2, 362, 373, 5, 20, 21, 7, 30, 331;
present given to, 1, 269; boatman, 1, 301,
2, 226; accident to boat, 2, 34, 35, 37;
nearly drowned, 2, 196–200, 273; encounter
with bear, 2, 109; accidents, 4,
313, 315, 5, 94, 95, 97, 272; sickness, 2,
270, 271, 290, 293, 308; purchases horse,
3, 28, 4, 294, 314, 316, 319, 7, 143; loses
horse, 4, 316, 318, 327, 329; horse stolen,
1, 239; hunts for horses, 4, 296, 5, 279,
280; cook, 2, 15, 187, 207; detail duty, 2,
310, 311, 384, 386; messenger, 3, 13, 5,
339; trader, 4,288, 5, 48-50, 67, 72,75, 77, 86, 88, 115, 278; camp tender, 2, 180, 181, 190, 191, 273, 274; guard duty, 3, 303 with Clark, 1, 321,355, 2, 196, 261, 262, 289, 361, 364, 3, 134, 229-238, 314, 4, 281, 282, 5, 176, 245, 259, 319, 341, 7, 134, 136; with Lewis, 1, 226, 2, 286, 290, 293, 314, 7, 125; quarrel with, 3, 105; reproved, 2, 172, 3, 34, 164; furnishes information, 1, 248,5, 342,6, 161; discovers bird, 4, 27, 29; Indians, 5, 276;
vote on wintering place, 3, 247; creek
named for, 1, 308; discharged, 5, 344;
services, 7, 359; pay, 1, 271, 274, 275, 5,
344, 7, 359–361; letter from Clark, 5, 57,
344, 394, 7, 329; Clark's offer to, 7, 329,
330; in fur-trade, 7, 329, 330; wives of,
1, 219, 240, 230, 2, 198; purchases Saca.
jawea, 2, 198; strikes her, 2, 348, 349; birth of son, 1, 257; illness of , 5, 56-64, 68, 72, 75, 77, 80, 86, 88, 103, 104, 107, 109,
117, 118, 323.——, Baptiste (Pomp), son of interpreter,
birth, 1, 257; illness, 5, 56–64, 65, 72, 75,
77, 80, 86, 88, 103, 104, 107, 109, 117, 118,
323; Clark offers to educate, 7, 329, 330.Charcoal, expedition makes, 1, 251, 2, 179,
212, 220.Charcowah Indians, habitat, 4, 241, 6, 118;
numbers, 6, 118.See Ducks.
Charlottesville (Va.), Clark at, 1, xxvii;
Lewis, 7, 337, 345; Jefferson, 7, 275.Chatongdotah, Sioux chief, 6, 99.
Che Chank, Mandan chief, visits Fort
Mandan, 1, 221.Sioux
tribe, habitas, 1, 133.Chehalis () Indians, habitat,
3, 239, 295, 341, 342, 6, 70, 118; language,
3, 295; numerous, 3, 341, 6, 118; physical
characteristics, 4, 188, 189; dress,
189, 190; ornaments, 4, 191; 4,
194; occupations, 4, 191, 192., See Goose; snow.
Cheney, J. W., aid acknowledged, 1, lix.
Chenook winds, effect of, on snow, 5, 380.
Chenopodium album, see lambsquarter
Cherokee Indians, Clark's note on, 6, 112;
Hardin among, 1, xxviii.Cherry, See
Cherry birds. See Cedar birds.
Cherries, location, 1, 75, 80, 300, 341, 2,
261, 4, 274, 276, 6, 172, 227, 7, 19, 43, 94,
112, 145; described, 5, 114, 115, 243, 244,
328; dried, 7, 143, 149; as food, 3, 107;
choke-cherry resembles, 2, 29.Cheyenne (Chien, Dog, Sharha) Indians,
Algonquian tribe, , 1, 176, 5, 350,
6, 100; habitat, 1, 174–176, 190, 195, 6,
100, 102, 7, 305; numbers, 1, 176, 5, 352,
357, 6, 100, 7, 316; language, 1, 190;
physical characteristics, 5, 356; thieves,
1, 176; lodges, 5, 350, 352; dress, 5, 356,
357; print leather, 5, 357; use dogs and
horses, 5, 357; allies, 1, 232, 6, 89, 90;
secret society among, 1, 130; relations
with other tribes, 1, 212, 213, 230, 232, 233,
5, 340, 353, 357; with expedition, 1, 189,
216, 233, 5, 356; French among, 6, 131;
fur-trade, 6, 100; relations with government,
5, 351, 353, 354, 357.Chicago (Chicargoo), settlement, 2, 244;
garrison at, 6, 45; Record-Herald, 3, 5,
6; Tribune, 2, 244.Chickasaw Indians, Neeley agent, 7, 389;
friendly, 7, 207; Clark's note on, 6, 112.Chillarlanil, Chinook chief, 3, 238.
Chillate Indians, habitat, 6, 118; numbers,
6, 118.Indians, habitat, 6, 70.
Chillicothe (Ohio), Lewis at, 1, xxv.
Chilluckitequaw (Chilluckitequar, Chilluckkittequaw)
Indians, habitat, 3, 164–166,
183, 341, 342, 4, 73, 76, 148, 149, 6, 66,
67, 116; numbers, 6, 116; language, 3,
164, 166, 4, 280, 282; wooden habitations,
3, 166, 6, 66, 7, 182, 183; canoes
described, 4, 32, 35; horses, 4, 73, 74, 76,
77; firearms, 3, 165, 166; food, 3, 341,
342; expedition among, 4, 260, 262, 284,
285, 288, 295, 7, 182; traders, 4, 260, 162.Chiltz Indians, See Chehalis.
Chimnapum (Chimnahpum) Indians, habitat,
3, 123, 128, 183, 184, 4, 73, 76, 6, 115;
numbers, 6, 115; language, 3, 123, 128;
horses, 4, 73, 74, 76, 77; expedition
among, 4, 337, 339; make map, 3, 130.Chinnini, Chinook chief, 3, 294.
Chinook Indians, characterized, 3, 229, 230,
311, 312, 315; habitat, 3, 230, 294, 323,
341, 342, 6, 70, 117, 118; numbers, 3, 230,
294, 6, 117; language, 4, 12, 109, 112, 273;
villages, 3, 227, 232; houses described,
3, 336–359; physical characteristics, 4,
183–185, 188, 189, 222; docile, 3, 243,
244; avaricious, 3, 311, 312; thieves, 3,
224–226; sensual, 3, 239–241, 294, 4, 16,
17, 170, 171, 176, 178; diseases of, 3, 232,
5, 180; dress, 4, 185, 189, 190, 5, 237;
ornaments, 4, 187, 191; tattooed, 4, 186,
191; food, 3, 362, 363; occupations, 3,
350–352, 4, 187, 188, 191, 192; weapons,
3, 229, 230; canoes, 4, 35, 197, 198;
mortuary customs, 3, 324, 327; relations
with other tribes, 3, 295, 4, 206, 208; expedition,
3, 227–230, 246, 248, 4, 84, 86,
89, 91, 170, 171, 176, 178, 199; river
named for, 3, 230, 232; McNeal among,
3, 329, 334; hostile to traders, 4, 204.Chinookan family, tribes of, 3, 164, 166,
196, 201, 206, 217, 226, 241, 341, 4, 223,
255; language, 3, 245, 275, 276, 321.Chipmunk. See Squirrels: ground.
Chippewa (Chipaway, Chippeway, Oochipawau,
Sauteur) Indians, habitat, 6, 93,
94, 96, 97, 108–110; tribes, 6, 108–110;
numbers, 6, 108–110; language, 1, l, 190,
222, 4, 84, 86, 6, 92, 104, 105, 7, 409;
skill in medicine, 4, 16–18; food, 6, 138,
140; enemies, 6, 95, 96, 108–110; allies,
6, 105, 108–110; , 6, 108–110;
kill traders, 1, 267, 275.Chishucks, Kilamox chief, town of, 6, 71.
Chittahwockkundepe, Sioux chief, 6, 99.
Chittediddle. See Katydid.
Chittenden, Henry M., American Fur Trade,
1, 185, 217, 346, 2, 345, 5, 223, 296, 305,
341, 393, 6, 266; Yellowstone National
Park, 1, 339.Chocartooch, Indian name for badger, 1, 95.
Chockâhlilcom. See River Columbia.
Chocolate, as medicine, 5, 384; present, 5,
387.Choconish Indians, war with Chopunnish,
5, 31.Choctaw (Chacktaws) Indians, Clark's note
on, 6, 112, 113.Choke-cherries (Prunus demissa), described,
2, 28, 29, 5, 81, 83, 84; location, 1, 299,
338, 2, 106, 108, 114, 117, 187, 236, 239,
243, 258, 260, 261, 271, 343, 3, 77, 4, 342,
343, 5, 121, 122, 181, 358, 6, 141, 188,
190, 197, 213, 7, 100, 101, 107, 112, 125,
145, 152–154; flower, 2, 29; fruit, 2, 29;
timber brittle, 2, 221, 223; used for axe
handles, 5, 278; as medicine, 2, 142, 144;
makes men ill, 3, 33; as food, 1, 240, 2,
29, 342, 385, 3, 6, 9, 12, 26, 33.Choketartowomb Indians, Sioux tribe, 6,
99.Chopunnish Indians. See Nez Percé.
Chorophilus triseriatus. See Frogs.
Choshonnê Indians. See Shoshoni.
Chouteau (Choteau, Coteau, Coutau),
Auguste, St. Louis pioneer, 1, 22, 23, 7,
294; fur-trader, 1, 36, 5, 382, 384, 7, 35;
owns buffalo, 1, 329; visited by Lewis, 5,
394; letter from Lewis, 7, 389; aids expedition,
7, 299, 300; goes to Washington,
7, 349, 350.Chouteau, Pierre (Peter) Laclede, St. Louis
pioneer, 1, 22, 23; fur-trader, 7, 295, 296;
visited by Lewis and Clark, 5, 394; purchases
from, 7, 4; owns specimens of
mammoth, 6, 32; gives mineralogical
specimens, 7, 300; forwarding agent, 7,
300; fort named for, 1, 163.—, Pierre Jr. (Cadet, Cady), fur-trader,
5, 375, 395, 7, 294.—, Pierre , aid acknowledged, 1 lix.
—, Victoire, marries Charles , 1,
22.—, Pelagie, marries Sylvester Labbadie,
1, 22.Christanoes (Christinoes) Indians. See Cree.
Christy, Maj. William, in St. Louis, 5, 394;
sketch, 5, 394.. See Gulls.
Chronometer, carried on expedition, 4, ;
inaccurate, 4, 170, 287, 5, 116; varies, 1,
84; stops, 6, 245, 246, 257; accidents to,
5, 43–45, 183, 184, 218.Chubbs (fish), pike-perch resemble, 2, 142,
143; habitat, 2, 221; described, 4, 326,
327.Chucktins, , town of, 6, 71.
Chymnappos Indians. See .
Chymnapum Indians. See Chimnapums.
Ciintwar, Chehalis chief, 3, 295.
Cincinnati, Lewis at, 1, xxv.
—, New Orleans & Texas Pacific Railway,
5, 140.Cinnabar, on Missouri, 7, 315.
Cinquefoil ( sp.), location, 4, 234,
5, 108, 110.Cippeway Indians, arms of, 2, 373.
. See Thistles.Cist, Charles, , 7,
198.Clackamas (Clarkamus) Indians, 4, 241,
255, 6, 118; numbers, 4, 241, 6, 118;
houses, 4, 255; food, 4, 255.Clackstar (Clackstarn, , Claxter)
Indians. See .Clahclellah (Clahclellar) Indians, Shahala
tribe, habitat, 4, 258, , 6, 67, 68,
116; thieves, 4, 260–262; houses, 4, 259,
260, 262–264, 273, 274; ornaments, 4,
259; hair dressing, 4, 259; burial customs,
4, 270; fishermen, 4, 259; relations with
expedition, 4, 259, 260, 262–264; medal
given to chief. 4, 268, 272; with Lewis,
4, 273, 275; tomahawks exchanged, 4,
117, 118.Claiborne, John F. H., , 1, xxv.
—, Gov. W. C. C., commandant at New
Orleans, 7, 281.Clamoitomick (Clamochocto- mick) Indians, habitat, 6, 70, 118; numbers,
6, 118.Clams, on Northwest 4, 160, 161;
described, 4, .Indians, tribe of
Wappato, habitat, 4, 213, , 221, 6, 116;
numbers, 6, 116.Indians, Chinook tribe, 4,
219; habitat, 4, 221, 6, 116; numbers 6,
116; relations with expedition, 4, 218,
219; map, 4, 239.Clannarminnamun (clannahminnamun) Indians, tribe of Wappato, habitat, 4,
217, , 220, 6, 116; numbers, 6, 116;
dress, 4, 216; manners, 4, 217; relations
with expedition, 4, 213, 216.Clark, Benjamin, uncle of William, 1, xxix.
—, Edmund, brother of William, 7, 390;
letter , 7, 362; sketch, 7, 362.—, George Rogers, brother of William,
1, xxvii; William manages affairs of, 1,
xxix; expedition of, 1, xxii;
Jefferson's offer to, 1, xx, xxv, 7, 193, 194;
letters to, 1, 47, 5, 394, 7, 328, 390;
papers of, 7, 226; portrait, 1, liii.—, George Rogers Hancock, son of William,
1, li, liv.—, Jefferson Kearney, son of William,
1, xlix, l, 7, 416.—, John, father of William, 1, xxvii.
—, Jonathan, brother of William 1, xxvii,
7, 362; letters to, 1, xxviii, 7, 390; sketch,
7, 390.—, Lucy. See Croghan.
—, William, early life, 1, xxvii; military
services, 1, xxviii; manages his brother's
affairs, 1 xxix; invited to join expedition,
1, xxx, 7, 226–230; Hooke as alternative,
7, 264, 265; accepts, 7, 259–266; commissioned,
7, 230; engages men, 7, 263,
266; at Kaskaskia, 7, 263; arrests Kickapoo
war raid. 1, 4; at St. Louis, 1, 7; in
command of camp, 1, 12; starts from
Camp , 1, 16, 17, 7, 4, 29, 30;
joined by Lewis, 1, 23; explores ahead,
1, 74, 75, 84, 85, 91, 92, 117, 148, 197–200;
swims 1, ; ascends Platte,
1, 87; holds court-martials, 1, 76, 192;
hunts on Missouri below Mandan, 1, 56,
77, 78, 85, 91, 104, 118, 119, 149, 197, 201,
202, 7, 13, 51, 57, 58, 67; fishes, 7, 26, ;
notes changes in river current, 1, 100, 101,
107; , 1, 111; visits Hill of
Devils, 1, 147, 7, 53; adventures among
Teton, 1, 164, 165, 7, 63; secures Dorion,
1, 169; Illness of 1, 127, 185, 202–208,217, 244; meets Mandan, 1, 206, 208;
hunts site for fort, 1, 213, 6, 257; councils
with Mandan, 1, 229–232; visits Mandan
camps, 1, 243, 244; conveys aid to
Mandan, 7, 70; celebrates holidays, 7,
72; relation to British traders, 1, 251; in
Mandan villages, 1, 270, 275, 276; acts as
physician, 1, 275; hunts on Upper Missouri,
1, 348, 362, 365, 372, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12,
15, 19, 24, 27, 31–33, 37, 41, 43, 45, 46, 48,
49. 52, 57, 64, 65, 68, 72, 88, 90, 94, 96,
146, 6, 180, 227, 7, 71, 77, 79, 81, 84, 85,
87, 88, 90, 91; explores Porcupine River,
1, 363, 365, 368; Milk River, 2, 10; Missouri
shore, 2, 78, 81, 100, 104; south fork
of Missouri, 2, 116–119, 122, 124–127, 129,
7, 94, 95; Lewis rejoins, 2, 133; as physician,
2, 140–145, 152, 159–164; surveys
great falls, 2, 167, 174, 7, 105; at portage,
2, 180–182; in cloudburst, 2, 196–200, 7,
108; ill, 2, 187, 7, 122, 123; fishes, 2,
214; makes canoes, 2, 219–228, 7, 112,
113; hunts above falls, 2, 256, 259, 263,
304, 348, 349, 352, 354, 384, 386, 7, 99,
116–118, 125, 133, 134, 152, 157, 183; at
three forks, 2, 269, 271; birthday of, 2,
301, 7, 125; illness and recovery, 2, 278–
286; boil on ankle, 2, 301, 302, 309,
310, 313–317, 321–324; encounters rattlesnakes,
2, 252, 254; rejoins Lewis at
Shoshoni Cove, 2, 361; secures guide, 2,
379; at Shoshoni camp, 3, 6–10; searches
for navigable water, 3, 8–27; pacifies
Indians, 3, 15, 16; plans for crossing
mountains, 3, 32–34, 42, 43, 46; rejoins
Lewis, 3, 47; breaks last thermometer, 3,
51; crossing the divide, 3, 50–69; leads
advance party, 3, 71, 72; finds stray
horse, 3, 74, 75, 85; on Hungry Creek,
3, 74; sights prairie, 3, 72, 73, 76; meets
Chopunnish, 3, 77–79, 83; sends aid to
Lewis, 3, 81–83; advances to Clearwater,
3, 81, 82, 84; Lewis rejoins, 3, 84; ill, 3,
79–82, 89, 95–98; dealings with Chopunnish,
3, 85–92; seeks canoe-timber, 3, 87,
88; brands horses, 3, 94; dislikes dog-meat,
3, 105, 310; explores upper Columbia,
3, 122–124; councils with Sokulks,
3, 127, 130; frightens Pishquows, 3, 133–
137; explores Dalles of Columbia, 3, 146,
147, 151–153, 155; shooting the narrows,
3, 156–158; passing Cascades, 3, 173–181,
189: shoots sea-otter, 3, 181, 184; explores
Gray's Bay, 3, 219–225; threatens
thieving Indians, 3, 224–226, 238, 253;
visits northwest sea-coast, 3, 229–238;
tastes bread, 3, 259, 260; ill, 3, 262, 263,6, 166; from Fort Clatsop to coast, 3,
271–277; Christmas presents for, 3, 290;
goes in search of whale, 3, 313–330, 333,
335; orders hat, 4, 94–96; at Image
Canoe Island, 4, 237; explores Multnomah,
4, 233, 236–240, 249; portages
rapids, 4, 266, 274; on Cruzatte's River, 4,
277, 278; trades for horses, 4, 286, 288,
292, 293, 295–297, 301–309, 311; goes on
horseback, 4, 323; at fishing-trap, 5, 4, 8;
meets Tunnachemootoolt, 5, 14–17; practises
medicine, 4, 180, 298, 332–334, 339,
357–365, 5, 22–27; purchases bear-skin, 5,
90, 92; visits Broken Arm, 5, 106, 107,
110–113; at Quamash Flats, 5, 121, 122;
on the mountains, 5, 138, 139; ill, 5, 164,
167, 384; proposed route to Missouri, 5,
176, 179; at Traveller's Rest, 5, 243; separates
from Lewis, 5, 176, 183, 245; personnel
of party, 5, 245, 259, 319; supplies
and equipment, 5, 245, 255–260, 265–267,
269, 273, 278, 281, 288, 290, 292, 294, 302,
309, 310, 314, 318, 319, 322–324, 327, 330;
celebrates Fourth of July, 5, 246; on
Camp Creek, 5, 249; through Gibbon's
Pass, 5, 249; on Willard's Creek, 5, 253;
at forks of Jefferson, 5, 254; Ordway
leads water party, 5, 252, 255, 259; Jefferson
to Yellowstone, 5, 261, 262; explores
Yellowstone, 5, 233, 237, 256, 259, 262–
318; hunts, 5, 246–249, 257, 272, 276, 293,
294, 325, 327, 328, 330; makes canoes,
5, 176, 276, 278, 279, 281; at Pompey's
Pillar, 5, 293; sends Pryor, 5, 281–287;
explores Bighorn, 5, 296; Indian diplomacy
of, 5, 299–301; rejoins Lewis, 5, 243,
330; among Mandan, 5, 338, 339; visits
Black Cat, 5, 340; 341, Le Borgne, 5,
343; meets hunters and traders, 5, 242,
243, 329, 374, 388; among Cheyenne, 5,
351, 352; adopts Charbonneau's child,
5, 344, 345; adventure with Teton, 5,
366; arrives in St. Louis, 5, 391; writes
letters, 5, 392, 393; name inscribed on
trees, 2, 125, 3, 32, 33, 233–235, 244, 264,
265, 5, 263; tomahawks of, 3, 98, 4, 219,
221, 261, 268, 272, 5, 95, 97, 98, 101, 117,
118, 7, 187; presents to, 4, 139, 331–333,
339, 357, 360; 5, 25, 27, 34, 36, 63, 79, 113,
119, 120, 157; obtains fossil fish, 5, 294;
value of services, 7, 282, 337, 349; characteristics,
1, 277; relations to Lewis, 1,
lvi, lvii; portraits, 1, liii, 2, frontispiece;
later life, 1, xxxvii, liv, 5, 393, 394, 7, 343,
355, 362, 398; letters to, 7, 280, 288, 294,
299; letters from, 5, 57, 344, 394, 7, 268,
301, 313, 314, 329, 338, 362, 397; reply
444to Fincastle address, 7, 352; facsimile
pages, 1, 16, 3, 290, 5, 394; skill as
draughtsman, 1, xxxiv, 89, 90; obtains
Lewis's papers, 7, 390; purchases Ordway's
journal, 7, 405–409; emends Floyd's
journal, 7, 3, 12, 13; Whitehouse's, 7, 29, 30;
Journals, kept carefully, 4, 149; copiedby Lewis, 4, 249; sent back from Mandan,
7, 318; dates covered, 1, xxxv; hiatus in,
1, 253; characterized, 1, xxxv, xxxvi, lvi;
"Summary Statement," 1, 263; "Estimate
of Western Indians," 6, 113–120; "Notes
on Southern Indians," 6, 112, 113; emended
by author, 1, lvii, 3, 26, 42, 43; servant
of, 6, 209, 224. See also York and Expedition.—, William, son of Benjamin, 1, xxix.
—, William, Indiana judge, 1, xxix.
—, William, Hancock, aid acknowledged,
1, lix.—, W. P. Indian Sign Language, 2,
345, 347.Clark's Cañon, 2, 360.
—Point of View. See False Tillamook
Head.Clark-Voorhis MSS. described, 1, li-liii, 3,
300, 6, 114. See also Voorhis.Clarke County (Wash.), 3, 192.
Clarkia , named by Pursh, 6, 153;
described, 5, 84, 85, 95–97.Clarkson, M., subscriber to Michaux expedition,
7, 205.—, Mrs. See Wood, Maria.
Clarkston (Wash.), site of, 3, 104.
Clarksville (Ind.), Clark at, 7, 330.
Clatsop Indians, characterized, 3, 311, 312,
315; habitat, 3, 238, 241, 244, 258, 272,
282, 283, 294, 317, 320, 323, 340, 342, 4, 19,
20, 39, 40, 6, 69, 70, 117, 7, 342; numbers,
6, 117; language, 3, 245, 278, 4, 12, 109,
206, 208, 267, 271; physical characteristics,
4, 183, 184, 188, 189, 222; expert
swimmers, 3, 275; thieves, 4, 39, 40, 62, 95,
97, 177, 179; neat, 3, 274; women modest,
3, 294; honest, 3, 245; habitations described,
3, 274, 356–359; ground plan of
house, 4, 240; sketch of hut door, 3, 154,
183; dress, 4, 24, 25, 185, 189, 190; make
hats, 4, 94–96; drawing of hats, 3, 294,
296, 4, 23, 24; insufficiently clothed, 4,
11; barefoot, 4, 9; ornaments, 4, 187, 191;
tattooed, 4, 186, 191; food, 3, 276, 362,
363; customs, 4, 206, 208; , 3, 326,
327, 4, 50, 51; begging, 4, 92, 94; slaves,
4, 118, 215; weapons illustrated, 3, 347,
349, 4, 9, 11, 23, 24, 215, 223; diseases,
3, 245, 4, 50, 51, 196, 241; occupations,
4, 187, 188, 191, ; fishing, 3, 350–352;
canoes described, 4, 35; value of, 4, 177,
179; illustrated, 4, 31, 32, 35, 36, 237;
paddle illustrated, 4, 31, 34, 35; white
half-breed among, 3, 301; speak English,
3, 276; capture sailors, 4, 215; Clark with,
3, 272–277; astonished at Clark's marksmanship,
3, 274–276; visit camp, 3, 244,
277–279; accompany expedition, 3, 250;
furnish information, 3, 258; steal elk, 4,
95, 177, 179; canoe stolen, 4, 199; in
Fort Clatsop, 3, 288, 291, 292, 302, 305,
308, 311, 352, 354, 356, 357, 359, 362, 4,
9, 11, 12, 61–63, 66, 84, 86, 92, 94, 96, 102,
103, 105, 116, 118, 135, 136, 168–170, 172,
195, 196; trade with expedition, 4, 102,
105, 107, 135, 136, 147, 149, 200, 202, 206,
208; Smith among, 4, 138; Drouillard,
4, 162, 165; Coboway chief, 3, 221, 4,
95, 97, 192; Clark's sketches, 4, 10.—Beach, salt-makers' cairn on, 3, 309.
—County (Ore.), 3, 258, 320.
Claxter, chief, 3, 295.
Clay, different colors on river, 1, 118–120,
5, 210, 211, 359, 6, .—County (Mo.), 1, 57.
Clayoquot, American post on Northwest
Coast, 3, 327.Claytonia , Pursh, described, 5,
159–161.Cleome integrifolia, in Lewis herbarium, 6,
156; identified, 6, 158.Cloth, intertribal trade for, 3, 81, 4, 289.
Clover, buffalo, location, 2, 320, 358; wild,
on Missouri, 3, 45; on Columbia, 6, 221,
224; long-leaved, 2, 359; white and red,
5, 181, 245.Coal (), Mandan chief, visits
Fort Mandan, 1, 212, 247, 263, 265, 268,
269, 277.Coal, found on Missouri, 1, 18, 58, 69, 145,
146, 200, 209, 214, 291–294, 296, 305, 311,
315, 316, 322, 329, 331, 338, 348–350, 352,
353, 2, 42, 44, 74, 80, 85, 86, 93, 96, 103,
105, 107, 121, 146, 5, 288, 305–308, 312,
313, 315, 6, 225, 269, 7, 13, 315; character,
1, 329; beds on fire, 1, 293, 5, 236.Coal Bank, distance up Missouri, 6, 57.
Coartong (Ceautoin),—, robbed, 5, 329.
Coats, S., subscriber to Michaux expedition,
7, 205.Coats, uniform, in Indian trade, 1, 129, 211,
2, 363, 367, 368, 4, 173, 175, 176, 179, 297,
299, 305, 307.Cobalt, in Missouri bluffs, 1, 116–118, 121,
125, 6, 58, 7, 315; poisonous, 1, 116.Coboway (Comawool, Comia, Commowell,
Comowool Connyau), Clatsop chief, 3,
294, 4, 95, 97; variation in name, 3, 278;
sketch, 4, 138; visits Fort Clatsop, 3,
291, 293, 296, 308–311, 352, 354, 4, 9, 11,
12, 102, 105, 138–140, 142, 180, 182, 192,
196; relations with expedition, 3, 278,
292, 293, 296, 309, 310, 352, 354, 4, 183,
196; fort given to, 3, 221, 4, 196; list of
expedition members, 4, 183; grandson,
3, 221.Coccygus erythrophthalmus. See Cuckoo.
Cock of the Plains. See Heath cock.
Cockles, location, 4, 160, 161, 174.
Cockle-burs, identified, 1, 79.
Coe, Lawrence, selects site for Lewiston,
3, 104.Coffee nut, location, 1, 95, 6, 122.
Coffin Rock, location, 4, 206, 208; origin
of name, 4, 206.Colaples mexicanus. See Woodpeckers.
Colchote, Chehalis chief, 3, 295.
Cole, George E., governor of Washington
Territory, 3, 104; letter cited, 3, 104.—, John, subscribes for Journals, 7, 363.
Colewort, on Columbia, 6, 210.
Collin, N., subscriber to Michaux expedition,
7, 204, 205.Collins, John, with expedition, 1, 11–13,
284, 287, 7, 30, 357; in Pryor's mess, 1,
30; charged with drunkenness, 1, 62;
disciplined, 1, 19–21, 61, 62; on court-martial,
1, 192; in charge of supplies, 1,
71, 72; searches for Cruzatte, 3, 7–9;
makes root-beer, 3, 142, 145; lost, 3,
281, 5, 237, 239, 243; vote on wintering
place, 3, 247; hunter, 3, 90, 189, 190, 192,
215, 291, 293, 309, 310, 320, 332, 359, 4,
54, 55, 57, 58, 81, 83, 84, 86, 89, 91, 92,
94, 114–116, 118, 121, 122, 143, 145, 147,
149, 163, 165, 167, 169, 194, 195, 257, 258,
261–265, 5, 3, 8, 34–38, 42–47, 51–53, 58,
59, 62, 65–67, 75, 77, 98, 101, 109, 121,
123, 147, 229, 233–235, 255, 257–259, 359,
360, 363, 364, 7, 24, 37, 45, 51, 164, 165;
salt-maker, 4, 12–15, 17; hunts bear, 4,
243, 244, 246, 247; accident to, 5, 86;
joins Clark, 5, 258; in charge of horses,
5, 252, 7, 58; land warrant, 7, 343; pay,
7, 360, 361.—, Joseph, engagé with expedition, 1, 31.
Colter, John, sketch, 5, 341; with expedition,
1, 11–13, 284, 287, 7, 30, 357; in
Ordway's mess, 1, 30; disciplined, 1, 10;
on court martial, 1, 61; at Spirit Mound,
1, 121; sent ahead, 1, 138, 141, 3, 221,
222, 7, 54, 56; to find Shannon, 1, 128;
to find horses, 1, 97, 3, 87, 89, 5, 170,
172, 7, 47, 61, 164, 165; encounter with
bear, 2, 171, 172, 7, 36; with Lewis, 3,
32, 33, 42, 255–262, 5, 243; with Clark,
3, 229–238; meets Flatheads, 3, 60, 61;
robbed by Indians, 3, 221, 222; lost, 3,
281, 5, 239; salt maker, 4, 59, 60; hunter
1, 152, 3, 90, 237, 313, 314, 353, 354, 4,
11, 12, 57, 58, 196, 257, 258, 278, 5, 50,
51, 54, 56, 58, 59, 66, 67, 75, 77, 95, 97,
103, 104, 134, 157, 158; fisherman, 5,
145–147; vote on wintering place, 3, 247;
in charge of canoe, 4, 312–316; detects
stolen tomahawk, 4, 258, 261; quarrel
with Drouillard, 4, 364, 366; trade with
Indians, 5, 107, 108; accident, 5, 144,
146, 229, 233–235, 257; note from Lewis,
5, 237; searches for food, 5, 247, 248;
creek named for, 3, 99; discharged, 5,
343; joins Illinois traders, 5, 341, 342,
344; land warrant, 7, 343; pay, 7, 360,
361.Coltsfoot, location, 5, 108, 110.
"Columbia," ship gives name to river, 3,
211.Columbia County (Wash.), mountains in,
3, 117; expedition in, 4, 201, 202.Columbia River Railway, 3, 252.
Columbian University (Wash., D. C.), owns
editions, 1, lxii.Columbine (Aquilegia formosa, Fisch.), location,
5, 138, 140.Colymbus, or Urinator pacificus. See Loons.
Comanche (Aliatan) Indians, Shoshonean
tribe, 2, 345, 5, 298; habitat, 1, 90;
secret society, 1, 130; McClallan with,
5, 387.Comowool, Comia, Commowell. See Coboway.
Compass, equipment, 5, 19, 21, 7, 221;
Clark loses in Missouri torrent, 2, 196,
197, 199, 200; found in mud, 2, 201, 202.Conchates Indians, Clark's note on, 6, 113.
Concomly, Chinook chief, 3, 294; village
of, 3, 227; visits camp, 3, 229, 230, 238;
daughter of, 3, 238; deceives explorers,
3, 328.Condor, 3, 309, 310; killed in Baker's Bay,
3, 231; described, 3, 232, 233, 235.Confederate Gulch, gold in, 2, 263.
Congress, Jefferson's message to, 7, 206–
209, 328, 346; authorizes expedition, 4,
180, 182, 7, 211, 212, 226, 282; ratifies
Louisiana purchase, 7, 280; enabling act,
7, 281; settles land grants, 5, 391; gratuities
to expedition, 7, 343, 354–361.Connecticut Courant (Hartford), 7, 348.
Connecticut Historical Society (Hartford),
owns editions, 1, lxii.—Witness (Hartford), 7, 348.
Connor, John, engaged as interpreter, 7,
213, 218; fails to accept, 7, 267, 273, 278;Clark's letter, 7, 268; pay, 7, 267, 268.
Conover, Charles H., owns editions, 1, lxii,
lxviii; aid acknowledged, 1, lix, lxxxvii.Conrad, John, to publish Journals, 1, xlxlii,
7, 263, 394.—& Co., C. & A., to publish Journals, 1,
xxxviii, 7, 363.Convolvulist, described, 6, 148; drawing of
leaf, 6, 148.Conyear (Connyau). See Coboway.
Cook, Capt. James, voyages of, 1, xx, xxii;
Ledyard with 7, 195, 196; mistake of, 4,
199.Cookkoooose Indians, habitat, 6, 117; numbers,
6, 117.Cooper's Flag. See Cat-tail.
Coospellar Indians, habitat, 6, 119; numbers,
6, 119.Coot (Fulica Americana), on Lower Columbia,
3, 259, 260. See also Ducks: black.Copper, in Montana, 2, 305; in Indian
trade, 3, 182, 185; ornaments, 3, 78, 126,
195.Copperas, in Missouri bluffs, 1, 116, 6, 58,
98, 7, 315.Cormorants, habitat, 3, 138, 139, 193, 258,
307, 308, 4, 137, 138, 140, 142, 198, 6,
204, 211; described, 4, 140, 141.Corn, raised by Indians, 1, 89, 183, 186–
189, 262, 5, 377, 6, 83–92, 94, 100, 227, 7,
322, 325; Indians fond of, 7, 140–142;
in trade, 1, 223, 239, 240, 242, 252, 255,
263, 268, 5, 327; given to expedition, 1,
210, 214–216, 239, 244, 249, 5, 355, 371,
387, 7, 306; to Indians, 1, 128, 169, 205,
206, 2, 363; purchased, 1, 225; supply, 1,
272, 5, 339–342, 348, 366, 376; food, 1,
240, 247, 5, 353, 355; mills, carried by
expedition, 1, 206, 211, 7, 99, 220.Cornel (Cornus stolonifera), location, 1, 299.
Corngrass, location, 4, 342.
Cornus nuttali. See Dogwood.
Correa da Serra, Joseph Francisco, letter
from Jefferson, 1, xlvi-xlviii, 7, 394, 422;
secures papers from Mrs. Barton, 7, 400;
sketch, 7, 394, 403, 405.Corvallis (Mont.), location, 5, 246.
Corvus, habitat, 5, 177; described, 6, 135,
136; Cyanocitta stelleri, 4, 246, 5, 117,
6, 134, 135, 204, 205; Pica pica hudsonica,
6, 130, 131, 214, 217.Corylus californicus. See Filberts.
Coteau, Peter. See Chouteau, Pierre.
Côtes brulees. See River Missouri: Burnt
Hills.Cotton trees (Populus monilifera or deltoides),
described, 5, 181, 6, 141–143; identified
6, 142, 158; new variety, 7, 96; different
varieties, 2, 126, 145, 179, 238, 245, 251,
5, 218, 219, 334; narrow leaved (Salix
longifolia), 2, 260, 296, 303, 332, 5, 207,
229, 6, 142, 158; broad leaved (S. amygdaloides),
5, 198, 207, 6, 142, 158; location,
1, 54, 83, 95, 103, 105–109, 134, 137, 146,
150, 152, 159, 161, 195, 217, 218, 291, 299,
302, 305, 311, 323, 337, 341, 342, 357, 367,
2, 9, 10, 30, 31, 41, 45, 46, 50, 51, 57, 64,
88, 90, 92, 94, 97, 99, 105, 107, 109, 116,
144, 149, 166, 168, 208, 221, 223, 236, 310,
327, 343, 3, 57, 59, 172, 174, 188, 190, 191,
195, 197, 4, 201, 203, 207, 209, 210, 212,
218, 234, 247, 274, 276, 342, 343, 351–353,
5, 185, 186, 192, 208, 209, 214, 216, 218,
245, 260, 263–265, 267–269, 276, 277, 289,
290, 297, 302, 304, 310, 313, 315, 327, 359,
360, 384, 6, 24, 26, 28, 43, 48, 50, 153, 171,
173, 175, 177, 188, 212, 213, 7, 10, 12, 46,
81, 99, 100, 112, 115, 119, 121, 124, 126–
129, 131–133, 135, 147, 151–153, 167, 183,
187, 324; foliage frosted, 2, 67, 70; lumber
brittle, 2, 180, 181, 185, 188, 189;
used for boats, 1, 278; wheels, 2, 166;
beaver feed on, 1, 315, 2, 10, 145; grouse,
4, 121, 123; horses, 1, 160, 219, 244, 258,
7, 73; porcupine, 1, 146, 6, 129.Coude de l'homme (Man's elbow), fur-trade
post at, 6, 268.Coudrenaire, Henry Peyroux de la, letter
from Jefferson, 7, 253.Coues, Elliott, edits journals, 1, lvii, lxxxi–
lxxxiii, 11, 3, 17, 40, 48, 255; description
of journals, 1, xlix, 3, 4, 7, 411–423;
natural history identifications, 3, 13, 221,
324, 6, 123, 124, 127, 129, 130, 132–134;
identifies creeks, 3, 57, 5, 372; "Account
of various publications relating to Travels
of Lewis and Clark," 1, lxi; Henry's
Journal, 1, 228, 238; Larpenteur's Autobiography,
1, lxxxii, 7, 5, 305; Pike's Expeditions,
1, 7, 267, 4, 84, 5, 381.Cougar (Felix concolor), Lewis encounters,
2, 158.Council Bluffs (Ia.), described, 6, 42, 43, 7,
47; location, 1, 98, 99; distance up Missouri,
6, 58; from Omaha Indians, 6,
44; climate, 1, 99; animals, 6, 122; trees,
6, 140; flowers, 6, 147, 155; Indians, 1,
101; expedition, 1, 105, 112, 6, 188, 7,
22, 23, 47, 48; site for fur-trade post, 1,
44799, 5, 379, 6, 42, 85–88, 96; latitude, 7,
189, 190; astronomical observation taken,
6, 249.Coupée à Jacques, expedition passes, 1,
105.Couteau du Missouri, White Earth River
rises in, 1, 329.Cowbird or cow-blackbird (Molothrus ater),
described, 5, 201.Cows, owned by Indians, 5, 301; on board
vessels, 4, 64, 66.Cowslips (Dodecaltheon sp.), location, 6,
173, 213.Cox, Ross, Adventures on the Columbia, 3,
301.Coyote. See Wolves.
Crab-apple trees (Pirus rivularis, Dougl.),
described, 3, 261, 262, 4, 19–21; location,
3, 195, 197, 260; bark as tobacco, 4, 138,
203, 205.Crab Orchard (Va.), Lewis at, 7, 337.
Craig, Maj.—, at Pittsburg, 7, 264.
—(Mont.), expedition near site, 2, 241.
Cranberries, described, 4, 12, 19, 20; identified,
3, 221; location, 3, 261, 271, 272;
as food, 3, 273, 4, 89, 91; purchased, 3,
240, 242, 7, 180; Alaska, 4, 19; high-bush,
3, 169, 172.Cranes, described, 1, 295, 296; habitat, 3,
133, 135, 137; as food, 3, 133, 137; blue,
habitat, 3, 258, 6, 169; sandhill (gnus
canadensis), described, 2, 255, 284, 5, 53,
54; habitat, 2, 253, 260, 263, 266, 309,
321, 344, 3, 176, 180, 191, 193, 199, 227,
228, 239, 258, 307, 308, 4, 132–134, 210,
212, 345, 347, 349, 350, 5, 53, 122, 123, 176,
258, 6, 125, 173, 204, 217, 7, 123, 151;
food of, 2, 255; hunted, 2, 284, 5, 64, 66;
white, habitat, 3, 161, 162, 6, 171.Cratægus douglasii; C. columbiana; C.
piperi. See Haws.Crawfish, as food, 3, 80, 4, 149, 150, 7, 160.
Crawford,—, fur-trader, post of, 6, 96.
Cream of tartar, as remedy, 5, 48, 56, 58–
64, 66, 67.Cree (Christanoes, Christinaux, Christinoes,
Crestinoes, Knistanoes, Knistanoux,
Knistenaux) Indians, Algonquian
tribe: described, 6, 105, 106; habitat, 1,
222, 6, 105; numbers, 1, 222, 6, 105; language,
1, 222; relations with other tribes,
1, 222, 223, 231, 275, 6, 95, 96, 104, 106,
110; trade with British, 1, 306; fur-trade,
6, 105.Creeks—
Alkali. See Elk.
Almota, 3, 108.
Alpowa, expedition on, 4, 354, 355.
American. See Corvus.Antelope (Pondera), expedition encamps
at, 2, 292; Lewis on, 5, 208.Arc. See Bow.
Armell's, Clark's party on, 5, 305.
Arrow (Slaughter River), expedition on,
1, 44, 2, 94, 95, 7, 9.Ash, expedition on, 1, 34, 7, 6, 32.
Bad Rock. See Charretin.
Bad Spirit (Wahcondepeche, Waucande).
Indian graves on, 1, 107; expedition, 7, 25;
distance up Missouri, 6, 58; astronomical
observation taken, 6, 250.Badger, location, 5, 220; described, 5,
218.Baptiste. See Pompey's Pillar.
Battle. See Birch.
Bazile, location, 1, 138.
Beacon Rock, distance down Columbia,
6, 67.Bealette, Kansas affluent, 6, 36.
Bear, expedition on, 1, 37, 7, 6.
Beargrass, Clark estates on, 1, xxvii.
Beaver (Iowa), 7, 22; (Mo.), 7, 33; (Sarkarnak),
6, 49. See also White Earth.Bed Rock, expedition on, 4, 367, 369.
Belt Mountain. See Portage.
Bennet. See Mill.
Berry, affluent of Salmon, 3, 27; Indian
trail, 3, 47; Clark on, 3, 33, 39.Big Beaver, described, 6, 49; identified,
1, 195; distance up Missouri, 6, 49, 59; Indians
on, 6, 93; expedition on, 1, 195, 5,
349; boundary, 6, 99.Big Dry, distance up Missouri, 6, 61;
hyssop on, 2, 25; expedition, 2, 3, 5, 6.Big Fire, 7, 12.
Big Manitou. See River Manitou.
Big Muddy, confluence with Sun River,
5, 198.Big Prickly Pear, identified, 2, 251.
Big Rock (Mo.), 7, 8.
Birch (Battle), Lewis on, 5, 226.
Birth (White Tail Deer), origin of name,
2, 301; expedition on, 2, 301, 302.Biscuit, expedition on, 1, 63, 7, 14.
Blackbird (Richland), expedition on, 1,
44, 45, 7, 9.Blackfoot (Piaheto), identified, 1, 193.
Black-tailed Deer, identified, 2, 344.
Blowingfly, distance up Missouri, 6, 61;
expedition on, 2, 51, 53, 54, 7, 85.Blue Water (Le Bleue), 7, 14.
Bonhomme (Bonom), distance up Missouri,
6, 56; affluent of Missouri, 6, 30;
expedition on, 1, 26, 7, 5.Bow (Arc), Indian village on, 1, 124.
Boyers, width, 1, 93, 94.
Boyle's. See Tower.
Bozeman. See Sour Dough.Bridger (Bratton), expedition on, 2, 44;
Clark, 5, 272.Brown, Clark reaches, 3, 77.
Brown Bear Defeated, distance up Missouri,
6, 61; expedition on, 2, 36, 38.Buffalo, Yellowstone affluent, 6, 75; described,
5, 209, 332; Lewis on, 5, 208, 209;
astronomical observation taken, 5, 210.Bull (Dog), distance up Missouri, 6, 62;
identified, 2, 89; expedition on, 2, 89, 90.Bull Mountain (Shannon), expedition on,
5, 364, 7, 58; Clark, 5, 295.Burnt Fork, distance up Missouri, 6, 64;
expedition on, 3, 57, 59, 6, 77.Burnt Lodge, distance up Missouri, 6,
61.Butterfly (Papilion), distance up Missouri,
6, 58; Missouri affluent, 6, 42; expedition
on, 1, 87, 88, 90, 7, 43.Camp, expedition upon, 3, 53, 5, 249.
Campbell, expedition on, 1, 157.
Canister, distance down Columbia, 6, 65.
Cannon (Mo.), expedition on, 7, 31.
Canoe. See White Salmon River.
Cañon, Clark on, 5, 289; sketch, 5, 289.
Carmen, affluent of Salmon, 3, 48.
Catfish, Yellowstone affluent, 6, 75.
Cathlahaws, distance down Columbia 6,
68.Cedar (Seeder), Missouri affluent, 6, 31;
described, 6, 32; distance up Missouri, 6,
57; expedition on, 1, 39.Charbon (Chabonea, Coal), expedition
on, 1, 58, 7, 13.Charbonneau (Shabonos), distance up
Missouri, 6, 61; described, 5, 316; width,
5, 318; expedition on, 1, 308, 309, 311.Charette (Chaurette), Missouri affluent,
6, 30; distance up Missouri, 6, 56.Charpart (Chapawt). See Women's.
Charretin (Bad Rock, Sharriton Carta),
identified, 1, 57; expedition on, 7, 13.Cherry, expedition on, 7, 19.
Cheyenne, expedition passes, 1, 195.
Chucktins, Indians on, 6, 71.
Clatskanie, expedition on, 4, 201, 202.
Clear (Fishing), identified, 1, 55.
Clearwater (Du Beau, Dubois, Eau Beau,
Euebaux, Euebert, Hubert), distance up
Missouri, 6, 57; identified, 1, 54; described,
6, 35; expedition on, 7, 12; astronomical
observation taken, 6, 238.Coldwater (Couldwater), Clark on, 1, 17;
expedition on, 1, 25, 5, 392.Collins. See Lolo.
Colt, fish-weirs on, 5, 141, 142, 164, 166;
expedition on, 6, 24.Colt-killed (White-sand), location, 3, 66,
67; trail, 5, 167.Colter. See Potlatch.
Commearp. See Lawyer's Cañon.
Confederate, origin of name, 2, 263.
Corvus (American, Crow), origin of
name, 1, 150; explored, 1, 152; birds on,
6, 122; trees, 6, 141; expedition, 1, 156, 5,
363, 7, 415; astronomical observation taken,
6, 255.Council, 7, 23.
Crooked, identified, 2, 52.
Crys. See Weeping Water.
Cupboard, expedition on, 1, 38.
Cut Bank, described, 5, 212–215.
Datang, Indian road via, 3, 50.
Deep, affluent of Missouri, 2, 264.
Deepwater, affluent of Wolf, 6, 42.
Deer, affluent of Platte, 6, 42 expedition
on, 1, 35, 36, 203, 7, 6.Deer lick, expedition on, 1, 43, 44, 7, 9.
Dog. See Bull.
Dry, Yellowstone affluent, 6, 76; camp
at, 2, 267.Du Beau (Dubois). See
Clearwater.Duck, affluent of Missouri, 2, 263.
Eau Beau (Euebaux, Euebert). See
Clearwater.Ecola. See River Nehalem.
Elk, affluent of Wolf, 6, 42; Clark on,
5, 302, 303.Elm, expedition on, 1, 157, 7, 59.
Evil Spirits. See Bad Spirit.
Falling, affluent of Platte, 6, 42.
Fields' (North Boulder), distance up Missouri,
6, 63; expedition on, 2, 294, 296, 297,
6, 16; Clark on, 5, 258.Fire Prairie, identified, 1, 55; distance up
Missouri, 6, 57.Fish (Shywish), described, 6, 50; location,
5, 250; distance up Missouri, 6, 59,
64; identified, 3, 50; Indians on, 3, 33, 37,
38; expedition on, 3, 50, 53, 5, 158, 159, 6,
23, 73, 7, 147; Clark on, 3, 36, 38, 39.Fishing. See Clear.
Flattery, expedition on, 6, 8.
Flour Camp, distance up Missouri, 6, 64;
expedition on, 5, 248, 6, 77.Floyd's, location, 7, 37.
Fort Mountain, mouth of, 2, 228; expedition
on, 2, 232.Fourchette, identified, 2, 45.
Fourth of July, named, 1, 66; expedition
on, 6, 174.Frazier (South Boulder), distance up
Missouri, 6, 63; Jefferson affluent, 5, 256;
expedition on, 2, 296, 297, 6, 16.Gallagher's, expedition camps at, 2, 352.
Gass's (Hot Springs), distance up Missouri,
6, 63; expedition on, 2, 269, 270,
6, 12.Gibson's, expedition on, 2, 36, 38, 7, 82.
Girls (Soharch, Sohawch), expedition on,
1, 195.Glade (Quamash), distance up Missouri,
6, 64; affluent of Clearwater, 3, 64, 65, 67;
on route to ocean, 6, 78; road, 5, 249; Indians
on, 3, 66–68; expedition on, 3, 64–67,
5, 169, 171, 6, 77; Clark, 5, 249, 250.Goat, expedition on, 7, 56.
Goat Pen, named, 5, 330; distance up
Missouri, 6, 61; expedition on, 1, 315.Goodrich, expedition on, 7, 67.
Good-woman, described, 6, 32, 33; expedition
on, 7, 9, 34.Goose egg, expedition on, 1, 302, 304.
Grand Nemahaw, 7, 17, 41; latitude of,
7, 41.Granite, hot-springs on, 3, 64.
Grant, Lewis on, 5, 184.
Grasshoppers. See Willard's.
Gravely, affluent of Wolf, 6, 42.
Green. See Howard's.
Greyson's, expedition camps near, 2, 267.
Grindstone (Grinestone), expedition at,
1, 36.Grouse, origin of name, 2, 59; distance
up Missouri, 6, 61.Halls Strand, distance up Missouri, 6, 61.
Hay (Pocasse), origin of name, 1, 191.
Hay Cabin (Straw Hill), described, 6,
35; distance up Missouri, 6, 57; identified
1, 57; expedition on, 5, 385, 7, 13, 38;
astronomical observation taken, 6, 239.Hidden (Dak.), 7, 67.
High Water, expedition on, 1, 162.
Highwood (Shields), expedition on, 2,
162.Horse, distance up Missouri, 6, 64; Yellowstone
affluent, 5, 291, 6, 76.Hot (Warm) Springs, identified, 2, 269;
expedition on, 6, 24.Howard's (Green, Sixteen-mile), described,
5, 265; source, 5, 264; distance up
Missouri, 6, 63; identified, 2, 272; expedition
on, 2, 272, 274, 6, 13.Hubert. See Clearwater.
Hungry, described, 5, 138–140, 142, 148;
identified, 3, 72; distance up Missouri 6,
65, 73; cedar on, 5, 138; hunting, 5, 148,
158, 159; expedition on, 5, 137, 139, 140,
142, 149, 152, 159–163, 6, 23, 24, 7, 158, 417;
Clark, 3, 74–76; Lewis, 3, 76, 5, 138; horse
found on, 3, 74–76.Hunting, described, 6, 50; distance up
Missouri, 6, 59; Clark on, 1, 260.Independence, distance up Missouri, 6,
57; named, 6, 37; described, 6, 37; buckeye
on, 6, 141; expedition, 1, 67, 7, 15, 40.Indian, identified, 1, 308; described, 6,
42; expedition on, 2, 267, 7, 11; Clark,
2, 267.Indian Fort, distance up Missouri, 6, 61.
Indian Knob, expedition names, 1, 92,
93.Jack, expedition on, 4, 368, 370, 5, 5.
Jim Ford, expedition follows, 3, 87.
John Day, expedition on, 4, 197.
Kakawissassa, expedition on, 1, 184.
Kamaih. See Lawyer's Cañon.
Keetooshsahawña (Keetoochsarkarnar;
or place of the beaver), expedition on, 1,
195.Kimooenem. See River Tukenon.
Lackwater, distance up Missouri, 6, 61;
expedition on, 2, 5.Lamaltar, Indians on, 6, 115.
La poceau, expedition on, 1, 28.
Lapwai, affluent of Clearwater, 3, 103.
La Quiver (Queevere, Quevr), expedition
on, 1, 28.Lark, Lewis on, 2, 123, 126.
Lawyer's Cañon (Commearp, Kamaih),
country described, 5, 16, 18, 100, 102; Indians
on, 5, 110, 112, 114; hunters, 5, 66,
67; expedition, 5, 14, 29, 31; sketch, 5, 14.Lead, expedition on, 1, 40, 7, 8, 34.
Little Bow, described, 6, 45; distance up
Missouri, 6, 58.Little Dog, expedition on, 2, 68.
Little Dry, distance up Missouri, 6, 61;
expedition on, 2, 3, 5, 6.Little Fire, expedition on, 12.
Little Good Woman, expedition on, 1, 40,
7, 8, 34.Little Lake Canoe, distance down Columbia,
6, 67.Little Manitou (Moniteau), expedition at,
1, 40, 41.Little Muddy, expedition camps near, 2,
231.Little Nemahar, width, 1, 79, 80.
Little Porcupine (Table), described, 5,
305; named, 5, 304; width, 5, 306.Little Prickly Pear, identified, 2, 244.
Little Salt, Kansas affluent, 6, 36.
Little Willow, affluent of Wolf, 6, 42.
Little Wolf. See Windsor.Little Wolf Mountain, affluent of Yellowstone,
6, 60.Lola (Collins), described, 5, 42, 43; distance
up Missouri, 6, 65; pines on, 5, 138,
140; quamash, 5, 98, 101, 104, 105; hunting,
5, 37, 47, 48, 51, 60, 62–64, 66–68, 72, 75, 77,
86, 89, 95, 97, 114, 115, 133; expedition, 3,
74, 75, 77, 80, 5, 113, 120–123, 135, 136, 145,
146, 153–156, 183, 6, 23, 73, 7, 160; explored,
5, 54, 56.Lolo (Lou-lou). See Travellers' Rest.
Long Lake, identified, 1, 198.
Lookout, expedition on, 1, 175.
Lower Deer. See River Beaver.
McHesser's, identified, 2, 324.
McNeal (Black-tailed Deer), affluent of
Jefferson, 5, 256; distance up Missouri, 6,
63; expedition on, 2, 344, 345, 6, 20.Maha, described, 6, 44; Indians on, 6, 44;
fishing in, 7, 26.Manitou, described, 6, 33.
Mast, expedition on, 1, 39, 7, 8.
Maynadier, identified, 5, 312.
Mewartonnengar, Kansas affluent, 6, 36.
Miami, identified, 1, 48.
Mill (Bennet, Benoit, La Benue), expedition
on, 1, 58, 7, 13, 38.Mill (Quenett), affluent of Columbia, 3,
156–159, 164, 165, 4, 284, 285.Miry. See River Big Muddy.
Missouri, Indian village on, 7. 10.
Mitchell's. See Pryor's.
Moniteau. See Little Manitou.
Monteur (Montain, Monter), expedition
on, 1, 72, 7, 16.Moreau (Murow, Murrow), described, 6,
32; Indian rendezvous, 6, 32; source, 6,
33; distance up Missouri, 6, 56; expedition
on, 1, 38.Mosquito, described, 4, 368, 370; Missouri
affluent 6, 42; distance up Missouri, 6, 58;
Indians on, 5, 13; expedition, 1, 88, 4, 368,
370, 5, 95, 97, 7, 44.Muddy (Tulloch's Fork), described, 5,
296; Yellowstone affluent, 6, 31, 76; source,
6, 32.Muscleshell (Mustleshell), affluent of
Wolf, 6, 42; prairie on, 5, 135; hunting,
5, 133; Clark, 3, 77.Neercawarreca, Indians on, 6, 71.
Neeshnahbatona, Lewis on, 1, 82; described,
1, 82.Niêlee, distance from Missouri, 6, 71.
Night, expedition on 1, 157, 7, 60.
Nightingale, expedition on, 1, 38.
Nodaway. See River Nodaway.
North Boulder, identified, 2, 294.
North East, vegetation, 4, 351.
North Mountain, described, 2, 67, 68;
distance up Missouri, 6, 61; explored, 2,
68; expedition on, 2, 67–69, 71, 7, 416;
Lewis, 5, 231.No Timber, expedition on, 1, 172, 5,
360.Oak (Rampart), identified, 1, 183.
O'Fallon, named, 5, 312.
Onion, expedition passes, 1, 302.
Ordway's (Little Prickly Pear), distance
up Missouri, 6, 63; source, 2, 252; beaver
dams in, 2, 245, 247; expedition on, 2,
244–247, 6, 9, 7, 117.Osage Woman's, plants of, 6, 142.
Otter, described, 6, 48; distance up Missouri,
6, 59; width, 1, 181; expedition on,
1, 34, 7, 6, 32.Painted Wood, expedition near, 1, 332.
Panther. See Pipestone.
Pape (Pappie), origin of name, 1, 73,
7, 17.Papilion. See Butterfly.
Parques. See Turkey.
Pataha, branch of Kimooenem Creek, 4,
351, 352; quality of soil, 4, 351–353; expedition
on, 4, 351, 352; road, 4, 351, 352.Pelat, animals on, 4, 349, 350; expedition
on, 4, 349; 350; bottoms, 4, 349, 350;
vegetation, 4, 349, 350.Petite Arc, Indian fortifications on, 1,
137, 7, 53.Piaheto, expedition on, 1, 193.
Pigeon (Piggen), expedition on 7, 19.
Pine, distance up Missouri, 6, 61; expedition
on, 2, 30, 31.Pioneer, Clark on, 5, 250; Big Hole Pass
on, 5, 250.Pipestone (Panther), identified, 2, 304;
affluent of Jefferson, 5, 258; expedition on,
1, 157, 2, 304, 305, 6, 17, 7, 37.Plum (Mo.), described, 6, 46; distance
up Missouri, 6, 58; Indians on, 5, 372;
expedition, 1, 46, 7, 10.Plum (Dakota), origin of name, 1, 138;
expedition on, 1, 138, 7, 56.Pocasse. See Hay.
Pompey's Pillar (Baptiste), Clark on, 5,
295.Pondera. See Antelope.
Portage (Bell-Mountain, Red), identified,
2, 166; color of water, 2, 193, 194; expedition
on, 2, 166, 174, 175, 177, 182, 190, 193,
203, 6, 8.Potlatch (Colter's), described, 4, 364,
366; distance down Columbia, 6, 65; Indians
on, 6, 114; timber, 4, 368, 370; fisheries,
4, 364, 366; expedition, 3, 99, 4,
358, 361, 364, 366, 5, 3.Pott's (Big Prickly Pear), identified, 2,
251–253; distance up Missouri, 6, 63; expedition
on, 6, 10, 7, 46.Prairie, expedition on, 2, 325, 327; Clark
on, 5, 253.Prickly Pear, origin of name, 1, 157.
See also Pryor's.Pryor's (Mitchell's, Prickly Pear), identified,
2, 251, 253, 256; distance up Missouri,
6, 76; Lewis on, 2, 256, 257; Clark, 5,
294; expedition, 6, 11.Quenett. See Mill.
Rampart. See Oak.
Rattlesnake, expedition on, 2, 42; Lewis,
5, 189.Red. See Portage.
Remore. See Tree Frog.
Reuben, named for Reuben Fields, 1,
162.Richland. See Blackbird.
Roche percée. See Splitrock.
Rock, Yellowstone affluent, 6, 76; Indians
on, 4, 317, 318; expedition, 3, 174;
Clark, 5, 294.Rockdam, affluent of Clearwater, 3, 87;
distance from mouth of Missouri, 6, 65.Rolling (Rologe), expedition on, 1, 117,
7, 38.Rotten-grass, branch of Big Horn, 5, 297.
Round Bend, expedition on, 1, 47.
Round Knob, expedition on, 7, 46.
Rush (Mo.), expedition on, 1, 36, 7, 6, 33.
Saline. See Salt.
Salmon, distance up Missouri, 6, 64.
Salmon Trout, described, 5, 192; Lewis,
on, 5, 191.Salt (Saline, Sallin), described, 6, 36;
expedition on, 7, 8.Samuels, Yellowstone affluent, 6, 75.
Sand, expedition on, 1, 40.
Sand Coulée, source, 2, 171.
Sarkarnak. See Beaver.
Scappoose, expedition on, 4, 213.
Scattered. See Burnt Fork.
Seaman's, described, 5, 191; distance
from Missouri falls, 6, 72; expedition on,
6, 26.Seeder. See Cedar.
Shabonos. See Charbonneau.
Shannon. See Bull Mountain.
Shepherds, distance up Missouri, 6, 56;
expedition on, 1, 29.Shields, identified, 2, 162. See also
Highwood.Shishequaw (Sishequaw), affluent of
Medicine River, 6, 28; country described,
5, 196, 197; expedition on, 6, 27; Lewis,
5, 196.Short, Clark on, 5, 305.
Shywish. See Fish.
Sixteen-mile. See Green.
Skipanon, Clark crosses, 3, 320.
Slate, expedition on, 7, 67.
Slough, expedition on, 4, 213.
Smoke, expedition on, 5, 361, 7, 61.
Snake, described, 6, 34; distance up
Missouri, 6, 57; identified, 1, 48; expedition
on, 7, 11.Soft-shell Turtle, distance up Missouri,
6, 62.Soharch (Sohawch). See Girls.
Solomon's, Kansas affluent, 6, 36.
Sour Dough (Bozeman), road, 5, 261.
South Boulder, identified, 2, 296.
South Mountain, described, 2, 68; distance
up Missouri, 6, 61; expedition on, 2,
68, 69.Split-Rock (Roche percée), described, 6,
33; distance up Missouri, 6, 57; expedition
on, 1, 41, 42; astronomical observation
taken, 6, 237.Stick Lodge, expedition on, 2, 36.
Stinking Cabin, Yellowstone affluent, 6,
53, 76; Clark on, 5, 268.Stone Idol, described, 6, 49; distance
up Missouri, 6, 59; Indians on, 1, 190.Stone Wall, distance up Missouri, 6, 62;
expedition on, 2, 103, 105.Strawberry, expedition on, 7, 100.
Swan, identified, 1, 181.
Sweetgrass (Otter), distance up Missouri,
6, 76; described, 5, 210, 269, 271.Table. See Little Porcupine.
Tabo (Tabbo, Tabor), expedition on, 1,
52, 53, 7, 12, 36.Tarkio, described, 6, 37; distance up
Missouri, 6, 57; expedition on, 1, 74, 77,
7, 16.Tavern, expedition passes, 7, 5.
Teapot, distance up Missouri, 6, 61; expedition
on, 2, 63, 64, 66.Teed, expedition on, 7, 66.
Thigh-snagged. See Upper Deer.
Thompson's, distance up Missouri, 6,
62; expedition on, 2, 88–91.Three Sisters, expedition on, 1, 160.
Thunder-Hawk, expedition on, 1, 193.
Tigers, described, 6, 35; distance up
Missouri, 6, 57.Tower, affluent of Salmon River, 3, 39;
distance up Missouri, 6, 64; expedition on,
3, 48, 7, 146.Towerquottons, Indians on, 6, 71.
Track, Jefferson affluent, 5, 256; expedition
on, 2, 348.Trail, Clark on, 5, 249.
Traveller's Rest, distance up Missouri, 6,
64, 72, 73; from Jefferson, 6, 77; cañon,
3, 63; affluents, 3, 62, 63; timber, 3, 63;
deer on, 5, 173, 174; hot-springs, 3, 63–65,
5, 170, 172, 7, 155; Indians, 3, 62, 63, 5,
103, 104, 162, 164, 188; trails converge, 3,
64, 5, 95, 98, 167, 6, 74, 77, 78; expedition
on, 1, xxxiii, 3, 58–65, 4, 68–70, 72, 5, 26,
110, 112, 134, 141, 144, 145, 162, 164, 166,
170, 172–175, 331, 6, 23, 24, 56, 7, 154, 417,
419; party divides, 6, 224; Lewis on, 5, 330;
astronomical observation taken, 6, 263.Tree Frog (Remore), expedition on, 1,
63, 7, 14.Turf, origin of name, 2, 318, 319.
Turkey (Parques, Turquie), French fort
on, 6, 36; expedition, 1, 64, 65, 7, 15.Turtle, Yellowstone affluent, 6, 75; expedition
on, 2, 79, 81.Two Thousand Mile, distance up Missouri,
6, 61; explored, 1, 363–366.Upper Deer (Thigh-snagged), Yellowstone
affluent, 6, 76; named, 5, 271; Clark
on, 5, 271.Valley, distance up Missouri, 6, 62;
expedition on, 5, 171.Van Horn. See Windsor.
Vermillion, Indians on, 6, 113.
Village, distance up Missouri, 6, 65.
Wahcondepeche (Waucondi-Peeche). See
Bad Spirits.Wakenda, identified, 1, 48; Fort Orleans
on, 1, 50.Walla Walla, fertility of, 4, 342; timber,
4, 342.Warhoba, Kansas affluent, 6, 36.
Warreconne, boundary of Sioux territory,
6, 98, 100.Warrior's, expedition on, 4, 213.
Wash (Dak.), 7, 59, 60.
Waucande. See Bad Spirit.
Weasel, Yellowstone affluent, 6, 76.
Weeping Water (L'Eau qui pleure),
described 6, 38; distance up Missouri, 6,
58; expedition on, 1, 85, 7, 19, 43.Werner's, distance up Missouri, 6, 61,
72; width, 6, 25; swans on, 6, 26; expedition,
2, 18, 19, 6, 25, 26; Lewis, 5, 190,
191. See also River Clearwater.Whale. See River Nehalem.
Whippoorwill, expedition on, 7, 16.
White, Yellowstone affluent, 6, 75; Clark
on, 5, 304.White Bluff, affluent of Wolf, 6, 42.
White Brant, expedition on, 1, 180.
White Earth (Beaver), origin of name, 2,
260; distance up Missouri, 6, 63; expedition
on, 2, 260, 261.White Goat (Dak.), 7, 67.
White Lime, expedition on, 1, 138.
White Paint (River au Platte), described,
6, 46; identified, 1, 138, 139, 5, 372; distance
up Missouri, 6, 58; expedition on, 2,
253, 6, 11, 7, 56.White Tail Deer, identified, 2, 301.
Whitehouse, distance up Missouri, 6, 63;
expedition on, 2, 263, 264.Whitesand. See Colt-killed.
Wild Onion, distance up Missouri, 6, 61.
Willard's (Grasshopper), Kansas affluent,
6, 36; identified, 2, 352; distance up
Missouri, 6, 63; country described, 5, 253;
expedition on, 2, 352, 6, 21, 77, 7, 134;
Clark, 7, 134.Willow, identified, 2, 271; expedition on,
1, 115, 116, 2, 271, 6, 8, 7, 106, 108; Lewis,
5, 218. See also River Philosophy.Willow Run, distance from great falls, 2,
184; sudden rise, 2, 198, 199; expedition
at, 2, 193, 196, 203.Windsor (Van Horn, Little Wolf), described,
5, 303; distance up Missouri, 6,
62; expedition on, 2, 80, 81, 84.Wiser's, distance up Missouri, 6, 61;
expedition on, 2, 45–47.Wolf (Petite Rivière de Loup), expedition
on, 1, 156, 7, 16, 39, 41.Women's (Chapawt, Charpart), expedition
on, 1, 195.Wood, expedition on, 4, 320.
Yellow Bear Defeat. See Brown Bear
Defeat.Yellow Ochre (Oaker), origin of name,
1, 68.Zancare (Zon Cer), expedition, on, 1, 39, 7, 8.
Creek Indians, Clark's note on, 6, 112;
Hardin among, 1, xxviii.
Cress, wild (tongue grass; Cardamine sp.),
location, 4, 234, 237, 6, 142, 143, 213;
York gathers, 1, 40. See also Nasturtium.Crickets, habitat, 2, 284.
Croghan, Maj. William, Clark's brother-in-law,
7, 390; letters from Clark, 7, 301,
317; sketch, 7, 301.Crooks, Ramsay, fur-trader, 5, 373.
Cross-fox, described, 2, 102, 103.
Crotalus confluentus. See Rattlesnakes.
Crow (Corbeau, Kechatsa, Kite, Raven)
Indians: Hidatsa tribe, sketch, 1, 130, 5,
297, 6, 103; names for, 5, 21; habitat, 1,
130, 3, 19, 5, 297, 6, 103, 104; numbers,
1, 220, 6, 103; language, 1, 220; bands
of, 6, 267; secret society among, 1, 130;
relations with other tribes, 1, 189, 220,
286, 5, 224, 270, 348, 6, 90, 91, 103, 105;
hunters, 1, 220; traders, 5, 321; prisoners,
1, 189; signals, 5, 273; relations with
Spaniards, 5, 342; traders among, 3, 19,
5, 224, 6, 103, 107, 266; expedition among,
5, 245; York, 1, 185; agency, 1, 157; reservation,
1, 130, 5, 290.Crown Butte, Lewis sights, 2, 147.
Crows, described, 1, 151; common to
United States, 4, 129, 131; habitat, 1,
150, 300, 356, 2, 162, 3, 74, 75, 83, 257–
259, 309, 310, 4, 246, 5, 210, 260, 279, 384,
6, 187, 205, 225, 7, 176; blue (Cassin's or
Maximilian's jay; Gymnokitta cyanocephala),
described, 2, 295, 296; Clark's
(Nucifraga columbiana), first described,
3, 15–17, 5, 75, 76, 82, 83, 6, 121.Crows Head, Missouri chief, visits expedition,
1, 113.Cruzatte (Crusat, Crusatte, Crouzatt),
Pierre (Peter), with expedition, 1, 12,
284, 287, 7, 30, 357; in Pryor's mess, 1,
30; principal waterman, 1, 34, 53, 2, 35,
37, 3, 154, 178; sent to Indians, 1, 89, 90,
99, 109, 5, 371, 7, 45; messenger, 4, 290,
292, 293; detail duty, 1, 34, 2, 134; fisher,
4, 125; hunter, 1, 201, 5, 3, 8, 37, 40, 42,
43, 51, 52, 58, 59, 62–64, 68, 72, 133, 147,
148, 151, 242, 6, 132; plays violin, 2, 137,
187, 210, 211, 3, 133, 137, 152, 156, 161,
162, 4, 288, 289; buys dog, 4, 117, 119;
loses horse, 5, 120, 153, 154; discovers
mushrooms, 5, 147; geographical opinion,
2, 136; lost, 3, 8, 9; river named for, 3,
174; vote on wintering place, 3, 247;
with Clark, 3, 175, 177, 178, 4, 236, 301,
302; with Lewis, 2, 117, 122, 5, 240;
shoots Lewis, 5, 241, 330, 331, 7, 419; illness,
1, 206, 3, 293, 296; land warrant, 7,
343; pay, 7, 360, 361.Crystal, rock, found in Mexico, 7, 300.
Cuckoo (Coccygus erythrophthalmus), habitat,
5, 205, 6, 22.Cucumbers, wild, location, 2, 231.
Culteell, Cathlamet chief, 3, 295.
Culwhayma (Lupinus littoralis), root resembling
licorice, 3, 229, 230, 240, 242; described,
3, 292; as food, 3, 362, 363, 4,
10; sold, 3, 230, 286, 288, 305."Cupola," expedition on, 5, 368.
Curlews, habitat, 1, 318, 319, 2, 304, 306, 4,
135, 136, 320, 324, 345, 347, 349, 350, 5,
192, 210; nests described, 2, 180; brown:
described, 2, 120, 260; habitat, 2, 229,
5, 230, 6, 188, 192, 214; caught, 2, 256,
259.Currants (Ribes viscosissimum), identified, 2,
336, 6, 211; location on Missouri, 1, 96,
115, 122, 161, 323, 338, 2, 106, 108, 114,
116, 117, 179, 262, 278, 303, 306, 333, 7,
120, 124, 125, 129, 135; on Lemhi, 2, 358,
359; scarce, 5, 199, 358, 6, 188; bears
eat, 2, 261, 296, 298; berry resembles, 1,
119; Indian, 5, 327; Black: described,
5, 272; location, 2, 238, 239, 251, 258, 261,
271, 298, 300, 5, 275, 6, 225, 7, 117; Purple
(R. floridum): described, 5, 272; identified,
6, 142, 158; location, 2, 184, 187,
238, 239, 243, 258, 261, 271, 336, 4, 247,
274, 5, 275, 6, 144, 145, 154, 225, 227, 7,
107; Red: location, 2, 184, 187, 213, 236,
238, 239, 258, 261, 271, 298, 300, 7, 107,
117, 120; Red flowering (R. sanguineum):
identified, 6, 211; location, 4, 247; Yellow:
described, 2, 239, 5, 272; location,
2, 152, 213, 236, 238, 243, 251, 258, 261,
271, 298, 300, 359, 4, 286, 342, 343, 5, 200,
275, 6, 224, 225, 7, 100, 101, 112, 115, 117,
118, 120.Cuscalas (Kuskalaw, Kuskelar), Clatsop
chief, welcomes Clark, 3, 273–275, 4,
116–120, 122; aids his return, 3, 275–277,
317; Clark sends present to, 3, 288; visits
Clark, 3, 288, 289; canoe of, 3, 317.Cushhook Indians. See Cashhook.
Custer, Gen. George A., post at Fort
Abraham Lincoln, 1, 201; on Tongue
River, 5, 307; battle of Little Big Horn,
5, 297.Cut Nose (Neeshneparkkeeook), Chopunnish
chief, origin of name, 4, 359, 362;
hunts eagles, 5, 119, 120; relations with
Twisted Hair, 5, 5, 6, 9, 10, 13; with expedition,
4, 368, 370, 371, 5, 4–7, 9, 10,
19, 21, 117, 118, 132; given medal, 4,
359, 362; gives horse to Drouillard, 5,
23, 27; brother acts as guide, 5, 98, 101,
156, 157; death of wife, 5, 99, 101.Cutssahnem, Sokulk chief, makes map, 3,
128.Cutssahnim Indians, habitat, 4, 73, 76, 6,
119; own horses, 4, 73, 74, 76, 77; numbers,
6, 119.Cyanocitta stelleri. See Jay.
Cygnus (O.) buccinator; C. columbianus.
See Swan.Cynomys ludovicianus. See Prairie-dogs.
Cypress trees, on Rockies, 7, 156.
Cypripedium montanum. See Lady's slipper.
Dakota City (Nebr.), expedition at site, 1,
109.Dakota Indians. See Sioux.
Dakota, sandstones, 5, 380; artesian waters
in 5, 380; bad lands, 1, 293.Dalles City (Ore.), explorers camp near, 3,
159.Dalton, Mary Louise, aid acknowledged,
1, lix.Dame, John, in Warvington's mess, 1, 31.
Danville. See Anville.
Davidson,—, hunter on Northwest coast,
3, 306, 307, 4, 178; comes for elk-skins,
3, 306, 307.Dawson, Thomas H, represents Gillespy
& Strong, 7, 245.Dayton, J., U. S. senator, favors Louisiana
purchase, 7, 280, 282.Dayton (Wash.), location, 4, 349.
Dearborn, Gen. Henry, Secretary of War,
7, 355, 357; river named for, 2, 244; fort
named for, 2, 244.De Bourgmont,—, French explorer, 1, xix.
De Candolle. See Candolle.
Dechamps, Baptiste, patroon, 1, 31; detail
duty, 1, 33.De Corbeau Indians. See Crow.
Deer, varieties, 1, 155, 157; habitat, 1, 21,
27, 29, 34, 35, 37, 38, 43, 45, 46, 3, 5, 8,
10, 37, 47–49, 56, 57, 59, 61, 63, 65, 73, 84,
86, 87, 89, 90, 92, 95, 106, 156, 159, 161–
163, 167, 172, 174, 190, 192, 196, 197, 201,
227–230, 234, 236, 239, 244, 256, 267, 270,
293, 309, 310, 353, 354, 4, 254, 349, 5,
114, 115, 256, 261, 337, 381; size, 1, 240;
weight, 1, 97; scarce, 3, 326, 346, 348,
353, 354, 4, 228, 231, 5, 40, 47–50, 187,
215, 302, 306, 327, 328, 362; plentiful, 1,
57, 58, 64, 68, 151, 153, 159, 2, 12, 13, 33,
38, 40, 45, 120, 122, 125, 143, 258, 259, 264,
271, 278, 288, 291, 294, 295, 304, 306, 309,
312, 315–322, 326, 327, 329, 333, 334, 341,
343, 4, 206, 208, 219, 329, 330, 5, 77, 100,
102, 132, 173, 174, 194, 233, 259, 269, 363,
382, 6, 174, 190, 7, 311, 314; food, 1, 150,
338, 2, 25, 352; Indian method of hunting,
1, 128, 3, 106, 4, 371, 5, 38, 40, 156,
157, 7, 180, 187; expedition hunts, 1,
48, 50–52, 56, 57, 59–61, 63, 69, 74, 76,
80, 83, 85, 88–91, 95–97, 99, 116, 118,
123, 140, 143, 145, 148–150, 155, 157,
159, 161, 180, 191, 197–199, 201, 224,
237, 242, 245, 252, 254, 259, 260, 264, 294,
298, 320, 321, 323–325, 352, 360, 361, 369,
2, 12, 15, 19, 23–25, 32, 33, 45, 46, 48–
50, 52, 55, 57, 58, 64, 65, 117, 119, 125,
126, 129, 131, 145, 146, 169, 182, 183, 188,
214–217, 223–226, 231, 233, 245, 256, 261–
264, 266–268, 271, 273, 275, 278, 280, 282–
284, 296, 298–300, 302–305, 309, 312, 314,
317, 320, 321, 325, 328, 332, 333, 336, 337,
344, 345, 348, 349, 352, 354, 355, 359, 363,
366–369, 4, 9–13, 84, 86, 162, 163, 165, 209,
212, 213, 223, 225, 287, 291, 305, 345, 346,
369, 371, 5, 12, 13, 20, 21, 35, 42, 43, 55,
57–59, 63, 64, 66, 68, 72, 75, 77, 86, 89, 91,
93, 103, 104, 106, 107, 109, 123, 127, 131–
136, 145–149, 151, 154–157, 172–174, 176,
179–181, 183, 184, 190, 192, 193, 196, 197,
207, 209, 217, 231–234, 236, 238, 246–248,
255, 257–259, 261, 273, 275, 276, 278, 5,
292, 294, 316, 324, 327, 330, 346–348, 358,
360, 361, 363–365, 370, 384, 385, 6, 63, 7,
6, 7, 33, 99–102, 105–108, 111, 113, 115, 117–
119, 121–124, 126–135, 137–139, 141–147,
149–155, 157, 158, 162–165, 181–183, 186,
187, 325; number killed, 4, 194; quality,
4, 84, 86, 217, 229, 232, 243, 244, 5, 385;
as food, 1, 26, 3, 34, 36, 47, 49, 52, 57, 4,
300, 5, 3, 4, 8, 9, 58, 59, 121, 123, 323;
meat bitter, 2, 352, 354; hoofs used, 1,
168; skins: method of drying, 3, 3, 4, 243;
dressing, 2, 279, 3, 13, 5, 202; frozen, 3,
3, caps of, 4, 239, 242; robes, 2, 376,
377, 3, 10, 123, 126, 138, 143, 168, 171,
239, 242, 4, 185, 189, 241, 289; moccasins,
3, 3, 4; covering, 5, 142, 292, 294; bags,
4, 245–247, 5, 184; in Indian trade, 1,
132, 221, 4, 217, 276, 278, 6, 84–87, 90,
92, 93, 96, 97, 100, 104, 108–111; value of
skins, 6, 83; cached, 2, 315–317; specimen
preserved, 1, 281, 5, 362, 363, 7, 327, 337.Black-tailed or mule (Cariacus macrotis:
Odocoileus hemionus Rafn.): named, 6, 121;
described, 1, 152, 2, 20–22, 4, 157, 158, 6,
177; habitat, 1, 348, 349, 356, 362, 365–367,
2, 20, 284, 383, 4, 73, 75, 87, 90, 92, 157, 5,
51, 92, 93, 165, 167, 211, 359, 361, 363–365,
367, 6, 122, 7, 316, 325; size, 3, 18; compared
with common 2, 21, 4, 157, 158;
Indians hunt, 3, 18; expedition, 1, 332,
360, 2, 32, 33, 45, 46, 106, 108, 109, 112,
121, 179.Columbian black-tailed (C. columbianus):
first described, 3, 234, 237, 4, 87; habitat,
1, 183, 199, 2, 12, 13, 124, 3, 65, 69, 7, 92,
95, 4, 73, 75, 210, 212, 5, 328; meat inferior,
4, 87; hunted, 2, 346, 4, 263, 265, 277, 279,
6, 226.Fallow: habitat, 4, 157; characteristics,
4, 158; scarce, 4, 256.Long-tailed fallow (C. virginianus macrurus):
described, 4, 209, 210, 212; habitat,
1, 199, 4, 284, 286, 5, 363.Red (C. virginianus macrurus): described,
4, 87; habitat, 4, 73, 75; hard to catch,
2, 346.Deer Lodge County (Mont.), boundary, 5,
194.Degie, Philippe, with expedition, 1, 283.
Dejonah,—, hospitality of, 5, 392; in St.
Charles, 5, 392.Delashshelwit, Chinook chief, meets expedition,
4, 170, 171, 176, 178, 197; list
of party deposited with, 4, 180, 182.De Lassus (Lassuse),—, Lewis mentions,
7, 294.Delaunay (Deloney), David, associate justice,
1, 22.Delaware (Dellaways, Dillaway) Indians,
habitat, 6, 84; Clark's note on, 6, 112;
Connor among, 7, 213, 267, 268.Delorn (Delaunay?), Henry, fur-trader, 5,
378.Delphinium. See Bear's Claw.
Dendragapus franklini. See Pheasants.
Dentalium. See Wampum.
Desmanthus brachylobus, described, 6, 142,
146, 147.Detain Indians, numbers, 7, 316.
De Tesse, Madame la comtesse, letter from
Jefferson, 7, 393.in, 4, 93; British traders at,
1, 223; Hunt, 5, 393; Lewis, 1, xxv.Devil's race ground, in Missouri, 1, 27.
Dew, uncommon, 2, 48, 50, 161, 200, 6,
188, 191, 194, 196; on Missouri, 6, 227,
229; mountains, 6, 217; Columbia, 6,
212, 215, 221, 223, 224.Diamond City (Mont.), mining town, 2,
263.Dickson, Dr.—, to engage boat builders,
7, 214, 225.—, Joseph, fur-trader, 5, 242, 329; among
Teton, 5, 243, 329; with expedition, 5,
242, 243, 335; in Illinois, 5, 344; Colter
joins, 5, 344; sketch, 5, 242, 243.—, Capt. Joseph, in Black Hawk War,
5, 243.—, Robert, fur-trader, 5, 374; in War of
1812–15, 6, 93; sketch, 5, 374.Diemyctylus . See Lizard.
Dill (Carum), described, 3, 41, 42; flowers,
3, 42; edible, 3, 12, 13, 41, 5, 41, 43, 7,
143; roots described, 5, 48; Sacajawea
collects, 5, 46, 47; how prepared, 5, 48.Dillon (Mont.), location, 2, 344, 5, 256;
landmarks, 2, 321; expedition at, 2, 332.Dinsmore,—, at Monticello, 7, 345.
Dismal Swamp, expedition crosses, 7, 147,
148.Divers, two species, on Northwest coast, 4,
137, 139; described, 5, 152–154.Dixon County (Nebr.), burning hill in, 1,
119.Dock, narrow (Rumex salicifolius), location,
2, 231, 4, 234.Dodd, Mead & Co., secure Whitehouse
Journal, 1, lv, lvi.Dodecalthcon sp. See Cowslip.
Dog Indians. See Cheyenne.
Dogs, badger resembles, 1, 95; bark of, 1,
108; cure for bite, 1, 266, 267, 281, 6,
157, 158, 184, 7, 323; Lewis's sick, 1,
121, 2, 272; lost, 1, 334, 336; beaver
bites, 2, 48, 49; catches goat, 1, 351,
372, 374; chases buffalo, 1, 329, 2, 91,
95; chases deer, 2, 231, 5, 58, 59; fears
bears, 2, 191, 193; mosquitoes trouble,
5, 204; alarms camp, 2, 172; Indians
astonished at, 2, 363, 366; stray joins
Lewis, 1, 305, 310, 314; Indian: described,
4, 78, 79; owned, 4, 73, 75, 155,
156; used on sledges, 1, 235, 323–325, 5,
357; hunt elk, 4, 38, 39; sacrificed, 1,
324, 325, eaten at councils, 1, 167, 168;
stray from Indians, 1, 83, 361, 2, 20, 23;
as present, 4, 61, 62, 95, 97; purchased, 3,
308–310, 332, 335, 4, 102, 105, 117, 119,
195–198, 202, 203, 215, 242, 259, 262, 267,
271, 282, 284, 285, 312, 317, 320, 321, 323,
331, 333, 335, 337, 340, 342, 6, 66, 68;
trade for, 4, 147, 149, 203, 205, 217; price,
3, 128, 130; as food, 1, 128, 169, 3, 103,
105, 107–113, 119, 120, 122, 123, 138, 139,
142, 144, 146, 149, 150, 165–169, 206–208,
4, 217, 251, 253, 254, 276–278, 292, 293,
299, 306, 308–311, 314, 315, 318, 326–328,
330, 352–355, 357–362, 7, 166–170, 173,
174, 179, 180, 182, 183, 187; quality, 4,
228, 231; taste, 3, 108, 313; Frenchmen
like, 3, 103; expedition, 3, 150, 309,
310.Dogwood, location, 4, 246, 247; size of tree,
4, 246; mixed with tobacco, 1, 166.Dolphin, catfish resembles, 1, 90.
"Dome," distance up Missouri, 6, 59; expedition
at, 5, 368, 369, 6, 122.Dominique, name for fowl, 4, 127, 128.
Donaldson, James Lowry, land-commissioner,
5, 391.Dorion (Deurion, Dourion), Pierre, Sioux
interpreter, with expedition, 1, 46, 47,
456110, 115, 126, 128, 129, 131, 133, 169, 173;
with Gravelines, 5, 383; with Indians, 5,
329, 371; letter to Clark, 1, 47.Dorion, Pierre, Jr., 5, 371; death, 1, 128.
Dorsey, G. B., quoted, 1, 3.
—, J., subscriber to Michaux expedition,
7, 205.Dotames (Dotama) Indians, described, 6,
102, 103; habitat, 6, 102, 108; numbers,
6, 102; trade with Kiowa, 6, 101.Doted (doated, doughted), term defined, 1,
274.Doughty, Maj.—, on Tennessee River, 7,
200.Douglas,—, botanical notes, 3, 130.
—, Walter B., aid acknowledged, 1, lix;
notes by, 1, 50, 185, 5, 393.Doves (Zenaidura caroliniensis), habitat, 5,
177, 192, 200, 210, 279.Dove's-foot, location, 6, 173.
Drake, Francis, English explorer, 1, xviii.
Draper, Lyman C., manuscript collection
of, 1, xx, 27, 47, 7, 193, 194, 198, 199,
317, 338, 362, 390; Floyd journal among
papers, 1, 1v.Drouillard (Drewyer, Drullier, Drulyard),
George, with expedition, 1, 12, 19, 21,
284, 287, 7, 30, 228, 331; hunter, 1, 46,
74, 95, 97, 134, 146, 210, 222, 298, 372, 373,
2, 72, 75, 103, 120, 121, 160, 172, 183, 186,
188, 191, 200, 231, 264, 290, 293, 295, 302,
303, 314, 318, 325, 334, 345, 351, 354, 355,
368, 376, 3, 29, 57, 72, 90, 159, 262, 273,
279, 291, 293, 297, 299, 321, 332, 339, 353,
4, 9, 11, 18, 20, 39, 40, 42, 45, 47, 54, 55,
57, 72, 75, 83, 92, 94, 140, 142, 143, 145,
147, 149, 155, 156, 162, 165, 192–199, 201,
202, 207, 209, 211, 225, 238, 242–246, 249,
251, 252, 254, 257, 269, 272, 277, 279, 281,
284, 286, 341, 343, 344, 5, 3, 8, 12, 14, 17
20, 21, 37, 40, 42, 43, 47, 48, 50, 51, 55, 57,
62–64, 68, 72, 114, 115, 117, 118, 134, 169,
171–174, 187, 195, 198, 215, 217, 231, 233,
238, 360, 363, 364, 7, 7, 18, 38, 42, 43, 46,
54, 56–60, 110, 119, 129, 164, 165; trapper,
3, 287, 307, 308, 318, 336, 353, 354, 4 68,
70, 181, 183; loses traps, 5, 288; boatman,
1, 301, 2, 34, 3, 113, 115, 4, 260,
262, 7, 53, 99; guide, 5, 141; interpreter,
5, 110, 221; familiar with sign language,
2, 346; relations with Indians: Sioux, 1,
261, 262; Missouri, 1, 92; Mandan, 1,
269; Oto and Pawnee, 1, 89, 90, 7, 21, 45;
Shoshoni, 2, 329–331, 333, 334, 3, 11, 12;
Clatsops, 4, 95, 97, 102, 105, 162, 165, 168,
169; Cathlamet, 4, 173, 174, 176, 178;
Skillute, 4, 288, 296; Nez Percés, 5, 23,
27; Blackfeet, 5, 223–225, 332, 334;
trader, 4, 297, 300; fisher, 4, 109, 111, 123,
125; good marksman, 4, 9, 11; expert
runner, 5, 117, 118; messenger, 1, 341,
2, 357, 361, 364, 5, 6, 7, 9, 95, 97, 144–146
149, 151, 154–157, 338, 394, 7, 128;
sent after deserter, 1, 102, 7, 48, 50;
exempt from guard duty, 1, 33; tomahawk
stolen, 3, 8; loses horse, 5, 41, 42,
144, 145, 160, 161; in charge of horses,
1, 28, 29, 38, 56, 64; searches for lost, 1,
124, 125, 5, 200–202, 204, 7, 22, 47; doctors
horses, 5, 35, 39, 49, 50; describes
snake, 1, 48; catches beaver, 7, 47; encounter
with bear, 2, 109, 205, 7, 9, 34,
35, 37; wounds buffalo, 5, 206, 207;
dresses elk skins, 2, 192; renders tallow,
2, 202; cook, 2, 200; explorer, 1, 64, 121,
2, 147, 182–184, 186, 315–317, 326, 327,
329, 334, 5, 56, 208–213, 6, 128, 7, 60, 61;
accompanies Lewis, 2, 117, 122, 140, 142,
194, 234, 290, 293, 310–312, 323, 3, 221–
223, 255–262, 5, 176, 203, 219–221, 332, 7,
98, 125, 130; Clark, 1, 294, 5, 110, 112,
337; hunts for tomahawk, 5, 95, 97, 98,
101; for Shannon, 2, 318; destroys
canoes, 4, 320, 321; quarrel with Colter,
4, 364, 366; vote on wintering place, 3,
247; estimates number of Indian horses,
2, 347; illness, 1, 252, 3, 89, 4, 180, 181;
accidents, 1, 224, 2, 311, 5, 195; lost, 2,
262; river named for, 3, 112; value of
services, 3, 339, 7, 359; pay, 7, 288, 360,
361; death, 1, 222, 5, 224.—, Pierre, father of George, 1, 222.
Drum fish, at Falls of Columbia, 3, 156,
159, 7, 181.Dubuque (Dabuke), Julien, mentioned, 7,
294; on Mississippi River, 5, 375.Ducks—
Varieties, 3, 258–260, 307, 308, 4, 137–139;
habitat, 1, 110, 181, 219, 268, 279, 316, 319,
327, 346, 356, 362, 365, 2, 162, 163, 263, 284,
302, 304, 306, 309, 321, 332, 344, 3, 38, 59,
90, 91, 113, 115, 117, 125, 133, 137, 138, 140,
172, 174, 190, 191, 194, 196, 199–201, 210,
211, 213, 214, 227–230, 238, 244, 250, 256,
258, 275, 276, 307, 4, 210, 212, 216, 218, 246,
247, 345, 347, 5, 122, 123, 192, 211, 233, 235,
257, 377, 6, 169, 173, 184, 185, 198, 204, 7,
127, 130, 132, 133, 152, 153, 160, 166, 172,
173, 176, 181, 186, 311; food, 1, 150, 6, 138,
147; nests, 1, 343; hunted, 2, 287, 292, 309,
4, 211, 213, 219, 220, 256, 349, 350.Black: described, 4, 152–154; habitat,
4, 137, 139.Black and white (butterbox): described,
4, 150, 151; habitat, 4, 137, 139, 150, 151, 198.Brown: described, 4, 151–153; habitat,
4, 137, 139.Canvas-back (Aristonetta vallimeria): described
4, 148, 150; habitat, 4, 137, 138,
148, 150, 210, 212.Mallard (Anasboscas): habitat, 1, 296, 316,
2, 278, 301, 4, 137, 138, 148, 150, 198, 210,
6, 177, 214.Red-headed fishing or shell drake (Mergus
serrator): described, 2, 179; habitat, 2,
253, 266, 301, 4, 137, 139, 148–150, 6, 211.Ring-necked scaup (Fuligula collaris):
Lewis and Clark discover, 4, 210; described,
4, 210, 211, 216.Shoveler (Spatula clypeata): described, 4,
323, 325, 5, 3, 4.Summer (or wood); habitat, 2, 284, 4,
225, 6, 125, 174; killed, 4, 258, 6, 173, 211.Teal: habitat, 1, 316, 6, 177.
Dufief,—, bill paid, 7, 224.
Dunbar, William C., explorations of, 1,
xxxvi, 7, 212.Duponceau, Peter Stephen, letter from Jefferson,
7, 402; member of American
Philosophical Society, 7, 402, 405, 406;
sketch, 7, 402.Du Pratz, Le Page, History of Louisiana, 1,
50, 67, 68, 6, 108.Duquette (Ducett), Francis, expedition
meets, 1, 18, 25, 5, 392; sketch, 5, 392.Du Tisné,—, French explorer, 1, xix
Dye, Eva Emery, aid acknowledged, 1, lix,
238, 283, 3, 178, 4, 215, 5, 350, 7, 301;
The Conquest, 1, lix, xci; McLoughlin and
Old Oregon, 1, xci.Dysentery, Lewis suffers with, 2, 140, 142,
144; men, 1, 51, 368; remedy for, 2, 142,
144.Eagle Feathers (Piahets), Arikara chief,
creek named for, 1, 193; expedition
meets, 1, 185.—Nest, Indian landmark on Missouri,
2, 155, 159.—Rock, expedition at, 2, 274.
Eagles—
Habitat, 3, 257, 259, 4, 80, 211, 213, 5,
47, 48, 119, 235, 246, 260, 279, 377, 7, 88;
nests, 1, 343; 345; food 2, 7; Indians raise,
5, 119; feathers prized, 3, 6, 4, 159, 160, 5,
289.Bald: habitat, 1, 303, 305, 2, 7, 325, 3,
309, 310, 5, 233, 6, 187, 188, 190, 206, 7,
133; size, 2, 223; nests, 6, 136; compared
with grey, 4, 203, 205.Golden (calumet bird): origin of name,
1, 199, 4, 159, 160; described, 4, 158–160;
habitat, 4, 159, 5, 233, 6, 187, 7, 316;
feathers prized, 1, 199, 4, 158, 159, 6, 187.Grey: habitat, 4, 80, 83, 5, 119, 120, 7,
126; size, 2, 223, 4, 83; weight, 4, 80, 83;
compared with bald, 4, 203, 205.Eaneah Waudepon, Indian name for Stone
River, 1, 103, 104.Eapanopa (Two-tailed calumet bird), Mandan
chief, meets expedition, 1, 213.East India Company, monopoly of, 1, xxii.
East Indies, fur-trade with, 4, 74, 77.
East Portland (Ore.), location, 3, 193.
Eastman, Mrs. Mary, Aboriginal Portfolio,
2, 88.Echelute (Echeelute, Echeloot, Eskellute)
Indians, habitat, 3, 164, 183, 341,
342, 4, 73, 76, 6, 115, 7, 180; numbers,
6, 115; dress, 7, 180; wooden huts, 7,
180; canoes, 7, 181; horses, 4, 73, 74,
76, 77; half-breeds among, 7, 180; trade
with whites, 7, 180; medal given to, 7,
180, 182.Eclectic Review, 1, lxvii.
Ecola. See Creek: Whale.
Ecupscuppeah Indians, Tushepaw band,
numbers, 6, 267.Edmonton (Alberta), fur-trade fort at site
of, 2, 98.Egypt, plagues of, 2, 266.
Ehartsar Indians, Crow tribe, 6, 103.
Elallah. See Island: Deer.
Elders, box, location, 1, 299, 323, 337, 2,
92, 97, 116, 179–181, 208, 221, 223, 236,
239, 260, 299, 6, 122, 141, 7, 92, 112;
timber in canoes, 2, 185; Sambucus
glaucus, Nutt: described, 4, 49, 51; location,
4, 49, 50, 5, 108, 181, 6, 213; decoction
as remedy, 5, 55, 57; blue-berried
species, 3, 261.El Dorado (Mont), expedition at site, 2,
252.Elephant, compared with mammoth, 7,
274, 275, 278.Elk Point (S. Dak.), expedition at 1, 117.
Elks, described, 5, 232; habitat, 1, 68, 106,
117, 144, 151, 153, 155, 159, 163, 172, 197,
199, 201, 279, 302, 312, 314–317, 319, 322,
326, 327, 329, 331, 333–335, 343, 346, 349,
353, 356, 362, 366, 367, 370, 373, 2, 258,
263, 265, 266, 271, 287, 299–302, 306, 383,
3, 5, 37, 38, 55, 64, 161, 163, 197, 213, 217,
219, 220, 260, 262–267, 271, 272, 276, 277,
279, 297, 299, 305, 313, 314, 317, 325, 331,
332, 335, 339, 4, 40, 42, 90, 92, 345, 347,
5, 211, 261, 269, 278, 337, 349, 377, 6, 174,
458175, 190, 229, 7, 19, 22, 46, 51, 99, 116,
120, 126, 127, 311, 325; scarce, 4, 114,
115, 228, 231, 5, 196, 199, 230, 327,
plentiful, 2, 12, 13, 17, 33, 44, 45, 47, 78,
79, 113, 116, 119, 121, 4, 206, 208, 219, 5,
165, 173, 174, 229, 231, 233, 236, 268, 290,
293, 302, 306, 311, 312, 316, 322, 363, 7,
342; herds, 5, 212, 235, 240, 259, 266;
size of herds, 1, 198, 5, 265; size, 1, 240,
355; resemble antelope, 1, 176; eyes, 4,
158; gentle, 1, 335; habits, 4, 157; young
of, 6, 190, 191; shed horns, 1, 326, 6 209; quality shown by horns, 4, 162, 163;
food, 1, 150, 338, 2, 25, 4, 40, 42, 52, 53,
5, 318; swim, 2, 80, 84, 6, 62; driven
to mountains, 4, 102, 103, 135, 137, 258;
Indians hunt, 1, 92, 128, 4, 39, 223, 225;
dogs employed, 4, 78, 79; hard to kill,
3, 326, 347, 349, 357, 359; methods, 3,
347, 349; wounded, 3, 347, 349; taken in
pits, 3, 347, 349; expedition hunts, 1, 78,
96, 97, 104, 118, 119, 123, 134, 140, 143–
145, 148, 157, 181, 198, 199, 224, 247,
259–261, 264, 265, 308, 320, 321, 323–325,
355, 357, 360–362, 365, 372, 374, 2, 4, 6,
7, 9, 32, 41, 43, 48, 50, 52, 55, 57, 58, 64,
65, 85, 87, 94, 96, 103, 105, 109, 112, 117,
119, 124, 125, 127, 129, 142, 146, 172, 179,
182, 183, 186, 188, 191, 211, 214, 215, 230,
233, 235, 245, 249–252, 261, 262, 282, 293,
295, 316, 317, 3, 279, 284, 297, 299, 307,
308, 317, 338, 340, 341, 4, 3, 4, 9, 11, 15,
17, 26, 29, 30, 33, 40, 42–45, 47, 52, 53,
57, 58, 73, 75, 81, 83, 87, 88, 92, 94, 102,
103, 109, 112, 114, 115, 117, 119, 120, 122,
140, 142, 143, 145, 147, 149, 162, 165, 167,
169, 171, 178, 181, 183, 196–199, 238, 239,
250, 251, 254, 305, 5, 198, 199, 213, 230,
236, 238, 239, 266, 276, 278, 298, 330, 331,
335, 348, 358, 362, 365, 372, 378, 379, 385,
7, 99, 102, 105, 110, 115, 118, 123, 129,
152; number killed, 4, 194; stolen by
Clatsops, 4, 61, 62, 95, 97, 177, 179;
winter supply, 3, 248, 249, 266, 267; as
food, 3, 290, 291, 294, 296, 297, 299,
302, 305, 319, 326, 339, 340, 350, 351,
362, 4, 52, 53, 5, 148, 322, 323; tongue
eaten, 3, 297, 299, 302, 305; marrow
bones, 2, 125, 3, 264; 7 tallow from bones,
3, 264, 265; method of cooking, 4, 21, 23,
24, 49, 50; smoked, 3, 284, 285, 287, 326,
339, 340, 342, 344, 357, 359; dried, 4,
242, 288; jerked, 4, 326, 327, 5, 319;
becomes putrid, 3, 289, 290, 292, 4, 170,
171; quality, 4, 84, 86, 123, 125, 229; 232,
243, 244.Horns: as , 3, 9, 10, 19, 124, 359,
4, 20, 21; arrows, 3, 19; bows, 3, 20;
mending knives, 3, 19; specimen preserved,
1, 282.Teeth, as money, 4, 294.
Tusks, as ornament, 3, 5, 6, 15, 4, 187,
191, 5, 357.Skins, 4, 81, 83, 170; preparation of, 2,
218, 283; uses. 3, 3, 4, 85, 150, 233, 272,
297, 342, 343; Indian robes. 2, 376, 377, 3,
239, 242, 4, 185, 189, 289; boats, 1, 134, 2,
32, 109, 126. 166, 169, 178, 179, 186, 189,
201, 7, 102, 103, 105; protect baggage, 4, 87,
88, 252, 254, 5, 229, 235; clothing of, 3, 86,
105, 168, 171, 216, 249, 326, 4, 7, 8, 5, 160,
161, 7, 123, 162, 166, 174; sacks, 4, 147,
149; ropes, 1, 124, 128, 226, 253, 265, 2, 87,
89, 4, 227, 230, 308; strings, 4, 300; tougher
than buffalo, 2, 169; harness, 4, 291; sinews
as thread, 3, 346, 348, 4, 109, 112; barter
for, 4, 25, 199, 201, 202, 263, 265, 276, 304;
in Indian trade, 4, 297, 299, 6, 104, 105; as
money, 4, 9, 11, stolen, 4, 45, 47; lost, 5,
95, 97; dressed for sale, 3, 293, 296, 299,
300, 328, 345.Ellicott, Andrew, aids Lewis, 6, 231, 232,
260, 7, 216, 220–223, 225; astronomical
data, 1, 297; sketch, 7, 220.Elms, on Missouri, 1, 149, 217, 291, 311, 323,
5, 236, 327, 380, 6, 50, 83, 88, 95, 150, 177,
188; on Yellowstone, 1, 337, 341, 342;
different species, 5, 384; slippery or red,
1, 299, 5, 373, 6, 141, 228; Indians use
for lodges, 1, 306.Elmslie, John, United States consul, 7, 251.
Elack'ke (Eluckko). See Sea-otter.
Elutee Indians, habitat, 4, 269, 272; houses,
4, 240; traders, 4, 269, 272, 273.Elymos sitanion , See Rye.
Elymus . See Grasses.
Emlhtark' Ahahah. See River: Little Missouri.
Emmonsburg (N. Dak.), location 1, 195.
Emys degans. See Water-terrapins.
Eneeshur (Enechur, Eneshuh, Eneshur)
Indians, habitat, 3, 164, 183, 341, 342, 4,
73, 76, 287, 303, 307, 6, 66, 115; numbers,
6, 115; language, 3, 164, 165, 4, 316, 364,
366; characteristics, 4, 304, 306, 308;
thievery of, 4, 301, 304; mat lodges, 4,
303, 305, 307, 311, 312, 314–316, 6, 66;
flatten heads, 3, 164, 165; dress hair, 4,
306; dress in skins, 4, 303, 305, 307, 316;
ornaments, 4, 303, 307; food. 4, 305, 307;
fuel scarce, 4, 303–305; root gatherers, 4,
294; manufactures, 4, 304, 306; horses, 4,
73, 74, 76, 77; traders, 4, 301–303, 305–
459307; expedition among 4, 304, 306, 308,
309; Lewis, 4, 293, 309; Clark, 4, 291
293, 294, 298, 301–303, 305–311.Enhydris marina. See Sea-otter.
Epeâhzhah. See River: Miry.
Equisetum telmatcia; E. arvense. See
Rushes.Eremophila alpestris var. See Prairie-lark.
Erethieon dersatum. See Porcupine.
Ermine (Stoat; Putorius erminea; Putorius
), Indians use skins, 2, 379; as
ornaments, 3, 10; money, 4, 294; fur-trade,
2, 384.Erythronium grandiflorum. See Violets.
Erythronium nuttallium. See Lilies.
Esahateaketarpar Indians, Sioux tribe, 6,
99.Eslitch, Indian tribe of Southwest coast,
3, 341.Essex Institute (Salem, Mass.), owns editions,
1, lxii.Eulachon, described, 4, 102, 103, 107–109;
caught, 4, 123; illustrated, 4, frontispiece.Euphorbia heterophylla, in Lewis herbarium,
6, 155; identified, 6, 158.Eutænia sirtalis. See Garter snakes.
Eutænia vagrans, found along Missouri, 2,
266.Evans, Lewis, among Mandan, 1, 223; map
of Missouri, 1, 162, 163, 195, 198, 200 7,
291, 292.Evergreens, described, 4, 61–63; habitat,
4, 234, 247.Ewing,—, subscriber to Michaux expedition,
7, 205.Expedition—
Jefferson's relation to, 1, xxiii, xxiv, 280–
282; objects of, 7, 247–252; estimated cost,
1, xxiii, xxiv, 7, 210; public accounting, 7,
319, 320; instructions for, 7, 251, 252; Clark
engages men, 7, 263, 266; wages, 7, 227,
272, 273, 298, 299, 343, 354–362; numbers,
7, 4, 30, 312, 319, 326, 331; personnel, 1,
xxxi, 11–13, 284– 286, 7, 319, 357–361; supplies
and equipment: lists, 1, 15, 2, 187,
219, 5, 287, 7, 231–246, 234–239, 247, 299;
arms and ammunition, 1, 16, 149, 2, 189,
190, 5, 241, 257, 378, 391, 7, 23, 24, 79, 187,
216, 223, 232–234, 241, 243, 247; cached, 2,
139–141, 143, 189, 190, 193, 194, 3, 96, 98, 7,
98, 99, 166, 167; astronomical instruments,
2, 331, 4, 77, 5, 19, 21, 7, 221–223, 229, 231,
232, 240, 241, 246, 247; boats, 7, 214–216,
236, 260, 266, 269, 270, 273; tents, 7, 245;
camp equipage, 7, 233, 234, 239, 240, 245,
247; clothing, 2, 189, 190, 4, 7, 8, 7, 233,
242; Indian presents, 6, 270–279, 7, 138,
234–239, 306; liquor, 1, 67, 98, 112, 114,
133, 142, 164, 174, 180, 214, 217, 232, 240;
medicines, 7, 236, 241, 244, 245, 247; provisions,
1, 222, 225, 240, 250, 254, 272, 294,
300, 338, 2, 140, 143, 189, 190, 3, 3, 14, 71,
74, 5, 61, 63, 66, 67, 7, 99, 320, 321; tobacco,
1, 89, 102, 108, 113, 128, 162, 171–174, 179,
208, 209, 217, 221, 228, 232, 233; discipline,
1, 4, 9–12, 15, 19–21, 32, 61, 62, 76, 112, 190,
256, 257; court-martials, 1, 61, 62, 76, 191–
193, 257; detachment orders, 1, 8–15, 30–
34; healthfulness, 7, 321, 326, 342; at
Camp Dubois, 1, xxxi, xxxii, 3, 8–16; start,
1, 16, 17, 25, 7, 4; Camp Dubois to River
Platte, 1, xxxii, 3–88; breaks mast, 1, 28,
7, 8; deserter, 1, 99–102, 111, 112; relations
with Oto and Pawnee, 1, 88–98, 110–114, 7, 22, 23, 47, 48; with Omaha, 1, 109–
111, 169, 7, 25, 49; Platte to Vermillion,
1, 89–120; death of Floyd, 1, 116, 117,
7, 30; Vermillion to Teton, 1, 121–163;
councils with Sioux, 1, 126, 128–133, 7, 54,
55; Teton to Mandan, 1, 164–207, 7, 63–69;
trouble with Teton, 1, 163, 170, 174, 7, 63–
65; among Arikara, 1, 172, 173, 184–190,
194, 7, 68, 303–305; among Mandan, 1,
204–276, 7, 69–75; build Fort Mandan,
1, xxxii, 210–219, 222, 223, 224, 226, 7, 69,
70; relations with Mandan,1, 210–215, 229–
232, 7, 70–75; celebrate Christmas and New
Year's, 1, 240, 243, 244, 7, 72; British
traders visit, 1, 251, 7, 71–74, 307, 308;
prepare for departure, 1, 265–276; detachment
sent back to St. Louis, 1, 287, 6, 279,
280; Fort Mandan to Yellowstone, 1, 277–
347; Yellowstone to Musselshell, 1, 348–
374, 2, 3–62, 7, 76–86; burning tree falls,
2, 42, 44; Musselshell to Maria's, 2, 63–
129, 7, 84–89; buffalo in camp, 2, 90, 91,
6, 62, 7, 90; cache at Maria's, 2, 134, 136,
139–141, 7, 98, 99; Maria's to Great Falls,
2, 130–177; cache at Falls, 2, 164–172, 189, 190, 193, 194, 220, 7, 102, 103; portaging
the Falls, 2, 159, 161–229, 7, 102, 105–114,
340; length of portage, 2, 183; experiments
with iron boat, 2, 218–220; making canoes,
2, 219–224, 226–230; Great Falls to Three
Forks, 2, 230–280, 7, 115–122; celebrate
Fourth of July, 7, 110; Three Forks to
Beaver's Head, 2, 281–328, 7, 122–132;
Beaver's Head to Great Divide, 2, 329–
360; searching for Indians, 2, 321, 329–
331, 338, 339, 7, 136, 137; at headwaters
of Missouri, 7, 139; among Shoshoni, 2,
329–386, 7, 136–142; cache on Lemhi, 2,
375, 376; searching for navigable water,
3, 8–27; lacks provisions, 3, 23, 44; discouraged,
4603, 34, 45, 72; crosses to Bitter
Root valley, 3, 48–53; encounters Flatheads,
3, 52–54; down Bitter Root Valley,
3, 54–59; at Traveller's Rest, 3, 58–61;
Hot Springs, 3, 62–65; across Lolo trail,
3, 65–83, 7, 140–169; hardships in mountains,
3, 68–83; emerge on Weippe Prairie,
3, 83–85; camps on Clearwater, 3, 87, 88;
build canoes, 3, 88–95, 7, 161–168; down
Clearwater, 3, 97–102, 7, 168–170; canoe
splits, 3, 99, 7, 168; at junction of Lewis,
3, 102–106; down Lewis River, 3, 107–118,
7, 170–172; camps at forks of Columbia,
3, 118–128, 7, 173; Columbia to Dalles,
3, 128–146, 7, 174–176; portaging, 3, 145–
150, 7, 178–181; relation with Dalles Indians,
3, 149–156, 162–164, 171; shooting
the Narrows, 3, 151, 154, 156–159; at Rock
Fort camp, 3, 156–166; Dalles to Cascades,
3, 165–174, 7, 177–184; portaging Cascades,
3, 181–185, 188–190; Cascades to ocean, 3,
190–210, 7, 185–190; first sight of ocean,
3, 207, 210; discomfort from wet weather,
3, 204, 205, 210–223, 225, 228, 243, 254, 255,
267; encamped in Gray's Bay, 3, 211–223,
328; in Baker's Bay, 3, 223–249, 328; plans
for wintering, 3, 231, 246–248, 266–270;
cross to south side of Columbia, 3, 249–
252; at Tongue Point, 3, 253–269; Fort
Clatsop built, 1, xxxii, 3, 276–280; celebrate
Christmas, 1, xxxii, 3, 290; sojourn at Fort
Clatsop, 3, 288–363, 4, 3–197; leave salt-camp,
4, 92, 94, 6, 71; give fort to Coboway,
4, 138, 196; leave list of names, 4, 180,
182; return start, 4, 197, 198; among Skillute,
4, 205, 207; up the Columbia, 4,
198–262; among Wahclellah, 4, 258, 261;
portaging the Cascades, 4, 263–275; among
Willacum, 4, 282, 284; at Rock Fort camp
(return), 4, 284–293, 6, 214, 216; purchasing
horses, 4, 286–311; among Pishquow,
4, 321, 323; the Walla Walla, 4, 328–334;
Dalles to Walla Walla, 4, 312–337; overland
on horseback, 4, 337–352, 5, 3–18;
among the Chopunnish, 5, 13–28; at Camp
Chopunnish, 5, 29–120; council with Chopunnish,
5, 78–80, 112, 113; party sent to
Snake River, 5, 68, 71, 99–103; advance
to Weippe Prairie, 5, 120–135; mountain
route essayed, 5, 135–141; retrograde movement,
5, 141–157; fresh start for mountains,
5, 157–163; across the Bitter Root
divide, 5, 163–175; at Traveller's Rest, 5,
173–182; different return routes, 5, 175,
176, 179, 180; party divides, 5, 183, 245;
Lewis explores Maria's River, 5, 183–219
(see also Lewis); hostile encounter with
Indians, 5, 219–226; down the Missouri,
5, 227–244; re-united, 5, 244, 330–335;
Clark explores Yellowstone, 5, 245–322
(see also Clark); down to Mandan, 5, 322–
338; chief to accompany, 5, 338–343; Mandan
to Arikara, 5, 343–350; among the
Arikara, 5, 350–357; in Sioux country, 5,
361–369; the home stretch, 5, 370–394;
first news, 5, 374, 375; visit Floyd's grave,
5, 376; select trading-post site, 5, 385;
reach first settlements, 5, 389, 391; arrive
at St. Louis, 5, 394, 395, 7, 334; men discharged,
7, 338; newspaper notices of, 5,
394; courage and endurance, 2, 176, 182,
209; good judgment, 2, 130–142; Lewis's
tribute, 7, 359; one leader always with, 1,
312, 362; amusements, 1, 112, 210, 211, 214,
215, 228, 240, 243, 244, 277, 279, 338, 2, 137,
139, 187, 188, 211, 4, 288, 289, 317, 319, 323,
325, 332, 334, 5, 117–120, 171, 172, 180, 182,
385, 7, 107, 110, 142, 168; hardships and
annoyances, 1, 51–53, 56, 90, 91, 95, 96, 98,
101, 104, 106–108, 111, 118, 146, 161, 235,
236, 246, 248, 249, 260, 291, 292, 294, 333,
334, 336, 2, 57, 58, 64, 66, 120, 158, 180, 182,
183, 188, 203, 204, 214, 216, 221, 223, 225,
226, 228, 229, 235, 241, 247, 249, 251–254,
256, 257, 259, 261, 266, 275, 348, 349, 3, 68–
83, 204, 205, 210–223, 225, 228, 243, 254,
255, 267, 4, 15–17, 43–45, 57, 84, 85, 95, 102,
103, 105, 107, 123, 125, 127, 130, 135, 136,
141–143, 145, 154–156, 159, 161, 170, 171,
180–183, 192, 193, 195, 211–213, 216, 228,
229, 231, 245–247, 255–258, 260, 262–267,
270, 271, 273, 275, 278, 295, 299–305,
308, 309, 312, 318–322, 344, 346, 348, 352–
358, 361, 364, 366, 5, 12–14, 17, 25, 43, 45,
47, 48, 50–57, 95, 98, 101, 118, 121, 122,
132, 134–142, 144, 175, 181, 183, 347–349,
355, 356, 358, 368, 372, 376, 7, 94, 109, 112–
114, 116, 119, 123, 131, 132, 179; dangers
and accidents, 1, 28, 91, 159, 219, 224, 229,
269, 287, 288, 297, 301, 332, 334, 366, 368,
373, 2, 7, 8, 23, 34–38, 42, 44, 90, 91, 99, 100,
127, 128, 146, 166, 296, 311, 315, 317, 4, 57,
58, 138, 139, 170, 171, 266, 313, 5, 43–45, 86,
88, 94, 95, 97, 135–137, 144–146, 153, 154,
173, 174, 181, 183, 7, 128, 129, 168, 169, 172,
173; illness and remedies, 1, 51, 66, 70,
73, 79, 82, 85, 89, 91, 95, 114, 116, 117, 121,
159, 163, 168, 202, 204, 206, 217, 219, 226,
248, 249, 251, 252, 269, 279, 321, 333, 357,
359, 368, 399, 2, 4, 22, 49, 115, 136, 139–
141, 143, 145, 146, 152, 159, 161–164, 166,
169, 172, 180, 182, 183, 187–190, 192, 204,
214, 215, 222, 224–226, 234, 273–275, 278–
461284, 289, 290, 292–294, 301, 302, 309, 310,
313, 321, 322, 324, 3, 86–93, 276–278, 4,
16, 17, 27, 29, 57–60, 68, 69, 72, 75, 78,
79, 81, 83, 89, 91, 94, 95, 97, 98, 100, 102,
103, 106, 107, 114, 115, 123, 125, 127, 130,
138, 139, 141– 143, 145, 147, 149, 170, 172,
180, 181, 191–196, 198, 199, 218, 219, 256,
266, 304, 309, 5, 38, 40, 41, 43, 47–50, 56–
64, 66–68, 72, 75, 77, 80, 82, 86, 89, 103, 104,
107–109, 117, 118, 127, 131, 155, 156, 165,
167, 180, 243, 246, 275, 361, 362, 365, 373,
375, 377, 380, 384, 388, 389, 7, 16, 108, 141,
164, 341; relations with Indians, 1, 88–90,
93, 96–98, 102, 110–114, 123, 126, 128–133,
162–174, 184–190, 194, 202, 204–207, 210
211, 214, 215, 225, 229–232, 240–243, 245,
249, 251–255, 257, 258, 263, 268, 270, 272,
2, 329–386, 3, 47, 48, 52–54, 100, 129–
132, 144, 146, 149–152, 156, 158, 162–164,
171, 4, 9, 11, 16, 17, 40, 45, 84, 89–91, 103,
117, 119, 138, 139, 147, 149, 154–157, 176,
178, 180, 182, 183, 196, 203–208, 216, 217,
219, 221, 234, 237, 240, 242, 245, 247, 249,
258, 261, 263, 265, 269–271, 273–275, 282,
284, 287, 289–295, 298, 301, 303–314, 317–
323, 326, 329–335, 350, 352, 355, 357–363,
5, 4–11, 13–23, 27–29, 33–36, 38–41, 44, 45,
48–52, 54, 57–59, 63, 66–68, 71, 72, 75, 77–
79, 86, 88, 90, 93, 95, 97, 98, 101, 103, 106–
108, 110–115, 117–121, 125, 144, 145, 153–159,
183, 185, 338–343, 350–357, 365–368, 370,
371, 6, 21, 7, 54, 55, 63–66, 68, 70, 72, 73,
75, 136–142, 144, 150, 151, 303–305 (see also
the several tribes); learn Indian languages,
4, 267, 271, 5, 21; leaders practise medicine,
1, 251, 252, 269, 368, 2, 22, 214, 215,
4, 16–18, 27, 29, 73, 75, 78, 79, 81, 83, 88,
91–95, 97, 127, 141, 142, 147, 149, 298, 332–
334, 339, 340, 357–362, 5, 20, 21, 29, 31, 47–
50, 58–60, 62–64, 72, 75, 77, 82, 86, 88, 103,
104, 107, 109, 246, 273, 275, 278, 336, 338,
361; encounters bears, 2, 4, 24, 25, 28, 29,
33, 34, 37, 109, 121, 156, 157, 171, 172, 186,
191, 203 (see also bears).Journals, 7, 318, 319; bibliography of, 1,
lxi–xciii, 6, 81; counterfeited, 1, xxxvi,
lxii, lxvi-lxx; history of, 1, xxxiii–lviii;
sent to Jefferson, 6, 263; Jefferson desires
publication, 1, xxxiv, 7, 367; describes, 7,
394–396, 400, 401; public ownership in,
7, 396–400; deposited with American Philosophical
Society, 7, 405–407; prospectus
issued, 7, 363–366; publication delayed, 7,
391, 392; Clark to have use of, 7, 407;
Clark-Voorhis collection, 1, 4, 7, 7, 411;
Coues describes, 1, 3, 7, 411–423; number
of words, 1, xliv; books, 1, xxxv; orderly
books, 1, xxxi; journalizing methods,
1, xxxv, xxxvi; emendations, 1, 11; misplaced
paragraphs, 1, 165, 167, 174, 176,
178, 2, 347; first publication of originals,
1, lvi; editorial problems, 1, lvii, lviii;
typographical forms, 1, 11; geography, 6,
3–79; ethnology, 6, 80–120; zoölogy, 6, 127–
136; botany, 6, 137–158; mineralogy, 6,
159–164; meterology, 6, 165–229; astronomy,
6, 230–265; maps, 1, xxxiv, liii, liv,
89, 90, 162, 238, 239, 244–246, 249, 266, 267,
286, 2, 209, 211, 231, 251, 258, 277, 6, 5, 53,
55, 7, 280, 300, 317, 318, 320, 325, 327, 328,
332, 337, 395, 398, 401, 403, 406, 408."Experiment," name of Lewis's leather
boat, 2, 215.Eye-water, ingredients, 4, 340; given to
Indians, 4, 340, 357, 360, 5, 48–50, 58,
59, 98, 101, 388, 389, 6, 143, 144, 154.Fairfong (Faufon),—, Indian interpreter,
relations with expedition, 1, 97, 112, 114.Fall (Alansar, Atsina, Gens de Rapids)
Indians, described, 6, 106; habitat, 2, 88,
6, 106; numbers, 6, 106; enemies, 6,
105; fur-trade, 6, 106.Fallawan,—,fur-trader, 3, 306.
Fallen Timbers, Clark at battle of, 1, xxviii.
False Tillamook Head, Clark sights, 3,
234; Clark ascends, 3, 322–324; view
from, 3, 322, 323, 333; part slipping into
water, 3, 323, 334.Fatsia horrida, described, 6, 210.
Fawn, killed by Drewyer, 3, 11; as food, 5,
4, 9.Feathers, as ornaments, 1, 130, 3, 10, 19, 31,
105, 126; taken from Indians, 5, 335;
painted, in fur-trade, 1, 221.Federal Gazette (Baltimore), 7, 347.
Felix concolor. See Cougar.Felons, expedition suffers from, 1, 79, 2,
146.Femme Osage (Mo.), Boone at, 1, 27.
Fennel, See Dill.
Fergus Historical Series, 2, 244.
Ferns, described, 4, 5–7, 64–67; location, 3,
174, 219, 220, 4, 234, 247; as food, 4, 234;
roots eaten, 3, 333, 362, 363; elks eat, 4,
40, 42; annual, abundant, 4, 219; drawing
of leaf, 4, 65.Fidler, Peter, fur-trader, 1, 238, 2, 132, 7,
258; names river, 4, 363, 365; explores
Rockies, 2, 134, 135; incorrect information
furnished by, 2, 132, 134; map,
6, 53.Fields, Joseph, with expedition, 1, 11–13,
284, 287, 7, 30, 358; in Floyd's mess,
4621, 30; guard duty, 2, 273, 274, 7, 26;
hunter, 1, 85, 95, 118, 134, 237, 247, 360,
2, 186, 188, 191, 256, 259, 273, 296, 298,
312, 314, 328, 348, 349, 3, 176, 180, 189,
190, 215, 216, 234, 237, 263, 264, 330, 331,
4, 26, 28, 109, 112, 117, 119, 143, 145, 147,
149, 155, 156, 162, 165, 167, 169, 181, 183,
192–196, 198, 199, 201, 202, 212, 219, 222,
238, 240, 243–246, 249, 251, 252, 254, 258,
261, 269, 272, 277, 286, 5, 50, 51, 55, 57,
62–64, 66, 67, 75, 77, 86, 89, 91, 93, 98,
101, 103, 104, 144, 146–148, 154, 155, 159,
160, 173, 174, 187, 196, 197, 209, 215, 217,
358–360, 362–365, 367, 370, 378, 385, 7, 45,
47, 51, 59, 127; kills badger, 1, 95, 6, 128,
7, 46; secures magpie eggs, 4, 290; assists
on leather boat, 2, 178, 192, 200, 202;
canoeman, 4, 260, 262; repairs canoes, 3,
100; vote on wintering place, 3, 247; carpenter,
3, 289, 291; salt-maker, 3, 291,
293, 313, 320, 4, 30, 33, 59, 60, 81, 83;
searches for horses, 1, 125, 127, 5, 49, 50,
86, 89, 170–172, 200, 7, 47; finds horse,
4, 348, 350; encounter with bear, 2, 122,
186, 204, 7, 95, 108; dispatched for meat, 5,
36; explorer, 1, 121, 337, 343, 2, 116, 118,
147, 3, 175, 177, 5, 208, 209, 217, 316; messenger,
2, 153, 159, 161, 162, 184, 5, 156–
159, 7, 100, 101; observes rumbling in
Rockies, 2, 176; accompanies Clark, 2,
117, 122, 244, 247, 261, 262, 3, 229–238, 7,
117; Lewis, 2, 140, 142, 181, 3, 221–223, 4,
297, 5, 176, 203, 204, 219, 332, 7, 98; quarrel
with Charbonneau, 3, 105; illness, 1,
368, 369, 2, 4, 3, 277, 5, 38, 40, 47, 48, 7,
78; frost bitten, 1, 260; bitten by snake,
1, 66, 7, 15; adventure with Blackfeet, 5,
219–225, 334, 335; with Minitaree, 5, 223,
224; account with, 7, 4; Lewis praises,
7, 358; land warrant, 7, 343; pay, 7, 360,
361.—,Reuben, with expedition, 1, 11–13, 284,
287, 7, 26, 30, 358; in Floyd's mess, 1,
30; disciplined, 1, 9, 10; on court martial,
1, 19, 20; buys provisions, 1, 27;
dives for gun, 1, 93; sent after deserters,
1, 102, 7, 48; searches for Shannon, 2,
317, 320–322, 7, 130; finds lost horse, 1,
118; hunter, 1, 21, 35, 95, 123, 143, 158,
162, 247, 2, 172, 183, 188, 296, 298, 312,
314, 348, 349, 3, 213, 291, 293, 309, 310, 4,
5, 6, 15, 17, 39, 40, 43–45, 47, 49–51, 53,
59, 60, 80, 109, 112, 114–116, 118, 121, 122,
143, 145, 155, 156, 165, 167–169, 192–196,
198, 201, 202, 238, 242–244, 249, 251, 252,
254, 258, 260–262, 269, 272, 277, 286, 5,
37, 39, 40, 47, 48, 50, 51, 55, 57, 62–64, 66,
67, 74, 77, 86, 89, 91, 93, 98, 101, 107, 109,
133, 135, 136, 144, 146–148, 151, 154, 155,
160, 169, 171, 172, 187, 194, 196, 198, 219,
229, 232, 233, 235, 239, 358–360, 362–364,
367, 378, 385, 6, 63, 7, 14, 60, 61, 127; kills
a panther, 2, 304–306; crow, 3, 83; geese,
3, 188, 190; condor, 3, 231, 232; waterfowl,
3, 211; vulture, 6, 200; deer, 7, 33;
buffalo, 7, 57; in charge of horses, 4, 342,
343, 5, 204, 7, 57, 58; loses horses, 7, 47;
searches for, 4, 316, 318, 5, 37, 49, 50, 67,
68, 71; quarrel with Charbonneau, 3,
105; vote on wintering place, 3, 249;
boatman, 3, 237, 238, 4, 316; seasick, 3,
211; accompanies Clark, 1, 91, 2, 117,
122, 261, 262, 3, 229–238; Lewis, 3, 221–
223, 255–262, 5, 176, 203, 219, 236, 239,
332; messenger, 3, 81–85, 5, 156–159, 7,
161; explores White River, 1, 148, 151,
7, 58; 2,000 Mile Creek, 1, 363, 365;
south fork of Missouri, 2, 116, 118; on
Medicine River, 2, 182–184; reconnoitres
for Indians, 5, 206, 207; searches for
Drouillard, 5, 221; adventure with Blackfeet,
5, 219–225, 334, 335; with Minitaree,
5, 223; has rheumatism, 1, 206; creek
named for, 1, 162, 2, 296, 297; Lewis
praises, 7, 358; land warrant, 7, 343; pay,
7, 360, 361.—, Thomas W., Essay toward an Indian
Bibliography, 1, lxi.Fifer,—, Clark camps at, 1, 17.
Filberts, on Columbia, 3, 148; squirrels
eat, 4, 104, 106; in trade, 3, 169, 4, 280,
282.Fils de Petit Veau, Assiniboin chief, trades
with Mandan, 1, 251.Fincastle (Va.), Clark at, 1, xxxix; Lewis,
7, 337; citizens address, 7, 351–353.Findley, Captain—, at Cincinnati, 7, 213;
Big Bone Lick, 7, 275.Fires, Indian signal, 1, 111, 123, 126, 2,
252–254, 5, 273; Indians killed in prairie,
1, 211.Firs, habitat, 2, 243, 3, 51, 57, 63, 66, 204,
217, 270, 324, 334, 4, 72, 75, 207, 209, 220,
234, 247, 248, 274, 276, 279, 281, 5, 121,
122, 138, 140, 181, 186, 6, 25; size of, 3,
324, 334, 4, 143, 151, 246, 248; Indians
fire, 5, 159, 160; fire injures, 4, 261; in
bloom, 4, 273; seeds eaten, 4, 127, 128;
timber in canoes, 4, 30, 34; drawing of
leaf, 4, 55; cone, 4, 56; Abies grandis:
described, 4, 45–48; location, 3, 69;
Balsam: location, 2, 248, 4, 43–48, 354,
356; Picea sitchensis: described, 4, 41,
46342; Pseudotsuga taxifolia: described, 3,
69, 4, 46, 47, 55, 56; Tsuga mertensiana:
described, 4, 43–45.Fish, different species,1, 110, 111, 2, 187,
4, 160, 161; scarce, 2, 208, 4, 228, 231;
abundant, 4, 63, 66; petrified, 1, 143, 144,
5, 294, 7, 57; pelicans catch, 1, 104; purchased
of Indians, 3, 207, 209, 252, 4, 102,
105, 147, 149; presents of, 3, 120, 185,
206, 208, 4, 203, 204; method of drying,
3, 15, 16, 122, 124, 131, 133, 134, 137, 139,
155, 208, 357, 359; dried, 2, 162, 172, 3,
122, 138–140, 143, 147, 170, 176, 180,
185, 188, 282, 299, 300, 328, 343, 344, 4,
198, 286, 288–290, 304, 305; buried, 3,
113, 153, 179; trade in, 4, 305–307;
pounded, 3, 146, 148, 152, 155, 167, 169,
288, 289; trade in, 4, 289, 303, 305, 307;
method of roasting, 3, 354–356; carried
in bags, 4, 68; diet of Columbia River
Indians, 3, 155, 173, 288, 362, 363; of expedition,
3, 22, 25, 32, 33, 107–109, 141,
143, 144, 149, 214, 215, 220, 221, 231, 234,
249, 250, 254–256, 259, 262–264, 289, 311;
roe eaten, 3, 46; out of season, 3, 122,
123, 128; traps described, 5, 4, 8; weirs,
described, 4, 335, 337, 338; illustrated,
3, 7, 4, 338, 5, 22, 47; nets, 4, 102, 105,
108, 292, 294; seines, 4, 306, 307, 5, 114,
115; hooks: Indians manufacture, 3,
350, 352; fond of, 3, 207, 208, 275, 277;
purchasing medium, 1, 194, 256, 3, 215,
232, 238, 252, 264, 265, 275, 277–279, 286,
288, 299, 300, 307, 308, 320, 359, 361, 4,
117, 219, 221; illustrated, 3, 350, 352, 4,
326, 327. See also the several varieties.Fisher, Dr.—, forwards letter to Clark, 7,
280.—,William, edits journals, 1, 1xi, 1xviii,
lxix.Flags (plant), location, 3, 204, 205; uses,
3, 354, 356, 4, 187, 192; lodges, 3, 112;
robes, 4, 173, 175; cat-tail, 2, 263; common
blue, 5, 192.—,expedition displays United States, 2,
332, 338, 339, 5, 372, 7, 144, 150; hoisted
at Indian councils, 1, 129, 131, 164, 167;
Christmas, 1, 240; on Black Bird's grave,
1, 106; Indians sacrifice to, 1, 167; sign
of peace, 2, 356; Teton demand, 1, 171;
as present, 1, 88, 97, 109, 129, 211–213,
228, 229, 233, 270, 2, 340, 4, 363, 365, 5,
10, 14, 17, 23, 26, 27, 117, 219, 221, 225,
248, 301, 334, 335, 343, 351, 353, 6, 99,
269, 273, 7, 143, 144, 150, 162, 299.Flat-back (fish), habitat, 1, 111.
Flathead (Oatelaschute, Oatlashshoot,
Ootelashshoot, Oothlashshoot, Ootslashshoot,
Testes Plates, Tushapah, Tushepaw,
Tushequaw, Tutseewas) Indians,
origin of name, 4, 184, 189; described, 3,
52–54, 6, 111; habitat, 3, 27, 54, 60, 61,
4, 70, 184, 189, 5, 103, 104, 162, 164, 173,
174, 179, 202, 248, 331, 6, 55, 64, 111, 114,
120; numbers, 3, 54, 6, 114, 120, 7, 181;
language, 3, 53, 54, 78, 7, 150; different
tribes, 3, 78, 5, 103, 104, 6, 114, 119, 267,
7, 341; skin lodges, 7, 149; food, 6, 55,
7, 149; dress, 7, 149; religion, 7, 154;
honest, 7, 150; timid, 7, 153; friendly, 7,
149; bathe in hot springs, 7, 155; wealth
in horses, 3, 54, 60, 7, 149; horses stolen,
3, 60, 61; make fish weirs, 3, 66, 67;
allies, 2, 374, 5, 180, 222; enemies, 5,
158; first see whites, 3, 53, 60; expedition
meets, 3, 49, 52, 53, 6, 120, 7, 146,
149, 341; council, 3, 53, 54, 7, 150; sell
horses, 3, 54; price, 4, 295; act as guides,
3, 61, 62, 5, 110, 112; roads of, 5, 249;
fur-trade desired, 6, 74.Flax, wild (Linum perenne), described, 2,
244, 245; location, 1, 77, 2, 263, 291, 320,
3, 45, 7, 102, 117, 119, 124, 133; seed, 1,
111, 7, 133; cultivated (L. usitatissimum),
2, 244; campanula rotundifolia, 2, 246.Fleas, near Great Falls portage, 3, 149, 150;
numerous around Indian houses, 3, 175,
178, 204, 205, 211, 223, 225, 295–297, 332;
at Fort Clatsop, 3, 307, 308; troublesome,
3, 161, 163, 273, 275, 278, 291, 296, 296, 297,
7, 179.Flies, variety described, 2, 318, 319, 6, 207,
209; on Columbia, 6, 203, 213; ear, 6,
221; annoy expedition, 2, 348.Flint, bluffs on Missouri, 1, 42, 300, 329, 2,
248, 250; on Upper Lewis, 3, 10; uses,
3, 12, 19; quarry, 3, 12; cuts feet, 2, 249,
251, 253.Florida, pelicans in, 6, 126.
Flounder, habitat, 4, 160, 161, 163, 165;
eaten, 4, 163, 165; illustrated, 3, 231;
Clark sees on sea-coast, 3, 230–233; fails
to recognize, 3, 230, 231.Flour, cached at Falls, 2, 140, 143, 189,
190, 193, 194, 7, 99; supply, 5, 376; present,
5, 390.Floyd, Charles, with expedition, 1, 11, 7,
30; detachment commander, 1, 8, 9; appointed
sergeant, 1, 12, 13; in charge of
camp, 1, 14, 15; mess of, 1, 30, 31, 71;
Wiser cook for, 1, 108; accompanies
Clark,1, 43; charges against men, 1, 61;
tomahawk stolen, 5, 98, 101; messenger,
7, 268, 288, 299; illness, 1, 114, 7, 3, 22,
46450; death, 1, 114, 7, 26, 51, 325, 326, 357;
burial, 1, 114, 5, 376, 7, 51; river named
for, 6, 44; successor chosen, 1, 124, 125;
pay, 7, 360, 361; sketch, 1, 1iv, 1v; journal,1,
xxxiv, 29, 42, 72, 92, 5, 376, 7, 3,
7–26, 319.—, Charles, father of sergeant, 1, 1v.
—, John, ancestor of sergeant, 1, 1iv, 1v.
—, John, governor of Virginia, 1, 1v.
—, John, B., secretary of war, 1, 1v.
—, Memorial Association Report, 1, 1iv,
114.Fly catchers, on Columbia, 6, 205–207; reddish
brown, described, 4, 133, 134; yellowish
brown, 4, 133, 134.Fogs, on Missouri, 2, 33, 36, 47–49, 6, 190,
228; on Columbia, 6, 199, 7, 186.Ford, Worthington C. (ed.), Writings of
Jefferson, 1, 1xii, 7, 195, 196, 202, 211, 212,
253, 327, 346, 392, 393.Forster,—,identifies fish, 2, 370.
FORTS—
Abraham Lincoln, Custer's at, 1, 201.
Adams, Stoddard at, 7, 368; Trist, 7,
275.Ashley and Henry, sketch, 5, 322.
Astoria, surrendered to British, 3, 255;
red-haired Indian visits, 3, 301.Bellefontaine, described, 5, 392; 393;
Spanish post, 5, 392; American, 5, 392;
Hunt commands, 5, 393.Benton, location, 2, 152, 5, 227; trading
post, 5, 296; Clark at site, 6, 122.Berthold (N. Dak.), identified, 1, 293;
Indian reservation at, 1, 243; Garreau, 1,
7; burned, 1, 293.Buford, military post, 5, 322.
Calhoun, location, 1, 98; expedition at
site, 1, 94.Canby, Clark at site, 3, 233.
Cass, trading post, 5, 296.
Cedar (aux Cèdres), location, 1, 155.
Chaboillez, road to, 1, 6.
Charles, fur-trade establishment, 1, 109.
Charles the Prince, French build, 5, 392.
Chartres, French post, 1, 65.
Clark, location, 1, 217.
Clatsop, site, 3, 268, 282, 283, 4, 19, 20,
72, 75, 137; in 1854–60, 3, 289; present
appearance, 3, 289; drawing of location,
3, 268, 282, 283; distance from coast, 3,
277, 6, 69; from Missouri, 6, 69; road to
coast, 3, 271–277, 282, 283; waterfowl at,
4, 210, 212; deer, 4, 220; lizards, 4, 155;
jays, 5, 75, 82; firs, 4, 220; plan, 1, xxxiii;
sketch plan, 3, 298; built, 3, 276–280;
timber for, 3, 279; roofing and chinking,
3, 284–287; completed, 3, 297–299; huts
smoke, 3, 291; expedition moves in, 3,
288; closed at sunset, 3, 297, 299, 303;
sentinel awes Indians, 3, 300; regulations,
3, 302–305; Christmas and New
Year Celebrations, 3, 290, 291, 301–305;
meat house, 3, 280, 284, 303; fare, 4, 52,
53; expedition at, 1, xxxii, xxxiii, 8, 4,
3–179, 192, 193, 5, 33, 37, 38, 52, 6, 56,
67, 69, 113, 136, 211, 7, 337, 342, 417, 418;
no soap at, 4, 7, 8; evacuates, 4, 197;
presented to Coboway, 3, 221, 4, 138;
Indian medal found, 1, 129; astronomical
observations taken, 4, 106, 107, 6,
265; botanical specimens collected, 4, 65,
66; Clark's sketch maps, 3, 268, 282, 298.Columbia, location, 3, 227.
Croghan, location, 1, 92.
Defiance, Hunt commands, 5, 393.
Dearborn, named, 2, 244; sketch, 2, 244.
Ellis, road, 5, 261.
Floyd. See Union.
George (Astoria), history, 3, 255.
George (Mo.), location, 1, 162.
Gibson, salines near, 6, 267.
Greenville, Clark at, 1, xxviii.
Hamilton, Connor at, 7, 267.
Hawley, expedition at site, 2, 60.
Hump Mountain, fur-trade post, 6, 268.
Industry, Hunt commands, 5, 393.
Jefferson, William Clark (2) at, 1, xxix.
Keogh, military post, 5, 307.
Lapwai, history and location, 3, 103;
mission near, 3, 103.Leavenworth, location, 1, 50, 64.
Loisel's (Louisells), distance up Missouri,
6, 59; location, 5, 361; described, 5, 361,
7, 61.Mackinac, Hunt commands, 5, 393.
Madison, location, 5, 392.
Mandan, sketch, 5, 346; location, 1, 207;
latitude and longitude, 2, 135, 139, 7, 190;
distance up Missouri, 2, 192, 7, 190, 331;
direction from Rockies, 2, 132; weather, 1,
234–238, 2, 89, 90; game near, 1, 234, 235,
7, 311; fish, 2, 143; minerals, 1, 289, 6,
160–164; Indians, 1, 221, 224, 225, 294;
fur-trade posts, 6, 104, 105; site chosen,
1, 216, 217, 6, 257; area, 1, 217; built, 1,
216–219, 222, 223, 226, 7, 69, 71, 72; timber,
1, 217, 218; puncheons used, 1, 226; clay
daubed, 1, 223; bastions, 1, 233; picketed,
1, 232, 239, 240; described, 1, 216, 217;
strength of, 1, 227; occupied, 1, 224; regulations,
1, 256, 257, 266; expedition, 1,
xxxii, xxxvi, 90, 208–276, 312, 314, 2, 189,
465200, 3, 235, 4, 68, 5, 33, 242, 329, 346, 394,
6, 29, 56, 59, 60, 80, 155, 157, 165, 185, 187,
190, 7, 70, 307, 309, 313, 314, 317, 318, 324,
327, 328, 356, 378, 415, 420; Christmas and
New Year celebrations, 7, 72; Le Page enlists,
1, 12; elk skins dressed, 2, 126;
British traders, 7, 71, 75; hunting parties
sent out, 7, 70, 71, 73–75; evacuated, 1, 283–
287, 7, 331; specimens collected, 7, 327;
astronomical observations taken, 6, 260,
265; map of road to Fort Chaboillez, 1, 6.Massac, location, 5, 392; garrison at, 7,
214, 225, 227, 231, 272; Connor to join at,
7, 267.Missoula, military post, 5, 189.
Montagne à la Bosse, Henney's post, 1,
238.Nez-percé. See Fort Wallawalla.
Orleans, location, 1, 49, 50, 6, 34, distance
up Missouri, 6, 57.Osage, location, 5, 392; distance from La
Charette, 5, 390; fur-trade post, 1, 56.Owen (Mont.), early settlers near, 3, 57.
Peck, expedition at site, 2, 18.
Pelly, fur-trade post, 6, 269.
Pickering, Lewis at, 7, 368.
Pierre, location, 1, 163.
Pitt, Armstrong at, 7, 198.
Point, distance up Missouri, 6, 57.
de Prairie (Queens), names for, 6, 268;
Indians of, 1, 222, 2, 88, 92, 98, 99, 341,
343, 383; Minitaree at, 5, 19, 24, 27, 28, 34,
79, 105, 106, 158, 174–176, 180, 192, 206,
215, 220, 231, 321; fur-trade post, 6, 110,
268, 269.Randall, location, 1, 142.
Recovery, location, 1, 155.
La Reine. See La Prairie.
Rice (N. Dak.), location, 1, 254; expedition
at site, 1, 198.Sarpy, trading post, 5, 302.
Shaw, Military Reservation, 5, 194, 197.
Shelby, Hunt commands, 5, 393.
Steuben, St. Clair at, 7, 200.
Stevenson, expedition at site, 1, 290.
Taylor, site of, 3, 112.
Thompson, location, 1, 157.
Union (Floyd), trading post, 1, 346, 5,
322; sketch, 5, 322.Vancouver, location, 4, 219; Smith, at, 4,
138.Vincennes, location, 5, 392.
Wallawalla (Nez-percé), now Wallula, 4,
335.Washington, Harmar at, 7, 200.
Wayne, Hunt commands, 5, 393; Lewis,
1, xxv.Four le tourtere. See Prairie: Baker's
Oven.Fowl, wild, near Fort Clatsop, 3, 298, 301;
very shy, 3, 301; Indians own, 5, 301.Fox (Ottarcarme, Renard, Tochewahcoo)
Indians, described, 6, 93; habitat, 1, 190,
6, 93, 7, 382; numbers, 6, 93; language,
1, 190; allies, 1, 41, 6, 96, 97; enemies,
6, 32, 86, 97, 108; fur-trade, 6, 93, 7,
374.Foxes, habitat, 2, 121, 123, 7, 111, 145, 336;
wolves resemble, 1, 155; wolverene, 2,
334; trapped, 2, 373; method of hunting,
3, 347, 349; skins : in Indian dress,
3, 5, 6, 168, 171, 242, 4, 284, 285; head
bands, 5, 30, 32; in fur-trade, 1, 306, 310,
3, 328, 345, 6, 89, 90, 92, 93, 97, 100,
104, 105, 108–111; sent to Jefferson, 1,
281, 282; different varieties, 2, 102, 103,
105, 216; black: described, 4, 88; habitat,
4, 73, 75, 88; fisher: described, 4, 88,
93; name inappropriate, 4, 88, 93; habitat,
4, 92–94; kit: habitat, 1, 306, 2, 213,
216, 4, 73, 76, 89, 93, 94; red: habitat, 1,
262, 4, 73, 75, 94, 7, 316; large red: habitat,
4, 73, 75, 89, 93, 94; reddish brown,
5, 219; silver: described, 4, 88, 89, 93;
habitat, 4, 73, 75, 93.Fragaria spp. See Strawberries.
Franchere, Gabriel, Narrative of a Voyage,
4, 90, 5, 371, 373.Franklin, Benjamin, father-in-law of Bache,
7, 293.Franklin(Ill.) Dickson at, 5, 243.
Fraxinus oregona. See Ash.
Frazier (Frasure, Frazure), Robert, with
expedition, 1, 11–14, 284, 287, 7, 30, 358;
in Warvington's mess, 1, 31; Gass's, 1,
184; visits Spirit Mound, 1, 121; horses
stolen, 1, 261, 262; boat maker, 2, 185,
186, 188, 191, 192, 200, 202; messenger,
2, 186, 5, 156–159; with Clark, 2, 261,
262; creek named for, 2, 296; in Shoshoni
Cove, 3, 38; horse falls, 3, 74, 7,
159; purchases provisions, 3, 92–94, 4,
331, 333; with Lewis, 3, 221–223, 5, 176;
vote on wintering place, 3, 249; loses
knife, 3, 335; measures fir tree, 4, 143;
hunter, 2, 152, 4, 81, 83, 155, 156, 162,
165, 251, 5, 363; on Klaskamine River,
4, 77, 78; at Fort Clatsop, 4, 81, 83;
relations with Indians, 4, 288, 5, 51, 52,
110, 113–115, 7, 166; sent with horses,
4, 296; loses horse, 5, 147; illness, 5,
38, 40; fisherman, 5, 99, 102; dresses
elk, 5, 198; awaits Lewis, 5, 203; at
Missouri portage, 5, 332; land warrant,
4667, 343; Pay, 7, 360, 361; journal, 1,
xxxiv, lv, lxxxv.Frederick (Md.), Lewis at, 7, 217.
Fredericksburg (Va.), Big White to visit,
7, 345.Freeport (Wash.), site, 3, 204.
Freestone, on Missouri, 1, 329, 2, 85, 100–
102, 121; on Maria's, 5, 210; Cut Bank
Creek, 5, 212; Yellowstone, 5, 266." Free trader," term defined, 1, 209.
French, language, 5, 19, 21; geographical
names, 1, 103, 125, 5, 189; botanical,
5, 209, 327, 328; zoölogical, 4, 110, 115,
158–160, 5, 80, 81, 83; control Louisiana,
5, 391, 7, 228, 247; cede Louisiana to
Spain, 5, 392; sell to United States, 1,
xxx-xxxii, 37, 6, 52, 53, 7, 228, 229, 253,
258, 263, 267, 278, 279; expedition to
Northwest coast, 3, 226; early settlements,
1, 72, 7, 4, 5, 16, 30, 31; forts, 1,
63–65, 6, 36, 7, 15, 40; traders, 1, 203,
211, 214, 4, 138, 7, 8–10, 33–35; killed, 1,
205; interpreters, 5, 366; engages, 4, 12,
13, 119; among Indians, 1, 198, 5, 334,
349, 356, 365, 7, 23, 48, 67; in La Charette,
5, 389; in Oregon, 5, 350; in St. Louis,
5, 381, 386, 392; protection asked, 7,
253; congratulate expedition, 5, 390.Friendly Village Indians, 3, 167–170, 248;
trade with whites, 3, 169; chief gives harangue,
3, 170.Fringe-tree (Nuttallia cerasiformis), location,
3, 174, 6, 213.Frogs, along Missouri, 1, 312; Columbia,
4, 216, 6, 211; in prairie dog holes, 1,
142; small (Rana pretiosa), 5, 87, 89;
tree (Hyla regilla), 5, 87, 89.Fuci (seaweed), two species described, 4,
175, 177, 183.Fuel, purchased by expedition, 3, 142, 144,
146, 149, 4, 315, 317, 318, 321, 323; price,
4, 310, 312; Yellepit gives, 4, 328, 330;
brought from afar, 3, 144, 147, 159;
scarce, 3, 146, 4, 135, 136, 204, 294, 322,
328; abundant, 4, 341, 343, 345; pines
used, 4, 7, 8, 24, 25.Fulica americanus. See Coot.
Fuligula collaris. See Duck.
Fulmar petrel (Fulmar glacialis glupischa),
habitat, 4, 140.Fur-trade, French interests in, 1, xvii-xx,
xxxii, 63, 65, 198, 6, 30; Spanish, 1, 189,
7, 251, 369–374; British, 1, xviii, 189, 205,
215, 227–229, 231, 234, 237, 238, 267–269,
302, 305–308, 310, 363, 2, 131, 6, 51, 268,
269, 7, 373–381, 398, 399; British companies,
1, xviii, 5, 206, 4, 138; on Kansas
River, 1, 40; Mississippi, 5, 394; Northwest
coast, 1, xxii-xxiv, 4, 178, 181, 182,
193, 268, 272, 7, 228, 251; in East Indies,
4, 74, 77; with Omaha, Pawnee and
Osage,1, 34, 36, 5, 387; Oto and Pawnee,
1, 78; Sioux, 1, 44, 131, 132, 160, 175, 176,
6, 45, 46; Arikara, 1, 184; Mandan, 1,
209, 218; Minitaree, 1, 232; Columbia
River Indians, 4, 169, 178; Jefferson's
plan for, 7, 206–209; U.S. desires, 2, 362,
384, 5, 283, 300, 7, 248, 249; Lewis's observations
on, 7, 369–388; desirable routes
for, 7, 251, 335–339; credit system, 7,
380–382; value, 6, 83–112, 7, 335; pelts,
1, 36, 65, 132, 221, 2, 379, 5, 287, 340, 6,
83–112; cached, 2, 140, 143; supplies for,
1, 221, 226, 231, 5, 23, 24, 79, 222, 6, 45,
270–279; hostility hinders, 5, 282; posts
located, 5, 321, 339, 357, 372, 6, 36, 55,
266, 7, 57; on Missouri, 1, 4–6, 50, 56, 88,
92, 98–100, 109, 155; on Cheyenne, 1,
176; on Yellowstone, 5, 296; on Columbia,
4, 204; sites for, 1, 248, 342, 344–
346, 2, 276, 282, 5, 321, 6, 35, 42, 43, 46,
52, 59, 74, 82, 89, 7, 292, 293, 332, 335, 336.Fur-Traders, 1, 7, 4, 138, 192, 194, 283, 285,
289, 5, 302, 312, 350, 351, 372–374, 386,
7, 329, 330; trappers, 5, 189, 224, 329,
382. See also the several companies and
traders.GALENA, location, 6, 161.
Gallatin, Albert, secretary of treasury, river
named for, 2, 280, 281; to prepare maps,
7, 225.Gallatin City (Mont.), Lewis at, 2, 276;
roads, 2, 260.Gallipolis (O.), Saugrain at, 1, 22.
Game, scarcity of, 4, 94, 5, 42, 43, 54, 58–
60, 124, 149–151, 181, 215, 217, 237, 239,
356, 359, 360, 369, 376, 377; abundance,
4, 345, 367, 369, 5, 196, 238, 363; food, 1,
150; Indians drive away, 1, 204; native
wild, 4, 73, 75, 76. See also the several
animals.Garfield County (Wash.), expedition in, 4,
351.Garlic, wild, on Missouri, 2, 263.
Garnett,—, advises Lewis, 7, 220, 223.
Garreau (Garrous, Garrow, Jearreau),
Pierre, interpreter, 1, 7, 5, 355; expedition
meets, 1, 7; describes Indian bead-making,
1, 272–274.Garter-snakes (Eutænia sirtalis), habitat,
2, 266, 4, 155, 161, 211, 213, 216, 6, 171;
E, vagrans, 2, 266.Gass, Patrick, with expedition, 1, 11, 13,
284, 287, 7, 30, 331; in Floyd's mess,
1, 30; guard duty, 7, 26; chosen sergeant,
1, 12, 117, 7, 357; on court martial,
1, 61, 192; identifies wood rat, 1,
69; Frazier in mess, 1, 184; explores
White River, 1, 148, 151, 7, 58; with
Clark, 2, 117, 122, 225; assists with
leather boat, 2, 178, 191, 192, 200, 202,
204; explorer, 2, 116, 118, 310, 311, 314,
5, 228; selects timber for boats, 2, 181,
185, 186, 188; hunter, 2, 189, 4, 83, 87, 88,
5, 59, 60, 77, 78, 81, 83, 117, 119, 120, 7, 58,
154, 155; visits Great Falls, 2, 209, 7,
109, 110; creek named for, 2, 269; strains
back, 2, 290, 293; with Lewis, 2, 290,
293, 318, 5, 176, 203, 228, 241, 7, 125;
loses Lewis's tomahawk, 2, 299; messenger,
3, 45, 46, 5, 156–159, 7, 144;
saddler, 3, 48, 4, 286, 288; accident to
canoe, 3, 99, 100, 7, 168; vote on wintering
place, 3, 246; salt maker, 3, 309,
310, 320, 335; ordered back to Fort
Clatsop, 3, 334; on River Netul, 4, 30,
33, 43, 44; returns with supplies, 4, 39,
40, 45, 47, 49–51, 53, 84, 85; canoeman,
4, 155, 156, 316, 318; explores Quicksand
River, 4, 243, 244; hunts bear, 4,
243, 244, 246, 247; pursued by bear, 5,
198; trader, 5, 86, 88, 114, 115; in charge
of horses, 5, 198; searches for horses,
5, 200; at Missouri portage, 5, 332; with
Omaha chief, 5, 339; finds petrefaction, 6,
160; repairs sledge, 7, 71; accounts with,
7, 4; land warrant, 7, 343; pay, 7, 360,
361; Life and Times, 1, 117, 124, 125;
Journal, published, 1, xxxiv, xxxvi, xxxvii,
xl, xliv, xlv, lxi, lxii, lxxi-lxxvi; cited, 1,
29, 42, 54, 55, 86, 141, 160, 177, 187, 189,
202, 208, 216, 224, 234, 236, 240, 244, 250,
282, 334, 2, 41, 85, 191, 215, 251, 265, 323,
369, 385, 3, 4, 16, 19, 21, 27, 30, 45, 46,
48, 49, 52, 79, 89, 91, 100, 103, 105, 108,
112, 120, 143, 153, 155, 187, 205, 208, 215,
238, 246, 267, 279, 291, 324, 4, 9, 123, 138,
194, 197, 256, 308, 309, 317, 355, 358, 359,
367, 368, 5, 4, 19, 31, 55, 68, 86, 99, 124,
132, 142, 157, 188, 194, 228, 237, 344, 350.Gate of the Mountains, described, 6, 10;
distance up Missouri, 6, 63; entrance to
Rockies, 2, 248, 251; expedition at, 2,
326, 6, 10, 7, 416.Gaultheria procumbens, 3, 274.
Gaultheria shallon. See Shallun.
Gauntlet, Reed made to run, 1, 112.
Gazette (New York), 7, 349.
Geese, habitat, on Missouri, 1, 45, 66, 85,
95, 99, 186, 219, 278, 279, 291, 292, 294–
296, 302, 305, 308, 312, 314, 316, 319, 324,
325, 327, 346, 348, 349, 356, 362, 365, 370,
2, 64, 82, 152, 155, 162, 255, 260, 263, 266,
268, 301, 302, 304, 306, 309, 321, 332, 344,
5, 210, 211, 233, 257, 260, 376, 377, 6, 125,
169, 173–175, 177, 179, 185, 190, 7, 99,
120, 125, 127, 130, 132, 311; on Columbia,
3, 22, 25, 49, 57, 117, 156, 159, 161, 180,
189–193, 199, 201, 210, 211, 227, 228, 250,
254, 258, 307, 308, 4, 198, 203, 205, 210,
212, 216, 218, 246, 247, 6, 204, 211, 213,
224, 226, 7, 152, 153, 173, 176, 181, 183,
185–187; nests, 1, 302, 308, 311, 343, 345,
364; flocks of young, 1, 17, 5, 205, 235,
258, 266, 279, 7, 15; food, 6, 138, 147;
killed by expedition, 1, 73, 77, 345, 2,
309, 323, 5, 257, 259, 6, 68; different
varieties, 1, 303–305, 370, 2, 82, 83.
Canadian : habitat, 1, 370, 4, 144–146.Large (Bernicla canadensis occidentalis):
described, 4, 145, 147; identified, 4, 144.Small (B. Hutchinsi): described, 4, 145,
147; identified, 4, 144; location, 1, 370, 4,
137, 138.Snow (chen hyperboreus): identified, 4,
144.Genet, Charles, mission to United States,
1, xxii.Gens de Soulier Indians. See Ahnahaway.
Gens des vache Indians. See Arapaho.
Geomys. See Gopher.
Georgia, salamanders in, 1, 289; rats, 4,
114; cane, 5, 107.Gervais, Joseph, fur-trader, on French
Prairie, 4, 138.Gibbon's Pass, over Rockies, 2, 335.
Gibbs, George, describes Indian games, 3,
275; residence in Oregon, 3, 289; on site
of Fort Clatsop, 3, 289; Contributions to
North American Ethnology, 3, 275, 4,
196, 215, 218.Gibson, George, with expedition, 1, 11–13,
284, 287, 7, 30, 358; in Pryor's mess, 1,
30; receives votes for sergeantcy, 1, 117;
explores shore, 2, 147; hunter, 3, 264,
265, 330, 4, 26, 28, 73, 75, 207, 209, 243,
244, 249, 250, 263, 264, 5, 49, 50, 52, 53,
55, 57, 62, 64, 66, 123, 127, 131, 132, 257,
259, 311, 325, 327, 335, 363; wounds bear,
2, 32, 33; shoots elk, 3, 335; accompanies
Lewis, 2, 140, 142, 7, 98; Clark, 4, 278,
5, 259, 319; Pryor, 5, 286; Shannon, 5,
330; repairs canoe, 3, 100; plays violin,
3, 137 : vote on wintering place, 3, 247;
salt maker, 3, 291, 293, 313, 320; dries
meat, 4, 27, 29; canoeman, 3, 218, 219;
468collects rosin, 4, 261, 263, 264; sent for
provisions, 5, 40; messenger to Indians,
7, 47; trader, 5, 68, 71; fisherman, 5,
145–147; searches for horses, 5, 252;
accident, 5, 273, 275, 7, 88; illness, 3,
277, 287, 4, 16, 17, 57–60, 72, 75, 78, 79,
81, 83, 89, 91, 92, 94, 95, 97, 5, 275, 276,
278, 279, 311; hat found, 5, 237; robbed,
5, 340; account with, 7, 4; land warrant,
7, 343; pay, 7, 360, 361.Gigs, used in salmon fishing, 5, 114, 115, 7,
143, 144, 147, 163, 164, 168, 170, 174, 181;
used on setting poles, 2, 263.
Gilbert, William, subscribes for Journals,
7, 363.Gillespy & Strong, druggists, 7, 244, 245.
Ginger, wild (Asarum caudatum, Hook),
as remedy, 5, 165, 167, 275; A. canadense
or reflexum, described, 6, 144; identified,
6, 142, 158; in Lewis herbarium, 6, 154.Glass, Arikara use in bead making, 1, 272;
natural, 3, 12.Glendive (Mont.), location, 5, 309; Clark
at, 5, 314.lepidata. See Licorice.
Gnats, habitat, 6, 185.
Goats, mountain (Haplocerus montanus),
described, 4, 95–97, 7, 59; identified, 1,
140, 141; habitat, 1, 149, 152, 155, 157–
159, 162, 176, 195–198, 201, 362, 367, 370,
2, 12, 258, 294, 295, 299, 300, 3, 171, 256,
4, 95, 97, 326, 5, 192, 206, 318; first seen,
7, 58; different varieties, 1, 155; females,
1, 158; food, 1, 197; swim, 1, 180; Indians
hunt, 1, 196, 217, 373; method of
hunting, 1, 217; expedition hunts, 1,
198, 357, 2, 152, 215, 223, 5, 196, 7, 61;
use of hoofs, 1, 168; hair, 5, 74, 77, 86;
horns preserved, 1, 281, 282; skins:
Indian robes of, 1, 234, 2, 12, 13, 3, 4,
105, 4, 96, 97, 289; as present, 3, 54; in
fur-trade, 6, 86, 87, 90, 97, 100. See also
Antelopes.Goat sucker. See Night-hawk.
Goforth, Dr. William, explorations at Big
Bone Lick, 7, 274–278.Gold, in Montana, 2, 263, 305; abundant,
5, 387.Goldfinches, habitat, 2, 130.
Goodrich (Gutridge, Gutterage), Silas, with
expedition, 1, 11–13, 284, 287, 7, 30, 358;
in Ordway's mess, 1, 30; catches white
cat-fish, 1, 90; fisherman, 2, 142, 145,
150, 160, 180, 181, 3, 29, 7, 95; on court
martial, 1, 192; Sioux steal horses, 1,
261, 262; camp tender, 2, 180, 181; accompanies
Lewis, 2, 140, 142, 147, 7, 98;
vote on wintering place, 3, 247; makes
Christmas present, 3, 290; visits Indian
villages, 5, 53, 54, 56, 63, 64; trades
with Indians, 3, 92–94, 4, 288, 297, 300,
5, 74, 77, 90, 92, 114, 115, 7, 166; at
Missouri falls, 5, 175, 179; portage, 5,
332; illness, 4, 16, 17, 114, 115, 143, 145,
5, 180; pay, 7, 360, 361.Gooseberries (Ribes niveum or cognatum),
location, 1, 79, 80, 323, 338, 2, 114, 117,
152, 169, 170, 179, 187, 236, 239, 251, 258,
303, 4, 201, 203, 274, 342, 343, 5, 121, 122,
199, 6, 173, 188, 210, 213, 220, 277, 7, 94,
100, 101, 107; Sacajawea gathers, 5,
327; black : described, 2, 278; location,
2, 260, 298, 300; red: location, 2, 260,
270, 271; yellow (R. cereum Dougl.):
described, 2, 170, 270.Gophers, pocket (camass-rat), described, 1,
289, 290; habitat, 4, 368, 370, 371.Goshen (Ill.), citizens Watch expedition
start, 7, 30.Grain. See the several kinds.
Grand Detour (de Tourte), distance up
Missouri, 6, 59; Indians at, 6, 97; expedition,
1, 68.Grand Osage Indians. See Osage.
Grange City (Wash.), location, 3, 112.
Granite, on Missouri, 1, 329, 2, 10, 74, 234,
241, 248, 290, 296.Grantsdale (Mont.), expedition near, 3, 56.
Grapes (Vitis riparia), location, 1, 46, 63,
68, 75, 77, 79, 80, 94, 96, 122, 124, 138,
145, 147, 148, 155, 161, 191, 5, 302, 358,
, 363, 372, 384, 6, 37, 140, 141, 7, 56,
57; different varieties described, 1, 101;
purple, 6, 225; Shannon lives on, 2, 316;
seeds preserved, 7, 317.Grasses, location, 4, 74, 76, 5, 119, 120,
122, 372; scarce, 5, 4, 103, 105, 175;
abundant, 5, 136, 137, 139, 148, 167, 245;
height, 5, 78, 197, 259, 363, 379; coarse,
5, 265; fine, 5, 187; as covering, 3, 39,
40, 52, 53; fodder, 4, 40, 5, 4, 25, 33, 35,
70, 73, 142, 144, 158, 159, 162, 163, 189,
202, 206, 216, 273, 280; tents, 5, 63;
ornaments made of, 3, 105; uninjured by
snow, 5, 44, 46; locusts destroy, 5, 276;
different varieties described, 2, 272, 4,
66, 67, 5, 107, 6, 147.Bearded: location, 2, 291, 304, 312, 327,
338.Bear: in Indian manufactures, 4, 304,
305, 307.Blue (Poa sandbergii, Vasey) : described,
5, 107–109.Bunch: as food, 4, 323.
Foxtail: location, 5, 107, 109.
Silk: location, 5, 211, 267; in Indian
manufactures, 4, 304, 305, 307.Tongue : location, 5, 372.
Bromus marginatus: described, 5, 107,
109.Elymus cardensatus: described, 5, 107,
109.Veratrum oiride, Ait: fodder, 5, 168.
Grasshoppers, plentiful on Missouri, 2, 170,
229, 284, 6, 190; Salmon River, 3, 44;
damage done by, 6, 225; pheasants eat,
3, 123.Gratiot, Charles, with Lewis, 1, 23, 7, 294;
offers aid, 7, 295; Lewis borrows from,
7, 299; marriage, 1, 22.Gratiot, Mrs. Charles, gives natural history
specimen, 7, 300.Gravelines, Joseph, Arikara interpreter, 1,
233, 283, 284, 5, 383; expedition meets,
1, 184–186, 196–198, 217, 218, 267, 269;
pilots return detachment, 1, 283; escorts
Arikara to Washington, 5, 383; letter
from Lewis and Clark, 1, 233.Gray, Capt. Robert, explores Northwest
coast, 3, 211; discovers Columbia, 1,
xxi, 3, 211, 7, 349; bay named for, 3,
211; United States claims based on discovery
of, 3, 211; names cape, 3, 224.—herbarium, 6, 152.
Grayling (Mont.), expedition near site, 2,
325; Clark, 2, 360.Greasewood (fleshy-leaved thorn; Scarobatus
vermiculatus), described, 2, 25, 26;
location, 2, 29, 68, 260, 312, 327.Greasy-head, Indian chief, at Fort Mandan,
1, 269.Great, Falls, (Mont.), on Great Northern
Railway, 5, 210.Great Medicine, Indian term for incomprehensible,
1, 209, 211, 241, 2, 177, 363.Great Northern Railway, 5, 210, 214, 218.
Great Shute. See River Columbia: Cascades.
Grebe, described, 4, 142, 143.
Greely, A. W., Explorers and Travellers, 1, lxxxix; Men of Achievement, 1, xcii.
Greenbrier (Smilax rotundifolia), described,
3, 261; location, 3, 204, 205, 6, 140, 141.Greenman,—, identifies botanical specimens,
6, 152.Green Point (Ore.), Grim's Island near, 4,
204; camp on, 7, 40.Gregoire, Charles, Lewis makes draft to, 6,
270.Greinyea (Grienway),—, with expedition,
5, 350.Grey Eyes (Les Yeux Gris), Arikara chief,
5, 351; sketch, 5, 351; refuses to visit
Washington, 5, 355; speech, 5, 352.Griffith,—, mineral specimens of, 6,
160.Grimm, Friedrich Melchior, Baron von, correspondent
of Empress Catherine, 7,
195.Grindelia squarrosa, described, 6, 149;
identified, 6, 142, 158; in Lewis herbarium,
6, 156.Grinder (Grender),—, Lewis dies at
house of, 7, 389.Gros Ventres (Gross vauntares) Indians.
See Minitaree.Ground-hog, badger resembles, 1, 95.
Grouse (prairie-hen), described, 4, 122, 123;
habitat, 1, 90, 145, 159, 183, 300, 312, 3,
61, 161–164, 200, 202, 4, 121, 122, 5, 36,
40, 6, 187, 190, 7, 325; heath-cock, resembles,
2, 335; note of, 1, 312; food, 1,
261, 338; dusky (Dendragapus obscurus
), 2, 256; sharp-tailed: habitat,
6, 121, 127, 196; Franklin's: see
Pheasants.Grus . See Cranes.
Guion, Isaac, Lewis with, 1, xxv.
Gulf of California (Vermillion Sea), affluents,
2, 382, 6, 51, 7, 249.Gulf of Mexico, affluents, 2, 327, 7, 199,
249, 282; color of water, 2, 114; pelicans
on, 6, 126.Gulls, habitat, 1, 174, 179, 181, 290, 3, 138,
140, 190, 193, 214, 215, 218, 250, 258, 4,
137, 138, 6, 225; Clark's sketch of, 4,
140; varieties described, 4, 137– 141;
grey: described, 4, 140, 141; white: see
Terns.Gulo luscus. see Wolverene.
Guns, value, 4, 159, 160, 5, 25; Indians use,
4, 10, 11, 5, 225, 335, 365, 370, 372; in
fur-trade, 1, 223, 231, 5, 334, 356, 6, 45,
89, 103; as equipment, 5, 198, 367; signal,
5, 376, 378, 379; salute, 5, 356, 390,
391, 393, 394; reward, 5, 144, 145, 156,
157, 181; money, 4, 118, 5, 7; captured,
5, 23, 335; exchanged, 5, 177; lost, 1, 93,
197; repaired, 2, 143, 4, 254, 257, 5, 175;
stolen, 5, 223, 224, 334.Guthrie, William, Geography, 6, 121.
Gutierrezia Euthamiœ, identified, 6, 142,
158; in Lewis herbarium, 6, 155, 157.Gutridge (Guthrege). See Goodrich.
cyanocephala. See Crow: blue.
Gypsum, location, 6, 160, 162, 164.
Hackberries (Celtis occidentalis), location,
1, 54, 3, 107, 110, 116, 6, 140; identified,
3, 111.Hackmatack, on lower Columbia, 3, 203.
Hahhartone Indians, Sioux tribe, 6, 99.
Hail storms, on Missouri, 2, 185, 191, 192,
195, 196, 198, 204, 209, 213, 214, 249, 328,
6, 165, 170, 179, 193, 194; on mountains,
6, 216; Columbia, 6, 200–202, 207, 209,
219, 222; size of stones, 2, 191, 198, 204,
213, 214, 6, 193, 194, 7, 108, 109, 111.Hairy Horn, Mandan chief, visits Fort
Mandan, 1, 255.Halberd, British Weapon, 1, 255.
Hale, Horatio, Oregon Trade Language, 3,
245, 276.Hale and Gibbs, identify Skitsuish Indians,
4, 363.Haley (Hayley),—, trader on Northwest
coast, 3, 306, 307, 4, 169, 178; favorite
with Indians, 3, 205, 226, 306, 307; gives
many presents, 3, 306; teaches Indians
English, 3, 205; geographical nomenclature,
1, 195.—,Mrs. Gertrude, story of Whitehouse
journal, 1, lv, lvi.—, John, owns Whitehouse journal, 1,
lv, lvi.Half Man (Aweawechache), Sioux chief,
origin of name, 1, 131; meets expedition,
1, 131.Half Pawnee, Mandan chief, visits Fort
Mandan, 1, 219.Haliætus Cucocephalus. See Eagle.
Hall, Hugh, with expedition, 1, 11–13, 284,
287, 7, 30, 358; in Ordway's mes, 1, 30;
charged with drunkenness, 1, 62; disciplined,
1, 19–21, 61, 62; on court martial,
1, 192; vote on wintering place, 3, 247;
accident, 4, 138, 139; Indians take horse,
4, 324; dispatched for meat, 5, 40, 278;
trader, 5, 48, 49; with Pryor, 5, 290;
Clark, 5, 259, 325; land warrant, 7, 343;
pay, 7, 360, 361.Hamilton, Captain—, Lewis writes to, 7,
213.—, Alexander, subscriber to Michaux expedition,
7, 205; duel with Burr, 5, 375.—, William, cuttings sent to, 7, 295.
Hancock, Forest, hunter, 5, 242; robbed,
5, 243; meets expedition, 5, 242, 243,
335; in Boone's settlement, 5, 344; Colter
joins, 5, 344.—, George, father-in-law of Clark, 1,
xxxix.—, Julia, wife of Clark, 1, li, liv, 2, 92;
river named for, 2, 92.—(N. Dak.), expedition at site, 1, .
Handkerchiefs, as head-dress, 5, 365; given
to Indians, 1, 226, 228, 244, 5, 34, 183,
187, 221, 334; in trade, 2, 363, 367, 368,
4, 201, 202, 305, 307, 5, 99, 101, 287.Haney. See Henney.
Hankee (bread root; prairie potato), described,
5, 328, 329.Hannakallal Indians, habitat, 6, 117; numbers
6, 117.Hap, definition of, 2, 117.
Haplocerus montanus. see Goats.
Haplodon rufus. See Sewellel.
Hardin, John, Indian expedition of, 1,
xxviii.Hardwood, Indians at, 6, 95.
Hardy (Mont.), expedition at, 2, 234.
Hares, described, 6, 129, 130, 7, 296, 297;
habitat, 1, 152, 158, 162, 244, 300, 2, 78,
3, 36, 44, 4, 73, 76, 7, 58, 316; weight,
6, 134, 7, 89; swift, 7, 297; food, 1, 338,
2, 29, 7, 296; skins in fur-trade, 6, 90,
97; large mountain, 5, 250; white, 1,
281, 282, 7, 73.Harmar, Gen. Josiah, Western commander,
1, xxi; letters to, 7, 198, 199, 201; letters
from 7, 200.Harper's Ferry, Lewis at, 7, 214, 217; supplies
secured, 2, 219, 4, 193, 194, 7, 216,
260, 320.Harrison, William H., letter from Clark, 5,
394, 7, 280, 314.Harrodsburg (Ky.), botanical specimens
near, 1, 96.Harvard College Library, owns editions, 1,
lxii.Harvey (Harvie),—, Lewis mentions, 7,
256, 293.Hassler, Ferdinand Rudolph, to correct
astronomical data, 7, 405, 406, 408; prepare
maps, 1, xl; sketch, 7, 405.Hastings (Ill.), location, 6, 30.
Hat, Indian chief, burial place, 7, 48.
Hats, made by Indians, 4, 84, 86, 94–97;
worn by, 4, 24, 25; sold to expedition, 4,
84, 86, 95, 96, 102, 105, 168, 169, 198, 5,
378; as presents, 1, 129, 211; in exchange,
4, 173, 175; illustrated, 3, 294, 296, 4,
23, 24.Hawks, habitat, 1, 153, 303, 305, 3, 74, 75,
257–260, 4, 80, 83, 129, 131, 246, 5, 47, 48,
177, 192, 210, 260, 279, 377, 384, 6, 187,
7, 151; as food, 3, 260; black, 2, 334
large brown, 4, 129, 131; fishing, 2, 7,
325, 4, 137–139, 141, 6, 224; hen 4, 129,
131; sparrow, 4, 129, 131; white-headed,
3, 74, 75.Haws (Cratægus Piperi), identified, 3, 86;
location, 3, 86; crimson, 4, 342, 343, 5,
218, 302; purple, 4, 274, 5, 121, 122; as
food, 3, 26, 32, 33, 79, 86.Hawthorn, location, 3, 86, 6, 216.
Hay, John, fur-trader, in Cahokia, 5, 394;
expedition meets, 1, 4; estimated distances
from Otter Tail Lake to Assiniboin,
1, 4–6; map copied, 1, 6, 7, 280;
Lewis's draft to, 6, 270; sketch, 5, 394.Hay (Pocasse), Arikara chief, expedition
meets, 1, 185; creek named for, 1, 191.Hayden, F. V., Bulletin of U. S. Geological
and Geographical Survey, 1, ixxxviii.Hays, I. Minis, aid acknowledged, 1, lviii,
7, 394, 397, 400, 402, 405, 408.Hazelnuts, location, 1, 46, 80, 96, 3, 167,
6, 140.Hearne, Samuel, fur-trader, explorations, 1,
xviii.Heath-cock (Cock of the Plains;
cus urophasianus), described, 2, 334, 335,
384, 386, 4, 123, 125, 126; habitat, 3, 32,
33, 36, 4, 123, 125, 6, 192; illustrated, 4,
126.Heath hens, habitat, 2, 124, 5, 59, 7, 174,
175.Hébert, Charles, with expedition, 1, 31.
Hedin, Sven, writings of, 1, xli.
Helena (Mont.), location, 2, 251, 252, 5,
194; roads, 2, 260; electric power for, 2,
256.Helianthus tuberosus. See Artichokes.
Helix fidelis. See Snail.
Hemlock, water (poison), resemblance to
kowse, 5, 52.Henderson, G., fur-trader, meets expedition,
1, 232.Hennebury,—, aids expedition, 7, 288.
Henney (Haney, Henny, Henry), Hugh,
fur-trader, with Mandan, 5, 287; Sioux,
6, 97; expedition meets, 1, 238, 5, 285,
287; furnishes sketch of country, 1, 238;
cure for hydrophobia, 1, 238, 6, 157;
snake bite, 1, 266, 267; letters to, 5, 176,
179, 242, 281–286.Henry, Alexander, fur-trader, 1, 206, 5, 337;
Journal, 1, 211, 222, 228, 238, 239, 5, 337,
353; Travels, 1, 228, 238, 6, 276.Heracleum lanatum, described, 4, 349.
Herons (Herodias egretta), white, described,
6, 123, 128; habitat, 1, 107, 4, 137–139,
141.Herrings (Hyodon alosoides), described, 2,
143, 258; habitat, 4, 63, 65, 95, 97.Hesperocichla nævia, Coues. See Oregon
robin.Heterodon, spreading adder belongs to
family, 2, 264.Hickory shad (old wife), Missouri herring
resembles, 2, 143.Hickory trees, location, 1, 95, 5, 380, 6, 140;
axe handles of, 2, 223.Hicoria Pecan. See Pecan.
Hidatsa Indians, tribes of, 1, 130, 208;
Ethnography and Philology, 1, 225. See
also Minitaree.Hihighenimmo Indians, habitat, 6, 119;
numbers, 6, 119.Hilger,—, ranch of, 2, 251, 252.
Hill, Captain—, of "Lydia," 3, 237; has
list of expedition, 4, 180.Hill of Devils, expedition at, 7, 52, 53.
Hills of the Prairie, water courses of, 6, 44.
Himes, George H., owns Lewis's branding
iron, 3, 94.Hitchcock, James Ripley Wellman, edits
journals, 1, lxxxiv; Louisiana Purchase,
1, xcii.Hog, badger resembles, 1, 95; Indians own,
5, 301.Hohâstillpilp, Chopunnish chief, 5, 19, 21,
24, 28; expedition meets, 5, 15–17, 33, 34,
36, 38–42, 66, 67, 92, 111, 113–115, 119,
120; accompanies Drouillard, 5, 95, 97,
98, 101; generosity of, 5, 68, 71; tippet
of scalps, 5, 31, 32.Hohilpos (Hohillpos) Indians, Tushepaw
tribe, habitat, 6, 114, 120; numbers, 6, 120.Hoindeborto (Poles), Sioux tribe, habitat,
1, 133.Holly, mountain, habitat, 3, 204, 4, 63, 274,
6, 213.Holy-grass (Seneca-grass; Hierochloa borealis),
location, 5, 289.Honetaparteen Indians, Sioux tribe, 6, 99.
Honetaparteenwaz Indians, Sioux tribe, 6,
99.Honey locust, location, 6, 122.
Honeysuckles, location, 1, 323, 2, 57, 92,
179, 260, 303, 3, 57, 77, 4, 49, 51, 274, 5,
121, 122, 209, 218, 265, 6, 210, 213; frosted
in May, 1, 367; varieties described, 1, 96;
Actea spicata var. arguta: described, 2,
337; Lonicera ciliosa, 5, 137, 139; L. sullivantii:
described, 6, 147, 148; identified,
6, 142, 158; in Lewis herbarium, 6, 155;
white-berried: identified, 3, 77; location,
4, 342, 343, 5, 181; yellow-vining: location,
5, 108, 109, 6, 219, 224.Hood, Lieut.—, names mountain, 7, 186.
Hooke, Lieut. Moses, enlists recruits, 7,
260; Clark's alternative, 1, xxx, 7, 264,
265; Lewis characterizes, 7, 264.Hornaday, William F., "Extermination of
American Bison," 1, 41.Hornbeam, location, 5, 384, 6, 140.
Horned Weasel (Marparpaparrapasatoo),
Minitaree chief, refuses to see Lewis, 1,
227.Hornest, habitat, 1, 315, 316, 5, 87, 89.
Horse-flies, habitat, 5, 87, 89, 6, 2, 21; annoy
expedition, 7, 129.Horsemint, habitat, 5, 108, 110.
Horse, Valley, expedition at, 3, 57.
Horses, described, 4, 73, 74, 76, 77, 117–120;
habitat, 4, 73, 76, 117, 119; wild, 5, 85,
98, 190, 208, 6, 25; domestic, 4, 73, 75;
fleet, 5, 49, 50; barefoot, 5, 210; endurance,
5, 165, 166, 174, 175; fatigued, 5,
167, 215, 278; hardships, 5, 213, 265; unaccustomed
to guns, 5, 198; buffaloes
alarm, 5, 199, pursue buffaloes, 5, 289;
mosquitoes annoy, 5, 183, 185; fodder,
1, 160, 219, 244, 258, 4, 315, 316, 323, 325,
5, 4, 25, 33, 107–109, 134, 141–143, 145,
146, 149, 152, 158, 159, 162, 163, 175, 189,
216, 245, 273; Indian: described, 5, 29,
31; compared with English and Virginian,
4, 73, 74, 76; among Indians, 3, 5, 9, 54,
60, 132, 137, 148, 4, 74, 77, 280, 282, 295,
317, 318, 5, 15, 99, 184, 225, 301; agile, 3,
16; easily captured, 3, 32; not prized, 4,
280–282; method of training, 5, 290; of
lodging, 5, 358; men care for, 3, 10; equipment
3, 30–32, 5, 55; ill-treated, 4, 342,
344; cheap, 4, 74, 77; ornamented, 3, 6,
31; sacrificed to dead, 1, 324, 3, 140, 4,
369, 371, 5, 99, 101, 102; token of peace,
5, 180; captured in war, 4, 281, 282; used
in war parties, 5, 192; in hunting, 1, 92,
234, 235, 5, 39–41, 43, Shoshoni use, 2,
279, 329–334, 343, 345–347, 362, 363, 6,
107; quality, 2, 347; price, 3, 14, 27, 28,
47; number, 2, 372; characterized, 3, 47,
48; Arikara, 6, 89; Cheyenne, 1, 176;
Crow, 1, 185; Nez Percé, 7, 165; Paducas,
6, 108; Sioux, 1, 205, 206; Teton,
1, 163; Flatheads, 7, 149; in Indian trade,
1, 221, 4, 283–285, 289, 292, 293, 295, 5,
117–119, 123, 128, 284, 287, 356, 6, 45, 90,
95, 100, 101, 103; given to Indians, 5, 144,
145, 223; owned by expedition, 1, 116, 118,
145, 158, 5, 245, 332; apportioned, 5, 179,
255; branded, 3, 94, 4, 74, 166; gelded,
5, 35, 36, 39, 49, 50, 55–58, 60, 100, 103;
hobbled, 5, 35, 134, 253; sick, 5, 55, 57,
100, 103; sore backs, 3, 48; remedies, 5,
55, 57; accidents, 5, 135, 136, 153, 154;
fall, 4, 354, 356; roll down cliff, 3, 67, 68,
74; mountain, 7, 147, 148, 156, 159; swim,
1, 91; purchased, 2, 367, 368, 3, 54, 55, 4,
296, 306, 311, 312, 314, 315, 318–321, 323,
340, 342, 363, 365, 5, 52, 53, 266, 7, 137,
138, 140, 141, 143–145; value, 4, 159, 160;
price, 2, 367, 368, 374, 4, 74, 77, 173, 289,
294–296, 301, 304, 310, 312, 319, 5, 27, 7,
138, 143, 150; found, 1, 51, 65, 74, 94, 7,
152, 156; hired, 1, 216, 4, 319, 321; Indians
steal, 1, 223, 239, 241, 261–263, 280,
3, 29, 4, 289, 290, 304, 309, 358, 5, 224,
242, 251, 252, 279, 300, 325, 326, 332, 340,
343, 351, 354, 355; recovered, 5, 160, 161;
expedition sees stray, 2, 266–268, 3, 32, 55,
57, 65, 74, 75; tracks seen, 2, 269, 271,
273; lost, 4, 301, 308, 312, 316, 318, 319,
327, 328, 5, 44, 45, 49, 120, 122, 144, 145,
147, 162, 164, 170, 172, 200, 203, 280;
stray, 1, 95–97, 124, 125, 4, 313, 315, 335,
337, 348–350, 353, 355, 357, 360, 367, 369,
5, 117, 118, 135, 136, 144, 145, 151, 153,
251, 266, 279, 7, 156–166; collected, 4,
232, 235, 5, 11, 13, 17, 29, 35, 137, 139,
140, 142, 153, 154, 158–161, 163, 166–169,
171, 249, 269; Indians care for, 4, 325,
355, 356; make present, 4, 331, 332, 336,
339, 357, 360, 5, 19–21, 23, 27, 34, 36, 63,
79, 111, 113–115, 119, 120, 157, 176, 180;
difficult to procure, 4, 305–307; pack,
used, 4, 286, 288, 298, 300–302, 5, 198, 335,
388; harness for, 4, 291; as food, 3, 48,
66, 69–71, 74–76, 80, 92, 119, 120, 4, 228,
231, 233, 235, 253, 254, 277, 342, 359, 362–
366, 369, 371, 5, 3, 4, 8, 9, 15–17, 25, 27,
53, 54, 57, 67, 68, 71, 138, 139, 175, 6, 64,
65, 7, 156, 157, 160, 165, 168.Hosmer, James K., edits journals, 1, lxxxiv;
Gass's Journal, 1, lxxvi.Hospitality (Wethea), Missouri chief, expedition
meets, 1, 98.Hot Bluffs. See Bluffs: Burning.
Hough, Walter, "Fire-Making Apparatus,"
3, 21.Howard, Benjamin, Lewis's successor, 1,
liv.—, Gen. O. O., makes military trail, 3,
65; Nez Percé Joseph; 3, 78.—, Thomas Procter, with expedition,
1, 11–13, 284, 287, 7, 30, 358; oarsman,
1, 31; hunter, 1, 134, 4, 243, 244; disciplined,
1, 256, 257; feet frosted, 1, 262;
vote on wintering place, 3, 246; salt-maker,
4, 7, 8, 12, 18, 20; illness, 5, 38,
40; with Clark, 4, 236; accident, 5, 258;
creek named for, 2, 272; bill, 1, 139;
land warrant, 7, 343; pay, 7, 360, 361.Howes, Thomas, United States Consul, 7,
251.Howey, Laura E., aid acknowledged, 1, lix.
Huckleberries (Vaccinium membranaceum),
described, 4, 50, 51; location, 3, 77, 4,
234, 247, 274, 276, 5, 137, 139; animals
eat, 4, 40, 42, 127; V. cæspitosum, 6, 220;
V. parvifolia, 6, 210.Hudson's Bay Company, claims to Northwest,
1, xviii; posts, 6, 269, 7, 316; trade
with Assiniboin, 6, 104, 105; Mandan, 6,
89; Minitaree, 1, 232, 248; arm Indians,
7, 325; rivals, 1, 206; agents, 2, 132, 4,
138; expedition meets, 1, 218, 238, 266;
map dedicated to, 2, 132; sketch, 1, 206;
History, 1, 268, 2, 132. See also the
several traders.Hulluettell (Hullooellell, Hulooettell) Indians,
habitat, 4, 206, 208, 214, 217, 6,
117.Humboldt, Friedrich Heinrich Alexander
von, letter from Jefferson, 1, xlvi, 7, 392.Humming-birds, habitat, 4, 133, 246, 247,
5, 136, 6, 211; size, 6, 205, 206.Hunt, Col. Thomas, at Coldwater Creek,
5, 392; Lewis and Clark visit, 5, 394;
sketch, 5, 393.—, Wilson P., Astorian expedition, 4,
138.Hunter, Dr. George, explorations of, 1,
xxxvi.Hyacinths, described, 4, 291; on Columbia,
6, 214; as food, 4, 291.Hydrastis canadensis. See Yellowroot.
Hyla regilla. See Frogs.
Hyodon alosoides. See Herrings.
Hyssop, location, 1, 307, 311, 323, 338, 2,
25, 29, 68, 5, 254, 7, 81, 89, 152; game
feeds on, 2, 25; seeds eaten, 3, 123. See
also Sage.Iakar Indians, Shoshoni tribe, described,
6, 107.Ibex (argalia), described, 2, 75; habitat, 2,
78, 79, 85, 87, 92, 103, 105, 241, 243, 245,
247, 248, 258, 275, 291, 3, 452, 5, 246,
256, 7, 116, 121, 125, 130, 131, 148; agility,
2, 243; young, 2, 89; killed, 2, 79, 83,
88, 90, 106, 108, 296, 297, 5, 248, 6, 61,
62; horns cached, 2, 140; illustration, 2,
75. See also Bighorns, Goats, and Sheep;
mountain.Ice, in Missouri River, 1, 220–223, 227, 228,
232, 235–242, 250, 251, 253, 261, 278–
280, 336, 6, 167–169, 171, 179, 180, 182–
187, 190, 196, 197; in Columbia, 6, 204,
206, 220, 224; expedition delayed by, 1,
361, 362, 364, 2, 63, 65, 67, 70; on the
mountains, 6, 216.Idaho, honeysuckle in, 4, 49; elders, 4, 50;
Indians, 1, 210, 2, 345; first printing press,
3, 103.Idols, worshipped by Arikara, 1, 191.
Illinois, plants, 6, 148; timber, 5, 384, animals,
4, 121, 122, 5, 373; hunters, 5, 242,
243; trappers, 5, 341; traders, 6, 43, 44;
French inhabitants, 6, 43; forts, 2, 214,
225, 227, 228, 267; American troops, 5,
378; Aird in, 5, 374; Charbonneau, 5,
344; Dickson, 5, 329, 344; Duquette, 5,
392; Hancock, 5, 329; Rivet and Greinyea,
5, 350; expedition, 4, 97, 5, 22,
376, 389; news from, 5, 383.—Indians, clothing of, 1, 320; enemies,
6, 93; campaigns against, 1, xxix; clark's
note on, 6, 112; party sent to, 1, 218.Inca, Missouri name for chief, 1, 93.
Indian agencies, 1, 157, 183.
Indian-hen, habitat, 6, 122.
—mounds, 1, 37, 91, 92, 5, 164, 166,
305, 306.—Post-Offices, on Lolo Trail, 3, 69.
—reservations, 1, 109, 130, 4, 255, 5,
33, 213, 214, 220, 290.Indians—
Physical characteristics—in general, 3,
78, 105, 125, 126, 182, 183, 186, 239–242,
297, 315, 330; color, 4, 183; stature, 3,
209, 239, 241, 315, 330; stoutness, 3, 53
78, 105; bearded, 3, 239; bad teeth, 3,
126, 182, 186; uncleanliness, 3, 183, 186,
4, 187, 191; flattened heads, 3, 164, 165,
183, 187; pierced noses, 3, 183, 186, 187.Mental Characteristics—in general, 3,
315, 7, 75; brave, 3, 29, 30; honest, 4,
367, 370; hospitable, 3, 83, 5, 15–18, 353;
friendly, 7, 67; generous, 3, 127; neat, 3,
274; venerate age, 3, 126, 315, 316, 331;
ingenious, 4, 95, 97; good memories, 3,
330; curious, 4, 243, 244, 5, 19, 22; dexterous,
5, 85, 98; capricious, 3, 43; loquacious,
3, 330; avaricious, 3, 311, 312; timid,
5, 41, 43; treacherous, 4, 89–91; inhospitable,
5, 16, 18; superstitious, 1, 119, 121,
123, 2, 177, 5, 71, 159, 160; unchaste, 3,
239–241, 289, 315, 330; stingy, 3, 106;
sharp in trade, 3, 278, 311, 312; dissatisfied,
3, 229, 230, 297, 299; thievish, 3, 99, 148
195, 197, 207, 210, 221, 222, 224–226, 253,
281, 311, 312, 4, 39, 40, 45, 47, 74, 77, 86,
219, 221, 257, 258, 261, 309, 312–315, 367,
5, 201, 223, 252, 279–281, 300, 325, 332,
340–343, 351, 354, 355, 6, 68, 7, 64.Language, signs, and signals—in general,
3, 103, 4, 99, 101, 127, 178, 181, 183, 185,
190, 196, 210, 212, 222, 284, 5, 256, 7, 181;
474sound, 3, 53, 104, 165, 278; variations,
3, 106, 152; pronunciation, 6, 82; speak
English, 3, 205, 207, 210, 224, 276, 327, 344,
4, 200; difficulty of communicating with,
7, 150; sign language, 2, 346, 347, 3, 11,
12, 60, 61, 81, 85, 130, 134; signal with
fire, 1, 111, 269, 279, 2, 252–254, 269, 271,
3, 17, 38, 49, 6, 10, 191, 7, 121, 127; peace
signals, 2, 253, 254, 263; vocabularies, 3,
163–166, 6, 22, 7, 337, 394, 395, 397, 400,
401, 403, 405, 406, 409.Folk-lore and religion—images not worshipped,
3, 176, 179; sacrifices, 1, 360–362,
365, 7, 76; animal worship, 4, 300, 302, 7,
75; supreme being, 7, 76; belief in future
state, 3, 260, 327; medicine bags, 3, 170,
177; totem posts, 4, 199; secret society, 1,
130; traditions of, 1, 201, 5, 347, 6, 267.Occupations—in general, 4, 96, 98, 7, 64;
hunting, 1, 35, 278, 279, 303, 351, 2, 93, 94,
3, 18, 106, 346, 347, 4, 95, 97, 103, 106, 223,
225, 305, 5, 38–41, 43, 55, 57, 63, 65, 132,
156, 157, 206, 215, 7, 91; with decoys, 4,
371; fishing, 3, 6–9, 81, 106, 146, 242, 4,
95, 97, 102, 105, 135, 137, 154–156, 258, 283,
332, 335, 337, 5, 4, 8, 22, 45–47, 64, 65, 100,
102, 103, 155, 156, 164, 166, 6, 216, 7, 146,
156; drying fish, 3, 122–124, 137, 139, 143–
147, 4, 131, 133; whale-cutting, 3, 324,
325, 333, 4, 160, 161; agriculture, 1, 89, 97,
6, 88, 93; manufacturing: canoes, 4, 30–36,
84; hats, 4, 84, 86, 94, 97; baskets, 3, 19,
4, 84, 94, 186, 190, 191; blankets, 4, 185,
189; pottery, 3, 19; cloth, 3, 12, 4, 96, 97;
dressing skins, 2, 13, 3, 20; fire-making, 3,
21, 124; root-gathering, 3, 41, 315, 4, 217,
218, 368, 370, 5, 63, 65, 100, 103, 324, 6, 71;
root-pounding, 5, 16; carving, 3, 165, 166,
169, 176, 178, 179, 353, 355, 4, 95, 97, 215,
222; bead-making, 1, 272–274; bathing, 3,
101, 103, 4, 220, 5, 171, 172; swimming,
3, 180, 278; navigating canoes, 3, 215–217,
221, 222, 4, 30, 33, 84, 86; caring for
horses, 3, 10, 106; horsemanship, 3, 32.Food and cooking—in general, 1, 73, 2,
234, 238, 249, 383, 4, 123, 286, 306, 342, 6,
209, 210; roots, 3, 11–13, 41, 54, 78–80, 186,
195, 197, 199, 240, 242, 250, 252, 259, 273,
274, 325, 354, 356, 362, 263, 4, 3–7, 10, 121,
208, 247, 290, 291, 5, 11, 12, 124, 127, 128,
131, 255, 328, 329, 6, 138, 139, 142; pine
bark, 5, 4; seeds, 3, 16, 142, 143, 2, 238;
hominy, 1, 210; berries, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15–17,
52, 54, 78, 79, 148, 273, 274, 354–356, 4,
12–15, 50, 60, 61, 207; fish, 3, 103, 199, 240,
242, 250, 252, 273, 274, 276, 295, 354, 356,
362, 363, 4, 102, 163, 165, 290, 291, 5, 8, 9;
salmon, 3, 6, 9, 14, 78, 79, 122, 124, 242
325; whale blubber, 3, 325, 333; train oil,
4, 7, 10; nuts, 3, 143, 148; game, 3, 180,
199, 240, 242, 250, 252, 279, 354, 356; buffalo,
3, 78; dog, 7, 64; food prepared, 3, 79, 5,
34–37, 78, 126, 127, 131, 132; cooking, 3,
124, 125, 166, 180, 353–356, 4, 103, 108, 131–
134; fuel, 4, 303–307; fish preserving, 3,
148; lack of food, 4, 228, 231, 234, 239,
242, 270, 5, 4, 8; of meat, 3, 18, 5, 34.Villages, habitations, and forts—along the
Missouri, 1, 285, 2, 80, 84, 95, 98, 99, 106,
108, 122, 124, 128, 146, 148, 152, 237, 241,
300, 7, 54, 67; curious lodges, 2, 227, 5,
279; made of brush, 2, 352, 3, 6, 9, 42, 86,
5, 193; of grass, 6, 68; of driftwood, 1,
355; of sticks, 3, 98; of bark, 3, 194, 196;
of mats, 3, 123, 124, 126, 127, 136, 5, 11, 13,
16, 6, 65; of leather, 2, 235, 241, 5, 16, 215,
6, 45; of boards, 3, 108, 112, 152–155, 175,
183, 185, 194, 208, 252, 274, 326, 356–359,
4, 19, 222, 323; covered with straw, 3, 98;
sunk in ground, 3, 357–359; roofs, 3, 104;
doors, 3, 154, 183, 185, 208, 274, 326;
smoke holes, 3, 357, 358; carvings, 3, 183,
185; boards for, preserved, 3, 117, 118;
used, 3, 113, 115; fish stored in, 3, 155;
vermin in, 4, 290, 299; number of inhibitants
in, 3, 167, 169, 185, 356, 358; cave-dwellings,
3, 113; council house, 5, 289;
temporary camps, 3, 112, 4, 218, 221, 5,
217, 218; making camp, 3, 13; breaking
camp, 2, 88, 90; deserted camps, 4, 50, 51,
276, 278, 368, 370, 5, 190, 193, 197, 202, 215,
231, 309; forts, 1, 367–369, 5, 33, 269, 270,
272–274, 277, 291, 6, 45, 58, 7, 56.Domestic animals—dogs, 2, 20, 22;
horses, 5, 29, 31, 334; food of, 1, 258, 7,
73; care, 4, 322, 324, 342, 7, 73; halters,
3, 30–32; training, 5, 290; gelding, 5, 35,
36, 58, 100, 103; hard treatment, 1, 258, 4,
342, 344; numbers of, 5, 29, 31, 7, 348;
mules preferred to horses, 4, 74, 77. See
also the different animals.Furniture and utensils—beds, 3, 155,
183, 185, 208, 274, 357, 359; storage beneath,
3, 183, 185, 208, 274; fireplaces, 3, 155,
185, 208, 274, 357, 359; sleeping mats,
3, 273, 274, 357, 359; utensils of flint,
3, 12, 19, 127; of bone, 3, 9, 12, 350–352;
of horn, 1, 169, 2, 73, 76, 3, 9, 10, 19, 20,
124, 274, 359; of grass, 3, 12, 350, 352, 353,
355, 4, 305, 306; of wood, 3, 273, 274, 353–
356, 5, 355; of metal, 3, 19; of buffalo hide
and hair, 3, 30; of stone, 3, 19, 124; procured
from whites, 3, 27, 28; axes and
475knives, 3, 19, 4, 32, 36; wedges, 4, 19–21;
culinary utensils, 3, 19, 353–356; bowls, 3,
165, 167, 178, 274, 353, 355, 5, 355; platters,
3, 125, 273, 274, 354, 356; spoons, 1, 169,
3, 19, 273, 274, 353, 355; for making fire,
3, 21, 124; mats and bags, 3, 12, 240, 273,
274, 286, 288, 299, 300, 332, 335, 356, 359,
4, 66, 68; baskets, 3, 19, 146, 148, 155, 165–
167, 178, 185, 240, 252, 353–356, 4, 84, 94,
186, 190, 191; for hunting, 3, 346–349, 5,
38–40—see also weapons; snares, 3, 159,
346–349; for fishing, 3, 127, 350–352; weirs,
3, 6, 7, 9, 4, 337, 339; seines, 4, 305–307;
gigs, 3, 8, 9, 127, 346–352, 5, 147; hooks,
3, 350, 352, 4, 326, 327; nets, 3, 350–352,
354, 4, 292, 294, 5, 45, 49; halters and saddles,
3, 30–32, 4, 342, 344, 5, 55; bits and
stirrups, 3, 19, 31; boats of skin, 1, 87, 6,
39, 7, 67; canoes described, 4, 19, 21, 30–
36, 236, 237; decorations, 4, 199, 6, 68–
see also canoes; pipes, 1, 199, 4, 159, 160, 5,
342; pipe-tomahawks, 4, 268, 272; material
of, 1, 115, 6, 45; decorations, 6, 187; ceremonial
use of, 5, 24, 28, 113, 355—see
also calumets; snow-shoes, 4, 268; root-digger,
4, 9, 11; dog-poles, 7, 61; sweating-kiln, 4,
14, 15.Dress and ornaments—in general, 3, 4,
54, 105, 125, 137–139, 143, 182, 183, 186, 239,
241, 4, 24, 25, 222, 239, 242, 284, 285, 5,
160, 161; of cloth, 3, 138, 143, 169, 195, 197;
robes of skin, 3, 4, 10, 53, 54, 105, 123, 126,
137, 138, 143, 168–171, 216, 239, 241, 297,
4, 86, 93, 95, 97, 104, 109, 112, 274, 275, 289,
297, 313, 315, 317, 319, 337, 339, 5, 30, 32;
160, 161; shirts, 2, 277, 3, 195, 197, 4, 303,
305, 307, 317, 319, 337, 339, 5, 30, 32,
blankets, 3, 239, 242; sailor's jackets, 3,
138, 143, 166, 169, 195, 197, 209, 215, 217,
240, 242; petticoats of bark, 3, 206, 208,
209, 239–242; girdles, 3, 4, 105; leggings, 3,
4, 105, 4, 303, 305, 307, 317, 319, 337, 339;
collars, 2, 378, 3, 5, 6, 15, 16, 105, 4, 239;
moccasins, 3, 3, 4, 4, 317, 319, 337, 339;
barefoot, 5, 172, 174, 175; women's breastplates,
3, 208; combs, 4, 184, 189; hairdressing,
3, 5, 6, 10, 54, 78, 108, 165, 166,
171, 186, 239, 241, 4, 214, 284–286; hats. 3,
165, 166, 169, 185, 195, 197, 198, 238, 240,
242, 294, 296, 359–361, 4, 23–25, 105, 192,
239; pictured, 3, 294, 296; chief's costume,
3, 158; decoration of robes, 1, 281, 282, 3,
4–6, 10, 15, 16, 19, 54, 78, 105, 126, 143, 144,
183, 187, 240, 242; ornaments, 4, 159, 214,
5, 30, 32, 138, 140; wampum, 4, 187, 5, 30,
32; eagle-feathers, 5, 158, 159; rings, 5,
356; quills, 5, 32; paint, 6, 161; tattooing,
3, 239, 241, 4, 186, 191; bracelets, 4, 187,
191; brooches, 5, 356; ribbon, 5, 113, 180;
Indian costume sent Jefferson, 1, 282.Warfare and weapons—war among, 5,
19, 31, 106, 222, 350; war-parties, 1, 38, 5,
191; peace-making, 3, 29, 30, 5, 222, 340;
war-customs, 3, 29, 170, 177; scalps, 5, 31,
32; weapons in general, 1, 130, 351, 2, 273,
373, 5, 23, 225, 365, 7, 65; bows and arrows,
1, 130, 262, 3, 30, 127, 169, 195, 197, 199,
326, 346–349, 4, 38, 39, 95, 97, 267, 271, 5,
38, 40, 43, 335, 365, 372; bows manufactured,
3, 19, 20, 346, 349; of iron, 3, 205;
arrows described, 1, 44, 211, 234, 235, 3, 12,
19, 89, 346–349, 6, 153; quivers, 3, 21, 347,
349; war-axes. 1, 251, 252, 254, 255, 259,
262, 263, 268, 272, 3, 195, 197; illustrated,
1, 251, 255; war-knives, 4, 23, 24; cimetars,
4, 215, 222; bludgeons, 4, 215, 223; eye-dags,
4, 283, 285; poggamoggon, 2, 373, 3,
20, 21; spears, 1, 262, 3, 12, 19, 346–349;
protective armor, 3, 21; shields, 3, 19, 20;
procured from whites, 3, 165, 166, 169, 175,
194–197, 240, 242; guns,1, 188, 221, 262, 3,
30, 346, 348, 4, 10, 11; sword, illustrated,
3, 326. See also Indian trade.Roads, migrations, and geographical
knowledge—in general, 5, 149–151, 153,
185, 189, 193, 332, 6, 78; along the Missouri,
2, 263, 264, 266, 268, 273, 275, 311, 317, 325,
5, 95, 98, 180, 184, 185, 192, 195, 228, 268,
331, 332; from Salmon River, 3, 22, 25, 27,
37–39, 47; Yellowstone, 5, 262, 263, 320, 6,
78; into Rockies, 2, 235, 245, 247, 249, 250,
252; through Rockies, 2, 334, 335, 337, 353,
360, 5, 260, 264; migrations, 3, 18, 22, 27,
49, 54, 106, 4, 243, 244, 283, 326, 327; geographical
information, 2, 115, 132, 135, 155,
159, 177, 4, 227, 230, 239, 254, 287, 329, 330,
336, 338, 5, 5, 9, 103, 105, 297, 320, 6, 29,
39, 50–52, 55, 60, 78, 7, 320, 321; nomenclature,
5, 256, 275, 305, 307, 310.Government and councils—chieftainship,
3, 30, 360, 361; customary laws, 3,
360, 361; customs at councils, 1, 129, 164,
169, 3, 10; oaths, 5, 367.Social Customs—feasts, 3, 20, 316, 331,
4, 188, 192, 5, 23; music, 1, 168, 7, 55, 64;
games and gambling, 3, 273–275, 4, 37–39,
304, 311; foot races, 5, 117, 118; dances,
1, 168–170, 221, 245–247, 4, 325, 331, 333,
7, 64; smoking, 1, 164, 169, 2, 340–342,
365, 3, 322, 326, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 15–17, 25, 34,
35, 44, 46, 113, 164–166, 187, 220, 222, 338–
342, 345, 351–355, 371; names, 3, 29; adoption,
1, 222; treatment of slaves, 4, 121,
122.Marriage, women, and children—monogamy,
3, 126, 360, 361; polygamy, 3, 360,
361; women sold, 1, 219; influence of, 3,
83; drudgery of, 3, 10, 126, 183, 315, 330,
4, 270, 5, 348, 350, 363, 378; marry white
captives, 4, 215; unchaste, 3, 294, 315, 330;
retreat for, 5, 11, 13, 16; child-birth, 1, 257,
258, 3, 40, 41; children, 3, 10, 41. See also
Indian occupations and dress.Diseases and remedies—diseases in general,
1, 239, 2, 373, 4, 16–18; tumors, 3,
186; venereal, 3, 232, 240, 242; of the eyes,
3, 126, 182, 186, 4, 257, 258, 332, 334, 339,
363, 365, 5, 20–22, 47–50; rheumatism, 4,
332, 5, 20, 22, 47–50; scrofula, 5, 20, 21;
ulcers, 4, 332, 5, 20, 21; small-pox, 4, 241;
fever, 4, 339; paralysis, 5, 20–22, 61, 107,
109; medicines, 4, 16–18, 6, 149, 156; eye-water,
5, 58, 59, 6, 143, 144, 154; hydrophobia
cure, 7, 323; sweating, 1, 365, 3, 62,
63, 103, 106, 108; medicine men, 4, 334.Mortuary customs—burial mounds, 1,
75; burying grounds, 3, 109, 111, 113, 146,
149, 4, 206, 270; sepulchres, 3, 138–140,
175–179, 4, 283, 285; in canoes, 3, 250, 252,
260, 323, 326, 327, 334, 4, 367; scaffolds, 1,
323–325; burial customs, 1, 323–325, 4,
198, 200; bodies wrapped, 3, 175–178, 261,
326; sacrifices to dead, 3, 140, 165, 176,
178, 206, 260, 327, 4, 270, 367; images near,
3, 176, 178, 179; mourning customs, 5,
222.Miscellaneous customs—uses for buffalo,
1, 285; make paint, 2, 260, 265; rock-paintings,
1, 27, 40, 42; sculpture, 4, 95, 97, 198,
199, 5, 293; cartography, 3, 27, 81, 85, 128,
130; measure of journey, 3, 61, 85; scare
away game, 1, 204, 4, 254; distinguish
bears, 5, 90–92; cover baggage, 5, 184;
make caches, 5, 187, 188; unused to liquor,
3, 322, 336; employed as spies, 5, 186, 248;
weeping, 5, 345, 354; cross on ice, 6, 179;
use substitute for tobacco, 6, 155, 157; flee
from enemies, 5, 171; prosperity of, 5,
301; discredit Louisiana purchase, 1, 37;
similarity among various tribes, 4, 183, 188;
perish in fire, 1, 211.Relations with whites—in general, 4, 11,
154–156, 5, 374, 386; with United States,
5, 14, 282, 283, 297, 300, 301, 375, 393;
trade desired, 7, 206–209, 229, 248–250;
to establish posts among, 5, 21, 24, 79,
283, 285, 300, 321; punished for crime,
5, 301; chiefs visit Washington (D. C.),
5, 301; with expedition—instructions concerning,
7, 283–287; orders to men concerning,
3, 303; relations in general, 4, 89–
91, 204, 205, 220, 227, 245, 247, 249, 258,
262, 273–275, 284, 285, 310, 340; traces seen,
2, 304, 306, 7, 85, 88, 90, 91, 115, 119, 121,
126, 134; opinion of leaders, 4, 196; councils
with, 2, 340, 363, 5, 371, 6, 177; speeches
to, 5, 299–301, 7, 303–306; alarmed at, 3,
15, 16, 60, 77, 78, 83, 133–136; friendly with,
3, 52, 53, 118, 120, 144, 167, 169, 273, 274,
311–314; hostile, 3, 149–152; amazed at
air-gun, 7, 55; visit camps, 4, 228, 231, 234,
236, 238, 239, 242–244, 284, 285, 355, 357;
at Fort Clatsop, 4, 3, 4, 9, 11, 12, 151, 153,
173, 175; accompany expedition, 4, 326, 327,
5, 29, 31, 348, 366, 368, 373, 381; act as
guides, 4, 199, 309, 355, 356, 5, 99, 102, 141,
143–145, 154–160, 162, 164–166, 175, 177,
181, 189, 245, 331; payment for, 4, 233, 236,
5, 144, 145; furnish information, 4, 54, 55,
96, 98, 100, 135, 136, 167, 5, 55, 57, 68, 103–
105, 161, 163, 165, 167, 297, 320, 6, 60, 102,
162, 215–219, 7, 325; find horses, 4, 348–
350, 5, 41, 42, 91, 93; return canoe, 4, 264,
266; eye-water for, 5, 23, 25; certificates
for, 1, 113, 129, 131, 169, 211, 286; medals,
1, 129, 164, 169, 210, 211, 213, 270, 277, 286;
presents to, 1, 15, 88, 89, 97, 98, 102, 109,
112, 128, 129, 131, 133, 162, 165, 169, 171,
174, 186, 188, 194, 209–212, 216, 217, 219,
221, 226, 228, 232, 233, 244, 256, 270, 277,
286, 2, 330, 331, 338, 342, 363, 366, 367, 384,
385, 4, 92, 94, 268, 306, 330, 331, 333, 363,
365, 367, 370, 5, 25, 27, 144, 145, 342, 343,
352–354, 371, 7, 138; lists of, 6, 270–279, 7,
129, 234–239, 247; dissatisfaction with, 1,
214; get wet, 2, 315; magnets, 4, 237; sun-glass
as present, 1, 112, 188; alarmed by,
3, 136.Trade—intertribal, 2, 365, 3, 5, 12, 19, 81,
144, 148, 176, 180, 185, 208, 265, 329, 338,
339, 353, 362, 363, 5, 30, 103, 104, 273,
334; with Spaniards, 2, 375, 3, 19, 7, 369–
374; Spanish money among, 5, 99; with
British, 7, 373–381; with Columbian vessels,
3, 81, 148, 166, 169, 182, 185, 205, 215,
217, 328, 340–342, 345; with expedition, 3,
14, 27, 47, 54, 4, 13, 14, 116–119, 173, 175,
181, 206, 207, 209, 219, 222, 263, 265, 292,
293, 296, 297, 300, 301, 306, 314, 315, 318,
319, 5, 65, 86, 88, 6, 48, 82–113, 7, 150,
185; methods, 4, 168, 169, 229, 232, 5, 133,
7, 373–381; high prices, 3, 183, 240–242,
244, 245, 248, 250–253, 278, 286, 299, 300,
352, 354, 4, 201, 202, 273, 275; articles used
in, 1, 221, 256, 269, 270, 360, 364, 365, 2,
363, 368, 3, 27, 28, 54, 92, 95, 182, 185, 186,
288, 294, 299, 300, 312, 352–355, 360–363,
4774, 7, 10, 13, 14, 116, 118, 173, 175, 176, 179,
246, 247, 276, 278, 297, 299, 303, 305–307,
317–319, 5, 25–27, 48, 49, 51–53, 98, 101,
114, 115, 183, 187, 287, 329, 342, 7, 71, 170,
180, 182, 220; substitute for money, 4, 74,
77; market, 4, 289; rendezvous, 5, 117.Statistics, etc.—" Estimate of Eastern Indians,"
6, 80–113; "Estimate of Western
Indians," 5, 133, 298, 6, 113–120; estimated
numbers, 5, 133, 6, 113–120; information
collected concerning, 7, 319. See also the
several tribes.Indigo, wild, location, 5, 267, 6, 224.
Ingels, George, endorsement on supplies,
7, 242, 245.Ingersol, Jared, subscriber to Michaux expedition,
7, 205.Insects, common to United States, 5, 87,
89; on Columbia, 3, 257, 259; seen in
December, 3, 298, 301.Ionia (Nebr.), burning hill at, 1, 119.
Iowa (Aiaway, Aiaouez, Aiauway, Aieway,
Ayauway) Indians, Siouan tribe, habitat,
1, 45, 91–93, 115, 6, 42, 58, 7, 382; numbers,
1, 45; relations with other tribes, 1,
51, 61, 6, 32; have firearms, 1, 61; trade
with, 1, 56, 7, 374.—Academy of Letters and Sciences, 7,
231; Annals, 5, 393.Ipomœa leptophylla. See Potatoes, wild.
Iron, in Missouri bluffs, 1, 83, 84, 2, 187,
7, 19, 42; in water, 2, 163; Indian
weapons of, 1, 211, 255; article of trade,
1, 255, 4, 304, 5, 114, 115; expedition
uses, 1, 241, 243; wire, 3, 107; sulphate
of, 6, 159.—Eyes, Oto chief, meets expedition, 1,
113.Ironwood, identified, 6, 140.
Irving, Washington, Astoria, 1, xlv, 106, 3,
238; Bonneville's Adventures, 1, xlv.Irwine, Gen.—, assists in preparations,
7, 214.Isinglass, in Missouri bluffs, 2, 105; cobalt
resembles, 1, 116.Islands—
Allumette, Indians on, 4, 309.
Arkansas, salines near, 6, 268.
Bachelor's. See Cathlahpohtle.
Bad Humored, origin of name, 1, 165.
Bald (Isle Chance), identified, 1, 81, 83.
Bald Prairie, astronomical observation
at, 6, 246.Bear, expedition on, 7, 110.
Bear Medicine. See Kickapoo.
Beaver, distance from Yellowstone, 6, 77.
Beef, expedition at, 1, 29.
Bluff, camp on, 7, 46.
Boat, identified, 1, 142; astronomical observation
at, 6, 254.Bon Homme (Good Man), distance up
Missouri, 6, 58; expedition on, 1, 134, 135,
5, 372; game, 6, 122.Brant, location, 4, 259; expedition on, 4,
260, 263; Pryor, 4, 263, 264.Broad, expedition on, 2, 264.
Buffalo, location, 1, 29, 30.
Bull, ash on, 6, 141.
Camp, expedition on, 2, 280.
Carp, expedition passes, 1, 195.
Cathlahpohtle (Bachelor's), expedition
on, 4, 216, 218.Caution. See Plum.
Cedar (Ceedar, Seeder), distance up Missouri,
6, 57, 59, 7, 189, 190; latitude, 7,
190; Louiselle's fort on, 5, 361, 6, 97, 7,
61; expedition on, 1, 29, 38, 143, 144, 160,
5, 368; astronomical observation at, 6, 255.Chance. See Bald.
Chauve (Chauvin), expedition passes, 1,
81, 83.Cheyenne (Pania, Pawnee), location, 1,
140; expedition on, 1, 173, 5, 360; hunting,
5, 359.Chicot. See Harrison.
Clearwater, distance up Missouri, 6, 57.
Cow (Isle de Vache), expedition passes,
1, 65.Deer (Elallah), distance down Columbia,
6, 68; deer abundant, 4, 210, 212; expedition
on, 4, 206, 207, 209, 213, 216.Detachment, expedition passes, 1, 103.
Diamond, location, 6, 57, 68; latitude, 7,
90; Indians on, 4, 236, 259, 269, 272; expedition,
1, 63, 3, 193, 194, 196, 4, 224, 6,
116; astronomical observation at, 6, 243.Elk (Dak.), expedition on, 1, 161, 7, 61;
astronomical observation at, 6, 256.Fair Sun, expedition passes, 1, 81.
Fisher's, expedition on, 4, 204.
Fowls, in Columbia, 3, 191.
Frances (Fanny's), origin of name, 4,
204; distance down Columbia, 6, 68; expedition
on, 3, 203, 205, 4, 204, 205.Goat, expedition passes, 1, 160, 161.
Good, distance up Missouri, 6, 57; latitude,
7, 190.Good Hope, expedition passes, 1, 178,
179, 5, 359.Good Humored, expedition passes, 1,
163.Good Man's. See Bon Homme.
Goodrich's, distance up Missouri, 6, 61;
location, 5, 230.Government. See Diamond.
Green, camp on, 7, 39.
Greenbriar, on Lower Columbia, 3, 199,
201.Grim's, location, 4, 204.
Grouse, size, 1, 183; expedition passes,
1, 182, 183; hunting, 5, 356.Harrison (Chicot, Shecco), identified, 1,
142; expedition on, 1, 45.Hawaiian, trading vessels at, 3, 327, 345.
Ibex, distance up Missouri, 6, 61.
Image-Canoe. See Sauvie.
Jins, Clark's party on, 5, 330.
Kickapoo (Bear Medicine, Warconda,
Waucarba), location, 1, 64; distance up
Missouri, 6, 57.Lahoocatts, distance up Missouri, 6, 59;
Indians on, 5, 360; expedition, 5, 359.Little Osage, expedition on, 5, 386.
L'Outre (Luter, Otter), in Missouri, 1,
29.Lower Buffalo, location, 1, 127.
Mandan, plums on, 6, 141.
Maple, location, 1, 3.
Marshey, 6, 117; location, 4, 248; Indians,
4, 45; canvasback duck, 4, 148, 150.Memaloose. See Sepulchre.
Mills, camp on, 1, 43, 44; cache on, 1,
43.Mock, expedition on, 1, 158, 159.
Mud, expedition on, 1, 144, 5, 368.
Nadawa (Nadowa, Nodaway), location,
6, 37; size, 1, 70; expedition on, 1, 70, 71,
5, 382; astronomical observation at, 6, 243.New, expedition on, 1, 76.
New Found, astronomical observation at,
6, 243.New Mandan, Clark at, 1, 259.
No Preserves, expedition passes, 1, 140,
5, 369.Okobojou, location, 1, 172.
Onion, named, 2, 259; expedition on, 6,
11, 7, 119.Oven, expedition on, 1, 83, 84.
Panther (Painter), in Missouri, 1, 52, 7,
37.Parques (Field), expedition on, 1, 63, 7,
15.Pawnee. See Cheyenne.
Pelican, birds on, 7, 48; expedition on,
5, 378.Pine, expedition on, 2, 238, 240, 242, 6,
28.Plum (Caution), expedition on, 1, 177,
5, 359, 7, 145.Ponca, expedition on, 5, 370.
Puget (Sturgeon), location, 3, 206, 217;
origin of name, 3, 206; Indians on, 6, 117;
expedition on, 4, 200–202.Riffle, expedition on, 7, 36.
Round, hunting on, 5, 363, 364.
St. Charles, expedition near, 1, 26.
St. Joseph's, expedition passes, 1, 77.
Salamin. See Solomon's.
Sand, distance up Missouri, 6, 58; expedition
on, 1, 78; astronomical observation
at, 6, 249.Sauvie (Image-Canoe, Wappato), location,
4, 226; Indians on, 4, 213, 217, 218,
220, 221, 234, 238, 6, 116, 117; Clark on,
4, 237, 239; expedition on, 3, 195–198, 201,
4, 219, 221, 233, 236; portages, 3, 225; distance
down Columbia, 6, 68, 72; Missouri,
6, 68, 71; described, 4, 218, 221.Sea Otter, distance down Columbia, 6, 68.
Seal, distance down Columbia, 6, 69; Indians
on, 6, 117; burial scaffolds, 4, 198;
expedition among, 3, 252, 4, 199, 200.Seeder. See Cedar.
Sepulchre (Memaloose), Indian burial
place, 3, 138–140, 168, 170, 4, 283; Trevitt's
grave upon, 3, 170.Small Willow, expedition passes, 1, 68,
69.Snag, expedition passes, 1, 51.
Solitary, expedition passes, 1, 158.
Solomons (de Salamin), expedition on, 1,
73.Strawberry, near Cascades of Columbia,
3, 176–180, 188–190; formed by brook, 3,
176, 180; expedition on, 4, 262.Strong Water, expedition on, 7, 37.
Sturgeon. See Puget.
Sunday, expedition on, 1, 309, 311.
Tea, expedition passes, 2, 74, 77.
Teapot, expedition passes, 2, 63, 65.
Tenasillihee, expedition passes, 3, 207,
209.Three Point, expedition at, 7, 35.
Three Mills, camp at, 7, 37.
Tiger, distance up Missouri, 6, 57.
Three Sisters, 7, 61; Indian camp on, 7,
61; expedition on, 1, 160; astronomical
observation at, 6, 256.Three Thousand Mile, expedition at, 2,
332, 333, 5, 257, 7, 132; no longer exists, 2,
332.Vache. See Cow.
Wappato. See Sauvie.
Warconda (Waucarba). See Kickapoo.
White Bear, location, 5, 331; distance
from Great Falls, 2, 184; up Missouri, 6,
63; bears on, 2, 205, 206; rats, 4, 113, 114;
479mosquitoes, 5, 211; expedition camps on,
2, 180, 189, 201, 203, 221, 226, 228, 236, 6,
8, 28, 232, 242, 7, 417; Lewis, 5, 198, 199,
201, 204, 332; cache, 6, 8; portage, 2, 173,
174.White Brant, distance down Columbia,
6, 68; expedition on, 4, 224, 226.White Goose, distance down Columbia,
6, 68.Willow, expedition passes, 1, 34, 42, 43,
47, 50, 74, 80, 81, 84–86, 88, 105, 115, 116,
118, 120, 127, 140, 142, 146, 159, 161, 165,
166, 177, 180–184, 195, 196, 202, 2, 30, 31,
49, 50, 236.Windy, expedition on, 2, 57, 59.
Yorks, distance up Missouri, 6, 63.
Jackson,—, trader on Northwest coast, 3,
306, 307, 4, 178.—County (Mo.), 1, 57, 7, 13.
Jack-rabbit. See Hare.
Jacob, J. G., Life and Times of Gass, 1,
lxxvi, 117.James, Edwin, Long's Expedition, 1, 239,
264.Jays, blue-crested (Canada or "whiskey
Jack"; Cyanocitta stelleri), described, 6,
134, 135; habitat, 4, 132, 134; white
breasted (Perisoreus obscurus), habitat,
4, 132, 134; small corvus (P. canadensis
capitalis), habitat, 5, 75; Cassin's (or
Maximilian's)—see Crow: blue.Jearreau. See Garreau.
Jefferson, Thomas, appoints Louisiana land
commissioner, 5, 391; desires Western
exploration, 1, xx–xxiv: suggests it to
G. R. Clark, 7, 193, 194; instructions
to Michaux, 7, 202–205; subscriber to
Michaux expedition, 7, 205; relation to
Lewis and Clark expedition, 1, xxiv-xxvi,
3, 248, 5, 383; appoints Lewis
leader, 1, xxv, xxvi; letter of instructions,
7, 247–252; of credit, 1, xxxii,
xxxiii, 7, 254, 255; hears of return, 7,
334; Lewis's death, 7, 389; interest in
journals, 1, xxxiv, xxxv, xxxvii, xxxviii,
3, 7, 367, 391, 392, 404–408; description
of, 7, 394–396, 400, 401; deposits with
American Philosophical Society, 1, xlvi,
xlviii, 7, 397, 398, 400, 402–410; maps
sent to, 1, 90, 244; specimens, 1, 280–
282, 7, 300; river named for, 2, 280, 281;
likeness on medal, 2, 363, 5, 15, 19;
presents Statistical View to Congress, 6,
81; Indian vocabulary blank, 7, 409;
letters by, 1, xxx, 7, 213–216, 221, 222,
224, 225, 295, 313, 318, 334, 397; letters
to, 1, xxv, xxvi, xxxi, xlvi, 7, 193, 194,
202–205, 211, 212, 217–219, 223, 253, 257,
258, 291, 292, 327, 345, 367, 392–394, 400,
422; "Memoir" of Lewis, 1, xxvi, xlii;
Messages, 1, xxxvi, 133, 7, 206–209, 328,
346; bibliography of, 1, lxii-lxv; Papers,
7, 210, 213, 217, 218, 221, 223, 224, 247,
254, 256–258, 260, 264, 269, 271, 274, 281,
291, 292, 295, 300, 318, 334, 345, 367;
Writings, 1, lxii, 195, 196, 202, 211, 212,
253, 327, 346, 392, 393.Jefferson Barracks, Hunt in, 5, 393.
—City (Mo.), parroquets near, 6, 122.
Jerk, derivation of word, 1, 40; prepared
by expedition, 1, 52, 123, 124, 134, 140,
142, 153, 155, 3, 226, 4, 27, 29, 55, 57, 58,
63, 66, 120, 122, 238, 242, 245, 247, 249–
251, 254, 256, 257, 326–329, 352, 353, 5,
202, 238, 278, 319, 322, 323, 328, 329; by
Indians, 5, 186, 187; wolves steal, 5, 280.Jessaume ( Jesseaune, Jussome ), René, Mandan
interpreter, 1, 209, 277, 5, 287, 338,
343, 345, 348, 363; bad disposition, 1,
233; visits Ahnahaway, 1, 265; relations
with expedition, 1, 216, 218, 225, 226, 238,
239; quarrel with Charbonneau, 1, 251;
assists at birth of Sacajawea's son, 1,
257, 258; squaw, 1, 250, 252; illness, 1,
251, 252; accompanies Big White, 5,
343; characterized, 1, 228.Jesuit Relations, 1, lix, 239, 267, 320, 2, 197,
341, 3, 21, 319.Jewitt, John R., Journal at Nootka Sound,
3, 328; Adventures and Sufferings, cited,
3, 328.Johnson & Warner, publishers, 1, xli.
Jolliet, Louis, explorations, 1, xix; recommends
buffalo hair for cloth, 1, 320.Jones,—, Harrison copies map of, 7, 280.
—, Paul, Jefferson alludes to, 7, 196.
Jonkta Indians. See Yankton.
Jordan, David Starr, note by, 4, 109.
Joseph (servant), packs Lewis's things, 7,
257.—, Nez Percé chief, 5, 251; War of, 3,
78; Nez Percé Joseph, 3, 78.Juniper (Juniperus communis), identified, 6,
158; location, 1, 307, 322, 2, 296, 7, 125;
in Lewis herbarium, 6, 156.Juniperus occidentalis; J. sabina procumbens.
See Cedar.kagarnomoghge (The Raven), Arikara
chief, speech of, 1, 212, 7, 305.Kagohhami (Kagohanis, Little Raven),
Mandan chief, expedition meets, 1, 212,
216, 217, 5, 341.Kahkah Weto (Raven brave), Arikara chief,
visits expedition, 1, 286.Kahunkle Indians, habitat, 6, 117; numbers,
6, 117.Kail. See Brassica sinafistrum.
Kakawissassa. See Lighting Crow.
Kalapuya (Calapooya, Callahpoewah) Indians,
habitat, 4, 241, 242, 255, 6, 118;
numbers, 4, 241, 6, 118; houses, 4, 255;
food, 4, 255.Kamas. See Quamash.
Kameahwah. See Cameâhwait.
Kamiah (Idaho), expedition at, 5, 33.
Kamschatka, Ledyard at, 7, 195–197.
Kaninaviesch Indians. See Arapaho.
Kansa (Cancez, Kah, Kances, Kansas,
Kanzas, Kanzes, Karsea) Indians, characterized,
6, 85; habitat, 1, 50, 60, 64, 65,
67, 68, 5, 384, 6, 4, 36, 37, 57, 84, 141, 7,
15, 16, 40, 189, 190; numbers, 1, 61, 67,
68, 6, 84; language, 1, 132, 6, 84; warlike,
1, 61; highway robbers, 5, 384;
hunting grounds, 1, 40; buffalo hunts, 1,
61; prize eagle feathers, 4, 159; allies,
6, 84, 85; enemies, 6, 86, 87, 112; French
posts among, 1, 64–68; trade with, 1, 56,
6, 84, 7, 380; unfriendly to United States,
5, 385, 7, 336; expedition among, 6, 243.Kaolinite. See Argile.
Karkapaha. See Crows Head.
Kaskaskia Indians, destroyed by Sauk, 6,
93.—(111.), garrison at, 7, 214, 225, 227, 272;
traders, 7, 251; G. R. Clark, 1, xxvii;
William Clark (2), 1, xxix; Clark, 7,
263; Lewis, 7, 281, 282, 291; Robideaux,
5, 386; Connor to join at, 7, 267.Katydid (Chittediddle, sawyer), habitat, 6,
127.Kearny, Gen. Philip, expedition to California,
5, 386.Keel-boats, described, 1, 16; on Missouri,
5, 390.Keenkesah Indians, Sioux tribe, 6, 99.
Keith, James, on Columbia River, 4, 268.
Kellogg, Louise Phelps, aid acknowledged,
1, 1x.Kennewick (Wash.), Clark visits site of, 3,
124.Kenton, Simon, Pierre Drouillard rescues,
1, 222.Kentucky, plants in, 6, 143; rats, 4, 113,
114; partridges, 4, 250; Boone, 6, 30;
Christy, 5, 394; Clark, 5, 392; recruits
from, 7, 299; Gazette, 7, 324.Kettles, found among Indians, 3, 19;
brass prized, 3, 165, 166; salt boiled in,
4, 39, 40, 81, 83; in Indian trade, 1, 128,
133, 221, 3, 185, 4, 300, 302, 306, 309,
312, 6, 45, 89, 90, 95, 103, 7, 162.Kickapoo Indians, Algonquian tribe, habitat,
1, 26, 6, 84; food, 6, 137, 139; hunting,
5, 391; fur-trade, 6, 30; Clark meets,
1, 4, 19; Lauremus, 1, 21; Lewis, 7,
294; Clark's note on, 6, 112.Kilâmox (Killamuck, Killamouck) Indians,
habitat, 4, 49, 6, 71, 117; different bands,
4, 12; numbers, 6, 117; language, 4, 12,
181, 183, 6, 117; physical characteristics,
4, 183–185, 188, 189; food, 4, 8, 9; dress,
4, 185, 189, 190; ornaments, 4, 187, 191;
tattooed, 4, 186, 191; occupations, 4,
187, 188, 191, 192; canoes described, 4,
32, 36; enslave captives, 4, 120, 122;
relations with expedition, 4, 51, 195, 196.Kilharhurst, Kilamox chief, town of, 6, 71.
Kilharnar, Kilamox chief, town of, 6, 71.
Killawat Indians, habitat, 6, 117; numbers,
6, 117.Killaxthokle Indians, habitat, 6, 118;
numbers, 6, 118.Killdee, habitat, 4, 320, 6, 187.
Kimooenem Indians, tribe of Chopunnish,
habitat, 6, 115; numbers, 6, 115.King, Franklin H., aid acknowledged, 1,
lix, 5, 380.—, Nicholas, drafts map, 1, 244.
—birds (bee martin; Tyrannus caroliniensis),
habitat, 2, 141, 5, 177, 192, 201,
6, 190.Kingfishers, habitat, 2, 225, 284, 6, 190;
blue crested, 2, 7, 4, 137–139, 141, 216,
6, 210, 214.Kingsley, Charles S. (ed.), Riverside Natural
History, 4, 88.—, Nellie F., Story of Captain Meriwether
Lewis and William Clark, 1, xc; Four
American Explorers, 1, xcl.Kinnikinnic (Bois roulé), Indian tobacco,
1, 166; ingredients, 1, 266, 299.Kiowa (Cayauwa, Kiawah, Kiawas, Kiewah,
Tideing, Wetapahtoo) Indians, described,
6, 100, 101; habitat, 1, 90, 190,
6, 100, 101, 108, 7, 305; numbers, 6, 100;
language, 1, 190; secret society among,
1, 130; allies, 6, 102; fur-trade, 6, 90, 100.Kite Indians. See Crow.
Klickitat County (Wash.), streams of, 3,
170.Klikitat Indians, Shahaptian tribe, language,
4, 283; identified with Wahhowpum,
4, 305, 317.Knappa (Ore.), Indian village on site of, 3,
252.Knapp's Landing (Wash.), expedition
camps near, 3, 198.Knight, Maj. John T., transmits copies of
documents, 7, 231, 245.Knistenaux Indians. See Cree.
Knives, in Indian trade, 1, 174, 221, 269, 2,
357, 363, 367, 382, 4, 264, 266, 289, 305,
309, 5, 133, 287, 6, 45, 7, 162, 216, 304,
305; lost, 5, 384; stolen, 1, 262, 4, 304,
5, 340, 341; purchasing medium, 3, 359,
361, 4, 263, 265.Knox, Gen. Henry, orders Western exploration,
1, xxi; letter to, 7, 200; letter
from, 7, 198.Knox County (Nebr.), expedition in, 1, 127.
Koch, Peter, note by, 5, 261; aid acknowledged,
1, lix.Konapee, Spanish captive, 4, 215.
Kouse (Cows, Kowse; Umbelliferœ Peucedanum),
described, 5, 78; location, 5,
78, 389; resembles water-hemlock, 5, 52;
preferred to quamash, 5, 110, 112; Nez
Percé gather, 4, 354, 356; preparation
of, 5, 12; pounded, 5, 18, 201; soup, 5,
79; mush, 5, 161, 215, 216; as remedy,
5, 155, 156; food, 4, 355, 357, 359, 361,
5, 12, 15, 17, 23, 41, 78, 99, 102, 246; in
trade, 5, 49, 50, 62, 66, 67, 75.Kremers, Edward, aid acknowledged, 4,
340.Kuhnistera candida; K. purpurea, identified,
6, 142.Kunnawarwish (Kunnanarwesh) Indians.
See Arapaho.Kuskalaw (Kuskelar). See Cuskalah.
Labaum,—, Lewis meets, 6, 270.
Labbadie (Laberdee), Sylvester, marries
Pelagie Chouteau, 1, 22.Labiche (Labieche, Labuche, Labuish),
Francis or William, interpreter, with expedition,
1, 12, 30, 2, 362, 4, 81, 83, 7, 3,
30; hunter, 3, 117, 174, 189, 190, 192, 213,
230–232, 237, 238, 291, 293, 359, 4, 3–6, 15,
17, 39, 40, 43, 44, 52, 53, 77, 78, 87, 88,
102, 103, 140, 142, 143, 145, 169, 171, 287,
345, 346, 5, 34, 36, 37, 40, 42, 43, 51, 52,
58, 59, 63, 64, 68, 72, 107, 109, 123, 127,
133, 147, 148, 151, 246, 266, 281, 306, 318,
324, 330, 363, 364, 372, 6, 225, 7, 173;
captures vulture, 4, 79–81; detail duty,
1, 34; finds lost robe, 4, 313; searches
for horses, 5, 252, 280, 281; sent for
meat, 5, 247, 278; after deserters, 1, 102,
7, 48; returns, 1, 111, 7, 50; with Lewis,
3, 255–262; Clark, 3, 230–238, 4, 301,
302, 5, 259, 296, 319; assists Charbonneau,
4, 316, 318; vote on wintering place,
3, 247; river named for, 3, 171; services
to expedition, 7, 358; land warrant, 7,
343; pay, 7, 360, 361.Labonte, Louis, with Hunt's expedition, 4,
138; sketch, 4, 138.Lacépède, Bernard Germain Etienne de
Laville, Comte de, furnishes information,
7, 258.La Charette (Mo.), expedition at, 5, 389,
390, 6, 30, 142; distance up Missouri, 6,
56; sketch, 5, 390.Lacomb,—, fur-trader, 5, 390.
La Croix, Joseph, British fur-trader, 5, 381,
384, 7, 379.Lady's slipper (Cypripedium montanum),
location, 5, 173; described, 5, 182.Lafass, Alexander, meets expedition, 5,
381.Lafitau, Joseph François, Mœurs des sauvages,
1, 239.Lafrance, Baptiste, fur-trader, expedition
meets, 1, 227; Charbonneau's quarrel
with, 1, 239.Lagree,—, visits Fort Mandan, 1, 221.
Lahanna Indians, habitat, 6, 119; numbers,
6, 119.Lahoocatt, Arikara village, 1, 179.
La Harpe, Benard, French explorer, 1, xix.
La Jeunesse (Laguness), Baptiste, with expedition,
1, 31, 218, 7, 3.Lakes—
Badger (Ia.), location, 1, 107.Cœur d'Alêne (Waytom), 5, 94; Indians
on 4, 363, 5, 94, 6, 119; described, 5, 94.Du Bois (Dubois). See Lake of the
Woods.Despice, 7, 314.
D'esprit (Dispree). See Spirit.
Goose Egg, distance up Missouri, 6, 61;
described, 1, 302, 304.Gosling, origin of name, 1, 66.
Great, as a boundary, 4, 88; brant on, 4,
145, 147.Hall's Strand, distance up Missouri, 6, 61.
Leach, Indians at, 6, 93, 94, 108, 109;
wild rice on, 6, 108, 109.Manitoba, Indians on, 6, 110.
Manitou, fur-trade post on, 6, 268.
Michigan, Indians on, 6, 92.
Ottertail, 1, 5.
Pelican, source of River Des Moines,
7, 315.Pend d'Oreille, 5, 94.
Quinipigou (Osnepegui). See Winnipeg.
Rainy, Indians on, 6, 110, 111; traders
on, 1, 306.Red, Indians on, 6, 108, 109; British, 6,
51.Sand, Indians on, 6, 110; site for post,
6, 46.Spirit (d'Esprit, Dispree), described, 1,
103, 6, 43, 44.Stinking, Indian name for ocean, 2, 381.
Superior, Indians on, 1, 222, 6, 108, 109.
Vancouver, expedition on, 4, 219.
Waytom. See Cœur d'Alêne.
Winnipeg (Osnepegui, Quinipigou, Winipicque,
Winnepique), affluents, 1, 5, 126,
129, 314, 6, 45, 269, 7, 315; bear-berry on,
4, 22, 25; Indians on, 1, 132, 6, 88, 95, 98,
100, 110; fur-trade, 7, 335, 377; within
United States, 6, 51.of the Woods, Lewis to explore, 7, 227,
250; boundary, 1, 246, 6, 51, 54; latitude
and longitude, 6, 81; Indians on, 6, 109.La Liberte,—, sent to Oto Indians, 1, 93,
7, 46, 47; deserter, 1, 98, 101, 111, 7, 50.Lambert, A. B., owns Lewis botanical
specimens, 6, 152.Lambsquarter (Chenopodium album), location,
2, 231, 233, 5, 108, 110; identified,
1, 79; as food, 3, 16.Lancaster (Pa.), Lewis at, 7, 213–216, 218.
Lander, Frederick W., river named for, 5,
193.Langford, Nathaniel P., aid acknowledged,
1, lix.Lanius excubitoroides. See Shrike: white
rumped.La Page (Paage). See Lepage.
La Pérouse, Jean François de Galaup, explores
Northwest coast, 1, xxii, 3, 226.Laplay Indians, enemies of Pawnee, 6, 86;
described, 6, 107.Larches (Larix occidentalis), location, 3,
66, 4, 354, 5, 12, 121, 122, 135, 138, 140,
181, 186, 6, 25.Larks, habitat, 1, 159, 300, 4, 132, 134, 5,
210, 279, 6, 214; described, 1, 123, 2,
180; prairie, 4, 132, 134, 345, 347, 6, 187,
192; singing, 4, 135, 136; bunting (Centrophanes
maccowni), described, 2, 120;
woodpecker, 6, 187.Larocque, François Antoine, fur-trader, expedition
meets, 1, 227–229, 268; at Fort
Mandan, 1, 250–252; among Mandan,
1, 227–229; accompanies Henney, 1, 238;
journal, 1, 227, 229, 238, 246.Lartieto Indians, habitat, 6, 119; numbers,
6, 119.Larus glaucescens: L. occidentalis. See
Gull.Lassel, Arikara chief, expedition meets, 1,
187.Lassuse. See De Lassus.
Lathyrus polyphyllus, Nutt. See Pea.
Laudanum, as remedy, 1, 368, 2, 164, 172,
4, 141, 142, 5, 49, 50, 61, 63, 68, 72, 201.Laurel, red, location, 3, 204, 205, 259, 260,
272, 4, 40–42, 276; identified, 3, 260.Lava, on Missouri bluffs, 1, 290, 296, 317,
318, 329, 6, 164.La Vérendrye, Chevalier de la, "Journal,"
1, 221.Lawton, George, furnishes supplies, 7, 242,
243."Lawyer," Indian, 5, 14.
Lead, mines, 1, 39, 43, 5, 375, 6, 33, 34, 46,
7, 300; in Indian trade, 5, 334; Indians
steal, 4, 252, 254; expedition carries, 2,
189, 190; cached, 2, 134, 139–141, 143;
canisters of, 2, 315, 4, 33, 36; sugar of,
in eye water, 2, 22; sulphurate, 6, 161.Lead Mine Hill, distance up Missouri, 6,
57."Leander," British vessel, 5, 376.
Leather, Indians dress in, 1, 221; lodges,
5, 16, 17; expedition attired in, 4, 98,
100; dressed, 4, 161.Leavenworth, Col. Henry, shells Arikara
villages, 5, 351.
—(Kans.), expedition at site, 1, 63.Le Borgne (Burnia, the one-eyed), Minitaree
chief, expedition meets, 1, 270, 5, 339,
342, 343; brother of, 1, 277; sketch, 1,
270.Ledyard, John, Western exploration frustrated,
1, xx, xxv, 7, 195–197.L'Eau qui pleure. See Creek: Weeping
Water.Leggings, worn by Indians, 1, 234, 247,
4, 24, 25, 280, 282, 284, 285, 289, 5, 30, 32,
356; described, 2, 377, 378; Indian trade,
2, 363, 367, 368, 5, 25, 346, 371; equipment,
5, 290.Leiberg, John B., "Bitter Root Forest
Reserve," 3, 65.Lemhi Pass, over Rockies, 2, 335.
Lemon,—, trader on Northwest Coast, 3,
306.Lenâpe Indians, language 1, 1, 7, 409.
Leonard, Zenas, meets York, 1, 185; Adventures,
1, 185.Lepage, Baptiste, with expedition, 1, 12,
284, 287; takes Newman's place, 1, 216,
7, 357, 358; hunter, 4, 9, 11, 18, 20, 5,
47, 48, 51, 52, 58, 59; trader, 5, 67, 72, 75,
77, 86, 88; hunts for horses, 3, 76, 5, 144,
145, 147; accompanies Lewis, 2, 117, 122,
483234, 7, 113; decribes mountain goat, 4,
96, 98; vote on wintering place, 3, 249;
in Fort Clatsop, 4, 39, 40; creek named
for, 5, 295; river, 3, 144; explorations
of, 1, 300, 308; accident, 5, 94, 95, 97;
illness, 2, 226, 230, 4, 97, 115, 127, 130;
pay, 7, 358, 360, 361.Lepoy, Arikara chief, 6, 149.
Lepus campestris. See Hares, and Rabbits:
jackass.Lewis, Meriwether, Jefferson's Memoir of,
1, xxv, xxvi, 7, 195; early life, 1, xxiv,
xxv; military experience, 1, xxiv, xxv, 6,
165; appointed leader of expedition, 1,
xxiv; preparations, 7, 210–256, 279–
282; invites Clark, 1, xxix, xxx, 7, 226–
230; at Cahokia, 1 4, 7, 288, 294; witnesses
Louisiana transfer, 1, 4, 22, 7, 30;
sends to Kickapoo, 1, 21; rejoins expedition,
1, 23, 7, 5, 30, 31; acts as physician,
1, 66, 70, 202, 239, 7, 74; prepares papers
for Jefferson, 1, 90; ascends Platte, 1 87;
air-gun of, 1, 98, 114, 2, 318, 4, 10, 246,
296, 7, 98, 129; tests minerals, 1, 116;
treaty with Oto, 7, 47, 48; birthday celebrated,
1, 112; poisoned, 1, 116, 117; ill,
1, 121, 127, 2, 293, 294, 3, 86–95, 101;
speech to Sioux, 1 129, 164, 7, 63–65;
explores shore, 1, 119, 148, 149, 162,
179, 195; visits Mandan, 1, 204, 209,
215, 226, 244; Minitaree, 1, 227; letters
to Northwest traders, 1, 215; hunting,
1, 45, 73, 142, 143, 149, 153, 154, 234–236,
7, 59, 60, 84, 89, 92; explores Yellowstone,
1, 334–343; explores shore, 2, 28, 78, 79,
106, 107; sees Rockies, 2, 79; explores
Maria's River, 2, 116–121, 123–128,
130, 131, 7, 94–97; describes falls of
Missouri, 2, 147–150, 153–159, 7, 100, 101;
encounter with bear, 2, 156, 157; iron
boat of, 2, 32, 109, 126, 165, 166, 169,
172, 178–181, 185, 186, 188, 191–193, 200–
204, 207–210, 212, 218–220, 7, 102–109;
acts as cook, 2, 188, 191, 200, 203; alone at
night, 2, 287–292; explores forks of Jefferson,
2, 306–310; meets Shoshoni Indians,
2, 329–331, 338, 339, 7, 136, 137; negotiations
with Shoshoni, 2, 329–365, 3, 13–18,
34–36, 40, 47, 7, 138–141; Clark joins at
Shoshoni Cove, 2, 361; birthday reflections,
2, 368; river named for, 3, 10;
plans mountain journey, 3, 42, 43, 45;
crosses the divide, 3, 62–83; arrives
among Chopunnish, 3, 83, 84; branding-iron
found, 3, 94; town named for, 3,
104; takes vocabulary, 3, 123, 128, 4,
273, 275, visits Pishquow, 3, 137; explores
for camping place, 3, 221–223,
229; reconnoitres Netul River, 3, 255–
266; bay named for, 3, 270; builds winter-quarters,
3, 276–280, 288; Christmas
presents, 3, 290; longs for home, 3,
302; reflections on diet, 3, 309, 313; examines
merchandise, 3, 316, 336; fur-coat
for, 3, 346, 348; orders hat of Clatsop, 4,
94, 96; purchases skins, 4, 110, 113; buys
canoe, 4, 168, 169, 177, 179; at Columbia
portage, 4, 273, 275, 276, 278; at Rockfort
Camp, 4, 293; purchases horses, 4,
294, 300, 311; among Eneshur, 4, 306–
309, 312; meets Chopunnish, 5, 17;
council with, 5, 24–27; camp on Rockies,
5, 135; route from Traveller's Rest to
Missouri, 5, 175, 176, 331, 6, 25, 72;
separates from Clark, 5, 183; accident,
5, 173, 174, 183; up Hellgate River, 5,
189; Indian guides leave, 5, 188, 189;
on Prairie of Knobs, 5, 191; on Dearborn
River, 5, 195, 196; on Sun River, 5, 194–
200; divides party, 5, 203, 204; en route
for Maria's River, 5, 207; at Camp Disappointment,
5, 218; on Maria's River,
5, 105, 106, 147, 210, 332–334, 6, 28;
hostile encounter with Blackfeet, 5, 219–
225, 334, 335, 370, 6, 78; return to
Missouri, 5, 225–227; to the Yellowstone,
5, 227–237, 335; pursues Clark, 5, 237–
242; Cruzatte accidentally shoots, 5, 240–
243, 330, 331, 7, 419; rejoins Clark, 5,
243, 323, 330; suffers from wound, 5,
348, 358, 361, 362, 365, 373–380; meets
McClallen, 5, 387; at St. Louis, 5, 391,
7, 334; name marked on trees, 3, 233,
244, 7, 98; Indian name for, 5, 180;
presents to, 5, 34, 36, 63, 79, 119,
120, 157, 176; dog accompanies, 1, 334,
336, 2, 172, 231, 255, 5, 3, 8, 194;
astonishes Indians, 2, 363, 366; stolen, 4,
267, 271; observes lunar eclipse, 6, 258,
259; characteristics, 7, 211; keen observation,
4, 323; expert marksmanship, 5,
26; caution, 4, 236; botanical knowledge,
1, 87; describes mammoth, 7, 274–278;
relations with Indians, 5, 180; prejudiced
against British, 1, 277; pleasure in expedition,
1, 285; relations to Clark, 1,
lvi, lvii; later life, 1, xxvii, xxxvii, 5,
101, 7, 293, 341, 343, 355, 362; death, 1,
xxxv, xxxvii, 7, 389; portrait, 1, frontispiece;
letters to, 7, 217–220, 223, 247–
255, 257–259, 262, 263, 291, 292, 345, 367;
letters from, 5, 394, 7, 224, 226–230, 256,
260–267, 269–279, 288, 289, 294, 295, 299,
309, 318, 334, 368; financial memoranda,
4846, 269, 270; MSS. in American Philosophical
Society 1, xxv; in Bureau
of Rolls, 1, xxv; map, 1, 50, 244;
"Summary View," 6, 29–55, "Statistical
View of Indian Nations," 1, 173, 3, 27,
200, 6, 42, 81, 100, 101, 107, 112; "Estimate
of Western Indians," 6, 113–120;
"Observations on Upper Louisiana," 7,
369–388.Journals, facsimile page, 5, 184; dates
covered, 1, xxxv; gaps in, 3, 43; style, 1,
lvi; characteristics, 1, xxxv, xxxvi; prospectus
for printing, 1, xxxvii, xxxviii, 7,
363–366, 389–391.—, Nicholas, uncle of Meriwether, 1,
xxiv.—, William, father of Meriwether, 1, xxiv.
—and Clark County (Mont.), boundary,
5, 194.—and Clark Pass over Rockies, 2,
335, 4, 68, 70, 5, 185, 194, 195, 6, 24, 28,
62, 69, 72–74, 7, 418; expedition on, 7,
418.Lewisia rediviva, 3, 13, 6, 153.
Lewisiana, 7, 254.
Lewiston (Idaho), site, 3, 64, 104; named
for Lewis, 3, 104.Liard, French name for cottonwood, 6, 43,
Liatris pycnostachya, in Lewis herbarium,
6, 155; identified, 6, 158.Liatris scariosa, identified, 6, 158.
Library of Congress (Wash., D. C.), owns
editions, 1, lxii; Whitehouse Journal
offered to, 1, lvi.Lichens (Alectoria jubata), as food, 5, 4, 8.
Lickawis Indians, habitat, 6, 117; numbers,
6, 117.Licorice, indigenous on Missouri, 2, 10, 13;
abundant, 5, 211; described, 4, 6, 7, 10;
as food, 3, 273.Lighting Crow (Kakawissassa), Arikara
chief, creek named for, 1, 184; expedition
meets 1, 185; speech, 7, 303.Lighton, William R., Lewis and Clark, 1, xc.
Lightwood, location, 2, 248.
Lignite, location, 1, 289.
Lilac, location, 6, 173.
Lilies, yellow (Erythronium nuttallium),
location, 5, 165, 167.Lime, sulphate of, 6, 159–162, 164; carbonate
of, 6, 161, 164.Limestone, on Missouri, 1, 86, 300, 329,
363, 366, 2, 74, 269, 275, 278, 6, 31, 229;
River Lemhi, 2, 344, 345, 351, 353;
Yellowstone, 1, 340; quality, 2, 275.—. See Maysville (Ky.).
Lincoln, C. H., aid acknowledged, 1, lix.
Linden (Lynn) trees, on Missouri, 1, 54, 95,
5, 373.Linnard, William, military agent, 7, 256.
Linnean Society, 6, 152; publications, 6,
153.Linnets, habitat, 2, 130.
Linum perenne; L. usitatissimum. See
Flax.Liquor, in fur-trade, 1, 306, 310, 5, 222;
Indians fond of, 6, 110, 111; Arikara do
not use, 1, 186, 199; expedition uses, 2,
36, 100, 104, 117, 119, 131, 184, 192, 194,
198, 199, 203, 210, 211, 7, 110; quantity
disbursed, 1, 8; scarce, 5, 378; effect on
abstainers, 2, 94, 96, 210, 211.Lisa, Manuel, among Blackfeet, 5, 223;
post, 5, 296; traders join expedition, 7,
294.Literary Collector, 1, lxi.
Little Crow, Mandan chief, visits expedition,
1, 240, 244, 246, 249, 275.—Fox (Ohharh), Minitaree chief, 1, 212,
269.—Gate of the Mountains, distance up
Missouri, 6, 63.—Osage Indians. See Osage.
—Raven. See Kagohhami.
—Thief (Weahrushhah, Weárrugenor),
Oto chief, expedition meets, 1, 98; medal
given to, 1, 113.—Wolf's Medicine. See Shàhakóhopinnee.
Livingston (Mont.), Clark at, 5, 262.
Livingstone, Robert, arranges Louisiana
Purchase, 7, 229.Lizards, habitat, 3, 44, 257, 259; live with
prairie dogs, 1, 142; black, habitat, 5, 87,
89; brown, 4, 155, 162, 320, 323, 324;
horned (Phrynosoma douglasii), 4, 323, 325,
5, 80, 81, 87, 89, 7, 327; described, 5, 80,
81, 83; sent Jefferson, 7, 300; water,
habitat, 4, 155, 156; described, 4, 156,
162.Lobelia, as medicine, 4, 16, 18.
Lockhart, Patrick, addresses Lewis and
Clark, 7, 352.Loconggartihar (Old woman at a distance),
Mandan chief, meets expedition, 1, 212.Locust, Rocky Mountain (Caloptenus spretus),
on Yellowstone, 5, 276."Locust Grove," Clark estate, 7, 301.
Logan (Mont.), Clark at, 5, 259.
Logcock (Ceophlaeus pileatus), habitat, 4,
246, 247, 5, 176.Lolo (Mont.), location, 3, 58, 5, 249.
Lolo Trail, described, 3, 64; explored, 3,
48564, 65; destitute of game, 3, 72, 73; expedition
follows, 2, 335, 3, 64–83, 7, 143–
169; present route, 3, 70, 77; maps, 3,
65; Indian Post Offices on, 3, 69.Lomaria spicant. See Ferns.
Lomatium macrocarpum, identified 4, 341.
Lomatium cous, Watson. See Couse.
London, Hudson's Bay Company headquarters,
1, 206.Long, Maj. S. H., at Bellefontaine, 5, 392;
Expedition, 1, 239, 264.Long Beach (Ore.), location, 3, 236.
Lonicera ciliosa, Poir; L. Sullivantii. See
Honeysuckle.Lonicera involucrata, identified, 5, 121, 122.
Looking-glasses in Indian trade, 1, 256, 2,
330, 331, 339, 363.Lookout Bend, location, 5, 359; astronomical
observation at, 6, 256.Loonpilly. See Brants.
Loons, habitat, 6, 204; different species, 4,
137, 138; black, 7, 183; Pacific diver, 4,
142; speckled, 4, 142, 143; skins, 3, 239.Loos Indians. See Pawnee.
Lophanthus urticœfolius, Benth. See Mint.
Louis XV, cedes New Orleans to Spain, 1,
xix.Louiselle (Louasell, Loisell),—, fur-trader,
post of, 1, 160, 6, 97, 7, 61, 190; expedition
meets, 1, 29; Tebeau with, 6, 270.Louisiana Territory, Indians in, 5, 282, 6,
93, 95, 112, 113, 7, 283–287; salt, 6, 40;
resources, 6, 52; Spanish settlements, 5,
388, 391; Pike explores, 5, 381; France
cedes to Spain, 5, 392; retroceded, 7,
228, 247, 281; United States purchases,
1, xxx–xxxii, 37, 6, 52, 53, 7, 228, 229,
253, 258, 263, 267, 278, 279; first known,
7, 229; price paid, 7, 258, 267; Congress
ratifies, 7, 280; act for taking possession,
7, 281; transfer, 1, 4, 22, 7, 291,
292; land grants, 1, xxxviii, 5, 391; military
headquarters, 5, 392; Indian agents,
5, 393; fur-trade, 7, 369–388; information
desired, 7, 283–287, 289, 290; brief
account, 7, 324–326; Lewis's observations,
7, 369–388; Lewis governor, 7, 362;
Wilkinson, 5, 375; population (1816), 7,
398; seal, 5, 386.Louisville (Ky.), Armstrong at, 7, 198;
Christy, 5, 394; William Clark (2), 1,
xxix; Clark family, 1, xxvii; Lewis, 1,
xxxi, 7, 337, 345; Shannon, 1, xl.Loup (Luup) Indians. See Pawnee.
Loup-cervier (Louservia). See Lynx.
Lucas, John B. C., land commissioner, 5,
391.Luckkarso Indians, habitat, 6, 117; numbers,
6, 117.Luckton Indians, habitat, 6, 117; numbers,
6, 117.Ludlam, Martin, furnishes supplies, 7, 244.
Lupine (Lupinus littoralis). See Culwhayma.
"Lydia," in Columbia River, 3, 327, 4, 180;
on Northwest coast, 3, 328.Lye, difficulty of procuring, 4, 7, 8.
Lyle, Col.—, selects site for Lewiston, 3,
104.Lyman, H. S., note by, 4, 137; "Reminiscences
of Louis Labonte," 4, 138.Lynx (loup-cervier), length of fur, 1, 236;
skins in fur-trade, 6, 102, 104, 105, 107;
Canadian (canadensis), 3, 279; fur, 4, 86.Lynx rufus fasciatus. See Tiger cat.
Mabbauf, Etienne, with expedition, 1, 31.
McClallan, Capt. John, fur-trader, 5, 387,
388, 7, 379; expedition meets. 5, 387;
letter by, 5, 388; letter to, 7, 213; sketch,
5, 387.McClellan, Capt. Robert, fur-trader, 5, 329,
373, 7, 379; among Omaha, 5, 376; expedition
meets, 5, 382, 383.McConnell,—, subscriber to Michaux expedition,
7, 205.McCracken, Hugh, fur-trader, expedition
meets, 1, 206, 215, 7, 307; sketch, 1, 206.McDougal, Duncan, weds Chinook, 3, 238.
McGee, W. J., account of Hidatsa, 1, 208;
meaning of Grosventre, 1, 225.Mackay, James, location of Fort Orleans,
1, 50; names river, 6, 125; post of, 1,
109; reports volcanoes on Missouri, 1,
147.McKeehan, David, edits Gass journal, 1,
xxxvi, lxxi.Mackenzie, Alexander, discover Fraser,
1, xviii, 3, 60; maps rivers, 3, 60; Voyages
through North America, 3, 60.McKenzie, Charles, fur-trader, expedition
meets, 1, 227, 250, 256, 257, 263, 272, 277,
280, 5, 329; Journal, 1, 227, 229, 242, 243,
277, 7, 325.—, Roderic, owns Lewis and Clark manuscripts,
7, 307.Mackey,—, trader on Northwest coast, 3,
306, 307, 4, 178.Mackinac (Mackilimack, Michilimackinac,
Mickanah), fur-trade centre, 6, 92, 93; 95;
Aird in, 5, 374.McMahon,—, Philadelphia gardener, 7, 393.
MacMaster, John Bach, "Louisiana Purchase,"
1, lxxxiv.McNair, Alexander, defeats Clark, 1, liv.
McNeal (Neel, Neil, O'Nail), Hugh, with
expedition, 1, 11–13, 284, 287, 7, 4, 26,
30, 358; in Floyd's mess, 1, 30; at Missouri
falls, 2, 209, 5, 175, 179; accompanies
Lewis, 2, 323, 329, 7, 130; bestrides
Missouri, 2, 335; creek named
for, 2, 344; cook, 2, 346, 349, 361; skins
deer, 2, 355; sea-sick, 3, 211; vote on
wintering place, 3, 247; lost, 3, 281; adventure
with Tillamook, 3, 329, 334; illness,
4, 27, 29, 89, 91, 95, 97, 114, 115,
143, 145, 5, 180; loses horse, 4, 319, 321;
messenger, 4, 292, 293, 5, 202, 203; trades
with Indians, 5, 54, 56, 98, 101, 114, 115;
searches for horses, 5, 202; attacked by
bear, 5, 203, 204; at Missouri portage, 5,
332; land warrant, 7, 343; pay, 7, 360,
361.MacRea, Maj. William, commandant at
South West Point, 7, 214, 225; selects
men for expedition, 7, 272.McTavish, Simon, fur-trader, 1, 268.
McVickar, Archibald, edits journals, 1,
lxxx, lxxxi.Madison, James, hears of Louisiana purchase,
7, 229; appoints Clark, 1, liv;
river named for, 2, 280, 281.Madison's Cave, in Virginia, 4, 114.
Magpies, described, 1, 151; habitat, 1, 181,
300, 3, 257, 4, 132, 134, 5, 233, 363, 6,
122, 187, 192, 7, 59, 316, 327; eggs, 1, 308,
311, 4, 290; nests, 1, 308, 311, 343, 345, 6,
136; eat meat, 1, 260; specimen preserved,
1, 281, 282.Maha (Maharhar) Indians. See Omaha.
Mahharha, Mandan village, 1, 212, 224.
Mahomet, ruler of Egypt, 2, 266.
Mahpahpah Mahpatpuh ahzhah. See River
Medicine.Mahpeondotak, Sioux chief, 6, 99.
Mahtahton Indians, Sioux tribe, 6, 99.
Mahtoree. See White Crane.
Mahtourjankka, Sioux chief, 6, 99.
Mahtush ahzhah. See River Musselshell.
Mahzomarnee, Sioux chief, 6, 99.
Mair, Charles, "American Bison," 1, 41.
Maize (Indian corn), used as ornament, 3,
10.Malaugh, Chehalis chief, 3, 239; bearded,
3, 239.Mallery, Garrick, "Sign Language among
North American Indians," etc., 2, 346;
"Introduction to Study of Sign Language,"
2, 347; "Collection of Gesture
Signs," 2, 347.Mallet,—, French explorer, 1, xix.
Malta Bend, in Missouri, 1, 49, 50.
Mamillaria missouriensis, described, 2,
272.Mammoth, skeleton, 7, 274; tusks, 7, 274–
278; compared with elephant, 7, 274,
275, 278; Michaux to investigate, 7,
203; Lewis's observations, 7, 274–278;
remains at Osage River, 6, 32.Mandan (Mantannes) Indians, myth as to
origin, 1, 220, 263; described, 1, 220, 5,
347, 348, 6, 89, 90; habitat, 1, 162, 199–
207, 209, 216, 220, 224, 261, 271, 284, 2,
79, 5, 327, 340, 346, 6, 50, 59, 61, 90, 98,
141, 153, 257, 269, 7, 70, 106, 190, 291,
299, 382, 387; numbers, 1, 220, 224, 6,
89; small-pox decimates, 1, 220, 261,
271, 6, 90; language, 1, 161, 220; physical
characteristics, 1, 266, 2, 372; resemble
Cheyenne, 5, 356; humane, 1, 246;
easily offended, 1, 279; endure cold, 1,
247; frozen, 7, 74; burned, 1, 211; licentious,
1, 225, 249, 282, 288; shrewd, 1,
221; thieves, 1, 198, 242; reprisal for
theft, 1, 270; good workmen, 1, 221;
length of life, 1, 263; huts described, 1,
208, 219; food, 1, 240, 247, 279, 2, 16;
lack meat, 1, 254, 256; dress, 1, 234,
247, 281, 282, 3, 3, 4; brass ornaments,
1, 234; prize eagle feathers, 4, 159, 160;
religious beliefs, 1, 233; customs: adopt
prisoners, 1, 212, 246; ceremony of adoption,
1, 222; property in common, 1,
247; marriage customs, 2, 371; position
of women, 1, 219, 225; burial customs,
1, 324; mourning, 1, 205; treatment of
aged, 3, 331; berdashes, 1, 239; games,
1, 239; dances, 1, 221, 245–247; medicine
stone, 1, 264; tools, 1, 242, 243;
weapons, 1, 251, 255, 256, 262, 263, 281,
2, 273, 7, 322; battle-axe described, 1,
254, 255; illustrated, 1, 251; council
ceremonies, 1, 214; list of chiefs, 1, 212,
213; raise corn, 1, 205, 281, 6, 227, 7,
322, 325; tobacco, 2, 342, 5, 351, 6,
157, 7, 322; make beads, 1, 272–274;
dress leather, 1, 221; paint robes, 7,
323; make canoes, 5, 200, 325, 326;
earthenware utensils, 1, 206, 281, 7, 322;
hunters, 1, 204, 245–247, 279, 6, 50;
hunt buffalo, 1, 219, 234, 235, 6, 180, 185;
superstition concerning buffaloes, 1, 250;
hunt goats, 1, 217; care of horses, 1,
244, 5, 358; relations with other tribes,
5, 329, 342, 350–355, 367, 371, 393; allies,
6, 100–103, 105; peace with Arikara,
1, 204, 214–216, 224, 230, 233, 267,
286, 7, 303–306; trade with Cree and
Assiniboin, 1, 221–223, 231; Minitaree
487allies, 1, 210, 220; war with Pawnee, 1,
220; Sioux, 1, 200, 220, 229, 230, 247,
6, 90, 95, 97, 7, 69, 70; Shoshoni, 1, 249;
Teton, 1, 202, 7, 315; French traders
among, 1, xx, 198, 211, 214; British, 1,
xxiii, 308, 7, 336, 379; Henney, 5, 282;
Henry, 5, 387; McCracken, 7, 307; expedition
among, 1, xxxii, 187, 188, 204,
207, 242–277, 282, 283, 2, 52, 60, 3, 29, 5,
205, 285, 335, 338, 340–342, 345, 347, 350,
6, 149, 7, 75, 307, 309, 415, 416, 420;
York astonishes, 1, 243; steal Charbonneau's
horse, 1, 239; councils with,
1, 210, 211, 229–232, 5, 338, 340, 341,
354; speeches, 1, 230, 7, 305, 306; promise
peace, 2, 383, 385; presents to, 1,
211, 228, 6, 273, 7, 306, 331; aid expedition,
7, 331; furnish map, 1, 249; expedition
leaves, 7, 337, 342; guide accompanies,
1, 284, 287, 288, 7, 319;
return party sent from, 7, 355, 356;
Pryor's expedition to, 5, 176, 179, 278,
281, 287, 290; chief goes to Washington,
5, 329, 341, 354, 363, 378, 393, 7, 348–
350; fur-trade with, 6, 89, 90, 7, 382.Mandan (N. Dak.), expedition near site,
1, 201.Mandatonggar, Sioux chief, 6, 99.
Manetopar (Band lar Gru, crain, canoe)
Indians, described, 6, 104, 105; habitat,
6, 104; numbers, 6, 104; drunkards, 6,
104; fur-trade, 6, 104.Mannerssurree, Minitaree chief, meets
Lewis, 1, 227, 228.Man Wolf. See Arrattoénomookge.
Maples, location, 1, 291, 3, 195, 204, 259,
4, 274, 7, 349; Acer macrophyllum, location,
3, 172, 174, 175, 188; A. circinatum,
described, 4, 57–59; A. douglasii, location,
2, 337, 5, 137, 139; sugar, 6, 169,
7, 8; drawing of leaf, 4, 58, 59.Maps—
d'Anville, 7, 225; Evans, 1, 162, 163,
195, 198, 200, 7, 291, 292; Fiedler, 6, 53;
Hay, 1, 6, 7, 280; Mackenzie, 3, 60;
Nicholson, 5, 140; Stevens, 4, 341, 5, 96;
U. S. Land Office, 5, 190.Indian—1, 249, 3, 85, 4, 242, 308, 5,
frontispiece, 5, 19, 21, 93, 94.Clark—Red and St. Peters, 1, 280, 286;
map of Great West, 5, 341; chart of Missouri,
2, 259, 4, 68–71, 181, 182, 5, 201, 6,
53, 7, 291, 292, 318, 327, 328, 332; Yellowstone,
1, 245, 4, 244, 5, 270, 328; trails
from Yellowstone to Columbia, 4, 181, 182,
244; Great falls of Missouri and portage,
2, 176, 192, 203, 209, 211, 5, 205, 6, 67;
Handsome falls, 2, 210; Great falls, 2, 218;
Upper falls, 2, 228; mouth of Missouri to
Pacific, 4, 68–71; courses and camping
places on Columbia, 3, 62, 64, 70, 72, 78,
114, 120, 134, 138, 140, 142, 5, 270; Kooskooske
and Kimooenem, 3, 102; Lewis,
3, 85, 102, 115, 5, 5, 9; Columbia, 3, 7, 118,
120, 130, 134, 138, 140, 142, 158, 168, 172,
184, 234, 244, 308; junction of Lewis and
Columbia, 3, 130; Long and short narrows,
3, 158; Great rapids, 3, 172; Falls, 3,
frontispiece, 4, 308; mouth of Columbia, 3,
234; Point Adams, 3, 261; Fort Clatsop,
3, 268, 282, 298; Indian villages on Columbia,
3, 116, 118, 140, 168, 184.Lewis—Missouri, 1, 244; Great falls and
portage of Missouri, 2, 176, 5, 205. See
also Atlas volume.Marbook Sheahokeah (Seeing Snake),
Minitaree chief, visits Fort Mandan, 1,
252.Marengo (Wash.), location, 4, 351.
Marest, Gabriel, quoted, 1, 320.
Margaritana margaritifera. See Mussels.
Margry, Pierre, Découvertes et établissements,
1, 50, 68.Marks, Mrs.—, Lewis's papers sent to, 7,
398; letter to, 7, 309.—, John, Lewis's stepbrother, 7, 312.
Marlockhe, Chehalis chief, 3, 295.
Marmot. See Woodchuck.
Marnohtah (Big Stealer), Minitaree chief,
meets Lewis, 1, 213, 227, 228.Marparpaparrapasatoo (Marparperycopatoo).
See Horned Weasel.Marquette, Jacques, explorations, 1, xix;
cure for snake bite, 1, 267.Marryatt, Frederic, Travels of Monsieur
Violet, 2, 345.Marserusse (Tail of calumet bird), Mandan
chief, meets expedition, 1, 213.Marshall, John, Jefferson's correspondence
with, 7, 193.Martens, habitat, 4, 88, 246, 7, 336; skins
in fur-trade, 1, 132, 6, 93, 95, 102, 105,
108–111; sent to Jefferson, 1, 281.Marthasville (Mo.), location, 5, 390.
Martin, H. T., Castorologia, 3, 319.
Martins, 1, 123, 5, 136; nests, 2, 101, 278;
bank, 5, 279, 6, 211; black, 1, 369, 6,
190.(Mont.), streams, near, 2, 251.
Mason, John, cuttings sent to, 7, 295.
—, Thompson, member of Virginia legislature,
7, 226.Massachusetts Historical Society (Boston),
owns editions, 1, lxii.Masson, L. R., Bourgeois de la Compagnie
du Nord-Ouest, 1, 227, 229, 238, 242, 243,
246, 268, 277, 279.Matocoquepar. See Second bear.
Matoolonha (Matootonka), Mandan village,
1, 212, 6, 89.Matthews, W. W., with Astorian expedition,
4, 138.—, Washington, Ethnography and Philology
of Hidatsa Indians, 1, 208, 225, 264,
274, 2, 16; "Earth Lodge in Art," 1,
219.Maupahpirrecossatoo. See Horned Weasel.
Maximilian, Prince of Wied, visits Fort
Mandan, 5, 346; Voyage, 1, 217, 219, 220,
233, 245, 263, 264, 2, 80, 186, 5, 322, 347.May apples, location, 6, 172.
Maynard, Charles J., zoölogical specimens,
6, 121.Maysville (Limestone, Ky.), Lewis at, 1,
xxv.Mazama Montana. See Goat : mountain.
Meares, Capt. John, explores Northwest
coast, 3, 226; post at Nootka Sound, 3,
327.Medals, different grades, 1, 97, 98, 131, 286,
2, 363; described, 1, 129, 2, 363; recently
found, 1, 129; customs relating to,
1, 97; given Arikara, 1, 286, 5, 350–352,
354; Cathlamets, 3, 332, 335, 4, 203, 204;
Cathlapohtle, 4, 216, 217; Cheyenne, 5,
221; Chinooks, 3, 238, 328, 4, 89, 91;
, 4, 268, 272; Clatsops, 3,
278; Flatheads, 3, 54, 7, 150; Mandan,
1, 210, 211, 213, 228, 229, 5, 371; Minitaree,
1, 270; Nez percés, 3, 81, 82, 85,
120, 5, 15–17, 19, 20, 180; Pisquitpah, 4,
321, 323; Sioux, 6, 99; Sokulks, 3, 127,
7, 175, 180, 182; Teton, 1, 164, 169;
Wahkiacums, 3, 293, 296, 4, 196; Walla
Walla, 4, 324; Columbia River, 3, 156,
158, 161, 162; Cut Nose, 4, 359, 362;
Yellept, 3, 132, 4, 328, 329.Medicines, list of supply carried, 3, 28, 7,
236, 241, 244, 245, 247; supply wet, 2,
38–40, 315–317; cached, 2, 376; Indian,
1, 238, 6, 143, 144, 149, 154, 7, 283.Medicine-stone, Mandan superstition, 1,
264.. See River Yellowstone.
Meehan, Thomas, "plants of the Lewis
and Clark Expedition," 1, xc, 4, 3.Melanerpes erythrocephalus; M. torquatus.
See Woodpeckers.Melon-bug, habitat, 4, 246.
Me Macarjo (Make fence on the river),
Sioux tribe, habitat, 1, 133.Memetoon Indians, numbers, 7, 316.
Menesharne Indians, Sioux tribe, 6, 99.
Metaharta, Minitaree village, 1, 212, 224.
Mentha canadensis. See Mint.
Mephitis mephitica. See Skunk.
Mercury, as medicine, 4, 143, 145.
Mergus serrator. See Ducks.
Merula, migratoria. See Robins.
Meship,—, trader on Northwest coast, 3,
306, 307, 4, 178.Meteorology, notes on, 6, 165–229; Clark's
weather record, 5, 339.Met'-how (Metcowwe) Indians, Salishan
tribe, expedition meets, 4, 320, 321.Mexico, Shoshoni in, 4, 74, 77; Spaniards,
4, 74, 77; mineral resources, 7, 300.Miahkeejacksah Indians, Sioux tribe, 6,
99.Miami Indians, habitat, 6, 84; language, 1,
1, 7, 409.Micacuopsiba (Cut bank), Sioux tribe,
habitat, 1, 133.Mice, habitat, 4, 73, 76, 113, 114; in Indian
houses, 4, 290, 299; in baggage,
1, 178, 187, 7, 109; specimen preserved,
1, 281.Michaux, André, proposed expedition, 1,
xxi, xxii, xxv, 7, 202–205, 218.Micksucksealtom Indians, Tushepaw tribe,
6, 114; habitat, 6, 119, 120; numbers, 6,
119.Micmac Indians, language, 1, 1, 7, 409.
Mid Cañon (Mont.), expedition near site,
2, 241.Miles City (Mont.), location, 5, 309.
Milford (Minford), Lieut.—, in Stoddard's
company, 1, 22, 23.Mindawarcarton (Gens de Lac) Indians,
Sioux tribe, 6, 99; sketch, 6, 94; habitat,
6, 94; numbers, 1, 133, 6, 94; migratory,
6, 94; fur-trade, 6, 94.Mine Hill (Battue de Charr), expedition
passes, 7, 8.Miner, William Harvey, aid acknowledged,
1, lix; "Lewis and Clark "bibliography,
1, lxi.Mineralogy, notes on, 6, 159–164. See also
the several minerals.Minitaree (Big-bellies, Gros Ventres, Minnatare,
Minnetarréas, Minnetarres, Pahkee)
Indians, Arapaho tribe, 1, 205, 225,
243; meaning of "Gros Ventre," 1, 225;
sketch, 5, 337, 6, 91; habitat, 1, 203,
208, 224, 225, 243, 248, 271, 290–292, 300,
2, 88, 92, 95, 5, 193, 231, 6, 61, 91, 96, 7,
106, 382; fortified camps, 2, 42, 44, 92,
98, 99; bands of, 1, 271, 2, 88, 92, 6, 91;
489related to Crows, 1, 130; Iowa, 1, 208;
Skitsuish, 5, 94; numbers, 1, 220, 6, 91;
small-pox decimates, 6, 91; language, 1,
277, 5, 19, 21, 6, 90, 106; geographical
names, 2, 10, 13, 113, 5, 297, 312, 6, 53;
complexions, 2, 372; dress, 1, 281, 282, 7,
323; moccasins, 3, 3; prize eagle feathers,
4, 159, 160; treatment of aged, 3, 316,
331; women abused, 1, 244; marriage
customs, 2, 370; burial, 1, 324; belief in
medicine stone, 1, 264; superstitions, 5,
353; traditions, 5, 346–348; games, 4,
37, 38; care of horses, 5, 358; weapons,
2, 273; raise tobacco, 2, 342, 6, 157;
burn prairies, 1, 269; hunting grounds,
6, 50; hunters, 1, 219, 294–296, 298, 337,
5, 222; buffalo plentiful among, 6, 180;
hunters killed by bear, 1, 303; relations
with other tribes, 5, 171, 174–176, 180,
183, 185, 188, 192, 206, 220, 321, 329,
340, 342, 350–352, 354; allies, 6, 90, 100–
103, 105; enemies, 6, 97; Arikara, 1,
216, 286; Assiniboin, 1, 217, 223, 268,
269; Blackfeet, 2, 42, 44; Nez Percés,
3, 81, 5, 24, 27, 34, 79, 105, 106; Mandans,
1, 210, 220, 269, 270, 7, 70, 331; steal
Shoshoni horses, 2, 372, 3, 43; war with,
1, 210, 220, 284, 2, 282, 283, 285, 341, 343,
349, 350, 383, 3, 38, 5, 158, 270, 7, 124;
capture Sacajawea, 2, 283, 358, 371, 7, 121,
124; Sioux, 1, 205; Tinnachemootoolt,
5, 23; war parties, 1, 275; trails, 5, 188,
192; British traders among, 1, 241, 248,
7, 75, 336, 379; , 1, 217,
7, 329; Henny, l, 238; Henry, 5, 337;
McKenzie, 5, 329; fur-trade, 6, 91; Projected
posts, 1, 248, 6, 89; expedition
among, 1, 209–212, 226, 227, 243, 248,
250–252, 3, 30, 5, 19, 22, 219–225, 329,
337–344, 7, 309; furnish information, 2,
51, 54, 77, 3, 60, 5, 297, 6, 55, 111; tell
of rumbling in Rockies, 2, 177, 223;
chiefs invited to Washington, 5, 339,
344, 346.Minks, described, 4, 99, 101; habitat, 4, 73,
76; skins as robes, 4, 239; in fur-trade,
6, 93, 97, 105, 108–111.Minnesota Geological Survey Report, 1, 115.
Minnissurraree (Neighing Horse), Mandan
chief, meets expedition, 1, 212.Mint (Mentha canadensis), on Missouri, 2,
186, 7, 89; Lopanthus urticæfolius, Benth.,
as remedy, 5, 61, 63.Mires, Jacob, fur-trade agent, 7, 376.
Missoula (Mont.), location, 3, 55, 5, 189;
stage route from, 3, 64.Missouri (Newdarcha) Indians, Siouan
tribe, habitat, 1, 47, 49, 6, 4, 34, 41, 57,
85, 86, 93, 104, 7, 10, 11, 189, 314; numbers,
1, 47, 6, 85, 7, 314; small-pox decimates,
6, 86; language, 1, 93, 97, 6, 85;
tribes, 6, 92; hunting parties, 1, 92;
allies of Kansa, 6, 84; live with Oto, 1,
92, 97, 6, 85, 7, 23; war with; Omaha, 1,
98, 102, 112, 6, 87; retire to Osage, 7,
11; war with Pawnee, 6, 86; with Sauk,
7, 10, 11; French fort among, 1, 67; fur-trade
desired, 6, 43; Robideau among, 7,
384; expedition, 1, 97, 7, 47; Dorion to
arrange peace, 1, 132.—, first territorial legislature, 5, 386; state
constitutional convention, 5, 375; Botanical
Gardens, 5, 97, 6, 140; Historical
Society, 5, 375, 7, 368, 389; River Commission
map, 2, 242.—Fur Company, posts of, 1, 155, 2, 276,
6, 266; failure of, 7, 398.Mitchell, D. D., superintendent of Indian
Affairs, 3, 300.Moccasin Indians. See Ahnahaway.
Moccasins, described, 3, 3, 4; Indians wear,
1, 130, 280, 282, 284, 285, 289, 303, 305,;
307, 5, 30, 32, 160, 356; tribes identified
by, 1, 262, 2, 92, 95; not worn by Clatsops,
4, 24, 25; expedition supplied with,
4, 98, 100, 161, 5, 290; worn out, 5, 36;
repaired, 3, 44, 61; horses wear, 5, 266.—(snakes), habitat, 5, 87, 89.
Moccuppin. See Nymphœa reniformis.
Mocking-birds, on Missouri, 1, 39, 2, 44, 6,
190.Moles, habitat, 4, 73, 76, 113, 114.
Molothrus ater. See Cowbird.
Monax. See Woodchuck.
Monona County (Ia.), 1, 107.
Monroe, James, arranges Louisiana Purchase,
7, 228, 229; Biddle secretary, 1,
xxxviii; Calendar of Correspondence, 7,
229.Monroe-Farmer, Mrs. S. Lou, aid acknowledged,
1, lix.Montana, Indians in, 1, 210, 2, 345, 3, 6;
mineral resources, 2, 263, 304, 305;
streams, 5, 94, 272; valleys, 3, 56; University,
5, 189.Montana Central Railway, 2, 241.
Montana Historical Society Contributions,
2, 276, 5, 289.Montbrun's Tavern, expedition at, 1, 36.
Monthly Anthology and Boston Review, 1,
lxii, 7, 391.Monticello (Va.), Jefferson's home, 1, xlvii;
curios at, 1, 280, 7, 345.—(Wash.), site, 3, 204.
Montreal, North West Company formed
in, 1, 206; Robideaux, 5, 386.Mooney, James, "Ghost Dance," 1, 130,
176, 190, 205, 225.Moore,—, trader on Northwest coast, 3,
306, 307, 4, 63, 64, 66, 169, 178.Moose, habitat, 5, 99, 102, 7, 80; skins in
fur-trade, 6, 108.Morchella esculenta. See Mushrooms.
Morgan, B. R., member of American Philosophical
Society, 7, 406.Morris, Robert, subscriber to Michaux expedition,
7, 205.Morrison, William, aids expedition, 6, 269,
7, 288, 299.Mosquitoes, troublesome, 1, 51–53, 56, 90,
91, 95, 96, 98, 101, 104, 106–108, 111,
146, 161, 291, 292, 294, 2, 64, 66, 188, 203,
204, 214, 216, 221, 223, 225, 226, 228, 229,
235, 241, 247, 251, 254, 256, 257, 259, 261,
262, 266, 270, 271, 282, 287, 296, 324, 3,
291, 292, 4, 246, 247, 5, 132, 146, 148, 181,
183, 185, 192, 201, 204, 205, 211, 216, 238,
239, 246, 257, 259, 315, 316, 318, 322–324,
330, 349, 358, 370, 372, 373, 375, 377, 379,
380, 385, 6, 171, 187, 196, 211, 213, 216,
220, 221, 224, 227, 229, 7, 35, 49, 58, 108,
112–114, 116, 119, 131, 132, scarce, 5,
205, 325, 337, 363, 368, 382; insect resembles,
6, 209; nets, 1, 52, 2, 197–199,
228, 235, 256, 257, 296, 358.Mounts—
Adams, locality, 3, 135; mistaken for St.
Helens, 3, 135; Clark sights, 4, 238.Coffin, location, 4, 206, 208; origin of
name, 3 205, 4, 206; expedition passes, 3,
203, 205, 206.Hood, sketch, 3, 193; location, 3, 191–
194, 4, 226, 227, 239; Indian name, 3, 159,
161; streams of, 3, 190, 4, 226–228, 230,
279, 281, 287, 308, 336, 338, 364, 366; snow
on, 3, 168, 171, 192, 4, 376, 7, 187; cold
winds, 4, 320; sighted, 3, 131, 161, 164, 4,
220, 238, 313, 315, 7, 186, 258; astronomical
observation at, 4, 313, 315.Jefferson, described, 4, 255; streams of,
4, 241, 308, 336, 338, 364, 366, 6, 118;
sighted, 4, 223, 238, 313, 315; sketch of, 4,
254; astronomical observation at, 4, 313,
315.Marcy, height, 5, 167; expedition on, 5,
167.Rainier, visible, 3, 249; mistaken for
St. Helens, 3, 269; expedition sights, 6,
22.St. Helens, origin of name, 3, 198; described,
3, 195, 196; shape, 4, 255; sighted,
3, 132, 135, 199, 250, 269, 4, 220, 238, 7, 187;
sketch, 3, 198.Vancouver. See Hood.
Mountains—
Bald, camp on, 3, 70.
Barn, trend, 2, 119.
Belt, streams of, 2, 166.
Big Belt (Girdle), chain of Rockies, 2,
270.Big Horn, location, 5, 256, 274; identified,
5, 293; described, 5, 295.Bitter Root, origin of name, 3, 13; described,
5, 246; animals of, 3, 30; beargrass
on, 4, 24; Indian boundary, 3, 78;
trails, 2, 335, 3, 32; expedition crosses, 1,
xxxii, 3, 52, 7, 418.Black (Côte Noir), location, 1, 130; divide
between Kansas and Colorado, 1, 60;
streams of, 1, 139, 175, 182, 183, 198, 298,
300, 5, 297, 307, 6, 35, 41, 46–48, 51, 7, 315,
316; artesian waters, 5, 380; timber, 6,
269; game, 1, 197, 290, 4, 96, 98, 6, 131,
177; rumbling of, 2, 177, 223; clarity of
atmosphere, 2, 68; extent, 2, 67; Indians
in, 1, 176, 220, 6, 100–102; expedition, 2,
67, 80, 82, 109; Le Page, 1, 216.Blue, trend, 4, 336, 338; streams, 4, 336,
338; expedition sights, 3, 116, 117, 122,
125.Bridger, location, 5, 265.
Cascade, watershed, 3, 192, 4, 336, 338;
streams of, 3, 177; timber, 3, 172; plants, 4,
24, 49, 50; animals, 4, 73, 76; Indians, 4,
50; sighted by expedition, 3, 135.Crazy, described, 5, 265.
Dauphin, Indians on, 6, 106.
Eagle, fur-trade post on, 6, 106.
Fort (Square Butte), described, 2, 231,
233; location, 5, 194; named, 7, 115; road,
5, 331; horses on, 5, 200; expedition at, 6,
28, 72.Haystack Butte (Heart, Sishequaw), described,
5, 195, 196, 6, 27.Highwood, streams of, 2, 162.
Little Rockies, sighted, 2, 48, 50, 63,
65; described, 2, 48, 50, 63.Meadow, camp on, 5, 162.
North, trend of, 2, 119, 133; expedition
sights, 6, 8.Rattlesnake, rattlesnakes on, 5, 257;
Clark, 5, 256.Romeo, divide, 5, 140.
Rocky, described, 5, 136, 137, 214, 265;
origin of Indian name 2, 176, 210; distance
from Fort Mandan, 2, 200; from
mouth of Missouri, 6, 60, 63, 65; trend, 2,
229, 236; ranges, 2, 67, 82, 6, 9, 13, 27, ,
49152, 54, 55, 60, 64, 7, 320; peaks, 2, 79, 81;
height, 2, 236, 7, 116, 117, 120, 144; climate,
5, 11, 39, 41, 46, 77, 78; character
of soil, 5, 11, 136; country described, 5,
77; clouds on, 2, 176; snow, 2, 79, 81, 82,
144, 176, 255, 259, 4, 369, 371, 5, 39, 53,
169, 250, 263, 271, 275, 293, 294, 302, 6,
73, 74, 76, 78, 217, 7, 148, 149, 151, 152,
154, 156–158, 337, 338, 349; streams of,
1, 339, 341, 2, 51, 54, 98, 114, 115, 134–
136, 230, 234, 240, 269, 322, 3, 60, 4, 69,
71, 5, 207, 297, 308, 320, 6, 40, 51, 53, 54,
72, 7, 312, 314; mineral resources, 2, 326;
plants, 1, 356, 4, 3, 16, 17, 21, 25, 5, 119,
120, 122, 124, 128, 6, 141, 211; timber
scarce, 2, 243, 251, 255, 382, 7, 163, 164;
birds, 4, 27, 29, 121, 122, 130–134, 158, 159,
5, 70, 73, 75, 76, 82, 205; animals, 4, 73,
76, 78, 83, 84, 87, 95, 97, 104, 105, 107, 113,
114, 117, 119, 126, 149, 150, 155, 160, 161,
254, 260, 274–276, 5, 87, 89, 189, 246, 302,
382; game scarce, 1, 237, 281, 2, 76, 241,
243, 279, 364, 366, 380–383, 7, 125, 316;
rumbling in, 2, 176, 177, 210, 211, 223;
theory of, 2, 223; Indians on, 1, 210, 219,
220, 269, 318, 319, 2, 95, 341, 374, 381, 3,
19, 4, 70, 229, 231, 311, 363, 367, 5, 105,
106, 124, 128, 187, 222, 340, 6, 96, 102, 106,
107, 111, 113–115, 119, 120, 7, 74, 339,
348, 385; number west of, 5, 133; Indian
trails, 2, 235, 245, 247, 249, 250, 252, 263,
273, 275, 334, 335, 337, 353, 360, 380–382,
4, 68–72, 5, 28, 140–143, 148, 150, 152,
164, 166–171, 174, 180, 185, 188, 255, 264,
268, 7, 145, 146, 339–342; Bozeman's, 2,
335, 5, 260; Bridger's, 5, 260; Cadotte's,
5, 185; Clark's, 7, 419; Gibbon's, 2, 335,
5, 249; Lemhi, 2, 335; Lolo, 2, 335, 5,
140, 249, 7, 143–169; Lewis and Clark,
2, 335, 4, 68, 70, 5, 185, 194, 195, 6, 24,
28, 62, 69, 72–74, 7, 418; character of
pass, 6, 73; difficulties, 7, 334, 339, 349;
season for, 3, 350, 351, 6, 74; length, 7,
339; Fidler explores, 2, 134; sighted, 2,
79, 81, 82, 7, 85, 87; expedition desires to
reach, 2, 17; at entrance, 2, 248, 251, 326,
6, 10, 63, 7, 115, 416; crosses, 3, 45–106,
4, 286, 288, 5, 15, 18, 46, 47, 52, 53, 55,
98, 101, 103–105, 114–182, 6, 23, 7, 155;
Clark on, 5, 181, 282, 286, 319; Lewis, 5,
49, 238, 331; climate severe, 7, 148, 149,
157; rich in furs, 7, 335; site for post,
5, 321, 6, 266; settlements west, 4, 220;
maps, 2, 132, 4, 68, 70, 5, 5, 9; astronomical
observation taken, 5, 267.Rosebud (Wolf or Cheetish) Range,
Sighted, 5, 293.Saddle, location, 4, 137; covered with
snow, 3, 284, 285; Lewis and Clark River
heads in, 3, 285; expedition sights, 3, 207,
209.Sishequaw. See Haystack Butte.
Snow, winds from, 2, 204, 208, 210;
streams, 271, 292; sighted, 2, 141, 194;
expedition on, 6, 6, 473, 7, 98.South, trend of, 2, 8, 106, 107, 113, 119,
133, 135; streams, 2, 171.South Boulder, range of Rockies, 2, 292.
Stony, explored, 7, 258.
Three Buttes (Sweetgrass Hills, Tower),
sighted, 2, 123; trend of, 2, 133; described,
5, 209.Turtle, location, 1, 6, 299, 300; streams
of, 6, 50, 51; Indians on, 6, 91.Wind River, Vérendrye sights, 1, xvii.
Wolf. See Rosebud.
Mountain cock. See Heath-cock.
—holly, 4, 62, 63.
Mulberries, on Missouri, 1, 54, 57, 82, 95,
5, 384, 6, 140, 174, 7, 8.Mulberry Hill, Clark estate, 1, xxvii.
Mules, owned by Indians, 3, 5, 4, 74, 77, 5,
341, 6, 64, 89, 102, 103, 107; prized, 2, 372,
374, 375, 3, 28, 4, 74, 77; price, 3, 28;
expedition use, 5, 147, 153, 387, 388, 7,
140.Mullanphy, John, account of expedition, 7,
348.Mullan, Lieut. John, explores Lolo trail,
3, 64.Mullets. See Suckers.
Multnomah Indians, habitat, 3, 198, 4, 219,
221, 6, 116; numbers, 6, 116; expedition
among, 4, 219, 221.Mungo skins, Indian robes of, 4, 185, 189.
Murray, Captain—, Jefferson mentions, 7,
217.—, J. A. H., New English Dictionary, 2,
197.Mushrooms (Morchella esculenta), described,
5, 147.Muskrats, on Missouri, 1, 321, 2, 278, 320,
321, 7, 122; skins in fur-trade, 6, 84, 85,
92, 93, 105.Mussels, habitat, 1, 110, 4, 160, 161, 174;
Margaritana margaritifera, 5, 30.Mustard, location, 5, 108, 110.
Mustela pennanti. See Martens.
Mylochilus caurinus. See Chubbs.
Myrrh, location, 3, 52.
Mytilus edulis. See Clams.
Nach-toch Indians, habitat, 3, 184.
Nacota Mahtopanarto (Big Devils, Gens
492des grande diable) Indians, Assiniboin
tribe, described, 6, 104, 105; habitat, 6,
105; numbers, 6, 104; fur-trade, 6, 105.Nacota Oseegah (Gens des fees, or Girls,
Gens des Tees) Indians, described, 6, 104,
105; habitat, 6, 104; numbers, 6, 104;
fur-trade, 6, 104.Nansen, Fridjof, explorer, 1, xli.
Nappashscannamahna, Sioux chief, 6, 99.
Nashville (Tenn.), Dickson at, 7, 214;
Lewis, 1, xxxviii.Nasturtium obtusum; N. sessiliflorum; N.
sinuatum, identified, 6, 141.Natchez (Chitenachas) Indians, Clark's note
on, 6, 113.—Road, Lewis on, 7, 389.
Natchies, Indian tribe of Southwest coast,
3, 341.Natchitoches (La.), Spaniards in, 5, 375.
National Intelligencer (Wash.), 7, 282, 348.
Natti, Indian tribe of Southwest coast, 3,
341.Navigator, 1, lxxxvi.
Nebraska City (Nebr.), expedition near
site, 1, 85.—State Historical Society, 1, 94; University,
1, 119.Nechacolee (Nechacokee) Indians, habitat,
4, 236, 6, 68, 116; numbers, 6, 116.Necketo Indians, habitat, 6, 117; numbers,
6, 117.Necohundah, Sioux chief, 6, 99.
Ne-cost, Indian tribe of Southwest coast,
3, 341.Needles, in Indian trade, 1, 169, 256, 4, 92,
94, 5, 52, 53, 339.Neeley, Maj.—, Indian agent, with Lewis,
7, 389.Neerchokioo (Neerchekioo) Indians, tribe
of Shahala, habitat, 6, 116; numbers, 6,
116; houses, 4, 236; canoes described, 4,
236, 237; superstitions, 4, 237; Clark
among, 4, 236, 237, 240.Neeshneparkkeook. see Cut Nose.
Neeswarunja, Oto chief, visits expedition, 1,
113.Neighing Horse. See Minnissurraree.
Nelumbo lutea (Graine de Votais, Pois
de Shicoriat, Pokishacomah, Swanroot,
Wabbissakin), described, 6, 137, 138, 140;
Indians eat, 6, 137, 138.Nemalquinner Indians, tribe of Multnomah,
habitat, 6, 116; numbers, 6, 116.Nemousin Indians, described, 6, 102; habitat,
6, 101, 102; numbers, 6, 102; fur-trade,
6, 102.Nenasawa. See Black Cat.
Neotoma cinerea; N. floridana. See Rats.
Nereocystis lutkeana. See Seaweed.
Nettle (Urtica lyallii, Wats), on Columbia,
3, 204, 205, 6, 210.New France, exploration of, 1, xvii.
New Madrid, Indians near, 6, 112.
New Mexico, mountains in, 5, 320; Spaniards
in, 5, 99; traders, 5, 388; site for
post, 6, 107, 108.New Northwest Company. See X Y
Company.New Orleans, fish near, 1, 110; on Chouteau's
chart, 7, 300; Spanish in, 1, xix, 5,
392; transferred to United States, 7, 281,
392; land office, 5, 391; collector, 7, 255,
322.New Spain, McClallan in, 5, 387.
New York City, Hamilton in, 5, 375; Hays,
5, 394; McClallan, 5, 387; British in
harbor, 5, 375; Public Library, 1, lxii.—Historical Society, owns editions, 1,
lxii; Whitehouse journal, 1, lv, lvi.—State Library (Albany), owns editions,
1, lxii.Newastarton (Big Waters Town), Sioux
tribe, habitat, 1, 133.Newell, Prof.—, aid acknowledged, 5, 380.
Newman, John, with expedition, 1, 11, 7,
26; disciplined, 1, 12; in Floyd's mess,
1, 30; member of court martial, 1, 61;
hunter, 1, 134, 7, 58; court martialled, 1,
191–193, 216, 7, 356; horses stolen, 1,
261, 262; account with, 7, 4; services to
expedition, 7, 356, 357; pay, 7, 360, 361.Nez Percé (Aheowar, Ayauwais, Ayauway,
Ayaways, dis Iaway, Chopunnish) Indians,
Shahaptian tribe: origin of name, 3, 144;
sketch, 3, 78, 6, 91, 92; habitat, 2, 380,
3, 78, 81–83, 94, 98–101, 106–113, 128,
4, 49, 51, 73, 76, 87, 90, 92, 229, 231, 289,
317, 318, 354–356, 358, 361, 364, 366, 5,
94, 110, 112, 6, 65, 92, 96, 97, 114, 119;
different tribes, 3, 142, 144, 5, 117, 6,
115; numbers, 4, 359, 361, 6, 91, 114, 115;
language, 3, 78, 103, 106, 4, 317, 319, 363,
365, 5, 19, 21, 90–93, 148; physical
characteristics, 3, 78, 105, 106, 5, 29, 31,
32, 180; cleanly, 5, 20, 22; mental, 5, 30,
32; thievish, 3, 99; lodges described, 3,
86, 98, 104, 112, 4, 358, 359, 361, 5, 41, 7,
162; food, 3, 80, 4, 252, 254, 354, 356, 5,
20, 22, 23, 79, 7, 161, 162; preparation of
quamash, 5, 124, 128; dress, 3, 78, 105, 4,
284, 285, 303, 305, 317, 319, 363, 365;
described, 5, 30, 32; leggings and moccasins,
4, 280, 282; ornaments, 3, 78, 105,
4934, 303, 305, 371, 372; of beads, 3, 92, 4,
372, 5, 30, 32; brass, 5, 30, 32; , 5,
32; shells, 5, 30, 32; wampum, 4, 372;
useful articles preferred, 5, 30, 32; hairdressing,
3, 105, 4, 372, 5, 31, 32; headdress,
5, 30, 32; caps, 5, 31; collars, 4,
372; breast-plates, 4, 372; how made, 5,
30, 31; utensils, 5, 23, 79; poverty of, 4,
353, 355, 5, 46, 48; horses, 3, 89, 104, 4,
73, 74, 76, 77, 340–343; diseases, 3, 106,
5, 20–22, 26–28; care of sick, 5, 68, 69,
72; manners and customs: treatment of
women, 4, 340–343, 355, 357; slavery
among, 4, 328; extract beard, 5, 29, 32;
amusements, 3, 105; foot racing, 5, 180,
182; horse-racing, 5, 180, 182; riding, 5,
30, 32; shooting, 5, 30, 32; gambling, 5,
26, 27, 30, 32; feasting, 5, 79; singing,
5, 33, 36; councils, 5, 23, 26, 28, 78, 79,
110, 112; burial customs, 3, 109, 4,
366, 367, 369, 371, 5, 99, 101; graves
described, 5, 99; sacrifices to dead, 5, 99,
101, 102; wailing, 5, 23, 79; occupations,
3, 105, 106; root gatherers, 4, 354, 356;
fishermen, 3, 108, 109, 111, 112, 4, 354,
356, 5, 22, 7, 164, 166, 170, 171, 173; hunting,
3, 107, 109, 117, 5, 46, 48; trappers
among, 5, 162; fur-trade, 6, 92; relations
with other tribes: war parties, 3, 77–79,
85, 86, 89; trails, 2, 382, 3, 65; enemies,
6, 108; allies, 5, 21, 28, 6, 93; war with
Chocomish, 5, 31; Columbia River
Indians, 3, 152, 156, 5, 30; Minitaree,
3, 81; Shoshoni, 5, 24, 27, 28, 106, 107,
150, 152, 158; expedition among, 3, 85,
90, 91, 93, 102, 104, 4, 228, 229, 231, 232,
235, 251, 252, 254, 296, 309, 5, 3, 17, 19,
33–36, 75, 77, 111, 113, 121, 122, 144, 145,
188, 7, 161, 162, 417; Clark meets, 3, 77,
79, 93, 94; alarmed at white men, 3, 77,
79, 83; plot against expedition, 3, 83;
steal from Fields, 3, 85; Clark trades
with, 3, 85, 86, 92; camp near expedition,
3, 88, 89; aids shipwrecked crew, 3, 99,
113, 115; woman feigns madness, 3, 100,
101, 7, 168, 169; furnish geographical
information, 3, 117, 5, 93, 94, 150, 152;
care for horses of explorers, 3, 94, 4,
229, 231, 7, 166; council with, 5, 19, 21,
22; guide accompanies expedition, 3,
100, 102, 104, 111, 112, 117, 151, 152, 158,
4, 315, 319, 321, 322, 341, 343, 344, 346,
358, 361, 367, 369, 5, 110, 112, 7, 161–171;
presents to, 5, 180; presents from, 5, 19,
20, 23, 27; accompany Lewis, 5, 162–164;
chiefs invited to Washington, 5, 25, 79,
80, 105, 106, 110, 146; mission for, 3, 103;
reservation, 5, 33; educated Indians, 5,
14; in battle of Cañon Creek (1877), 5,
289; sick chief doctored, 5, 61–63, 65–68,
72, 75, 77, 80, 82, 86, 89, 103, 104, 107, 108,
117, 118.Nez Percé County (Ida.), expedition in, 5,
33.Nez Percé trail, northern. See Lolo Trail.
Nicholson, G. B., map of, 5, 140, 162, 165,
167.Nicotiana quadrivalvis. See Tobacco.
Night-hawk (goat-sucker), described, 2, 200;
habitat, 6, 190.Nightingales (Daulias luscinia), habitat, 1,
38.Nitre, given to Sacajawea, 2, 172.
Nixon,—, subscriber to Michaux expedition,
7, 205.Nocktosh, fork of Columbia. See yakima.
Noota Indians, Crow tribe, 6, 103.
Nootarwau (Hill climbers) Indians, habitat,
1, 190; language, 1, 190.Nootka Sound, canoes on, 4, 199; fur-trade
stations on, 1, xvii, xxii, xxiii, 4, 64, 7,
228, 251; first post at, 3, 327; vessels
trading to, 3, 327, 344.Norcarte, Chinook chief, 3, 294.
Nordenskjöld, Nils Adolf Erik, explorer, 1,
xli.Norris, J. P., member of American Philosophical
Society, 7, 405, 406.North Head (Point Lewis), Clark's first
view of, 3, 235, 236; light-house on, 3,
236; expedition at, 6, 70.North West Company, sketch, 1, 206;
rival of Hudson's Bay, 1, xviii, 206;
amalgamates with X Y, 1, 268; monopoly
of trade, 6, 51, 7, 376–378, 385; arm
Indians, 2, 341, 7, 325; trade routes, 7,
335; posts, 1, 5, 215, 248, 2, 88, 92, 98,
99, 5, 286, 6, 51, 52, 91, 269, 7, 316, 335,
379; agents, 1, 252, 269, 272; traders, 4,
127, 138, 283, 285, 5, 329; trade with
Algonkin, 6, 110, 111; Assiniboin, 6,
104, 105; Fall, 6, 106; Chippewa, 6,
108–110; Mandan, 6, 89; traders meet
expedition, 1, 227, 234, 238, 241, 266, 280,
282, 5, 350, 7, 71, 75, 307; letter to, 7,
307.Northern Lights, described, 1, 218; seen
by expedition, 6, 172, 179, 227.Northern Pacific Railway, route, 2, 301, 3,
204, 5, 189, 260–262, 288, 290, 314; branch
lines, 2, 271, 292; bridges, 1, 201, 267, 3,
124; surveyors, 5, 193; protects Clark
inscription, 5, 293.Northwest coast, early explorations of, 3,
226; trading posts, 1, 206, 3, 327; vessels,
4, 193, 194; Clark visits and describes, 3,
231–238.—Territory, Armstrong treasurer of, 7,
198; boundary disputes, 2, 131.Norton, Peter, subscribes for Journals, 7,
363.Nutcracker (Nucifraga columbiana), See
Crow: Clark's.Nuts, on Missouri, 1, 46; as present, 3,
173, 175, 185.Nuttallia cerasiformis. See Fringetree.
Nymphæa reniformis (N. tuberosa, castalia
tuberosa), Indian name for, 6, 139; Indians
eat, 6, 139, 140.Oaks, described, 1, 150; location, 1, 7, 39,
54, 82, 88, 95, 4, 207, 209, 219, 5, 380, 388,
6, 43, 140, 141, 155, 158, 7, 181, 182, 185,
187, 349; white : location, 3, 143, 145, 157,
159, 161, 162, 168–170, 172, 174, 195, 197,
4, 104, 106, 204, 205, 5, 373, 6, 140, 141,
214; Indians worship, 1, 201; council
held under, 1, 129. See also Quercus.Oasesechar, Sioux chief, 6, 99.
Oatlaschute Indians, See Flatheads.
Oatlashoot Valley, distance from River
Jefferson to, 6, 77; on route to Pacific,
6, 78.Obsidian. See Natural Glass.
Ocono, Tillamook chief, 3, 295.
Ochre, yellow, location, 6, 141.
hemionus. See Deer: mule.
O'Fallon,—, creek named for, 5, 312.
—, James, letter to Jonathan Clark, 1,
xxviii.Ohharh. See Little Fox.
Ohheenar. See Big Man.
Ohio, Indians in, 1, xxviii, 281.
Okhâh Ahzhah. See River White Earth.
Old South 1, lxxxix.
Old woman at a distance. See Loconggartihar.
Olor columbianus. See Swans: whistling.
Olthen, Indian name for dried anchovies,
4, 200.Omadi (Nebr.), location, 1, 109.
Omaha (Maha, Mahar, Maharha, La Mar,
Ohmarha) Indians, Siouan tribe: sketch,
6, 88; habitat, 1, 34, 44, 99, 103, 109, 110,
115, 116, 123, 124, 203, 5, 366, 6, 44, 45,
58, 61, 87, 88, 122, 140, 149, 156, 250, 7,
189, 190; deserted villages, 7, 25, 26, 49;
numbers, 1, 110, 220, 6, 87, 88, 7, 315;
small-pox decimates, 1, 106, 107, 110,
6, 88, 7, 25, 26; language, 6, 85, 87,
88; geographical names, 1, 79; hunting
among, 1, 109, 110, 5, 377; agriculture, 1,
109, 7, 26; care of horses, 5, 358; burial
customs, 1, 110; death of chief, 7, 25, 49;
Black Bird's burial place, 1, 106, 6, 58;
belief in devils, 1, 119; relations with
other tribes : enemies, 6, 88, 97; alliance
with Mandan, 7, 304; war with Missouri,
1, 98, 102; Oto, 1, 98, 102, 111, 112,
7, 26; Pawnee, 1, 126, 6, 86, 88; unite
with Ponca, 1, 29, 140, 6, 47; war with
Teton, 1, 167–169, 7, 64; traders and
trappers among, 5, 366, 381, 382, 384,
386; McClellan, 5, 376; expedition, 1,
109, 169, 5, 341, 376, 6, 271, 7, 415;
Dorion to arrange peace, 1, 132; information
of Teton attack, 1, 170; trade
with, 1, 34, 6, 43, 87, 7, 379; trading
posts, 1, 99, 100, 5, 371; reservation, 1,
109.Omaha (Nebr.), location, 1, 98.
Ompsehara. See Black Moccasin.
Oncorhyncus chavicha, or quinnat; O. gorbuscha;
O. kita; O. kisutch; O. nerka.
See Salmon.One Arm, Arikara chief, 5, 354.
On his Guard (Warchapa), Teton chief,
meets expedition, 1, 169.Onions (Allium cernuum; A. tolmiei), described,
5, 88, 90; location, 2, 259, 263,
3, 36, 4, 213, 5, 41, 43, 7, 119; flavor, 6,
211; Indians eat, 4, 288, 289; expedition,
1, 298, 302, 304; as remedy, 5, 56, 58–
60, 62, 64, 66, 67, 103, 104; antidote, 5,
41; present, 5, 384.Ontario, Northern and Western Boundaries
of, 1, 65.Opelousas (La.), Indians near, 6, 113.
Opium, as remedy, 2, 164, 5, 246.
Opossums, habitat, 6, 122.
Opulaster malvaccus, Greene. See Elder.
Opuntia Missouriensis; O. polyacantha. See
Prickly-pear.Ord, George, zoölogist, 6, 121, 7, 421.
Ordway, Mrs. E., grandniece of John, 7,
298.—John, sergeant, with expedition, 1,
11–13, 279, 284, 287, 7, 331, 357; in
command, 1, 8–10; orderly sergeant, 1,
13–15; mess, 1, 30, 31, 33, 71: guard,
1, 76; on court martial, 1, 19, 20, 192;
messenger to Omaha, 1, 109; visits
Spirit Mound, 1, 121; quarrel with Mandan,
1, 225, 239; in charge of boats, 2,
180, 181, 220–222, 227, 229, 5, 176, 234,
256, 259, 368, 7, 172; takes course and
distance, 2, 231; cares for Wiser, 3, 28;
495accompanies Clark, 3, 229–238; vote on
wintering place, 3, 246; lost, 3, 281; illness,
3, 287, 4, 95, 97, 98; at salt works,
4, 84, 85, 87, 88, 92, 94; procures supplies,
4, 45, 49–51, 53, 163, 165, 245, 246;
commands division, 4, 277, 278, 5, 378,
379; messenger, 2, 260, 4, 243, 244, 7,
115; trade with Indians, 4, 297, 299, 5,
53, 54, 56; fisherman, 5, 68, 71, 95, 97,
99, 102; explores Salmon River, 5, 100,
103; hunter, 5, 233, 234, 7, 57, 83, 86;
recognizes Clark's camp, 5, 237; searches
for horses, 5, 252, 255; for wood, 5, 349;
creek named for, 2, 244; pay, 7, 360,
361; entries in "Orderly Book," 1, 8;
letter to parents, 7, 298; journal, 1, xxxiv,
xliv, xlv, 7, 416; Clark purchases, 1, xl,
7, 405, 406, 408, 409; lost, 1, l, li.Oregon, mountains in, 4, 336; Indians, 2,
345, 4, 255; Dorion's squaw, 5, 371;
first settlers, 4, 138, 5, 350; United
States' claim to, 3, 211; Great Britain's,
3, 226.—City (Ore.), site, 3, 193.
"—grape," described, 4, 61, 62; drawing
of leaf, 4, 62.—Historical Society, owns medal, 3, 94;
Proceedings, 3, 271, 309, 4, 138; Quarterly,
4, 138.—Railway and Navigation Company,
passes over portage, 3, 148.Oreortyn picta. See Quail.
Osage (Barhacha, Grand Osage, Little
Osage, Ose, Osarge) Indians, habitat, 1,
36, 38, 43, 49, 50, 6, 83–85; numbers, 1,
38, 6, 83, 84; language, 1, 93, 132, 6, 83–
85, 89; prize eagle feathers, 4, 159, 160;
salines of, 7, 300; war excursions, 7,
300; enemies, 6, 32, 57, 86, 92, 112, 147,
268, 6, 32; allies, 6, 83, 84; war with
Sauk, 1, 41; Missouri with, 7, 11; traders
among, 5, 389, 390; C. Chouteau among,
7, 294, 299; P. Chouteau, 7, 295, 296;
trade with Spaniards, 7, 370; fur-trade,
1, 34, 36, 56, 6, 83, 84; expedition among,
6, 238, 7, 6; furnish information, 6, 159;
return with expedition, 7, 349, 350.—orange (apple; arrowwood; Toxylon
pomiferum, Raf.), described, 6, 153, 7,
296; location, 6, 140, 172; wood used
for arrows, 7, 296; cutting sent back, 7,
295.—plum, described, 7, 295; location, 1,
46, 75, 6, 172; cutting sent back, 7, 295.Osier (red), mixed with tobacco, 1, 166.
Ossiniboin Indians, See Assiniboin.
Ostyra Virginica, identified, 6, 140.
Otaharton Indians, Sioux tribe, 6, 99.
Oto (Otteaus, Otteauze, Souttoes, Wardoketartar,
la zoto) Indians, Siouan
tribe: habitat, 1, 47, 86, 87, 91, 99, 5, 20,
6, 41, 58, 85, 7, 20, 23, 314; numbers, 1,
97, 6, 85; language, 6, 85, 91; dress, 1,
112; belief in devils, 1, 119; raise watermelons,
1, 97; hunt buffalo, 1, 86, 89,
92; hunting grounds, 1, 74; relations with
other tribes: allies, 6, 84, 85; enemies,
6, 86, 87; alliance with Mandan, 7, 304;
with Missouri, 1, 97, 6, 86; war with
Omaha, 1, 98, 102, 111, 112, 7, 26; with
Pawnee, 1, 112; traders among, 5, 386,
387, 390, 7, 384; trade, 1, 78, 6, 43, 85,
7, 382; La Liberte sent to, 1, 98; Dorion
to arrange peace, 1, 132; expedition
among, 1, 186; chiefs sent for, 1, 88–90,
93, 96; council, 1, 97, 111–114, 7, 23, 45,
47, 50; presents exchanged, 1, 97, 112,
6, 160; return with deserter, 7, 26, 50;
salt secured from, 6, 160.Otters, in Missouri, 2, 145, 225, 248, 263,
265, 273, 275, 278, 280, 306, 309, 320, 332,
5, 211, 256, 259, 260, 320, 6, 269, 7, 120,
335, 336; in River Philosophy, 2, 290; in
Lemhi, 2, 334; in Columbia, 3, 149, 150,
4, 73, 76, 96, 98, 194, 349, 350, 7, 177, 178,
186, 187; food, 2, 225; Indians prize,
3, 169, 171; hunt, 3, 347, 349; expedition
hunt, 1, 202, 305, 2, 207, 208, 225, 226,
231, 233, 248, 260, 278, 332, 333, 3, 307,
308, 318, 336, 4, 181, 183, 194, 341, 343,
7, 110, 115, 117, 118, 122, 132; as food,
4, 342; skins: in Indian dress, 2, 378, 3,
6, 10, 105; head bands, 3, 154, 4, 269,
272, 5, 30, 32; ornaments, 5, 356; breast
plate, 4, 372; quivers, 3, 21; in fur-trade,
2, 384, 3, 54, 207, 208, 328, 345, 4, 196, 6,
83–88, 90, 92–96, 100, 102, 105, 108–111;
skin brought back, 7, 337.Ovis montana. See Sheep: Rocky Mountain.
Owls, hooting, described, 1, 308, 5, 59, 60;
habitat, 2, 52, 53, 4, 130, 131, 216, 5, 384,
6, 229; expedition kills, 1, 308, 311;
great grey (Scotiaptex cinera, Syrnium
cinereum), described, 5, 76, 77.Oxalis oregona. See Sorrel.
Oyipe Prairie. See Quamash Flats.
Ozash Indians, Sioux tribe, 6, 99.
Pacific Ocean, route from Missouri to, 4,
69–71, 6, 56, 74, 7, 334, 338, 339, 346;
outlet of Columbia, 4, 70; Cape Disappointment
on, 6, 70; color of water, 3,
234; character, 3, 262, 263; Clark's first
view, 3, 207, 210; sound heard, 3, 210,258, 262, 263; encampment near, 3, 224;
expedition on, 4, 181, 182, 5, 284, 344;
Coast: plants, 4, 173, 174; birds of, 4,
121, 122, 132, 134; animals, 4, 84, 86, 88,
153, 368, 371, 5, 91, 93; Indians, 4, 367;
fur-trade, 4, 74, 77; traders, 4, 181–183.Pacific Railroad, surveys of, 4, 109.
Packsaddles, expedition makes, 2, 376, 4,
288, 290, 291, 300, 316, 319, 321, 7, 138;
French and Spanish, 3, 31.Paduca (Catlarkah, Padonces, Padoo) Indians,
sketch, 6, 108; habitat, 1, 190, 6,
108; numbers, 6, 108; language, 1, 190,
6, 102; tribes, 7, 316; enemies of Pawnee,
6, 86; fur-trade, 6, 108.Pahkee, Shoshoni word for enemy, 3, 12.
See also Minitaree Indians.Pahshishenooks, Indian name for whites,
4, 185, 190.Pailsh Indians, habitat, 6, 70, 118; numbers,
6, 118.Paint, Indians manufacture, 2, 265, 6, 49,
161; decoration, 1, 130, 5, 356; in trade,
1, 98, 226, 228, 2, 331, 339, 4, 305, 5, 287,
302.Painted Rock (Mont.), location, 2, 272.
Paiute Indians, Shoshonean tribe, 2, 345.
Palladium (Frankfort, Ky.), 7, 348.
Palmer, Edward, "Food Products of North
American Indians," 3, 13.Paloos (Palletepaller, Pallotepaller, Pellatepaller)
Indians, habitat, 6, 114, 7, 341;
numbers, 6, 114; expedition meets, 5,
117, 187, 7, 341.Paltsits, Victor Hugo, aid acknowledged,
1, lviii; "Bibliographical Data," 1, xlvi,
lxi–xciii.Pan-Handle (W. Va), History, 1, 117.
Pandion haliætos carolinensis. See Hawks:
fishing.Panthers, described, 7, 126; habitat, 4,
73, 75, 113–115; feed on deer, 2, 316, 318,
3, 270, 7, 83; expedition encounters, 2,
39, 40, 304–306, 7, 83; skins: as robes, 3,
10, 4, 185, 189; purchased, 3, 288.Pantosteus jordani, described, 5, 266.
Papaws (Asimina triloba), location, 5, 382,
384, 6, 140, 141; as food, 5, 388, 389;
expedition gathers, 5, 385.Pape,—, accidently killed, 7, 16.
Pareescar Indians, Crow tribe, 6, 103.
Parker, Samuel, Journal, 3, 144, 4, 328.
Parney, John, Lewis's servant, 7, 389.
Paroquets, on Missouri, 1, 59.
Partizan, Teton chief, meets expedition, 1,
164.Partridge, See Quail.
Pasco (Wash.), Clark visits site of, 3, 124.
Passes: Big Hole, 3, 50, 250; Bozeman's,
2, 335, 5, 260; Bridger's, 5, 260; Cadotte's,
5, 185; Clark's, 7, 419; Gibbon's,
2, 335, 5, 249; Hellgate Cañon, 5, 189;
Lemhi, 2, 335; Lolo, 2, 335, 5, 140, 249,
7, 143–169; Lewis and Clark's, 2, 335,
4, 68, 70, 5, 185, 194, 195, 6, 24, 28, 62,
69, 72–74, 7, 418; Maria's, 5, 214.Passheco. See Quamash.
Patah City (Wash.), location, 4, 351.
Patterson, Robert, interest in expedition, 7,
218, 395; advises Lewis, 6, 231, 7, 221,
223, 224; instructions submitted to, 7,
224; astronomical data submitted to, 7,
405, 406.Paunch (Allakaweah, Gens de Panse, Keehatsa)
Indians, Crow tribe, 5, 297; sketch,
6, 103, 104; habitat, 6, 103; numbers, 6,
103, 104; relations with Minitaree, 5,
348; fur-trade, 5, 321, 6, 103.Paviotso Indians, Shoshonean tribe, 2, 345.
Pawnee (Loos, Loup, Lou, Panea, Pania,
Parnee, Paunee, Skeeeree, Wolf) Indians,
sketch, 6, 87, 112; Clark's note on, 6,
112; habitat, 1, 34, 75, 86, 87, 99, 139,
172, 5, 360, 6, 39, 41, 86, 87, 112, 7, 20,
45, 314; numbers, 6, 86, 87, 112, 7, 314;
language, 1, 95, 5, 366, 6, 86, 87; different
tribes, 6, 43, 86, 87; hunt buffalo, 1,
86, 89; have horses and mules, 5, 388;
relations with other tribes: enemies, 5,
347, 6, 86, 97, 112; allies, 6, 85, 86, 88;
among Arikara, 1, 188, 232; war with
Mandan, 1, 220, 229, 230, 7, 306; with
Omaha, 1, 126; Oto, 1, 112; Sioux, 7,
316; traders among, 5, 381, 386, 387;
Trudeau with, 1, 142; fur-trade, 1, 34,
78, 6, 43, 86, 7, 380; expedition among,
1, 48, 89, 90; tell of rumbling in Rockies,
2, 223; presents for, 6, 270; Dorion to
arrange peace, 1, 132.Pawnawneahpahbe. See Struck by the
Pawnee.Peaches, location, 6, 172, 173; dried, Indian
name for, 3, 78.Peale, Charles W., interest in Western
exploration, 7, 204; museum, 6, 121;
has mammoth specimen, 7, 276; drawings
for journals, 7, 394.Peale's Museum (Phila.), curiosities of expedition
in, 1, 280, 3, 233, 296, 6, 121, 7,
322.Pearl oysters, habitat, 3, 5, 10; as ornaments,
3, 5, 10, 5, 30–32.Peas (Lathyrus ochrolencus), flowering, location,
4971, 320, 367, 4, 234, 247, 5, 108, 110,
138, 140, 372; three species, 5, 384.Pecans (Carya olivœformis, Hicoria pecan),
location, 1, 64, 6, 140, 141.Pediocætes columbianus, Coues. See Grouse.
Pelicans (Pelecanus erythrorhynchus), described,
6, 126, 127; habitat, 1, 53, 104,
145, 198, 3, 138, 139, 5, 235, 269, 271, 376–
378, 6, 24, 48, 172, 174, 176, 188, 227; size,
1, 104; as fishers, 1, 104.Pemmican (pemitigon, pimecon), preparation,
1, 168; eaten, 1, 169, 233, 2, 207,
208, 228.Pennsylvania, Scotch-Irish in, 5, 394; Dickson,
5, 242; Historical Society, owns editions,
1, lxii; Memoirs, 7, 198.Pennyroyal, on Missouri, 5, 110, 7, 99.
Pentrandia monogynia, choke-cherry belongs
to class, 2, 29.Peoria Indians, destroyed by Sauk, 6 93;
Clark's note on, 6, 112.Peppergrass, location, 5, 192.
Perch, habitat, 1, 110, 6, 174.
Perisoreus canadensis; P. canadensis capitalis;
P. obscurus. See Jay.Periwinkles, location, 4, 160, 161, 173, 174.
Petalostemon candidus; P. violaceus, described,
6, 142, 146.Peter, Lieut. George, on Coldwater Creek,
5, 393; specimens sent by, 6, 280;
sketch, 5, 393.Petit côte, early name for St. Charles, 1,
18, 24, 6, 29.Petit Voleur (Little Thief), Oto chief, 7,
50.Petite Arc, Omaha chief, village of, 1, 124,
6, 58.Pewee, habitat, 6, 214.
Phalacrocorax dilophus cincinnatus. See
Cormorant.Phalœnoptilus Nuttali. See Whippoorwills.
Pheasants, described, 4, 43, 286, 287; habitat,
2, 260, 3, 23, 32, 33, 51, 55, 56, 63, 65,
68, 70, 72, 74–76, 80, 123, 4, 43, 44, 7, 148,
149, 151, 152, 154, 159, 160; drumming of,
1, 312; dusky grouse resembles, 2, 256;
hunted, 4, 251, 286, 5, 12, 13, 34, 37, 42,
182; different species, 3, 76; black (or
dark brown): described, 2, 395, 5, 161,
163, 168, 169, 171; habitat, 5, 58, 59, 6,
214; black and white: described, 4, 126–
128; habitat, 4, 126, 128; brown: described,
4, 129–131; habitat, 5, 138;
speckled: described, 4, 128–130, 161, 163.Philadelphia, Lewis at, 1, xxvi, 5, 101;
names of party left in, 4, 180; Library
Company, owns editions, 1, lxii; Aurora,
7, 338, 347–349; Gazette and Daily Advertiser,
7, 338, 347–350.Phoca. See Seals.
Phoca Rock, distance down Columbia, 6,
67.Phosphorus, as a supply, 5, 98, 101.
Phrynosoma douglasii. See Lizards.
Physocarpus opulifolius, Maxim; P. parvifolius,
Nutt. See Elders, and Sevenbark.Piaheto. See Eagle Feathers.
Pica pica hudsonica. See Magpies.
Picea sitchensis. See Firs.
Pichou, skins in fur-trade, 1, 132.
Picicorvus columbianus. See Nutcrackers.
Pictographs, on Missouri, 1, 27, 40, 42, 7,
8; illustration, 1, 40.Picus villosus harrisi. See Woodpeckers.
Pierce, John, killed by British man-of-war,
5, 375.Pigeons, habitat, 2, 226, 227, 3, 44, 5, 200,
210, 279, 6, 169, 221; size, 1, 151; food,
1, 150; eaten, 5, 216, 217.Pike,—, Lewis sends draft to, 6, 269.
—, Capt. Zebulon M., exploration, 5, 381,
392; Expeditions, 1, 7, 5, 381.—(fish), habitat, 1, 72, 110, 111, 6, 174,
7, 50.Pike-perch (Stizostedion canadense), described,
2, 142, 143; bait, 2, 145; caught,
2, 172.Pike Pond, origin of name, 1, 72.
Pillar Rock. See Beacon.
Pilots' Village, distance down Columbia, 6,
65.—, Indians as, 4, 233, 236, 240; wages
of, 4, 233, 236.Pinaut, Peter, with expedition, 1, 31.
Pine trees, described, 2, 56, 57, 102, 4, 84,
85; cone illustrated, 4, 85; location, 1,
149, 2, 24, 27, 28, 30, 32, 39–41, 51, 56,
58, 61, 64, 70, 78, 83, 85, 105, 218, 235,
241, 243, 245, 2, 251, 255, 258, 262, 265,
290, 303, 306, 319, 351, 359, 3, 11, 15, 17,
23, 26, 32, 33, 37, 38, 49, 51, 52, 56, 57, 59,
63, 64, 66, 69, 70, 73, 76, 77, 79, 81, 82, 84,
88, 141, 144, 145, 157, 159, 161, 162, 168,
170, 172–174, 188, 190, 191, 194, 195, 197,
200–203, 219, 232, 237, 272, 324, 334, 5,
100, 102, 148, 192, 231, 265, 269, 271, 272,
274, 275, 293, 296, 298, 302, 303, 314, 319,
6, 24–26, 46–48, 61, 7, 84, 86, 87, 181, 182,
185, 187, 188, 349; different varieties, 2,
64, 66, 68, 102, 3, 69, 73; sap eaten, 2,
249; bark, 3, 63, 7, 154; seeds, 3, 15, 17,
5, 4, 8, 76; pheasants eat, 4, 127, 128;
wood for arrows, 3, 347, 348; bows, 3,
19; images, 3, 176, 179; huts, 3, 86, 112,
4984, 19, 21; as fuel, 3, 357, 359, 4, 7, 8, 24,
25, 5, 34, 37; method of splitting, 3, 359.Pinus albicaulis, 3, 69.
P. contortu var. murrayana, 3, 69.
P. contortu, Dougl., described, 5, 121, 123.
P. monticola: described, 4, 47; location,
4, 43, 44, 46, 48, 264, 5, 135, 138, 140.P. ponderosa: location, 4, 279, 281, 350,
354, 356, 364, 366, 368, 370, 5, 11, 33, 77,
108, 109, 121, 122, 135, 138, 140, 181, 185,
186, 245; as remedy, 5, 109.Pitch: location, 2, 185, 243, 247, 5, 138,
140, 193, 245, 247, 7, 81, 82, 116, 117, 120,
125, 126, 133, 134, 142, 146–149, 151–153,
155, 157–160, 163, 167, 168, 177; canoes
made of, 7, 164; used in tar, 2, 208.Spruce, 3, 49, 57, 63, 66.
Pine cedar. See Cedar pine.
Piper,—, Clark camps at, 1, 17.
—, Charles V., notes by, 2, 170, 3, 66, 67,
69, 70, 72, 77, 86, 111, 120, 148, 174, 197,
260, 4, 5, 7, 14, 19, 21, 24, 41, 42, 45–47,
50, 55, 58, 61, 62, 64–66, 85, 121, 201, 207,
247, 256, 274, 286, 291, 304, 323, 342, 349,
354; 5, 4, 41, 61, 87, 97, 108, 121, 135, 138,
160, 165, 168, 173, 6, 210, 211, 213, 219,
220; aid acknowledged, 1, lix.Pipes, hair, Lewis unable to find, 7, 299.
Pipestone, Indians use of, 6, 44, 45.
—County (Minn.), quarries in, 1, 115.
Piranga ludoviciana. See Tanager: Louisiana.
Pirogues, described, 1, 16; part of equipment,
5, 231, 335, 337, 342; made, 1, 266–
271, 275; accidents to, 1, 127, 301, 2, 91,
100, 4, 127, 159, 163, 165, 273, 275, 276,
278, 5, 368; repaired, 5, 238, 239, 361;
exchanged for canoes, 4, 232, 235; used
for fuel, 4, 296; cached, 2, 134, 139–141,
164, 169, 5, 228, 229; mast used for axle-tree,
2, 164; expedition use, 1, 128, 4,
176, 178, 233, 236, 295, 5, 202, 233, 235,
241, 242, 298, 308, 321, 322, 381, 382, 384,
386, 389. See also Boats.Pishquow (Pishquitpah, Pishquitpaw, Pisquow)
Indians, habitat, 6, 66, 115; numbers,
3, 133, 137, 138, 4, 321, 323, 6, 115;
language, 3, 133, 137; physical characteristics,
3, 133, 137, 4, 322, 324; dress, 3,
133, 137, 4, 322, 324; hair-dressing, 4,
322, 324; bridles, 4, 322, 324; hunters,
4, 322, 323; fishers, 4, 322, 324; terrified
at white men, 3, 133, 135–137, 4, 322;
Clark pacifies, 3, 136, 137; expedition
among, 4, 321–323.Pismires, on Columbia, 6, 213.
Pistols, as equipment, 5, 224, 241, 335; Indians
prize, 1, 223, 4, 336, 339.Pitch, obtained from pine, 2, 185; substitute
for, 2, 178, 179; expedition lacks, 2, 218,
219.Pittasah, Sioux chief, 6, 99.
Pittsburg, Lewis at, 1, xxv, xxx, xxxi, 51,
7, 226–228, 260, 265, 269, 272; Christy,
5, 394.Pityophis melanolenca. See Bull-snake.
Pityophis sayi, habitat, 2, 266.
Placer (Mont.), expedition at, 2, 260.
Placunanomia macroschisma, described, 4,
173, 174.Plantain, green, location, 5, 108, 110.
Plaster of Paris, on Missouri, 1, 58.
Platteville (Wis.), Dickson in, 5, 243.
Pleurisy, Indians suffer from, 1, 251; remedies
for, 1, 251.Plovers, habitat, 1, 110, 159, 181, 3, 190, 193,
230–232, 4, 137, 139, 5, 192, 206, 6, 187;
avocet resembles, 1, 357–359; brown:
habitat, 2, 260, 266; green-legged, 6,
175; mountain (Podasocys montanus); described,
2, 260, 5, 176; Symphemia semi-palmata:
described, 2, 17–19, 6, 132–134.Plums, location, 1, 58, 79, 80, 94, 96, 115,
122, 138, 149, 152, 155, 323, 5, 361, 363,
365, 6, 37, 141, 175, 188, 227, 7, 53, 56;
size of fruit, 1, 119; varieties, 1, 124, 5,
363.Podasocys montanus. See Plovers.
Podiceps holbælli; P. podilymbus. See
Divers.Poa sandbergii. See Grasses.
Pocasse. See Hay.
Poggamoggon, Indian weapon, described,
2, 373, 3, 20, 21.Points—
Adams (La Pérouse, Rond), location,
3, 230, 234, 251, 254, 269, 270, 333; distance
down Columbia, 6, 69; origin of
name, 3, 226; mountains near, 3, 227,
228; game on, 4, 114, 115, 143, 145;
hunting, 3, 358, 360, 4, 5, 6, 9, 11, 72, 81,
83, 109, 112, 135, 136, 163, 165, 197; Indians,
3, 320, 6, 117; sighted, 3, 224, 226;
expedition at, 3, 291, 4, 12, 6, 22, 7, 342;
sketch map, 3, 261.Blustry, Gass's name for Point Ellice,
3, 215.Bluff, in Baker's Bay, 3, 230.
Coupeé, Indians near, 6, 113.
Disappointment, expedition at, 6, 22, 23.
Distress, distance from Missouri, 6, 70.
Ellice, expedition encamped on, 3, 215,
328.George, Lewis passes, 3, 255.
Gray, boundary of bay, 3, 212.
Lewis. See North Head.
Meriwether, distance down Columbia,
6, 69.Oak, trees on, 4, 204.
La Pérouse. See Adams.
Point of Rocks. See Beaverhead.
Rond. See Adams.
Samuel. See Cathlamet Head.
Smith, site of Astoria, 3, 255; expedition
passes, 3, 269.Tongue (William), origin of name, 3,
253; described, 3, 253; distance from
Missouri, 6, 69; tide at, 3, 265–267; bad
weather, 3, 267; pebbles, 3, 256, 257;
hunting, 4, 193, 195, 196; expedition at,
3, 253–269, 4, 197, 198, 6, 200.Poisson, François, Jesuit missionary, 2, 197.
Pokishacomah. See Nelumbo lutea.
Polecats, habitat, 2, 74, 77, 3, 152, 155, 4,
73, 76, 113, 114, 118; food, 4, 118; tail
used as ornament, 3, 4; skins worn by
Indians, 1, 166, 4, 239.Polygala senega. See Snakeroot.
Pomeroy (Wash.), expedition at, 4, 351.
Pomme blanche. See White apple.
Pompey's Pillar (Tower), distance up Missouri,
6, 76; described, 5, 292, 293;
fossils near, 5, 294; Pryor at, 5, 325, 326.Ponca (Poncara, Poncare, Poncrars, Poongcar,
La Pong) Indians, Siouan tribe:
sketch, 6, 88; habitat, 1, 29, 140, 5, 366, 6,
47, 59, 88; numbers, 1, 140, 6, 88, 7, 315;
language, 1, 132, 6, 88; nomads, 6, 47;
allies, 6, 47, 88; enemies, 6, 97; fur-trade,
6, 43, 88; traders, 5, 366, 7, 10; half-breed
among, 7, 10; presents for, 6, 271;
Dorion to arrange peace, 1, 132.Pond Inlet, distance up Missouri, 6, 58.
Poplars, location, 6, 176, 7, 349.
Populus monilifera or deltoides; P. trichocarpa.
See Cottonwood.Porcupines (Erethizon dorsatum), described,
6, 129; habitat, 1, 155, 362, 363, 365,
366; food, 1, 146, 338, 363; killed, 1,
146, 5, 323, 365, 7, 7, 57; quills as ornaments,
1, 130, 310, 2, 372, 377, 3, 4, 5, 20,
4, 239, 284, 285, 289, 303.Pork, supply carried, 1, 222, 2, 189, 190;
cached, 2, 140, 143, 7, 99; as present, 5,
384, 390.Porpoise, habitat, 4, 160, 161, 163, 165.
Portage La Prairie, Indians on, 6, 110, 111;
Vérendrye, 6, 268.—de Sioux (Scioux), location, 1, 7.
Portfolio, 1, xxxviii, 215, 7, 307.
Portland (Ore.), Clark in, 4, 240; Historical
Society, 3, 94; Oregonian, 4, 240, 5,
103.Posecopsahe. See Black Cat.
Post Intelligencer (Seattle), 7, 254.
Potatoes (Ipomæa leptophylla; I. pandurata),
described, 6, 139, 148; identified, 6, 140,
142; location, 1, 73; Indians use, 1, 132,
6, 138, 139; how cooked, 1, 168, 169;
sweet, 3, 362, 363.Potentilla, sp. See Cinquefoil.
Potoash Indians, habitat, 6, 70, 118; numbers,
6, 118.Pottery, among Mandan, 1, 281; Shoshoni,
3, 19; manufactures of, 3, 19.Potts, John, with expedition, 1, 11–13, 284,
287, 7, 30, 358; in Ordway's mess, 1, 30;
member of court-martial, 1, 19, 20, 62;
bill of, 1, 139; with Lewis, 2, 234; Clark,
2, 244, 247, 4, 236, 7, 116; sick, 2, 230,
5, 246; vote on wintering place, 3, 247;
hunter, 3, 309, 310; in charge of canoes,
4, 313–316; sent for supplies, 5, 46, 47;
to trade, 5, 48–50; accident, 5, 86, 88,
144, 145, 155, 156, 165, 167, 388; creek
named for, 2, 251–253; land warrant, 7,
343; pay, 7, 360, 361.Pouched Rat. See Gopher.
Poulson, Zachariah, American Daily Advertiser,
7, 338, 347, 348.Powder, supply carried, 1, 287, 288, 2, 189,
190, 5, 12–14, 181, 243, 367; how carried,
2, 315, 4, 33, 36, 37; damaged, 1, 294,
295; lost, 4, 318, 5, 384; cached, 2, 134,
139–141, 143, 4, 367, 370; in Indian trade,
1, 98, 131, 179, 221, 231, 269, 2, 367, 4,
296, 297, 331, 333, 5, 23, 25–28, 34, 36,
181, 334, 342, 345, 350, 356, 6, 45, 89;
horns, lost, 2, 197, 200, 315, 5, 384.Powell, John Wesley, cited, 1, 176, 3, 27,
166, 201; "Indian Linguistic Families,"
1, 133, 2, 345.—, S., aids Western exploration, 7,
205.Powers, H. C., finds list of supplies, 7, 231.
" Prairie buffalo," French name for horned
lizard, 5, 80, 81, 83.—dogs (barking squirrels, little dogs),
described, 1, 141, 142, 5, 177, 178; habitat,
1, 144, 145, 149, 155, 291, 307, 311,
2, 63, 122, 123, 144, 301, 4, 105, 107, 5,
363–365, 368, 6, 26, 59, 122, 7, 112, 316;
villages, 1, 152, 307, 2, 68–70; characteristics,
1, 289, 2, 63, 64; how caught, 1,
141–143, 7, 56; badgers eat, 1, 95; as
food, 2, 124; specimen preserved, 1, 281,
282.Prairie-hens (chickens, fowl; Pediœcetes
columbianus), described, 2, 184; habitat,
1, 159, 176, 181, 2, 57, 59, 3, 49, 57, 59,
123, 125, 127, 130, 5, 176, 186, 235, 373,
6, 121, 228, 7, 327; heath-cock resembles
2, 335; pointed-tailed, 6, 122.—lark Eremophila alpestris), habitat, 5,
176."—potato," See Hankee.
—wolf, habitat, 3, 80, 92.
Prairies—
of Arrows, distance up Missouri, 6, 57,
7, 9, 34; Indian resort, 1, 44; astronomical
observation at, 6, 237.Baker's Oven (Four le tourtere), expedition
passes, 1, 83, 84.Bald Pated, origin of name, 1, 81, 82;
location, 6, 38, 58; distance up Missouri,
6, 5, 58, 7, 189; trees of, 6, 141; plants,
6, 148; fruits, 2, 29; expedition on, 5, 380;
latitude, 7, 190.Blackfoot (Prairie of Knobs, Stevens's
Prairie), described, 5, 191; squirrels on,
5, 192; pines, 5, 193; plants, 5, 192; expedition,
6, 26.Chariton, camp at, 7, 35.
du Chien, Indians at, 1, 132, 133; fur-trade
centre, 6, 92, 93; fur-traders, 5,
374; provisions for, 1, 7; capture, 5, 374.Fire, expedition at, 7, 12, 37; astronomical
observation at, 6, 239.French, fur-traders on, 4, 138.
Green, camp at, 7, 46.
Handsome. See Council Bluffs.
Hardscrabble, camp on, 7, 38.
Horse, expedition at, 2, 327.
Hurricane, expedition at, 7, 42.
Little Sioux, described, 7, 36; Indians
on, 7, 36; camp, 7, 36.Musselshell, expedition on, 5, 135.
Nemahaw, camp on, 7, 42.
Reeveys, expedition on, 1, 68, 7, 40.
Rock, camp on, 7, 40.
St. Michaels, distance up Missouri, 6,
57; expedition on, 1, 69, 5, 383.Sauk, location, 1, 53.
Shaved, trade on, 1, 5.
Snake, expedition on, 7, 15.
Stevens's. See Blackfoot.
Weippe. See Quamash Flats.
Willow, camp on, 7, 36.
"President," United States frigate, 5, 376.
Price, Sterling, western campaign, 2, 263.
Prickly-pears (Opuntia Missouriensis; O.
polyacantha), described, 3, 56, 57; location,
1, 157, 159, 2, 51, 56, 58, 61, 106,
108, 114, 117, 120, 122, 271, 291, 304, 312,
327, 338, 3, 120, 121, 5, 198, 199, 210, 226,
274, 279, 6, 140, 197, 222, 7, 94, 95, 118,
120; different species, 2, 338; blossoms,
2, 231, 233, 5, 208; thorns annoy expedition,
2, 120, 158, 180, 182, 183, 249, 251–
254, 266, 269, 272, 275; as food, 2, 205,
4, 124; fuel, 3, 133.Printeau,—, journal of, 7, 281, 292.
Privet, on Missouri, 2, 332, 333; shrub
resembles, 1, 115, 119.Proulx, Basil, visited by Lewis and Clark,
5. 392.Pryor, Nathaniel, sergeant, with expedition,
1, 11–13, 284, 287, 7, 331, 357; mess of,
1, 30, 31, 71; detachment commander, 1,
8, 225; orderly sergeant, 1, 15; presides
at court martial, 1, 61; hunter, 1, 85,
248, 3, 264–266, 269, 270, 5, 42–45, 58
59, 258, 279, 363, 7, 57; selects timber,
1, 51; in charge of boats, 1, 123; messenger
to Sioux, 1, 126, 128, 7, 53, 54;
explores north fork of Missouri, 2, 116,
118, 125; discovers salt spring, 6, 128;
with Lewis, 2, 117, 122, 4, 278; explores
Teton River, 2, 125; sick, 1, 13, 2, 188–
190, 192, 7, 107; dislocates shoulder, 1,
229, 2, 225, 226, 3, 277; works on leather
boat, 2, 204; with Clark, 2, 222, 3, 229–
238, 329, 4, 301, 302, 5, 259; boat upsets,
3, 118, 119, 7, 173; vote on wintering
place, 3, 246; collects timber, 3, 285,
286; at salt camp, 4, 59, 60, 68, 69; sent
for supplies, 2, 224, 4, 39, 40, 42, 45, 47,
52, 53, 135, 137, 154–157, 238, 242, 245,
246; cares for Gibson, 4, 72, 75, 5, 276;
fisherman, 4, 147, 149; repairs canoe, 3,
100, 4, 180, 182, 192, 274; loses canoe,
4, 155, 156, 162, 165; recovers, 4, 95;
canoe purchased, 4, 176, 178; gun out
of order, 4, 193, 194; explores Quicksand
River, 4, 227, 228, 230, 231; measures
fir tree, 4, 248; searches for hunters, 4,
277, 279; saddler, 4, 286, 288; at Eneshur
village, 4, 306; explores Collins
Creek, 5, 54, 56; trades with Indians, 5,
66–68, 71; sent to raise canoe, 5, 86, 88;
expedition to Mandan, 5, 176, 179, 279,
281, 284, 285, 288, 289, 342; Clark's instructions,
5, 286, 287; Indians rob, 5,
242; at Boiling Springs, 5, 252; in
charge of horses, 5, 256; at Beaver's
Head, 5, 257; makes clothes, 5, 278; in
search of timber, 5, 278; of horses, 5,
280; explores Yellowstone, 5, 288, 290,
325–327; encounter with wolf, 5, 326;
commands canoe, 5, 368; escorts Big
White, 5, 393; Lewis miscalls John, 2,
501256; creek named for, 2, 251, 256; land
warrant, 7, 343; pay, 7, 360, 361; journal,
1, xxxiv, liv, 5, 281.Prunus emarginata, Dougl. See Cherry.
Pseudogryphus, or Cathartes, californianus.
See Vultures.Pseudotsuga taxifolia. See Firs.
Psoralea argophylla, in Lewis herbarium, 6,
156; identified, 6, 158.Psoralea esculenta. See White apple.
trifoliata (hop tree), described, 6,
141, 142.Pteris aquilina lanuginosa. See Ferns.
Puget,—, Vancouver's lieutenant, 3, 206.
—Sound, Indians on, 4, 169.
Pumice-stone, on Missouri, 1, 99, 276, 290,
296, 305, 306, 311, 317, 318, 322, 329, 362,
2, 74, 77, 80, 84, 85, 103, 5, 236, 6, 163,
164, 269.Pumpkins (simnins), Indians cultivate, 1,
233, 234, 240, 5, 377.Puncheons, term described, 1, 226; used in
Fort Clatsop, 3, 279, 284–287.Pursh, Frederick, botanist, remarks on
herbarium, 6, 151–153, 7, 421; Flora
Americæ Septentrionalis, 6, 151–153.Purshia tridentata, named for Pursh, 6, 153.
Putorius ; P. longicauda. See Ermine.
Pyrites, on Missouri, 1, 116, 6, 58, 162–
164; decomposition causes burning bluffs,
1, 119.Pyrus rivularis. See Crab-apple.
Quahaha Indians, habitat, 3, 183.
Quail, mountain, described, 4, 250–253;
size, 1, 123.Quamash (Camas, Kamas, Pachequo,
Quawmash), described, 3, 78–80, 5, 78,
124–126, 128–130; location, 3, 78, 79, 107,
4, 234, 236, 237, 349, 350, 5, 124, 128, 6,
220, 224; abundant, 5, 14, 17, 78, 136,
137, 139, 148, 170–172, 190, 249; method
of gathering, 3, 86, 5, 251; preparing, 3,
79, 5, 12, 126, 127, 131, 132; cooking, 7,
161; bread, 3, 78, 79, 107, 7, 161–166,
172, 177, 180, 182; beer, 3, 142, 145;
eaten, 4, 354, 356, 5, 12, 15, 17, 41, 78, 7,
161–163, 167, 168; purchased, 3, 107, 108,
4, 217, 219, 221; price, 4, 254; present,
5, 110, 112; in trade, 3, 186.—Flats (Oyipe, Weippe Prairie), distance
from Missouri falls, 6, 73; identified,
3, 73, 5, 162; described, 5, 132; size,
5, 170, 172; strawberries on, 6, 220; plants,
4, 49, 50; squirrels, 5, 246; Indians, 5,
75, 77, 121, 123, 179; hunting, 5, 46, 48,
60, 62–64, 95, 97, 98, 101, 106, 107; expedition
on, 3, 72, 73, 77–87, 5, 114, 115,
120–122, 135, 136, 145–149, 151, 153, 154,
162, 170, 171, 175, 251, 6, 23, 24; astronomical
observation at, 6, 265.Quarie (Querie),—, in St. Charles, 5, 392.
Quartz, on Missouri, 2, 15, 19, 23, 27, 74, 80,
85.Quebec, Duquette in, 5, 392.
Queneo. See Coboway.
Quercus alba, 6, 140; Q. bicolor, 6, 140;
Q. Garryana, 3, 197, 6, 140; Q. imbricaria,
6, 140; Q. macrocarpa, 6, 140, 155,
158; Q. Marylandica, 6, 140; Q. minor,
6, 140; Q. nigra; Q. platanoides; Q.
rubra; Q. Schneckii; Q. stellata; Q. tinctoria;
Q. velutina, 6, 140. See also Oaks.Querquedula discors. See Teal: blue-winged.
Quieetso Indians, habitat, 6, 70, 118; numbers,
6, 118.Quillwood, described, 4, 59, plant resembles,
3, 261.Quinechart (Quinnachart) Indians, Salishan
tribe, 4, 169; habitat, 6, 70, 118;
numbers, 6, 118; trade with whites, 4,
169.Quinielt (Quinaielt) Indians, habitat, 4, 169,
6, 70, 118; numbers, 6, 118.Quinine (bark), given Sacajawea, 2, 164.
Quioo, Claxtar chief, 3, 295.
Rabbits, habitat, 1, 145, 148, 155, 4, 73, 76,
118, 7, 14; food, 1, 338; Indians dress in
skins, 7, 177; jackass, described, 1, 147.Rabbit-berries. See Buffalo-berries.
Raccoons, habitat, 1, 48, 3, 308, 4, 73, 76,
103, 106, 194, 5, 381, 6, 122, 7, 177, 336;
method of catching, 3, 347, 349, 4, 103,
106; as food, 4, 88; skins, robes of, 3,
143, 4, 185, 186, 190; in trade, 4, 103, 106,
6, 83, 85–87, 92, 93, 96, 108–111.Radford, Mrs. Harriet Kennerly, Clark's
second wife, 1, liv.Rafinesque, Constantine S., zoölogist, 6,
121, 7, 421; describes osage orange, 6,
153.Rafts, constructed by Lewis, 5, 183–185,
331; used on Missouri, 2, 125, 126, 182,
5, 361; by Indians, 5, 55, 57.Rainbows, in Falls of Missouri, 2, 149.
Ramsey, Jack, red-haired Indian, 3, 301.
Rana pretiosa. See Frogs.
Randolph, J., member of Congress, 7, 362.
Rankin, James, St. Louis settler, 1, 22.
Rapids—
Ash, distance up Missouri, 6, 62; location,
2, 93–96, 6, 141; trees on, 5, 236.Basin, distance down Columbia, 6, 65.
Bear, described, 5, 311; named, 5, 309.
Buffalo, named, 5, 309; country described,
5, 319.Cave, distance down Columbia, 6, 65.
Discharge, distance down Columbia, 6,
65.Elk and Fawn, 5, 236, 7, 89; identified,
2, 80; distance up Missouri, 6, 62; expedition
ascends, 2, 80, 81, 84.Fish-hook, in Lewis River, 3, 118.
Fish Tack, distance down Columbia, 6,
66.Five Mile, portaged, 3, 119.
Half-Breed, expedition at, 2, 234.
Musselshell, distance down Columbia,
6, 66; expedition at, 3, 133, 135, 4, 291,
329.Lone Pine, in Missouri, indentified, 2, 80.
Pillacon, distance down Columbia, 6, 66.
Pine Island, distance up Missouri, 6, 63;
location, 5, 331; expedition at, 7, 116.Pine-tree, canoe sunk in, 3, 113, 115, 7,
172.Ragged, in Clearwater, 3, 101, 103, 104.
Rocky, distance down Columbia, 6, 66.
Short, 6, 66.
Sugar, 1, 5.
Texas, location, 3, 110–112.
Umatilla, expedition passes, 3, 134.
Wild Goose, location 5, 103.
Wolf, location, 5, 320, 6, 75; named, 5,
309, 312; described, 5, 313.Yellow Bear, in Yellowstone, 6, 75.
Raspberries (Rubus leucodermis or hesperius),
described, 4, 59, 60; location, 1,
58, 63, 96, 3, 195, 199, 5, 108, 110, 6, 37,
174, 198; price, 4, 254; flowering, 4, 201,
203.Rats, described, 4, 113, 114; habitat, 1, 37,
4, 73, 76, 113, 114; found in baggage, 7,
109; mountain (Neotama cinerea), described,
2, 205, 206; wood (N. floridana),
discovered, 1, 69.Rattlesnakes (Crotalus confluentus), described,
2, 41, 42, 5, 234; habitat, 1, 42,
5, 86, 89, 257, 302, 6, 33, 157, 225, 256,
7, 9, 34; size, 7, 113; scarce, 4, 155, 157,
161; expedition encounters, 1, 59, 142,
152, 2, 41, 43, 79, 146, 160, 161, 175, 301,
302, 325, 352, 354, 4, 323, 325, 6, 63, 7, 99,
104, 111–113, 134; rattles assist in childbirth,
1, 257, 258; cure for bite, 1, 281,
6, 157, 184, 7, 323; Missouri snake resembles,
1, 100.Rattlesnake Cliff (Bluff), identified, 2, 321;
named, 2, 325; not timbered, 2, 326; expedition
at, 2, 327, 348, 352, 354, 358;
astronomical observation taken, 6, 256.—Flats, camp at, 3, 118.
Raven Indians. See Crow.
Raven Man. See Cargarnomokshe.
Ravens, habitat, 3, 74, 75, 257–259, 4, 129,
131, 246, 5, 176, 192, 210, 279, 6, 187,
205, 7, 176; eat meat, 1, 260.Rawle,—, member of American Philosophical
Society, 7, 405.Read (Reed), Moses B., with expedition, 1,
11; in Ordway's mess, 1, 30; disciplined,
1, 12; deserts, 1, 99, 101, 102, 111, 7, 24,
48; caught, 1, 111, 7, 26, 50; punished,
1, 112, 7, 50.Reaum,—, fur-trader, 1, 5.
Recurvirostra americana. See Avocet.
Red-birds, numerous, 5, 275.
Red-horse (fish), habitat, 1, 110, 111.
Red Lodge (Mont.), on Northern Pacific
Railway, 5, 288.Red Pipestone Quarry, catlinite from 1, 115.
Redroot (Ceanothus sanguineus, Pursh), location,
5, 121, 122, 136.Red Shield. See Warkerassa.
Redwood (Arrow-wood, Bois rouge), location,
1, 338, 341, 2, 57, 208, 223, 236, 260,
3, 57, 203–205, 5, 192; mixed with tobacco,
2, 179.Ree Indians. See Arikara.
Reed,—, fur-trader, 5, 390.
Reed, Captain—, at Pittsburg, 7, 264.
Rees, Thomas, Preface to Journals, 1,
lxxvii, lxxviii; in search of Welsh Indians,
7, 292.Register (Philadelphia), 7, 347.
Relf, Samuel, Philadelphia Gazette and
Daily Advertiser, 7, 338, 347–350.Renard Indians. See Fox.
Retrograde Bend, on Missouri, 1, 28.
Rhachianectes glaucus. See Whales.
Rhamnus alnifolia, described, 6, 142, 146.
Rheumatism, Clark suffers from, 1, 202,
204, 217; expedition, 1, 206, 226, 357,
359; remedy for, 1, 202.Rhus aromatica, var. trilobata; R. glabra,
L.; R. hirta; R. toxicodendra, L.; R.
typhana. See Sumac.Ribes aureum, Pursh; R. floridum; R.
sanguineum; R. viscosissimum. See
Currants.Ribes cereum, Dougl.; R. divaricatum,
Dougl.; R. niveum or cognatum. See
Gooseberries.Ricaras (Recars, Recoree, Rickaras) Indians.
See Arikara.Rice, wild or Indian (Zizania aquatica), identified,
6, 158; location, 6, 108, 109, 7,
41; in Lewis herbarium, 6, 157."Richard," American ship, 5, 375.
Richardson, Sir John, describes eulachon,
4, 109.Richardson, James D., Messages and Papers
of the Presidents, 1789–1897, 7, 206, 328.Richmond (Va.), Big White in, 7, 345.
Riparia (Wash.), location, 3, 110.
Rittenhouse, David, subscriber to Michaux
expedition, 7, 204, 205.Rivers—
American, location, 5, 66.
Apostle, affluent of Columbia, 2, 383;
source, 7, 335, 339.Apple, Indians on, 6, 112.
Arkansas, source, 6, 31, 35, 40; waters
Black Hills, 2, 67, 82; animals on, 7, 296,
300; salines, 6, 159, 267, 268; Indians, 1,
36, 6, 83, 84, 107, 108, 112; explored 1, xix,
5, 381, 7, 282.Arktarha, affluent of Yellowstone, 6, 53,
60.Arsarta. See Big Horn.
Askow (Askaw). See Bad.
Asotin, identified, 3, 101.
Assiniboin (Assinaboin, Assinnaboin,
Assinneboin, Assinniboin, Orsiniboine),
affluents of, 1, 312; Indians on, 1, 275, 6,
105, 106, 110; traders, 1, 215, 5, 284, 287,
7, 398; posts, 1, xvii, 4–6, 205, 221, 222,
227, 234, 237, 238, 268, 302, 305–307, 310,
5, 176, 179, 281, 285–287, 6, 52, 104, 105,
7, 316, 335; 336; list of posts, 6, 268, 269;
Clark's party on, 5, 285; within United
States boundaries, 6, 51.Asskashawan. See Saskatchewan.
Bad (Askow), identified, 1, 163; affluents,
6, 53; Indians on, 6, 106.Beaver (Lower Deer Creek), Yellowstone
affluent, 6, 76; described, 5, 271.Beaver Dam (Maropa), described, 6, 49,
distance up Missouri, 6, 59; size, 1, 183,
184; Indians on, 6, 89; expedition, 5, 356,
7, 67.Beaver Head. See Jefferson.
Beauvais Fork, branch of Big Horn, 5,
297.Big Blackfoot (Buffalo, Cohohlarishkit,
Cokahlarcoosh, Cokahlarishkit), 1, 5; distance
up Missouri, 6, 72; location, 5, 185;
meaning of name, 5, 184; affluents, 5, 191;
width, 5, 331; cañon, 5, 189; roads, 5, 331;
described, 5, 185; 187–190, 192; navigation,
5, 188, 189; expedition on, 6, 25, 26, 28;
Lewis, 5, 184, 185, 187–194, 331.Big Blue (Bluewater), described, 6, 35;
distance up Missouri, 6, 57; source, 6, 34,
35, 37; Kansas affluent, 6, 36; expedition
on, 1, 58, 59; astronomical observation
taken, 6, 239.Big Cañon, expedition on, 5, 5.
of Big Devils. See Manitou.
Big Dry, distance up Missouri, 6, 61;
source, 2, 15, 19; described, 2, 14, 15, 18,
19, 5, 233, 7, 80; explored, 2, 15; Lewis
on, 5, 233.Big Horn (Arsarta, Judith), origin of
name, 2, 92; described, 2, 92, 5, 296–299;
distance up Missouri, 6, 62, 75; location, 2,
89, 5, 297, 298; source, 5, 320, 6, 41; Yellowstone
affluent, 1, 340, 341, 5, 320, 6, 53,
60; beavers in, 5, 302; Indians on, 1, 185,
6, 102, 267; fur-trade, 5, 296, 6, 266; expedition
on, 2, 92, 94, 96; Clark, 5, 296,
302, Pryor, 5, 281; navigation, 5, 298, 322.Big Hole. See Wisdom.
Big Medicine, Lewis on, 5, 226.
Big Mine, navigable, 7, 9, 34.
Big Muddy (Martha, Mirey), described, 6,
51; distance up Missouri, 6, 61, 7, 332;
identified, 1, 352; named, 1, 352, 354; explored,
1, 352–354; country described, 5,
236; expedition on, 1, 6, 290, 292, 5, 236,
337, 7, 6, 33.Big Nemahar, distance up Missouri, 6,
57.Big Tarkio, identified, 1, 77; expedition
on, 7, 17, 42.Big Timber, Clark on, 5, 269.
Bird Woman's (Sacajawea, Sahcagahwea,
Sâhcâgerweâh, Crooked Creek), named, 2,
52.Big Sioux, distance up Missouri, 6, 58, 7,
189; source, 7, 315; Indians on, 6, 96;
trees, 6, 140; expedition, 5, 376.Bitter Root, described, 3, 57, 58; width,
3, 57; affluents, 3, 56, 57, 59; valley, 3, 55–
58; forks, 3, 54; junction with Hellgate, 5,
189; divide, 3, 52; no salmon in, 3, 58;
expedition on, 3, 51, 54, 55, 5, 184, 247.
See also Clark's.Black-Paint, Kansas affluent, 6, 36.
Blue, affluent of Kansas, 1, 75.
Bluewater. See Big Blue.
au Bœuf (Bouf), trade on, 1, 5.
Bois Brulé (Bous rouley), Indians of, 6,
97.Bonne Femme. See Good-Woman's.
Bowyer's, described, 6, 42; distance up
Missouri, 6, 58; expedition on, 7, 22.Boulder, Clark's party on, 5, 269.
Buffalo. See Big Blackfoot.
Bratten's, distance up Missouri, 6, 61,
76.Bravo. See Del Norte.
Cahwahnakiooks (Chahwahnakiooks).
See Lewis's.Calapooya, expedition on, 4, 219.
Canceze (Cansies). See Kansas.
Cannon Ball (le Boulet, Bullet), described,
6, 49, 50; origin of name, 1, 198; distance
up Missouri, 6, 59, 7, 190; source, 1, 198;
size, 6, 51, 54; width, 1, 197; minerals on,
6, 159, 163; grapes, 6, 141; expedition on,
1, 254, 5, 349; latitude, 7, 190.Cappell, fur-trade posts on, 6, 104, 105.
Cat, Des Moines affluent, 6, 103.
Catapie, See Qu'Appelle.
Cataract. See Klickitat.
Cathlapotle. See Lewis's.
Cedar (Mo.), expedition on, 7, 8.
Charboneau (Shabonos), distance up Missouri,
6, 75.Chariton (Charleton, Charliton, Charrette,
Shariton), described, 6, 34, 7, 9, 35;
distance up Missouri, 6, 4, 57; expedition
on, 1, 28, 29, 45–47, 5, 388; astronomical
observation taken, 6, 237; latitude, 7, 189.Chehalis (Tsihalis), location, 4, 218;
Claxtars on, 4, 218.Chesschetar (Chisschetor, Chisshetaw).
See Heart.Chewah. See Fish.
Cheyenne (Chien, Chyenne, Dog, Sharha),
described, 5, 360, 6, 48; origin of name,
1, 174, 175; distance up Missouri, 6, 59;
from James, 1, 196; source, 1, 190, 5, 307,
6, 45, 47–49; Missouri affluent, 1, 337, 5,
359, 360, 6, 39, 7, 315, 335; character of, 1,
175; width, 1, 178; forks, 6, 48; timber,
6, 48; tar, 6, 48; game, 6, 122, 177; Indians
on, 1, 224, 5, 360, 6, 59, 96, 97, 99–
102; fur-trade, 1, 5, 176, 5, 283, 6, 48, 59;
expedition, 5, 360, 7, 66, 415; astronomical
observation taken, 5, 360; latitude, 7,
190.Chicaelusket, name for Hellgate, 3, 62.
Chinook. See Wallacut.
Chippewa, Indians on, 6, 94.
Chopunnish, distance down Columbia,
6, 65, 72; affluent of Clearwater, 3, 88;
country described, 5, 137; confluence with
Clearwater, 4, 140, 142; divide, 5, 140, 142,
162, 163; game on, 4, 367, 369; Indians,
6, 114; expedition, 4, 357, 360, 5, 65, 95,
97, 165, 167, 6, 23, 73, 199.a Chouritte. See Chariton.
Clackamas (Clarkamus), location, 4, 254,
255; affluent of Willamette, 3, 193; Indians on, 6, 118.Clark's, affluent of Columbia, described,
3, 55, 85, 4, 71, 5, 94, 183, 189, 313–315,
6, 24, 25; source, 4, 364, 366, 5, 320; width,
5, 183, 186; branches, 5, 173, 174, 188, 247,
249; falls and rapids, 4, 69, 71, 5, 94; navigation,
4, 70–72, 5, 188, 322; confluence
with Columbia, 4, 84; distance from Missouri,
6, 28, 72; latitude of forks, 6, 73;
on route to Pacific, 6, 74, 77, 78; origin of
name, 4, 363, 365; map of, 4, 68, 292;
country near, 5, 136, 176, 185–187, 245, 251;
roads to, 5, 175, 332; along, 5, 94, 173, 174,
184, 188, 247; Indians on, 4, 74, 77, 5, 103,
104, 112, 158, 162, 164, 179, 185–188, 6, 64,
74, 114, 119, 120, 267; animals on, 4, 123,
5, 190; salmon in, 4, 69–71; expedition
on, 4, 310–312, 5, 144, 145, 180–186, 189,
245, 246, 330, 331, 6, 24, 25, 220, 221; explored,
6, 266. See also Bitter Root, and
Clearwater.—, name for Multnomah, 3, 193.
—, name for Des Chutes, 4, 314, 315.
—Fork, affluent of Yellowstone, 5,
288, 320, 6, 76; described, 5, 288, 319; expedition
on, 5, 291; trading posts on, 5,
321.Clatsop (Necanicum), distance from Missouri,
6, 71; width and depth, 3, 334; Clark
crosses, 3, 271–273, 275–277, 320, 334, 335;
salt-maker's camp on, 3, 309, 320; map of,
3, 282, 283.Clearwater (Flathead, Kooskooskee), distance
from falls of Missouri, 6, 73; described,
3, 82, 5, 33, 111, 116, 190, 191, 6,
35; country described, 3, 72, 73, 5, 5, 9, 11,
35; origin of name, 3, 97; different names,
3, 57, 66, 4, 363, 365, 5, 190; source, 3, 64–
66, 82, 5, 164, 166, 194; unites with Lewis,
3, 64, 101–106, 4, 329, 330, 354, 355, 6, 72;
with Missoula, 5, 94; Columbia, 4, 140,
141, 7, 334; forks, 3, 87, 88, 4, 69, 71, 367,
5, 42, 66; affluents, 3, 87, 88, 98, 103, 4,
368, 370; width, 3, 105, 5, 33, 35, 169, 171,
6, 24; color, 3, 104; falls, 4, 69; rapids, 3,
88, 97–102, 4, 364, 366, 7, 163, 167, 169;
waters rising, 5, 110, 119, 120, 6, 216, 217;
navigable, 4, 68, 69, 364, 366; islands, 3,
99–103; timber, 3, 97, 104, 4, 364, 366, 7,
163; soil, 4, 368, 370; plants, 4, 49, 51, 5,
108, 109, 6, 220; game, 4, 90, 92, 345, 5, 47,
48; birds, 4, 130, 131, 140, 142; fish, 4, 69,
70, 169, 5, 26, 45, 155, 156, 6, 216; fisheries,
3, 100, 5, 143, 165, 167; Indians, 4, 229,
231, 5, 93–95, 97, 99, 113, 119, 120, 144, 145,
6, 114, 115; fur-trade, 6, 74, 7, 336; expedition,
5053, 81, 82, 84, 87–98, 4, 49, 341,
355–357, 360, 367, 369, 5, 6, 7, 11, 29, 31, 33,
35, 39, 124, 128, 140, 142, 162, 163, 169, 171,
187, 6, 23, 73, 199, 7, 161–163, 166, 341, 349,
417; route to, 6, 62–65, 72–74, 7, 338; astronomical
observation taken, 5, 64, 6, 265;
Indian map, 3, 85; Clark's map, 4, 68, 70.
See also Clark's.Coal (Oaktarponer, Stone), distance up
Missouri, 6, 75; named, 5, 312; Clark on,
5, 313.Cockle. See Musselshell.
Cookahlahishkit. See Big Blackfoot.
Colorado (Callarado, North), source, 1,
60, 2, 383, 7, 335, 339; trade highway, 7,
251; Lewis to explore, 7, 249.Columbia (Tacoutche Tesse), sketch of,
4, 292, 307, 308; discovered, 1, xxi, 3, 211,
226; named, 3, 211; Indian name for, 3,
60, 325; bay at mouth, 3, 207, 209, 222,
224–226, 4, 47, 49; channel at mouth, 3,
231, 234; sand bars, 3, 231, 233; water
salt, 3, 211–214, 253, 254; tide, 3, 194, 196,
7, 181, 187, 188, 339; head of tide-water, 3,
180, 189, 190; current, 4, 279, 281; width,
3, 120, 128, 129, 140, 156, 158, 171, 188, 190,
224, 226, 231, 254, 4, 248, 263, 264, 336, 339,
6, 264, 7, 174, 175; height of water, 4, 248,
266, 279, 281, 6, 211, 212, 215, 218–220,
224; affluents, 1, 339, 2, 113, 135, 136, 279,
366, 3, 144–147, 156–159, 167, 170, 4, 206,
208, 217, 233, 235, 238, 242, 308, 336, 339,
366, 5, 94, 194, 6, 24, 64, 106, 7, 171, 174,
312; cataracts, 4, 31, 35, 36; Cascades:
described, 3, 177–181; dams, 3, 181; locks
at, 4, 264; Dalles, 3, 161, 162, 4, 264, 268,
269, 272, 295, 303, 346; Falls, 2, 366, 3,
143, 144, 171–173, 4, 78, 84, 94, 137, 259, 5,
100, 103, 6, 22, 64, 66; height, 4, 259, 7,
179; distance to falls, 6, 72; sketch map,
3, frontispiece; islands, 3, 139–144, 146,
147, 154, 4, 61; rapids, 3, 129, 131, 134–
146, 4, 69–71, 78, 6, 65, 66, 7, 144; described,
4, 266, 267, 271, 273; distance to
rapids, 6, 72; Narrows, 3, 151–159; Indian
name for, 6, 22, sketch map, 3, 158; distance
to mouth, 6, 22, 23; navigable, 2,
326, 327, 4, 68–71, 263–265, 303, 309, 318,
319; navigation difficult, 7, 334, 335, 340;
rocks in, 4, 280; tree stumps, 3, 173, 174;
ice, 4, 26, 28; season for navigation, 7,
334, 339, 341; portages, 2, 163, 3, 175,
181–185, 188–190, 4, 181, 182, 264–267, 270,
271, 273, 274, 295, 298–302, 310, 311, 7,
178–181, 320, 335, 348, 349; climate, 6, 203,
204; fogs, 7, 186; topography, 3, 131, 138,
140, 143, 4, 73, 76, 204, 289, 290, 322, 324–
327; quality of soil, 4, 7, 10, 234, 247, 248,
323, 5, 206; valley described, 3, 140, 202,
4, 220; boundary, 4, 213, 216; drainage, 4,
227, 230; extent, 3, 202; timber, 4, 55, 57–
59, 62, 104, 106, 264, 308, 342, 5, 181, 216,
219, 6, 24–28, 7, 182, 183, 349; treeless
plains, 3, 122, 124, 125, 129, 138, 141; plants,
4, 247, 341, 343, 6, 220; briars, 4, 61; cranberries,
4, 19; grass, 5, 108, 109; haws, 4,
342; honeysuckles, 4, 49, 51; onions, 5,
88, 90; periwinkles, 4, 173, 174; quamash,
5, 124, 128; sage brush, 4, 304; wappato,
4, 223, 226; watercress, 4, 247; animals, 6,
129, 141; birds, 4, 129, 131, 135, 136, 139,
141, 6, 136; fish, 3, 122, 124, 128, 4, 69, 71,
102, 103, 105, 164, 166–168, 174, 175, 284, 6,
55, 64, 7, 136, 137, 140; waterfowl, 4, 140,
142, 246, 247; antelopes, 4, 95, 97; bears,
4, 84; beavers, 6, 26, 27; badgers, 4, 110,
115; cormorants, 4, 140, 142; deer, 4, 87;
ducks, 4, 148–150; gulls, 4, 137, 138, 140,
141; grouse, 4, 121, 122; hares, 4, 117, 119;
heath-cocks, 4, 123, 125; horses, 4, 280,
282; lizards, 4, 155, 156, 162, 5, 83; loons,
4, 142, 143; lynx, 4, 86; panthers, 4, 113,
114; pheasants, 4, 126, 128; pole-cats, 4,
113, 114, 118; seals, 4, 99, 101, 6, 67; sea-otters,
4, 99; sewellels, 4, 109, 112; snails,
4, 162; squirrels, 4, 104, 106, 5, 59, 178,
192, 216; swans, 4, 148, 149; vultures, 4,
79–82; wolves, 4, 90, 94; Indians, 2, 362,
373, 385, 3, 78, 85, 119, 120, 122–125,
145, 149–151, 159, 161–163, 168, 171,
175–179, 181–189, 4, 16, 18, 23, 30–36, 45,
70, 74, 95, 97, 206, 208, 211, 212, 236,
240, 255, 260, , 276, 278, 280, 289, 290,
293, 319, 335, 337–339, 341–343, 367, 5, 24,
30, 99, 117, 118, 321, 6, 22, 71, 111–119, 7,
122; fisheries, 4, 135, 136, 6, 24; fishing
camps, 4, 109, 111, 206, 208; roads, 4, 320,
321, 329, 330; burial places, 3, 175–179;
Broughton explores, 3, 226, 7, 258; trade
and traders on, 1, xxiii, 128, 3, 81, 82, 85, 90,
103, 4, 74, 77, 178, 260, 262, 268, 269, 272,
273, 6, 74, 7, 251, 282, 335, 336, 398; expedition
on, 1, xxxii, 3, 118, 119, 4, 109, 111,
167, 168, 181, 182, 207, 209, 232, 235, 243,
244, 261, 329, 330, 341, 351, 352, 355, 356, 5,
6, 44, 45, 188, 227, 230, 284, 6, 56, 72, 199, 7,
177–188, 338, 346, 417, 418; sighted, 3, 323,
5, 136; head-waters reached, 7, 136, 142;
at forks, 3, 118–130; forks described, 3, 119,
120, 129; expedition at Dalles, 3, 94, 151–
167; at Cascades, 3, 172–175; possible
wintering site, 3, 231, 246, 247; return party
to be sent from, 7, 319; astronomical observations
taken, 6, 263; Clark to explore,
5062, 364, 5, 348; Lewis, 7, 226, 228; tastes
waters, 2, 334, 335; best route to Missouri,
6, 72–74, 7, 334, 338, 339; Indian information
regarding, 3, 10, 27, 43, 58, 61, 82, 85,
90, 98; Indian map, 3, 85; Clark's sketch
maps, 3, 7, 118, 120, 130, 134, 138, 140, 142,
158, 168, 172, 184, 234, 244, 308.Copcoppahark, Indians on, 6, 119.
Coppermine, Hearne on, 1, xviii.
Corne des Cerfes. See Elkhorn.
Cowlitz (Coweliske), described, 4, 206,
208; distance down Columbia, 6, 68; valley,
3, 204; Mount Coffin near, 3, 206;
Indians on, 4, 206, 208, 6, 68, 117; expedition,
3, 204; railroad, 3, 204; navigation, 4,
206, 208.à Cross, distance up Missouri, 6, 76;
named, 5, 269.Crow Wing, Indians on, 6, 94, 98, 109.
Cruzatte. See Wind.
Cuivre (Ocuivre), Mississippi affluent,
6, 30.Cuckold burr, trade on, 1, 5.
Cut Bank, described, 5, 214.
Dakota. See James.
Decaugh. See Kansas.
Dead, trade on, 1, 5.
Dearborn (Torrent), described, 2, 243, 5,
195; named, 2, 244; Indian name, 5, 21;
distance up Missouri, 6, 63; affluents, 5,
195; mouth, 2, 241; width, 6, 9; current,
6, 27; navigable, 4, 69, 5, 192; Indians on,
5, 332; expedition, 2, 245, 247, 4, 68, 6, 28,
72, 7, 116; Lewis, 5, 202, 331.Deep. See Smith's.
Delaware, ducks on, 4, 148, 150.
Del Norte (Bravo, Nord, North), source,
1, 60, 4, 336, 339, 5, 320, 6, 40, 7, 314;
Spanish on, 4, 77, 6, 51, 267; Lewis to
explore, 7, 249.Des Chutes (Towahnahiooks, Towanahiooks,
Towannahiooks, Towarnchiooks),
name, 3, 147, 4, 364, 366; distance down
Columbia, 6, 66; source, 4, 287, 336, 338;
amount of water, 3, 147; rapids, 3, 145–
147, 149, 4, 266; islands, 3, 147; Indians
on, 3, 149, 6, 119; expedition, 3, 145–147,
149, 344, 7, 179. See also Clark's.Des Moines (Deemoen, Demoin, Dumoine,
Dumons), described, 1, 103; name,
1, 45; source, 1, 47, 115, 6, 34, 37, 43, 44,
314, 315; affluents, 6, 34; width, 1, 103, 6,
43; Indians on, 1, 92, 132, 133, 6, 45, 92,
96, 98; fur-trade, 6, 45, 46, 96, 7, 373–381.Dirty water, trade on, 1, 5, 6.
Dog. See Cheyenne.
Drewyer. See Palouse.
Dry, Yellowstone affluent, 6, 75; Lewis
on, 5, 210.Dubois (Duboice, Wood), distance from
St. Charles, 7, 189; Missouri affluent, 1, 3,
7, 5; ice in, 6, 167; Indians on, 6, 109;
Clark at, 1, 4, 25; Lewis, 6, 126, 137;
camp on, 1, xxxi, xxxii, lvi, 3, 8, 28, 4, 95,
6, 56, 7, 415; journals commenced at, 7, 3,
4, 29; departure from, 6, 173, 174, 232, 245;
astronomical observation taken, 6, 231, 233;
meteorology, 6, 165; map of camp, 1, 15.East Medicine Knoll, location, 1, 162.
Elk, Yellowstone affluent, 6, 75; Indian
name, 5, 21.Elkhorn (Corne des cerfes, Hart's Horn),
described, 6, 40; source, 6, 42, 44, 46;
width, 1, 90; affluent of Platte, 1, 87, 90;
Indians on, 6, 85, 87.English, traders on, 1, 306.
Femme Osage (Osage Woman's), distance
up Missouri, 6, 56; Missouri affluent,
6, 30; minerals on, 6, 162; Indians, 6, 112;
expedition, 1, 26, 27.Fields, branch of Jefferson, 5, 256; distance
up Missouri, 6, 75.Fire, character of banks, 1, 65.
Fish (Chewah), expedition on, 1, 198.
Flathead. See Clearwater.
Floyd (River of the Sioux), described, 6,
44, 47; distance up Missouri, 6, 58, 59;
named, 1, 114, 6, 44, 7, 325; Indians on,
6, 88; expedition, 1, 114, 115, 5, 376; hunting
on, 1, 44.Fraser, Indian name for, 3, 60; Kansas
affluent, 6, 36; cranberries on, 4, 19; discovered
by Mackenzie, 1, xviii, 3, 60.Gallatin, described, 5, 259, 260, 262–264;
named, 2, 280, 281; distance up Missouri,
6, 63, 77; Missouri affluent, 7, 340; expedition
on, 2, 281, 282, 6, 13, 7, 131, 419;
Clark, 5, 256, 259, 260, 6, 79; trails, 5, 150,
152, 261, 265, 6, 78.Gasconade (Gasnage), distance up Missouri,
6, 3, 56; described, 6, 30; width, 1,
35; plants on, 6, 143; expedition, 1, 34,
35, 5, 389, 7, 6, 32; astronomical observation
taken, 6, 234; latitude, 7, 189, 190.Gibson's, distance up Missouri, 6, 61, 75.
Good-woman's (Bonne Femme), described,
6, 33; distance up Missouri, 6, 57;
source, 6, 34; expedition on, 1, 42, 43.Goose, trade on, 1, 5.
Grand (Wetarhoo, Weterhoo), described,
6, 34, 49, 7, 10; identified, 1, 183, 184; distance
up Missouri, 6, 4, 57, 59, 7, 189;
source, 6, 36, 37, 50; size, 1, 115; navigable,
5071, 47; mouth, 1, 50; Indians on, 6,
34, 84–86; expedition, 1, 47, 48, 5, 356,
388, 7, 10, 35, 36; astronomical observation
taken, 6, 237, 256; latitude, 7, 190.Grand Nemaha (Nemahar, Nemihaw,
Nimmehaw), described, 5, 382; distance
up Missouri, 6, 5, 7, 189; Indians on, 6,
85; expedition, 5, 381; astronomical observation
taken, 6, 243.Grand Osage (Granzoe), distance up
Missouri, 6, 3, 56; width, 7, 7, 33; expedition
at, 7, 7, 33; astronomical observation
taken, 6, 234; latitude, 7, 189, 190.Grande Ronde, affluent of Lewis, 3, 104.
Great Lake, branch of Clark's, 4, 363,
365; Indians on, 6, 106.Great Porcupine, sketch, 5, 304.
Hall's, distance up Missouri, 6, 75; named,
5, 298.Heart (Chesschetar, Chisscheter, Chisschetor,
Chisshetaw), described, 6, 50;
distance up Missouri, 6, 59, 7, 190; Kansas
affluent, 6, 36; Indians on, 1, 201, 261,
271; Clark, 1, 260; expedition, 5, 346.Hellgate, described, 5, 188, 189; affluent
of Clark's, 3, 55, 60, 5, 184, 188, 189; untimbered,
3, 59; forms pass to Missouri, 3,
58, 59, 62; Lewis on, 5, 184.Hood, identified, 3, 171.
Hudson, trade highway, 7, 208.
Ibex, distance up Missouri, 6, 75; named,
5, 316; Clark on, 5, 317.Illinois, Missouri affluent, 6, 30; larks
on, 4, 132, 134; Indians on, 1, 26, 6, 92;
trade highway, 7, 208.Iowa, British traders on, 7, 374.
James (Dakota, Jacque, Yankton), described,
6, 45, 46; location, 1, 123, 196;
distance up Missouri, 6, 58, 7, 189; source,
1, 190, 6, 47, 49, 7, 315; width, 1, 129;
navigable, 1, 129; fowl on, 2, 179, 4, 148,
6, 121; horses, 2, 347; Indians, 1, 126,
127, 133, 6, 93, 95, 96; fortifications, 1, 137;
traders, 5, 378; trade highway, 7, 208; expedition
on, 1, 126, 5, 372, 7, 53.Jefferson (Beaverhead), Missouri affluent,
7, 340; distance up Missouri, 6, 63, 77;
to Traveller's Rest Creek, 6, 77; named,
2, 280, 281; course, 2, 344, 5, 257, 258;
source, 2, 268; current rapid, 2, 298–300,
302, 304, 323, 325; crooked, 2, 286, 289,
296, 320, 322, 323, 325, 327, 328; width, 2,
289, 298, 299, 317, 320; islands in, 2, 289,
292, 296, 301, 302, 304, 306, 309, 317, 322,
323; affluents, 2, 290, 292, 5, 256; mineral
salts, 2, 304; soil, 2, 291, 298, 299, 312;
timber, 2, 289, 296, 298, 299, 303, 306, 309,
319, 320, 322, 327; fish, 2, 304, 306; fowl,
2, 301, 304, 306, 309; birds, 5, 82; game,
2, 320, 5, 261; grasses, 3, 45; fruit, 2, 298–
300, 303; navigable, 2, 326; Indians on, 2,
283, 304, 306, 309, 5, 106, 160, 161, 6, 21;
expedition on, 2, 281, 286, 287, 319, 327, 6,
13, 7, 130, 131, 416, 419; Lewis wades,
2, 298, 299; explores forks, 2, 306–317;
forks named, 2, 316, 317, 323; Clark on,
2, 318, 345, 350, 365, 367, 369, 5, 176, 179,
181, 253, 256, 6, 79; Clark's courses and
distances, 6, 14–23; portage, 6, 64; cache
on, 6, 77, 79; astronomical observation
taken, 7, 139; map, 4, 68, 70.John Day (Kekemarke, Le Page, Youmalolam),
distance down Columbia, 6, 66;
origin of name, 3, 144; Indian name, 3,
253; source, 4, 336, 338; no fish in, 3,
264; Indians on, 6, 115, 118; expedition,
3, 144, 4, 327.Judith. See Big Horn.
Kacure. See Niobrara.
Kalama, expedition passes, 3, 200, 202.
Kansas (Canceze, Cansies, Decaugh,
Kansias, Kanzas), described, 6, 35; distance
up Missouri, 6, 4, 35, 39, 57, 7, 314; Missouri
affluent, 7, 311; source, 1, 43, 73, 2,
67, 82, 6, 31, 37, 41, 7, 315; width, 1, 60, 7,
14, 39; water bad, 1, 61; affluents, 1, 75, 6,
36; salines on, 6, 268; beaver, 1, 40; vegetation,
6, 147, 148; Indians on, 1, 67, 137,
6, 83, 84, 86, 87, 92, 108, 7, 39; fur-trade, 1,
189; site for post, 5, 385, 6, 35; expedition,
1, 59, 61, 62, 5, 385, 7, 14, 38, 39; horse
found on, 1, 74, 94; hunters, 7, 8; Clark,
5, 329; Lewis, 7, 279; astronomical observation
taken, 6, 239; latitude, 7, 189, 190.Kaskaskia, Kickapoo on, 1, 26.
Kekemarke. See John Day.
Kilamox. See Wilson.
Kimooenem, width, 7, 175; rapids in, 7,
175; salmon in, 7, 174; Indians on, 7, 174,
181; expedition, 3, 101, 102, 105.Klaskanine (Kilhawanackkle, Kilhawanakkle,
Kilhowanakle), affluent of Young's
Bay, 3, 270, 4, 137; hunting on, 4, 77, 135,
137, 143, 145, 151, 153; falls, 4, 137.Klickitat (Cataract), described, 3, 168–
170; Indians on, 3, 168, 170, 4, 289, 6, 115,
119; expedition, 3, 167, 170, 4, 284, 285, 6,
22.Knife, described, 6, 50; location, 1, 217,
299; distance up Missouri, 6, 50, 61; width,
6, 51; water clear, 1, 314; Indians on, 1,
208, 244, 271, 6, 91; name for, 5, 21; site
for post, 6, 52.Kooskooskee. See Clearwater.
Labiche (Laabeech, Labeich, Labieche),
described, 5, 303; identified, 3, 171; named,
5, 302; distance from Missouri, 6, 75; down
Columbia, 6, 67; source, 4, 279, 281; Indians
on, 6, 116.La Charette. See Chariton.
Lander's Fork, Lewis on, 5, 193.
Latah (Lartow), branch of Columbia, 5,
94; falls, 5, 94; Indians on, 4, 363, 6, 119.Leaf, trade on, 1, 5.
le Boulet. See Cannon Ball.
Lemhi, described, 2, 342, 343; affluent
of Salmon, 2, 366, 3, 103; crooked, 2, 348,
351; current swift, 2, 348, 349, 351, 353,
358; rapids, 2, 348, 349, 351, 353, 359;
rocks, 2, 351, 353; trout, 2, 352, 359, 368,
369, 376; beaver, 2, 375; timber scarce, 2,
343, 351, 358, 359, 364; Indians on, 2, 366,
369; expedition, 2, 335, 366, 380, 3, 47–49;
courses and distances, 3, 39; cache, 2, 375,
376.Lepage. See John Day.
Lewis (Cahwahnakiooks, Cathlapotle,
Snake), described, 4, 214; location, 4, 214;
distance from Missouri, 6, 64; down Columbia,
6, 65, 66, 68, 72; named, 3, 103; Indian
name, 3, 101, 120, 4, 214; source, 5,
320; width, 3, 105, 120, 128, 5, 100, 102,
103, 6, 264, 7, 169; color, 3, 102, 104; narrows, 3, 117; rapids, 3, 107–119, 4, 217,
5, 100–103, 7, 171–173, 177; rocks, 3, 115;
islands, 3, 117; junction with columbia, 3,
118, 4, 181, 182, 214, 248, 328, 330, 335, 338;
with Clearwater, 3, 101–106, 120; with
Alpowa Creek, 4, 354; navigation good, 7,
339; affluents of, 3, 101–103, 107, 109, 112,
4, 308, 336, 338, 339, 351; country described,
3, 109, 110, 112, 116, 117, 4, 354, 356, 5, 137;
divide, 3, 64; timber scarce, 3, 107, 109–
112, 116, 7, 171–173; game, 3, 117, 5, 99,
102; birds, 4, 125, 131; salmon, 5, 26, 55,
57, 67, 104, 105, 6, 216; fishing, 5, 64, 65,
68, 71, 95, 97, 100–103, 110, 261; Indians, 3,
78, 102, 104, 145, 4, 77, 212, 222, 224, 241,
289, 351–353, 355, 357, 371, 5, 5, 18, 24, 26,
57–59, 94, 99, 110, 112, 117–120, 150, 152,
158, 188, 254, 321, 6, 114, 115, 117, 119; expedition,
3, 107–118, 4, 167, 217, 232, 235,
251, 353, 355, 357, 6, 199, 7, 169, 417;
Clark explores, 7, 340; route to Pacific, 4,
346, 5, 150, 152, 6, 74, 7, 338; Indian information,
3, 104; maps of, 3, 85, 102, 114,
5, 5, 9; astronomical observation taken, 6,
263.Lewis and Clark (Netul), distance from
Missouri, 6, 69; source, 3, 285; direction,
5, 136, 251; tide in, 3, 281; timber on, 4,
143; game, 3, 280, 281, 359, 360, 4, 40, 42,
140, 142; ice in, 6, 206; traders on, 7, 398;
Fort Clatsop, 4, 17, 19, 20, 7, 342; expedition,
3, 255–267, 270, 316; Collins, 4, 54,
55, 114, 115, 118; R. Fields, 4, 118; Gass,
4, 30, 33; Labieche and Shannon, 4, 52, 53,
87, 88; Wiser, 4, 54, 55; hunting, 4, 19, 20,
39, 40, 43, 44, 59, 60, 72, 75, 84, 85, 109, 112,
135, 136, 143, 145, 151, 153, 155, 156, 159,
161, 163, 165, 194–196.Lezeka. See Tongue.
Little, hunters from, 7, 9.
Little Big Horn, source, 5, 307; branch
of Big Horn, 5, 297, 305; sketch, 5, 297.Little Blue, identified, 1, 57.
Little Chariton (Shariton), described, 6,
34; source, 6, 33, 34.Little Desioux. See Stone.
Little Dry River, distance up Missouri,
6, 61; bed of, 2, 3, 4; expedition on, 2,
3, 5, 6; Lewis, 5, 235.Little Horn, distance up Missouri, 6, 75.
Little Knife, expedition on, 5, 330.
Little Missouri (Emâhtark′-ahzhah), described,
6, 51; distance up Missouri, 6, 60,
61, 7, 332; Indian name, 5, 21, Missouri
affluent, 7, 316; water clear, 1, 314; game
on, 5, 238; timber, 1, 298, 299; minerals,
1, 293, 311; character of, 1, 298–300; navigation,
1, 298, 300; Indians, 1, 162, 163,
248, 296; expedition, 1, 216, 297, 5, 337;
astronomical observation taken, 6, 263.Little Muddy (Mirey), expedition on, 1,
36–38, 7, 6, 33.Little Nemahar, described, 6, 38; distance
up Missouri, 6, 57; trees on, 6, 141; expedition,
7, 18, 42; latitude, 6, 57.Little Nodaway (Woody), 7, 41.
Little Osage, expedition on, 7, 5; astronomical
observation taken, 6, 238.Little Sioux. See Stone.
Little Platte (Shoal), described, 6, 36;
distance up Missouri, 6, 57; width, 1, 62,
7, 14; mill sites on, 6, 36; expedition, 1,
62, 63; astronomical observation taken, 6,
242.Little Wolf. See Windsor.
Lochsa, Clearwater affluent, 5, 140; trail
on, 3, 66; cañon of, 3, 66, 67; affluent of,
3, 72.Lolo Fork. See Nahwah.
Loup. See Wolf.
Mackenzie, Mackenzie on, 1, xviii; Indian
information, 7, 153.Madison, distance up Missouri, 6, 63;
from Yellowstone, 6, 77; named, 2, 280,
509281; Missouri affluent, 7, 340; source, 2,
321, 322, 4, 69, 70; country described, 5,
259; trail, 5, 150, 152, 260; expedition on,
2, 281, 6, 13, 7, 128, 129, 131; Clark, 5,
256, 259.Manitou (Big Devil), described, 6, 33;
distance up Missouri, 6, 57; salines on, 1,
42; expedition on, 1, 42, 43, 7, 8, 34.Maropa. See Beaver Dam.
Maria, described, 2, 131, 5, 209–215, 219,
332, 333; distance up Missouri, 6, 62;
identified, 2, 10; named, 2, 130, 7, 97; Indian
name for, 2, 10, 5, 21; course, 2, 132;
width, 2, 110, 131, 133, 5, 332, 7, 94; color, 7,
97; affluents, 2, 142, 5, 206, 212, 213, 7, 94;
compared with Milk River, 5, 234; fish in, 2,
143, 7, 99; trees on, 2, 179, 5, 208; game, 5,
217, 229; Indians, 5, 216, 222, 223, 334;
trading post, 5, 321, 6, 74; Lewis explores,
1, xxxiii, 2, 225, 5, 105, 106, 147, 175, 176,
179, 200, 203, 208, 209, 212, 213, 219, 222,
284, 332–334, 6, 28, 78; Gass, 5, 228, 335;
expedition, 2, 137, 5, 227, 376, 6, 192, 7, 93,
94, 97, 7, 418; cache, 2, 140; astronomical
observation taken, 5, 210, 216, 217, 6, 265;
latitude, 7, 190.Marshaskap, described, 5, 305; distance
up Missouri, 6, 75; Yellowstone affluent,
6, 53, 60.Martha. See Big Muddy.
Medicine (Mahpahpahahzhah, Mahpatpuh.
Sun), identified, 2, 157; described,
5, 197, 200, 6, 54; distance up Missouri, 6,
60, 62, 72; named, 2, 177; Indian name, 5,
21; source, 3, 60; course, 2, 167; width,
2, 171, 217, 6, 7; affluents, 2, 135, 5, 196,
6, 28; rapids in, 5, 198; islands, 5, 198;
mouth, 2, 215, 236; distance from mouth
to falls, 2, 184; mountains, 6, 28; character
of country, 2, 175; game, 2, 172, 179, 182–
184, 188; Lewis explores, 2, 155, 157, 158,
181, 5, 194–196, 198, 200, 204, 331; Shannon,
7, 106, 107; expedition, 6, 5, 7, 103, 104, 106.Medicine Hill. See Tyler.
Meramec (Marameg), source, 6, 31;
mines on, 6, 161, 7, 300.Milk, described, 2, 9, 10, 12–14, 5, 234;
origin of name, 2, 10, 14; location, 5, 211,
214; distance up Missouri, 6, 61, 7, 79, 333;
color, 6, 61; affluents, 1, 362; bed changes,
5, 236; Indians on, 2, 12, 13; expedition,
5, 233, 7, 79.Mine, described, 6, 34; distance up Missouri,
6, 4, 57; source, 1, 58, 6, 33–35;
size, 1, 79; lead mines, 6, 34; salt springs,
1, 43; fortifications, 1, 137; expedition, 1,
40, 43, 44, 54, 5, 388.Minnaesa (or Big Water), Indian legend
of, 6, 267.Minnesota (St. Peters), source, 1, 115,
126, 129, 190, 6, 44, 7, 315; falls, 6, 93, 94;
Indians on, 1, 132, 133, 6, 94–96, 7, 387; exploration,
7, 282; fur-trade, 1, 5, 267, 6, 45,
46, 89, 93, 98, 7, 355; traders, 1, xxiii, 5,
286, 7, 373, 374; Clark's map, 1, 280, 286.Miry. See Big Muddy.
Mississippi, source, 7, 250; distances from
Missouri to Columbia, 6, 65–69, 74; rapid
current, 6, 39; rise and fall, 6, 165; navigation,
1, 17; outlet, 1, xix, 2, 327; affluents,
1, 126, 246, 6, 29, 30, 35, 38, 45, 56, 7, 311,
314–316; character of soil, 1, 7; plants, 4,
349, 6, 142; grapes, 6, 141; timber, 5, 181,
6, 143, 145; animals, 1, 110, 7, 316; fowl,
1, 295, 4, 145, 147, 149, 152, 154; birds, 6,
121, 123, 126; minerals, 5, 375, 6, 162; limestone,
6, 31, 160; Indians, 1, 132, 133, 6,
86, 92–98, 100, 108–110, 7, 315, 382, 384,
394, 398; trade on, 5, 394, 7, 373, 374, 377,
378, 388; posts, 7, 213, 375, 387; expedition
on, 4, 70, 5, 394, 7, 298; Lewis to
explore, 7, 214, 219, 227, 282; American
troops, 5, 381; Chouteau's chart, 7, 300.Missoula, formed, 3, 55, 5, 94, 184.
Missouri, Indian name for, 2, 113; described,
5, 229, 230, 349, 377, 388; compared
with Yellowstone, 5, 302, 309; source, 2,
335, 7, 258; mouth, 6, 29, 35, 38; descent to
mouth, 2, 327; color, 2, 97, 106, 114, 208,
5, 234, 303, 320, 6, 269, 7, 60; water brackish,
2, 52, 63, 174; bed, 2, 256, 259, 262;
channel shifting, 1, 98–101, 114, 117, 179,
181, 262, 2, 168; crooked, 1, 334, 336, 2,
23, 48, 50, 54, 56, 58, 153, 231, 233, 236, 243,
245, 250; current, 1, 86, 98, 107, 177, 191,
293, 307, 311, 2, 64, 67, 70–72, 85, 87, 97, 146,
152, 159, 162, 208, 227, 234, 236, 241, 247,
248, 251, 255, 259, 262, 265, 268, 271, 274,
275, 282, 286, 332, 5, 297, 6, 39, 7, 88, 89,
92, 100, 101, 119–121, 124, 132, 310, 314;
width, 1, 19, 37, 237, 304, 339, 341, 362, 2,
17, 19, 41, 43, 52, 55, 61, 85, 87, 88, 90, 103,
105–107, 124, 148, 153, 167, 188, 217, 234,
236, 241, 245, 247, 255, 258, 273, 5, 204, 6, 6,
7, 12, 15, 31, 7, 7, 33, 85, 94; depth, 2, 205,
206; water low, 1, 126, 6, 169, 179; floods,
6, 219; torrents, 2, 196, 197; affluents, 1,
79, 103, 139, 263, 2, 3, 4, 10, 6, 29, 7, 295,
320, 332, 333; junction with Yellowstone,
1, 337, 340, 342, 5, 318, 319; color of affluents,
2, 133, 192; water purgative, 1, 116,
2, 63; mineral springs, 2, 163, 165, 169, 174;
obstructions in, 1, 40, 44, 48–50, 52–55, 59,
61, 64, 68, 69, 77, 81, 83, 84, , 99, 102, 103,
510127, 143–145, 148, 172, 175, 197, 203, 205,
206, 314, 316, 319, 2, 6, 8, 48, 50, 72, 85–87,
90, 97, 100, 152, 161, 166, 185, 187, 231, 269,
271, 275, 296, 300, 304, 306, 2, 48, 50, 72,
85–87, 90, 97, 100, 152, 161, 166, 269, 271,
275, 296, 300, 304, 306, 309, 310, 328, 336,
337; ice, 1, 220–223, 227, 228, 232, 235,
242, 250, 251, 253, 261, 278–280, 4, 229,
231, 6, 167–169, 171, 179, 180, 182–187, 7,
311, 331; thickness of, 6, 167, 170, 182;
melts, 1, 268, 275; navigation difficult, 1,
17, 27, 28, 36, 37, 5, 234, 7, 309–312; navigation
on, 2, 326, 4, 68, 70, 5, 282, 322, 380–
383, 386, 387, 390, 391, 7, 339; islands in,
2, 106–109, 112, 122, 152, 171, 221, 236, 242,
253, 255, 259, 262–264, 266, 267, 271, 273–
275, 332, 333, 337, 6, 6, 7, 99, 118–121, 124,
126; rapids, 2, 80, 81, 84, 93–96, 234, 241,
247, 255, 265, 269, 296, 6, 62, 63, 141, 7, 89,
101, 116, 121, 125, 127, 128, 135; Big Bend:
described, 1, 158; width, 1, 159; expedition
at, 1, 68, 157, 6, 47, 7, 60, 189; Falls, 1,
246, 2, 135, 136, 147–149, 152, 155, 5, 204, 6,
24, 56, 7, 101; described, 2, 147–150, 168,
170, 171, 5, 204, 6, 54; distance up Missouri,
6, 60, 62; compared with Columbia,
2, 366; height, 2, 170, 6, 5–7, 62, 72; estimates
vary, 6, 5; width of river at, 2, 168,
170, 186; cascades in, 2, 153–155, 165, 167;
no fish near, 2, 187; Lewis at, 2, 147–159,
5, 204, 207; portage, 2, 159, 161–229, 6,
8, 54, 7, 102, 105–114, 340; length of portage,
2, 183, 184; character, 6, 54, 55; Clark's
survey, 2, 167, 6, 5–8, 55, 7, 102–104; route
to Pacific, 6, 56, 74; sketch maps, 2, 176,
178, 210, 218, 228; Three Forks: described,
2, 276, 277, 7, 420; stone at, 3, 19; Indians,
6, 55; expedition, 2, 112–129, 269, 271, 276,
6, 60, 7, 121, 340, 416; site for post, 2, 282;
climate, 1, 90, 93, 94, 100, 2, 96, 97, 123, 204,
205, 208–211, 298, 299, 315, 5, 379–381, 6,
186; dew, 2, 161, 176, 200, 209, 233, 320,
6, 188; fogs, 2, 33, 36, 47–49; winds, 1, 326,
328, 330–334, 336, 345, 356, 357, 359, 360,
2, 6, 7, 9, 20, 22, 23, 31, 57, 61, 97, 99, 109,
187, 204, 205, 208, 209, 221, 223, 224, 227;
hurricane, 1, 94; soil, 1, 7, 39, 42, 44, 45,
100, 101, 159, 2, 3, 15, 19, 23, 24, 29, 41, 56,
58, 68, 77, 84, 291, 332, 338, 7, 310, 311, 315,
324; character of banks, 1, 39, 43, 45, 81,
83, 86, 94, 95, 100, 106, 117, 118, 127, 133,
134, 137, 140, 145–147, 159, 180, 194, 198,
214, 288, 289, 323, 324, 2, 74, 77, 78, 85, 86,
97, 99–107, 109, 121, 122, 146, 150, 152, 159,
167, 187, 231, 240, 241, 243, 245, 248, 250,
251, 255, 262, 265, 290, 5, 229, 6, 62, 7, 125;
Burnt Hills, 1, 118–120, 315–318, 331, 348,
352, 353, 362, 365, 2, 80, 84–86, 103, 5, 239,
240, 309, 6, 58, 163, 164, 225; causes of, 1,
119; character of country, 1, 51–54, 57, 59,
64, 65, 67, 73, 75, 78, 79, 83, 85, 86, 91, 94,
95, 100, 106, 127, 134, 135, 142, 147, 151, 153,
156, 176, 198–200, 204, 208, 290–293, 296,
299, 307, 308, 312, 314–316, 329, 334, 348,
349, 352, 357, 362, 365–367, 369, 373, 2, 3,
6–8, 13–15, 23, 33, 39–41, 43, 45, 46, 48, 49,
55, 56, 58, 59, 61, 68, 74, 77, 81, 83, 85, 86,
88, 106, 107, 109, 112, 117, 122, 134, 144,
145, 147–151, 155, 173, 184, 186, 187, 194,
208, 212, 227–229, 231, 233–235, 245, 247,
249, 252, 255, 262, 268, 269, 271, 272, 275–
277, 282, 292, 311, 332, 5, 199, 307, 331, 332,
356, 359, 361, 372, 373, 385, 7, 99, 126, 129,
130, 133, 249, 250; minerals on, 1, 39, 43,
116, 117, 125, 140, 146, 161, 178, 199, 289,
290, 295, 305, 307, 311–315, 322, 328, 2, 57,
60, 61, 103, 6, 58, 158–164, 7, 51, 53, 315;
stone, 1, 81, 83, 86, 99, 106, 108, 116, 125,
141, 145, 159, 162, 176, 300, 329, 363, 2, 10,
68, 74, 77, 78, 85, 96, 152, 161, 212, 234, 241,
248, 250, 262, 269, 275, 290, 296, 6, 31, 33,
229; metals, 1, 83, 84, 119, 2, 187, 6, 33;
coal, 1, 18, 58, 69, 145, 146, 200, 209, 214,
288, 289, 291–294, 296, 305, 311, 315, 316,
322, 329, 331, 348–350, 352, 353, 362, 365,
2, 42, 44, 74, 80, 85, 86, 93, 96, 103, 105, 107,
121, 146, 5, 305, 6, 225, 7, 315; salts, 2, 3,
6–8, 15, 23, 27, 41, 43, 45, 52, 59, 62, 63, 80,
84–86, 93, 121; quartz, 2, 15, 19, 23, 27, 74,
80, 85; petrifactions, 6, 159, 160; timber,
1, 39, 50, 51, 54, 63, 67, 73–75, 77, 78, 82,
83, 85, 86, 94, 95, 100, 103, 108, 116, 127,
134, 143, 148–150, 152, 176, 191, 193, 199,
204, 205, 213, 215–218, 291–294, 299, 300,
307, 312, 315, 316, 319, 323, 333, 352, 354,
357, 367, 2, 27, 45, 46, 57, 68, 74, 78, 83–85,
99, 103, 105, 109, 123, 124, 144, 145, 159,
162, 163, 179, 184, 187, 188, 208, 227, 231,
233, 236, 241, 247, 257–259, 268, 271, 290,
294, 332, 5, 181, 219, 243, 6, 43, 269, 7, 102,
104, 106, 127, 134, 135, 324; flowers, 1, 68,
300, 323, 2, 57, 58, 114, 131, 179, 231, 233,
260; fruit, 1, 58, 63, 68, 75, 77, 80, 94, 96,
115, 122, 124, 138, 152, 161, 191, 323, 2, 114,
117, 179, 184, 187, 213, 236, 238, 258, 260,
261, 4, 286, 7, 101; plants, 1, 307, 311, 6,
140–158; shrubs, 5, 254; grain, 1, 73, 77,
79, 111, 180, 183; grasses, 3, 45; birds, 1,
59, 81, 104, 107, 123, 150, 152, 174, 197, 300,
2, 7, 44, 130, 131, 140, 141, 146, 162, 184,
186, 213, 217, 225, 258, 5, 75, 234; game, 1,
34, 35, 37–39, 41–43, 45, 46, 53, 54, 57, 58,
62, 64–66, 69, 85, 87, 90, 91, 96, 97, 99, 104
511106, 108, 118, 123, 140, 141, 143, 145, 148,
149, 151, 152, 155, 159, 162, 172, 176, 180,
181, 183, 195, 196, 199, 201, 202, 210, 213,
217, 219, 220, 222, 234–238, 268, 278, 279,
288, 289, 291, 292, 294–296, 308, 312, 314,
316, 317, 319, 327, 329–335, 348, 351, 353,
356, 357, 370, 2, 4, 7, 17, 27, 29, 31, 33, 45,
47, 60, 103, 109, 142–145, 162, 170, 173, 255,
258, 260, 293, 295, 320, 376, 4, 89, 90, 92–95,
97, 110, 112–115, 117, 119, 121, 122, 126, 132,
134–136, 149, 155, 158, 159, 162, 286, 345,
5, 34, 38, 59, 65, 69, 70, 72–74, 80, 81, 83, 86,
89, 91, 93, 177, 199, 216, 229, 359, 385, 6,
125, 128, 169–175, 269, 7, 99–105, 311, 325,
332, 335, 336; fish, 1, 72, 90, 93, 95, 104,
110, 111, 134, 159, 2, 60, 142, 143, 160, 172,
187, 221, 225, 258, 284, 370, 4, 160, 161, 167,
169, 174, 7, 99, 101, 102, 107; Indians, 1,
26, 130, 132, 133, 220, 243, 246, 254, 271,
293, 2, 11, 13, 20, 80, 84, 92, 93, 98, 99, 106,
108, 122, 124, 128, 146, 152, 227, 234, 235,
249, 250, 300, 304, 306, 374, 3, 27, 54, 106,
4, 229, 231, 5, 24, 27, 28, 69, 72, 79, 106, 176,
179, 188, 205, 282, 299–301, 340, 353, 361,
384, 6, 4, 8, 57, 58, 84, 88, 90–92, 94, 96–99,
102, 104, 113, 114, 120, 7, 141, 143, 208, 251;
mounds, 1, 202; rock paintings, 1, 40, 42;
ancient fortification described, 1, 135–137,
193, 194; sketch plans, 1, 136; superstition
concerning hill, 1, 119, 121; roads, 2, 263,
264, 266, 267, 311, 317, 325, 3, 11, 15, 17, 50,
51, 58, 59, 62, 5, 95, 98, 180, 184, 185, 192,
195, 228, 262, 263, 268, 331, 332; traders
on, 1, xxiii, 4, 303, 5, 243, 6, 78, 329, 393,
7, 373–381, 398; Aird, 5, 374; Bradbury, 5,
351; Henney, 5, 285; trade, 1, 34, 175, 176,
198, 205, 5, 286, 6, 45, 46, 52, 53, 7, 282,
335, 369–388, 398; forts on, 1, 49, 50, 92, 5,
24, 79, 283, 285, 286, 321, 6, 106, 266, 7, 377,
387; Spanish control, 7, 373; explorations,
1, xix, xxi, 7, 198, 199, 202, 212, 214, 226,
228, 231, 248, 291, 309; American troops, 5,
375, 392, 393; expedition on, 1, xxxi–xxxiii,
4, 68–70, 181, 182, 369, 371, 5, 161, 162, 183–
395, 6, 226, 7, 281, 282, 298, 307, 324, 328;
Dubois to Platte, 1, 3–88; Platte to Vermilion,
1, 89–120; Vermilion to Teton, 1,
121–163; Teton to Mandan, 1, 164–207;
Mandan to Yellowstone, 1, 277–347; Yellowstone
to Musselshell, 1, 348–374, 2, 3–
62; Musselshell to Maria's, 2, 63–129;
Maria's to Great Falls, 2, 130–177; portage
at Falls, 2, 178–229; Falls to Three
Forks, 2, 330–280; Three Forks to Beaver's
Head, 2, 281–328; Beaver's Head to Divide,
2, 329–360; caches on, 4, 39, 40, 81, 192,
194, 7, 320; settlements on, 1, 23, 5, 390,
392; maps, 1, 162, 163, 195, 198, 200, 266,
267, 2, 259, 4, 68–71, 181, 182, 5, 201, 6, 53,
7, 291, 292, 318, 327, 328, 332; of great falls,
2, 192, 203, 209, 211, 5, 205, 6, 67.Moingona, exploration of, 7, 282.
Montbrun, expedition at, 1, 36.
Moreau (Murrow, Owl, Sarwarcana, Sarwarkarnahar,
Sirwarkahna), described, 6,
49; identified, 1, 182; distance up Missouri,
6, 59; Indians on, 1, 182; expedition, 5,
358, 7, 9, 67.Mouse (Souris), location, 1, 238; affluent
of Assiniboin, 1, 312, 314; affluents, 1, 290;
Indians on, 1, 241; trade, 1, 5, 6, 5, 329, 6,
52, 104, 105, 268, 269, 7, 336; distance from
Missouri, 6, 61.Muddy, described, 6, 31; width, 6, 31;
distance up Missouri, 6, 56; expedition on,
1, 36, 38.Multnomah (Multnawah). See Willamette.
Musselshell (Cockle), described, 2, 51,
52, 56, 6, 54, 7, 85; distance up Missouri,
6, 60, 61; Indian names, 2, 51, 5, 21; Missouri
affluent, 2, 58, 60; source, 2, 51, 54;
width, 2, 52, 55; flow of water, 2, 92; timber,
2, 219; lands fertile, 2, 212, 6, 52; Indians
on, 6, 115; expedition on, 2, 50–56,
7, 416; Lewis, 5, 231, 232.Nachurichingar, salines on, 6, 268.
Nahwah (Lolo Fork), described, 5, 42;
trail, 5, 135.Natchitoches, Indians on, 6, 112, 113.
Neangua, Indians on, 6, 83.
Necanicum. See Clatsop.
Nehalem (Ecola or Whale Creek), distance
from Missouri, 6, 71; whale found
near, 3, 324, 325; Clark on, 4, 49.Nemaha (Namahar, Nemihaw), described,
6, 37; Missouri affluent, 1, 74;
explored, 1, 75; latitude, 7, 190.Nemo, Indians on, 6, 119.
Nenesch (Niscud), salines on, 6, 268.
Neosho, affluent of Arkansas, 6, 267.
Netul. See Lewis and Clark.
New Timbered. see Wind.
Nez Percé, Bitter Root affluent, 5, 247.
Niagara, Ellicott surveys, 7, 220.
Niobrara (Kacure, Quecurre, Qui Court,
Quicurre, Quiequur, Rapid), described, 1,
138, 139, 5, 370, 6, 46, 47; names, 1, 125;
distance up Missouri, 6, 58, 7, 189, 315;
source, 6, 40, 41; Missouri affluent, 1, 29;
plants on, 6, 140, 155; timber, 6, 46; minerals,
6, 160, 161; mines, 6, 46; country
described, 5, 372; Indians on, 6, 88, 99;
explored, 1, 50; expedition on, 5, 370, 7, 56.Nishnabatona (Neeshnahbatono, Nishnahbatona),
described, 6, 37, 38; distance
up Missouri, 6, 57, 58; source, 6, 37, 42;
size, 1, 79; expedition on, 7, 18, 42.Nodaway (Nadawa, Nadiway, Nordaway),
described, 6, 37; distance up Missouri,
6, 4, 57, 7, 189; source, 6, 36, 37;
Missouri affluent, 1, 70, 71; width, 1, 70,
101; expedition on, 1, 78, 92, 93, 5, 382, 7,
16, 41; latitude, 7, 190.North. See Del Norte.
Oaktarponer. See Coal.
Ocuivre. See Cuivre.
Ohio, current, 1, 293, 307, 311; minerals,
6, 161; birds, 6, 123; fowl, 4, 143, 145, 147,
150–152, 154; plants, 4, 349, 350; fish, 1,
110; trade highway, 7, 208; military posts,
7, 213; Hardin's expedition, 1, xxviii; W.
Clark (2), 1, xxix; Lewis, 1, xxxi, 6, 233,
7, 227, 228, 261, 270, 271.Oisconsin. See Wisconsin.
Oketarpasahha, affluent of Yellowstone,
6, 52, 53, 60.Osage (Osarge), described, 5, 389, 6, 31,
32; distance up Missouri, 6, 31, 39; source,
1, 43, 6, 31, 32; width, 1, 37, 6, 31; salines
on, 1, 38, 6, 32; minerals, 6, 163, 7, 300;
plants, 6, 143, 144; fruit, 7, 295; trees, 6,
141; bees, 2, 141; game, 7, 311; Indians,
1, 49, 6, 83, 84, 86, 268; fortifications, 1,
137; expedition, 1, 37, 38, 5, 389.Osage Woman. See Femme Osage.
Ossinebine (Orsiniboine). See Assiniboin.
Ottawa, Allumette Island in, 4, 309.
Otter. See Creek: Sweetgrass.
Owl. See Moreau.
Paduca, fork of Platte, 6, 41; Indians
on, 6, 101, 108; exploration of, 7, 282.Pârnashte. See Salmon.
Palouse, distance down Columbia, 6, 65;
affluent of Lewis, 3, 112, 115.Pani, exploration of, 7, 282.
Panther (Painter), in Missouri, 7, 6, 33.
Park. See Moreau.
Pembina (Pembenar), source, 1, 5; Indians,
6, 109, 110; fur-trade on, 1, 5, 238;
bounds Sioux territory, 6, 98; salt works
on, 1, 6.Pemicon (Paemicon), trade on, 1, 5.
de Petite Cuouex, French name for Stone
River, 1, 103.Philanthropy (Stinking Water), described,
5, 257; identified, 2, 316; distance
up Missouri, 6, 63; Jefferson affluent, 5,
256; mouth, 2, 320, 322; Indians on, 1, 185;
expedition, 2, 316, 317, 6, 19, 7, 131.Philosophy (Philosophers; WillowCreek),
distance up Missouri, 6, 63; Jefferson affluent,
2, 290, 291; beaver on, 6, 63; expedition
on, 2, 271, 6, 5, 7, 131.Pierced Wood, trade on, 1, 5.
Platte (Shoal), described, 5, 380, 6, 38–42,
7, 19, 43; location, 1, 339; distance up
Missouri, 6, 5, 58, 7, 314, 324; source, 1,
340, 341, 5, 297, 320, 7, 316; Missouri
affluent, 6, 269, 7, 310, 311, 314; width, 1,
87, 6, 39, 40, 7, 19, 43; discharge of water,
7, 332; current swift, 1, 86, 87, 6, 38, 39, 47;
not navigable, 1, 87; bed, 6, 39; sand bars,
1, 84, 86, 139; color, 1, 139, 6, 39; affluents,
1, 87, 88, 6, 38, 40–42, 160; junction with
Arkansas, 6, 35; character of county, 1,
115; waters Black Hills, 2, 67, 82; as
boundary, 5, 385; fish in, 6, 174; vegetation,
6, 147; minerals, 6, 163, 164; animals, 1,
87, 371, 6, 122, 127; Indians on, 1, 34, 47–
49, 86, 115, 5, 20, 6, 85–88, 96, 100, 101, 107,
108, 112, 7, 20, 23, 316; fortifications, 1,
137; exploration, 1, xix; trade on, 1, 189,
5, 381, 387; P. Chouteau, 5, 382; expedition,
1, 86, 87, 90, 2, 48, 50, 5, 379, 380;
astronomical observation taken, 6, 247;
latitude, 7, 45, 189.Ponca (Poncarar, Poncerres, Porcar), described,
6, 47; location, 1, 140; distance
up Missouri, 6, 59; Missouri affluent, 1,
29; islands in, 5, 370; Indians on, 6, 88.Pond, trade on, 1, 5.
Poplar, identified, 1, 362.
Porcupine, described, 1, 362–365; identified,
1, 362; distance up Missouri, 6, 61,
7, 332; navigable, 1, 363, 365; Indians
on, 2, 98, 99; Lewis, 5, 235; latitude, 1,
368.Portage, distance up Missouri, 6, 62, 63;
expedition at, 6, 5, 8.Potlach, Indian medal found in, 1, 129.
Potomac, falls compared with Missouri,
2, 155; fowl on, 2, 179, 4, 148, 150; trade
highway, 7, 208.Powder (Redstone, Wahharsop, Warrahsash),
described, 5, 310, 311; location, 5,
307; distance up Missouri, 6, 75; named,
5, 310; Yellowstone affluent, 5, 310, 6, 53,
60; Clark on, 5, 312.Prickly Pear, affluent of Sioux River, 6,
44.Pryor's, distance up Missouri, 6, 63, 76;
named, 5, 326; Clark on, 5, 290, 292; sketch,
5, 290.Pumpkin, branch of Tongue, 5, 307.
Qu'Appelle (Catapie), fur-trade post on,
6, 269; as boundary, 1, 246.Quecurre (Qui Court, Quicurre, Quiequor).
See Niobrara.Quicksand. See Sandy.
Quicune, distance up Missouri, 7, 315.
Raccoon, affluent of Des Moines, 6, 34.
Rapid. See Niobrara.
Rat, trade on, 1, 5.
Raven's wing, Indians on, 7, 387.
Red, of the North (Rogue, Rouge), source,
1, 4, 190; length, 6, 269; course, 1, 5;
outlet, 1, 126, 129; affluents, 6, 45; Indians
on, 1, 132, 6, 88, 95, 96, 98, 100, 104, 105,
107, 109–113; distance from Arikara towns,
1, 196; fur-trade posts, 1, 238, 6, 51, 110,
268, 7, 335; salt works on, 1, 6; exploration,
1, xxxvi, 5, 381, 7, 282; Clark's map,
1, 280, 286.Red (of Mississippi), Indians on, 6, 112,
113.Red Cedar, affluent of Des Moines, 6, 34.
Red Lake, trade on, 1, 5.
Red Pipestone, affluent of Sioux, 6, 44.
Redstone. See Powder.
Rejone. See Yellowstone.
Republican, Kansas affluent, 6, 36; Indians
on, 6, 87.Ringing Water, described, 6, 41.
Rochejhone (Roche-Jaune). See Yellowstone.
of the Rock, affluent of Sioux, 6, 44.Rock, Indians on, 6, 92.
Rose, See Teton.
Rosebud. See Stillwater.
Ross's Fork, expedition on, 3, 53; Clark,
5, 248.Saashah. See Windsor.
Sacajawea. See Bird Woman's.
St. Francis, source, 6, 31.
St. Louis, Indians on, 6, 109.
St. Mary. See Bitter Root.
St. Peter's. See Minnesota.
Saline. See Salt.
Salmon, described, 3, 11, 14–16, 22–27,
5, 100, 102, 183–186; identified, 3, 48;
named, 3, 10; Indian name, 3, 104; width,
3, 23, 26; Columbia affluent, 2, 366; junction
with Lewis's, 3, 102, 104, 5, 5, 103;
forks of, 3, 8, 10, 16, 39, 5, 331; affluents,
3, 22–25, 27, 37, 39, 48, 49; rapids, 3, 22,
23, 25, 26, 37–40, 5, 100, 102; not navigable,
3, 23–27, 42; cliffs, 3, 10, 14–16, 21–27, 37–
39; country described, 5, 100, 102; moose
on, 5, 99; salmon in, 3, 8, 10, 14, 23, 38, 44,
45; fish weirs, 3, 6, 9, 39, 44; roads to, 3,
11, 15, 37, 39, 50, 51; divide, 3, 52; route
through mountains, 3, 24–27; Indians on,
3, 78, 103; Clark, 3, 8–27, 39; Lewis, 5,
331; Ordway, 5, 100, 102; expedition on, 3,
49, 50.Salt (Saline), described, 6, 33; distance
up Missouri, 6, 57; Platte affluent, 1, 87,
6, 32, 38, 40; bluffs on, 6, 229; snakes, 6,
229; salines, 6, 33, 160; Indians, 6, 85;
expedition, 1, 41, 42.Salt-water, trade on, 1, 5, 6.
Sand Hill, trade on, 1, 5.
Sandy (Quicksand), described, 4, 227,
228, 230, 231; distance from Pacific, 3, 233,
6, 68, 72; source, 4, 226, 227, 279, 281;
Columbia affluent, 4, 84; course, 4, 227,
230; width, 3, 192; character of soil, 4, 7,
10, 248; briars on, 4, 61, 64; turkey buzzards,
4, 276; Indians, 6, 116; Indian information,
4, 226, 227; expedition on, 3,
190–192, 4, 224–227, 230, 339, 242–244, 6,
22, 7, 186; some prefer to winter at, 3, 246,
247; astronomical observation taken, 4, 228,
230.Sarpy, identified, 5, 302.
Sarwarcana. See Moreau.
Saskatchewan (Assaskashawan, Saskasawan,
Saskassion, Suskashawan), location,
1, 328, 331, 363, 366, 2, 114, 115, 5, 214;
source, 2, 9, 10; affluents, 2, 135, 5, 211;
country watered, 2, 67, 82, 98, 99; Indians
on, 2, 88, 98, 99, 5, 36: fur-trade, 7, 335,
398; posts, 1, xvii, xviii, 5, 222, 334, 6, 51,
105, 106, 7, 336.Savannah, trade highway, 7, 208.
Schuylkill, falls compared with Missouri,
2, 155.Scolding (Ahmâhtâh rushushsher), described,
2, 115, 117, 6, 53, 54; distance up
Missouri, 6, 60.Seal. See Washougal.
Sensible, named, 7, 130.
Shabonos. See Charbonneau.
Shallett, Indians on, 6, 119.
Shannon's, described, 5, 294, distance
up Missouri, 6, 75.Shariton. See Chariton.
Shecomskink, Indians on, 6, 119.
Shell, affluent of Platte, 6, 42.
Shepherd, trade on, 1, 30.
Shields, described, 5, 264, 265; distance
up Missouri, 6, 62; Yellowstone affluent, 6,
76; Clark on, 5, 267.Shoal. See Platte.
Shonkin (Snow), identified, 2, 152; distance
up Missouri, 6, 62; affluent of Missouri,
2, 152; expedition on, 7, 100.Short Leg, affluent of Platte, 6, 42.
Shushpellanimmo, Indians on, 6, 119.
Sioux, described, 6, 44, 45; location, 1,
514123, 129; distance from Missouri, 1, 117;
from Arikara towns, 1, 196; Missouri
affluent, 6, 41, 7, 311; source, 1, 190, 6,
44; falls, 1, 115, 116, 6, 44; minerals, 6,
162; Indians on, 1, 133, 5, 350, 6, 88;
hunters, 7, 34; expedition, 1, 116, 7, 51;
astronomical observation taken, 6, 252,
255.des Sioux, French name for Stone River,
1, 103.of the Sioux. See Floyd.
Sioux Pass of Three Rivers, 5, 362, 7, 59.
Sirwarkahna. See Moreau.
Skeetsomish (Skitsuish), affluents, 4, 364;
Indians on, 6, 119.Slaughter, identified, 2, 94; distance up
Missouri, 6, 62; expedition on, 2, 95.Smith (Deep), distance up Missouri, 6,
63, 72; named, 2, 230, 233; game on, 2,
260; expedition, 2, 337, 7, 115.Snake. See Lewis.
Snow. See Shonkin.
Soldier's, described, 6, 43; distance up
Missouri, 6, 58; source, 1, 101, 102; width,
1, 101; birds, 6, 229; expedition, 5, 379,
7, 24.Souris. See Mouse.
Split Rock (Rockpole), latitude, 7, 189.
Spokane, described, 4, 363, 365; direction,
5, 94; Indians on, 4, 363, 5, 94.Stillwater (Rosebud), described, 5, 305,
306; distance up Missouri, 6, 76; named,
5, 275; Indian fort, 5, 273; Clark, 5, 277.Stinking-bird, trade on, 1, 5.
Stinking Water. See Philanthropy.
Stone (Eaneah, Little Desioux, Little
Sioux, Petite de Seeoux, Yeyeau Wardapon),
described, 1, 103, 6, 43, 44; Indian
name for, 1, 103; French, 1, 103; distance
up Missouri, 6, 58, 7, 189; source, 7, 314;
Missouri affluent, 7, 315; width, 5, 379;
game on, 6, 122; fowl, 6, 125; Indians, 6,
93, 96; expedition, 1, 103, 104, 5, 378, 7,
24; astronomical observation taken, 6, 249,
250; latitude, 7, 190. See also Coal.Stranger's Wife, Kansas affluent, 6, 36;
source, 6, 37.Sun. See Medicine.
Surwarkarna. See Moreau.
Susquehanna, fowl on, 2, 179, 4, 148, 150;
trade highway, 7, 208.Swan, fur-trade posts on, 6, 268, 269.
Table, Yellowstone affluent, 6, 75.
Tacoutche Tesse. See Columbia.
Tansy (Tanzey). See Teton.
Tapteal (Tâpetett). See Yakima.
Tennessee, trade highway, 7, 208;
Doughty on, 7, 200.Teton (Rose, Tansy, Tanzey), described,
5, 207, 6, 48; name, 2, 125; distance up
Missouri, 6, 59, 7, 190; width, 2, 125;
affluent of Maria, 2, 142, 7, 94–97; divide, 5,
208; Indians on, 1, 162, 163, 5, 361, 6, 89,
97, 99, 7, 315; expedition on, 1, 164, 5,
361, 366, 7, 61, 62; Lewis, 5, 206, 207, 219,
226, 227, 332.Tiger, expedition on, 1, 52, 53.
Timmooenumlarwas, Indians on, 6, 119.
Tommanamah, moose on, 5, 99, 102.
Tongue (Lazeka, Lezeka, Tonge, Tongu),
distance up Missouri, 6, 75; Yellowstone
affluent, 1, 340, 341, 5, 320, 321, 6, 53, 60,
266; navigation, 5, 322; Indians on, 6,
267; Clark, 5, 307, 308; Miles City, 5,
309; sketch, 5, 307.Torrent. See Dearborn.
Touchet, described, 4, 341, 343; junction
with Pelat Creek, 4, 349; plants on, 4, 49.Towahnahiooks. See Des Chutes.
Tree, trade on, 1, 5.
Tukenon (Kimooenem Creek), described,
4, 351, 352; distance down Columbia, 6,
65; affluent of Lewis, 3, 112, 4, 351; topography,
4, 351, 352; expedition on, 4, 351,
352, 7, 172.Tullock's Fork. See Creek: Muddy.
Turtle, trade on, 1, 5.
Two Medicine, described, 5, 221; fork of
Maria, 5, 212; forded, 5, 218.Tyler (Medicine Hill, Tylor), described,
6, 47, 48; distance up Missouri, 6, 59; fowl
on, 6, 122, 227; expedition, 1, 159, 5, 361,
7, 60.Umatilla, source, 4, 336, 338; expedition
on, 3, 137, 4, 326.Vaicetonhandhos, salines on, 6, 268.
Valley Plain, name for Hellgate, 3, 60, 62.
Verdigris, affluent of Arkansas, 6, 267.
Vermilion (Redstone), expedition on, 1,
89, 5, 374; traders, 7, 379.Vulture, source, 6, 44.
Wabash, trade highway, 7, 208; Clark
on, 1, xxviii.Wahharsop (Wahasah). See Powder.
Wahnaachee, Indians on, 6, 119.
Walshlemo, Indians on, 6, 119.
Wallacut (Chinook), Indians on, 6, 117;
Clark passes, 3, 230, 232, 235, 237, 6, 22.Walla Walla, described, 4, 335, 336, 338;
distance down Columbia, 6, 66; source, 4,
341, 343; game, 4, 349, 350; lizards, 5, 81;
vegetation, 4, 349, 350; character of ,
4, 345, 348–350; bottoms, 4, 344–346, 349;
515roads, 4, 344–346; Indians on, 5, 117, 6, 118;
expedition, 3, 131, 4, 335, 337; Indian
medal found, 1, 129, 4, 328.Warm Spring, fork of Clark's, 4, 314.
Warrahsash. See Powder.
Warreconne. See Creek: Big Beaver.
Washita, exploration of, 1, xxxvi.
Washougal (Seal), distance down Columbia,
6, 68; origin of name, 4, 225, 226;
Columbia affluent, 4, 224, 226; width, 4,
224, 226; rapids, 4, 224, 226; country
drained, 3, 190–192; ducks on, 4, 225;
game scarce, 4, 225; Indian information,
4, 226.Wearcum, Indians on, 6, 115.
Werner, expedition on, 7, 80.
Wetarhoo. See Grand.
White, described, 1, 148, 5, 364, 6, 47;
distance up Missouri, 6, 59, 7, 189; Missouri
affluent, 4, 314, 7, 311, 315; source,
6, 47, 48; plums on, 6, 141; Indians, 6,
90, 97, 99, 7, 213, 267, 268, traders, 7, 398;
expedition, 1, 148, 5, 364; explored, 1, 148,
149, 151, 7, 58, 59.White Earth (Okhâh Ahzhah), described,
1, 321, 326–329, 6, 51; distance up Missouri,
6, 60, 61, 7, 332; location, 5, 214;
portage to Saskatchewan, 6, 51; width, 1,
326, 327; amount of water, 1, 328, 331;
crooked, 1, 331; timber, 1, 337; cherry
trees, 5, 243; Indians on, 6, 104, 105; Fields,
5, 239; Lewis, 5, 238, 239; Clark, 5, 324.White Salmon, expedition passes, 3, 171.
White Stone, described, 6, 45; distance
up Missouri, 6, 58; width, 1, 119; timber,
1, 123, 6, 140; expedition on, 1, 121–123, 7,
52.Wild oats (oates), trade on, 1, 5.
Willamette (Multnomah, Multnawah),
described, 4, 238; distance up Columbia,
4, 242, 6, 68; Columbia affluent, 4, 233, 235,
236, 336, 339, 7, 335; names, 3, 193, 4, 219,
233, 238; source, 5, 320, 7, 339; islands,
4, 238; fish, 4, 261, 6, 118; navigation, 4,
71; drainage, 4, 239, 241, 287, 308, 336, 339;
character of soil, 4, 248; Indians on, 4, 72,
234, 241, 242, 258, 280, 282, 6, 114, 116, 118,
119; missed on outward voyage, 3, 198;
explored by Clark, 3, 198, 4, 233, 236, 238,
240, 249; Labontie on, 4, 138; sketched
by Indians, 4, 71, 72, 233, 236, 238, 239, 241,
254; Clark's sketch map, 4, 242.Willewah, Indians on, 6, 115.
Wilson (Killannick), location, 3, 325, 333;
portage to Columbia from, 3, 325; branches,
4, 213, 221.Wind (Cruzatte), distance down Columbia,
6, 67; hunting on, 4, 269, 277–279; expedition,
3, 173, 174, 7, 183; Clark, 4, 278.Windsor (Little Wolf, Saashah, Winser),
described, 5, 312; distance up Missouri, 6,
75; Yellowstone affluent, 6, 75; Clark on,
5, 305.Wisconsin (Oisconsin), Indians on, 6, 92,
93; site for fort, 6, 46; British trade, 7,
374; trade highway, 7, 250.Wisdom (Big Hole), described, 5, 258;
distance up Missouri, 6, 63; identified, 2,
316; Jefferson affluent, 5, 256; trend, 2,
344; roads, 3, 17, 6, 78; quamash on, 4,
249, 250, 6, 224; affluents, 5, 250; divide,
5, 249, 253; expedition on, 2, 316–324, 5,
253, 257, 6, 19, 77, 7, 131; courses and distances,
2, 354.Wolf (Loup), described, 5, 382, 6, 37, 41;
distance up Missouri, 6, 57; source, 6, 37,
40; Platte affluent, 6, 39; width 1, 72, 73;
affluents of, 6, 41, 42; fruit on, 6, 37; Indians,
6, 86, 87, 100–102, 7, 314.Wolumped, location, 3, 268.
Wood, See Dubois.
Worrahruza, Kansas affluent, 6, 36.
Yakima (Tâpetett, Taptate, Tapteal),
described, 3, 125; salmon in, 3, 122; Indians
on, 3, 123–125, 128, 4, 289, 292, 6, 115,
119; Clark, 3, 122–125; railway bridge, 3,
124; Indian map, 3, 130, 184.Yankton (Yeankton). See James.
Yellow Medicine, Indians on, 6, 95.
Yellowstone (Meéah'zah, Yellow Rock,
Rochejhone), described, 5, 244, 264, 265,
267–269, 271–274, 276, 277, 290, 291, 293,
295, 296, 302–310, 312–320, 6, 51–54; name,
1, 339; distance up Missouri, 6, 61, 7, 332;
compared with Missouri, 5, 302; with
Clark's, 5, 288; with Big Horn, 5, 297;
source, 1, 298, 2, 51, 54, 4, 336, 339, 7, 314;
junction with Missouri, 1, 337, 340, 342, 2,
52, 5, 318, 319, 6, 40; width, 1, 304, 339,
341, 6, 224; color, 6, 225; current rapid,
6, 51; rapids, 5, 308, 309, 326; navigable,
1, 339, 341, 5, 290, 308, 321; crooked, 1,
338; affluents, 1, 340, 341, 5, 272, 288, 289,
307, 6, 41, 53, 60, 73–77; coal on, 1, 338,
341, 5, 305; stone, l, 340; timber, 1, 245,
337, 339, 341, 342, 6, 52, 141; fruit, 1, 338,
341; flowers, 1, 338, 341; game, 1, 293, 335,
342, 345, 5, 324, 349, 6, 122; beaver, 1,
245; wild horses, 5, 190; character of
country, 1, 338, 339, 342, 343, 2, 19, 67, 82,
135, 5, 265, 272, 273, 275–277, 292, 296, 303,
305, 306, 309, 310, 312, 6, 269; grand cañon,
1, 339; divide, 5, 264; valley, 5, 314; portages,
5, 281, 6, 76, 77; roads, 2, 383, 5,
516LEWIS AND CLARK JOURNALS
262, 263, 320, 6, 78; Indians on, 1, 130, 2, 98,
341, 3, 19, 5, 19, 299, 6, 91, 100–105, 267;
site for post, 1, 342, 344, 345, 5, 296, 321,
322, 6, 52, 74, 89, 103, 106, 266, 7, 332;
traders, 5, 329; Clark, 1, xxxiii, 5, 176,
179, 233, 242, 255, 256, 262, 282, 284–286,
322, 325, 326, 389, 6, 79; Lewis, 1, 334–344,
5, 236, 237, 335; Pryor, 5, 242, 326; expedition,
5, 385, 7, 419, 421; proposed exploration,
7, 321; courses and distances
on, 6, 69, 75–79; maps, 1, 245, 4, 244, 5,
328.Yeyeau Wardapon. See Stone.
Youmalolam. See John Day.
Young's, described, 4, 137; trail, 4, 137.
York's, described, 5, 309; named, 5, 310;
distance up Missouri, 6, 75.Rivet, François, with expedition, 1, 30, 283,
5, 350.Roads, buffalo, 2, 182, 183, 5, 94, 186, 189,
210, 249, 261–264, 268, 6, 25, 75; Indian, 5,
149–153, 185, 189, 193, 249, 332, 6, 77, 78;
along Missouri, 2, 263, 264, 266, 267, 273,
275, 311, 317, 325, 3, 11, 15, 17, 50, 51, 58,
59, 62, 5, 95, 98, 180, 184, 185, 192, 195,
228, 249, 268, 331, 332; Missouri to Pacific,
4, 69–71, 6, 56, 74, 7, 334, 338, 339,
346; Yellowstone, 2, 383, 5, 262, 263,
320, 6, 78; Wisdom, 3, 17, 6, 78;
Salmon River, 3, 22, 25, 27, 37–39,
47; Rockies, 2, 334, 335, 337, 353, 360,
5, 260, 264; Walla Walla, 4, 344–346;
Columbia, 4, 320, 321, 329, 330. See also
Passes and Trails.Robbins, Luther, subscribes for Journals,
7, 363.Robertson (Robinson), John, with expedition,
1, 11, 13; disciplined, 1, 10.Robidoux, Antoine, scout and trader, 5, 386.
—, Joseph, fur-trader, hostile to Americans,
7, 384, 388; expedition meets, 5,
386; sketch, 5, 386.Robins (Merula migratoria), habitat, 2, 130,
4, 132, 134, 5, 176, 192, 6, 188, 205, 206,
210; Oregon (Hesperocichla navia), described,
4, 27–30.Robinson,—, identifies botanical specimens,
6, 152.Rocky Ridge, on Lolo Trail, 3, 72.
Rogers, Ann, mother of William Clark,
1, xxvii.—, Hezekiah, signature on land warrant,
7, 343.Rogue's Harbor. See Bay: Baker's.
Roi, Peter, with expedition, 1, 31.
Rokey,—, French trader, 5, 356.
Rooptarhee, Mandan village, 1, 212, 256,
6, 89.Roosevelt, Theodore, Winning of the West,
5, 373.Root (Bunch),—, fur-trader, visits expedition,
1, 266.Roots, variety described, 3, 113, 115; gathered
by Indians, 3, 173, 175, 176, 179, 4,
68, 5, 324; dried, 4, 357, 360; pounded,
5, 16; made into bread, 3, 78–83, 85, 86,
145, 161, 162, 165–167, 169, 328; article
of trade, 3, 185, 186, 227, 275, 277, 302,
305, 5, 48, 49, 53, 54, 56, 67, 72, 74, 75, 86,
88, 95, 97, 98, 101, 107, 108, 110–113; as
present, 5, 106, 107; for sale, 3, 166, 169,
199, 308, 310, 352, 354; purchased, 4, 168,
169, 270, 273, 275, 280, 282, 5, 51–53, 63,
65; lost, 3, 113, 115; as food, 3, 78–83,
92, 107, 141, 143, 196, 292, 4, 116, 118, 251,
252, 254, 255, 283, 286, 290, 306, 311, 328,
330, 369, 371, 5, 14, 17, 20, 22, 38, 54, 61,
63, 119, 165, 167, 169, 171; poor diet, 3,
92, 94, 95, 105.Roripa, location, 6, 141.
Roses (Rosa nutkana), described, 5, 121,
123; location, 1, 311, 323, 337, 341, 357,
367, 2, 57, 58, 64, 92, 106, 108, 114, 116,
121, 131, 179, 258, 260, 262, 303, 321, 3,
57, 4, 342, 343, 5, 108, 109, 121, 122, 181,
209, 218, 265, 297, 302, 6, 190, 219, 7, 41,
84, 89, 127; R. pisocarpa, described, 5,
121, 123; R. Woodsii, identified, 6, 158;
in Lewis herbarium, 6, 156.Rosa, Salvator, Lewis wishes for brush of,
2, 149.Roscoe, William, Lorenzo de Medici, 7, 367;
Leo X, 7, 367.Rosin, from fir trees, 3, 100, 4, 41, 42, 44–
46, 48, 261.Ross, Alexander, Oregon Settlers, 4, 90, 5,
373.—, David, owns Big Bone Lick, 7, 275.
—, John, subscriber to Michaux expedition,
7, 205.Ruaras Indians, Teton at war with, 7, 315.
Rubus leucodermis or hesperius, R. spectabilis.
See Raspberry.Rubus macropetalus. See Briars.
Rue, location, 1, 135.
Rum, Indians fond of, 1, 131, 306; supply
carried, 1, 232; Jamaica, 1, 232.Rumex salicifolius. See Dock, narrow.
Runs. See Creeks.
Rush, Dr. Benjamin, letter from Jefferson,
1, xxvi, 7, 211; instructions submitted
to, 7, 224; pills carried by expedition,
1, 269, 2, 279, 280.Rushes, location, 3, 204, 205, 4, 342, 343,
5, 265, 384; uses of, 3, 354, 356; Indian
manufactures, 4, 187, 192; platters, 3,
125; mats for houses, 3, 126; fodder, 4,
40, 42, 5, 280; roots as food, 3, 362, 363,
6, 209; sand (Equisetum arvense): described,
6, 148, 149; identified, 6, 142,
158; location, 2, 231, 233, 312, 4, 234,
247, 5, 211; in Lewis herbarium, 6, 155;
Equisetum telmateia, described, 4, 7–9;
food, 3, 333.Russell, Captain—,at Fort Pickering, 7, 368.
Rye (Elymus sitanion), location, 1, 73, 180,
183, 2, 186, 5, 108, 109, 265, 289; grain
resembles, 1, 111; golden, location, 6,
222; grouse eat, 4, 121, 123.Rye-grass, location, 2, 320.
Sabin, Joseph, Dictionary of Books relating
to America, 1, lxi, lxx, lxxxi.Sacacommis (Sackacomah). See Bearberry.
Sacajawea (Bird Woman, Sahkahgarwea),
early life, 2, 371; captured by Minitaree,
2, 283, 358, 371, 7, 121, 124; with expedition,
1, xxxi, 12, 284, 287, 7, 30, 319, 331;
birth of son, 1, 257, 258; finds wild artichokes,
1, 290; accompanies Clark, 1,
321, 355, 2, 196, 226, 364, 369, 3, 135, 4,
286, 288, 5, 176, 245, 259, 319; sickness
of, 2, 140, 141, 143, 145, 152, 159, 161–
165, 7, 99, 100, 103; relapse, 2, 172; recovery,
2, 166, 169, 172, 174, 184; left at
camp, 2, 180, 181; escape from drowning,
2, 196–200; with Lewis, 2, 286, 3, 13, 7,
113, 134; meets Cameâhwait, 2, 361, 366,
3, 14, 7, 136; Charbonneau strikes, 2,
348, 349; encounters rattlesnake, 2, 352,
354; horse bought for, 3, 28; relates
news to Charbonneau, 3, 34; reconciles
Indians, 3, 111, 136, 137; attempts to
converse with captive woman, 3, 193;
displeased with Clark, 3, 220; purchases
robe, 3, 237, 238; rewarded, 3, 239; vote on
wintering place, 3, 247; gives Clark bread,
3, 259, 260; cooks for expedition, 3, 264,
265; gives Christmas present, 3, 290;
accompanies Clark to sea-coast, 3, 314;
seasick, 3, 211; messenger, 4, 313;
gathers roots, 5, 41, 43, 46, 47, 255;
gooseberries, 5, 327; recommends Bozeman's
Pass, 5, 260; acts as interpreter,
1, 229, 2, 163, 198, 362, 373, 384, 386, 4,
331, 333, 5, 9, 20, 21; furnishes information,
2, 92, 95, 249, 260, 283, 321, 5, 250,
7, 119; discharged, 5, 344; value of services,
2, 37, 39; Clark praises, 7, 329;
Lewis characterizes, 2, 283.Saddles, Indian, described, 3, 31, 32; pack:
French and Spanish, 3, 31; used by
older people, 3, 31; made by expedition,
2, 376, 7, 138; bought of Indians, 7, 150;
cached, 3, 95, 96, 7, 166. See also Packsaddles.Sage, wild (Salvia Pitcheri), described, 6,
148; identified, 6, 142; location, 1, 252,
307, 2, 260, 327, 3, 45.Sage-brush, location, 1, 307; as fuel, 4,
304.Sage-grouse. See Heath-cock.
Sagittaria latifolia; S. sinensis. See Arrowhead.
Sahhahwohcap, Cathlahmah chief, 4, 203,
204.Sahonehontaparpar Indians, Sioux tribe, 6,
99.Sahown Indians, Sioux tribe, 6, 99.
St. Charles (Mo.), described, 1, 18, 23, 24,
6, 29, 30, 7, 4; French name for, 1, 24;
distance up Missouri, 6, 3, 56, 7, 189;
plants, 6, 142; farm lands, 1, 7; Clark in,
1, 4, 18, 22; Lewis, 7, 415; Mackay, 1,
147; Proulx, 5, 392; Shannon, 1, xl;
Tayon, 1, 22; expedition, 1, 16, 5, 391,
6, 229, 7, 4, 5, 30, 31, 301; population in
1804, 6, 29; character of inhabitants, 6,
29, 30; astronomical observation taken,
6, 233; latitude, 7, 190.St. Clair, Gen. Arthur, connection with Armstrong's expedition, 5, 394, 7, 198–
201; letters from, 7, 200, 201; letter to,
7, 200; Papers, 7, 200, 201.St. Clair County (Mo.), Hays in, 5, 394.
—(Ill.), Dickson at, 5, 242.
Ste. Genevieve, Indians at, 6, 112; Spanish
traders, 7, 251; commandant, 7, 253;
Duquette, 5, 392.St. Helens, Lord, mountain named for, 3,
198.St. John (Mo.), settlement at, 1, 29, 7, 5,
32.St. Joseph (Mo.), first permanent settler,
5, 386; trading post at, 5, 386.St. Louis (Mo.), distance from Yellowstone,
6, 79; character of surrounding country,
1, 23; gophers in, 4, 368, 371; mosquitoes,
5, 238; fruit, 6, 173; Indians at, 6
112; fur-trade headquarters, 6, 82–85, 92,
97, 7, 330, 376, 383; fur-traders, 1, 132,
5, 302, 312, 374–376, 381, 384; Spanish,
5, 392, 7, 251, 281; French, 5, 381;
A. Chouteau, 1, 329, 5, 379; P. Chouteau,
5, 375; Christy, 5, 394; Colter, 5, 341;
Lauremus, 1, 21; Lewis, 1, 16, 7, 30,
294; McClellan, 5, 373; Robidoux, 5,
518386; Wilkinson, 5, 375, 378; garrison, 6,
45; mail, 5, 394; pirogues, 5, 382; land
commission, 5, 391; expedition at, 1,
xxxiii, 7, 283, 2, 175, 209, 5, 86, 89, 339,
341, 394, 395, 6, 153, 229.St. Louis Missouri Fur Company. See
Missouri Fur Company.Salal (Shallon; Gaultheria ), described,
3, 292, 4, 52–54, 59, 60; location,
3, 274, 4, 234, 247; bread, 3, 328, 345, 4,
14, 15; soup, 3, 274; food for elks, 4, 4043;
Vacinium ovatum, described, 4, 12–
15; illustration, 4, 54.Salamander, habitat, 1, 289. See also
Lizard.Salem (Ore.), State Library at, 3, 103.
Salvia Pitcheri. See Sage, wild.
Salishan family, called Flatheads, 3, 27;
habitat, 3, 27, 241; tribes of, 3, 241, 341.Salix amygdaloides; S. ; S. lanandru;
S. longifolia. See Willows.Salmo ; S. . See
Trout.Salmo . See Eulachon.
Salmon, common, described, 4, 163, 165,
166; habitat, 1, 110, 111, 3, 8, 10, 87–89,
158, 273, 325, 4, 69–71, 95, 97, 160, 161,
163–165, 259, 284, 5, 45, 64, 65, 68, 71, 97,
104, 105, 145, 146, 6, 55, 118; season for,
3, 23, 4, 223, 228, 231, 260–262, 269, 270,
272, 290, 300, 302, 317, 318, 354, 356, ,
26, 33, 35, 47, 48, 54, 100, 102; method
of taking, 3, 7, 9, 242, 350, 351, 4, 45–47,
294, 5, 22; fisheries, 3, 100, 106, 4, 261,
269, 272, 283, 364, 366, 5, 100, 102; In
dians catch, 2, 373, 379, 384–386; expedition,
3, 217–219, 6, 64; purchased, 3,
211, 332, 335, 5, 100, 102, 7, 180, 183; as
present, 2, 343, 3, 119; in trade, 5, 155,
156; dried, 3, 6, 78, 80, 122–124, 4, 260,
5, 15, 17; as food, 3, 6, 9, 14, 15, 22, 25,
36, 38, 44–46, 49, 78–84, 86–88, 133, 4, 167,
168, 290, 328, 330, 5, 99, 102; method of
cooking, 3, 124, 125; of preserving, 3,
148; used for fuel, 3, 124; different
varieties described, 4, 160, 161, 164–167.Trout: described, 4, 166–168; habitat, 3,
153, 161, 162, 5, 55, 57, 148, 6, 210, 7, 102,
137, 138, 140, 143, 145, 146; Missouri fish
resembles, 1, 111; season for, 3, 153;
flavor, 3, 161, 162; method of taking, 3,
350, 351, 5, 22, 148, 151, 6, 216, 217, 7, 146,
156; dried on scaffolds, 7, 175, 176; purchased
of Indians, 3, 203, 204, 206,
4, ,
7, 161, 162, 164–171, 173, 174, 177, 178;
Clark catches, 3, 217, 219.("red char," Onterhyncus
nuska); described, 3, 14, 4, 164, 166, 167;
habitat, 3, 215, 216, 4, 160, 161, 163, 164;
method of taking, 3, 350, 351.Silver (O. ): described, 4, 174–176;
identified, 4, 164; illustrated, 4, 176.Salmon-berry. See : flowering.
Salt, found in state, 6, 36, 40; location,
1, 6, 6, , 176, 177, 7, 300; carried to
Fort Clatsop, 4, 18, 20, 81, 83; supply,
4, 92, 94, 5, 147; packed in kegs, 4, 92,
94; cached, 2, 134, 140, 143, 4, 39, 40, 81,
83; scarce, 3, , 313, 314, 4, 5–8, 5,
169, 171; expedition to make, 3, 270, 271;
party sent to make, 3, 291–293, 313; location
of camp, 3, 309, 312, 313, 320, 6, 71;
men at, 4, 7, 8, 12, 13, 15, 17, 19, 20, 26,
28, 57–60, 68, 69, 72, 73, 81, 83–85, 87, 88,
92, 94; method of making, 4, 39, 40;
amount made, 3, 313, 314, 4, 12, 81, 83,
92, 94; quality, 3, 314; used in cooking,
4, 23, 24; given to Indians, 1, 188;
marshes, 4, 66, 67.Salts, mineral, location, 1, 199, 2, 3, 6–8,
15, 23, 27, 41, 43, 45, 52, 59, 62, 63, 74,
80, 84–86, 93, 121, 304, 5, 210, 211;
; location, 1, 299, 305, 307, 311–
313, 316, 322, 328, 348, 6, 51, 98, 128,
161, 7, 315; tastes like , 1, 295;
article of trade, 5, 287; remedy, 1, 117,
368, 2, 189, 190, 293, 294.Saltpetre, location, 6,
Sambucus candonsis; S. glaucus, Nutt; S.
leinperrera. See Elder.(Mont.), location, 2, 171.
, described,
2, 260., location, 1, 81, 83, 106, 108, 300,
2, 74, 77, 78, 83, 86, 100–102, 104, 297, 3,
11, 5, 377, 380.Sandy Hook, "Richard" on, 5, 375.
Sangamon County (Ill.), Dixon in, 5, 243.
Sanger (N. Dak.), expedition near site, 1,
203.Santa Fé (N. Mex.), distance from Council
, 1, 98; rivers near, 6, 40; Spanish
in, 1, 189; McClallan, , 387; trail, 5,
; Lewis's proposed trip, 7, 279.(Mont.), expedition at site, 2, 292.
See Woodpecker.
Sargent, Major—, with St. Clair, 7, 200.
. See Iron Eyes.
Sarpy, John B., fur-trader, 5, 302.
, Dr. François,
St. Louis settler, 1, 22; Byar's ,
1, 22.Sauk (, Saukees) Indians, Algonquian
519tribe, described, 6, 92; habitat, 6,
92; numbers, 6, 92; allies, 6, 92, 96, 97;
enemies, 1, 41, 47, 49, 51, 61, 6, 32, 86,
97, 108, 7, 10, 11; have firearms, 1, 61;
trade with British, 7, 374.Sauteur Indians. See Chippewa.
Sawyer. See Katydid.
Scaddal Indians. See Skaddats.
Scaffolds, Indians use, 1, 171, 173, 176;
used in Indian burials, 1, 208, 323–325;
meat dried on, 1, 197, 2, 153, 7, 175, 176;
boat dried on, 2, 211, 212; baggage on,
7, 110.Scarobatus vermiculatus. See Greasewood.
Scharf, J. T., St. Louis, 1, 22.
Schist, location, 6, 159–162.
Schuylkill Arsenal, supplies from, 7, 231,
245.Sciurus cinereus; S. douglasii; S. fossor; S.
hudsonius; S. richardsoni. See Squirrels.Scotch, in La Charette, 5, 390; Wisconsin,
5, 374; Pennsylvania, 5, 394.Scotiaptex cinerea. See Owls.
Scott, Gen.—, Clark with, 1, xxviii.
Scumarquaup, Wahkiacum chief, 3, 295.
Sea-nettle, described, 4, 175.
Sea-otters (Enhydris marina), described,
4, 98–101; habitat, 3, 152, 156, 158, 181,
184, 191, 193; Indians prize skins, 3, 244,
245, 352, 354; robes of, 3, 237–239, 242,
335, 4, 185, 190, 217; sold by Indians, 3,
246, 248, 277–280, 311, 312, 328, 345, 359,
360, 4, 84, 86, 102, 105, 147, 149, 170, 172,
197, 198, 215; prices, 4, 105, 201, 202;
accident to, 5, 248.Sea-shells, used as ornament, 3, 5, 10, 78,
105, 126, 4, 199; highly prized, 3, 107;
inserted in nose, 3, 144, 183, 186, 187;
offered to dead, 3, 178; found on seashore,
3, 276.Seals, described, 4, 99–102; habitat, 4, 73,
76, 99, 101, 225, 226, 6, 67; quality of
flesh, 4, 201, 202; teeth as ornaments, 4,
199; skins, 4, 100, 101.Seaside (Ore.), salt-makers' cairn near, 3,
309.Seattle (Wash.), cranberry market, 4, 19.
Seaweed. See Fuci.
Second Bear, Teton Indian, meets expedition,
1, 164.Sedges, location, 2, 24, 291, 327; uses of,
3, 354, 356.Seeing Snake. See Marbook Sheahokeah.
Sémoulin, M. de, Russian ambassador, 7,
195.Seneca-grass. See Holy-grass.
Sepulchre Rock, location, 4, 279, 281, 283;
distance down Columbia, 6, 67; expedition
at, 4, 283, 285.Service-berries (Amelanchier sp.), described,
2, 229; location, 1, 323, 337, 2, 236, 238,
251, 258, 260, 298–300, 303, 343, 358, 359,
4, 273, 276, 5, 121, 122, 181, 256, 6, 174,
188, 197, 213, 214, 220, 227, 7, 121, 135,
145–147, 153; Indians dry, 7, 143, 149;
as food, 2, 342, 3, 12, 32; made into
bread, 3, 16.Service Berry Valley, origin of name, 5,
256; expedition at, 6, 21, 7, 135; Clark,
2, 359.Seven-bark, location, 3, 261, 4, 49–51, 201,
203, 342, 343, 5, 108, 109, 121, 122, 181,
6, 219.Sewellel, described, 4, 109, 112; origin of
name, 4, 109; habitat, 4, 73, 76; skins
purchased, 3, 279, 4, 109, 110, 112, 113.Sextant, used by Lewis, 4, 77, 170, 234, 244,
287, 7, 221; errors of, 4, 28, 41.
Shâbobóah Indians, own mules, 4, 74.Shabono. See Charbonneau.
Shad, in Missouri, 2, 187.
Shahala (Shahhalla, Shahlala, Shalhaka,
Shalhala) Indians, habitat, 4, 261, 262,
6, 67, 68, 116; numbers, 6, 116; different
tribes, 4, 236, 258, 261, 6, 116; language,
4, 224, 226; migrations, 4, 223, 225, 226,
228, 262; houses, 4, 262; manners, 4,
224, 226; dress, 4, 224, 226; fond of brass
buttons, 4, 224; method of burial, 4, 224;
food scarce, 4, 251; thievery of, 4, 252, 254; fishing, 4, 223, 225, 262; expedition
among, 4, 223, 225–227, 233, 235, 251–253,
262.Shàhakóhopinnee (Little Wolf's Medicine),
Minitaree chief, expedition meets, 1, 213.Shahaptian family, habitat, 3, 78, 4, 305;
tribes of, 2, 380, 3, 123, 164, 4, 317, 5,
117.Shahharwarcap, Cathlamet chief, visits Fort
Clatsop, 3, 332, 335; presents to, 3, 332,
335.Shake Hand (Wencha), Sioux chief, expedition
meets, 1, 131.Shalee Indians, habitat, 5, 162, 164, 173, 174,
188; friends of Nez Percés, 5, 185, 186;
spies, 5, 186.Shallalah (Shalala) Indians, habitat, 4, 223,
225, 240, 6, 117; numbers, 6, 117.Shallattos Indians, habitat, 4, 305, 307, 6,
119; numbers, 6, 119.Shallon. See Salal.
Shallow Niche. See Bay: Gray's.
Shanataque. See Thistle.
Shanoma, Clatsop chief, 3, 294.
Shanwappom (Shanwahpum) Indians, habitat,
4, 305, 307, 6, 119; numbers, 6, 119.Shannon, George, with expedition, 1, 11–13,
284, 287, 7, 3, 30, 358; acting sergeant,
1, 13; in Pryor's mess, 1, 30; searches
for horses, 1, 124, 125, 127, 128, 5, 279,
280, 7, 54, 56; on court martial, 1, 192;
cuts foot, 1, 269; hunter, 1, 34, 123, 2,
172, 182–184, 187, 3, 36, 38, 196, 273, 279,
291, 293, 330, 335, 359, 4, 3–6, 15, 17, 39,
40, 43, 44, 52, 53, 77–80, 87, 88, 103, 109,
117, 119, 167, 169, 243, 244, 249–251, 257,
258, 5, 34, 36, 37, 40, 42, 43, 50, 51, 54, 56,
58, 59, 66, 67, 75, 77, 98, 101, 107, 109,
266, 278, 325–327, 335, 360, 364, 365, 367,
370, 378, 385, 6, 132, 7, 45, 53, 106, 107;
kills avocet, 1, 357, 359; captures vulture,
4, 79–81; kills eagle, 4, 80, 83; lost, 1,
138, 45, 147, 2, 316–318, 320–324, 7, 57,
129, 130; messenger, 1, 109, 3, 309, 310,
320, 4, 291, 292, 294, 5, 144–146, 149, 151,
154–157; with Clark, 2, 117, 122, 4, 301,
302, 5, 259; explorer, 3, 222, 224, 225;
Indians steal from, 3, 224; 225; visits
ocean, 3, 229–238; vote on wintering
place, 3, 246; on Netul River, 3, 255–262;
at salt-makers' camp, 3, 309, 310, 320, 334,
335; trade with Indians, 4, 297, 300, 5,
86, 88; fords river, 5, 248; loses toma-hawk,
5, 248, 249, 330; with Pryor, 5,
286, 289; makes canoe, 5, 325; loses
powder, 5, 384; illness, 5, 388; land
warrant, 7, 343; pay, 7, 360, 361; aids
Biddle, 1, xl, xlv; journal, 1, xxxiv;
sketch, 1, xl.Shappellel. See Chaparral.
Sharha Indians. See Cheyenne.
Sharhkahascar, Sioux chief, 6, 99.
Sharriton Carta. See Creek: Charretin.
Indians, habitat, 3, 184.
Shawnee (Shawonies) Indians, habitat, 6,
84; language, 1, 1, 7, 409; complexions,
2, 372; Clark's note on, 6, 112.Sheastuckkle Indians, habitat, 6, 117; numbers,
6, 117.Sheep, Rocky Mountain, described, 2, 72–
77, 7, 88, 89; habitat, 1, 339, 343, 351–
353, 2, 20, 4, 73, 76, 263, 265, 274, 275, 5,
165, 167, 176, 7, 88–90, 92; resembles,
1, 147; agility of, 2, 73, 74, 76,
77; horns: described, 1, 239, 240, , 1,
169, 2, 73, 76; preserved, 7, 92, , 337,
348; skins: described, 3, 30, 4, 263, 265;
prized, 1, 240, 4, 263, 265; as robes,
3, 4, 10, 4, 274, 275; caps, 4, 263, 265;
blankets, 4, 185, 189; prices, 4, 263, 265,
See also Bighorns, Ibex, and Goats.Shelby Junction (Mont.), on Great Northern
Railway, 5, 210.Shells, form Missouri bank, 1, 117; Indians
use as ornaments, 2, 372, 378, 5, 30, 32,
354, 356, 357.Shelwell. See Salal.
Sheo Indians, Sioux tribe, 6, 99.
. See Buffalo-berry.
Shields, John, with expedition, 1, 11–13,
284, 287, 7, 30, 331; disciplined, 1, 9, 10;
in Pryor's mess, 1, 30; in charge of
horses, 1, 38, 52, 125, 127, 7, 60, 61;
visits Spirit Mound, 1, 121; on court
martial, 1, 192; hunter, 1, 29, 147, 254,
255, 2, 124, 189, , 356, 361, 3,
65, 84, 174, 4, 109, 112, 117, 119, 143, 145,
155, 156, 194, 195, 277, 279, 291, 5, 3, 8,
37, 40, 49, 50, , 53, 55, 57, 62, 64, 66,
98, 101, 106, 107, 131–133, 173, 174, 248,
250, 255, 260, 261, 269, 273, 275, 281, 290,
292, 302, 306, 316, 325, 328, 330, 358–360,
363, 365, 6, 129, 7, 37, 47; discovers
spring, 2, 52; with Lewis, 2, 117, 122,
323, 325, 329, 334, 7, 130; assists on
leather boat, 2, 178, 191, 192, 200, 202,
204; selects timber, 2, 181, 185, 186, 188,
5, 278; frightens , 2, 329, 330;
makes canoe, 3, 96; vote on wintering
place, 3, 246; blacksmith, 3, 304, 4, 193,
194; , 4, 193, 194, 257, 5, 175,
177, 180, 181, 7, 98, 99; makes elk-skin
bag, 4, 147, 149; trade with Indians, 4,
267, 271, 5, 68, 71; as physician, 5, 60,
62; loses horse, 5, 144, 145, 147; recovers
it, 5, 160, 161; at Boiling Spring,
5, 252; with Clark, 5, 259, ; hunts
for wild ginger, 5, 275; fisherman, 6, ;
secures mineral, 6, 164; sickness, 1, 226,
357, 359; river named for, 5, 264; account
with, 7, 4; land warrant, 7, 343; pay, 7,
360, 361; value of services, 2, 139, 169, 7,
358., Chinook chief, 3, 294.
Indians, Crow band, numbers,
6, 267.Shobarboobeer Indians, habitat, 6, 119;
numbers, 6, 119., supposed Indian word for
Columbia, 3, 325; chief of Indians, 3, 325.Indians. See .
Shoemate, See
(Mahhaha), Ahnahaway village,
1, 270, 271.. See Big Horse.
. See White Horse.
County (), 5, 121.
Shoshoni (Alitan, Choshonnê, Gens de Serpent,
Snake, Sosonee) Indians: described,
3, 9, 10, 38, 46, 6, 106, 107; habitat, 1,
176, 210, 2, 345, 362, 366, 369, 373, 374,
379, 3, 3, 16, 38–40, 42, 44–47, 85, 103, 145,
147, 149, 158, 295, 4, 73, 76, 77, 184, 189,
5, 5, 9, 24, 94, 246, 6, 55, 64, 107, 114, 118,
119; numbers, 2, 370, 3, 149, 6, 114, 118,
119; sign language, 2, 346, 347; language,
5, 19, 21; vocabulary, 2, 330, 338–340, 3,
12, 13, 78, 5, 46, 47; geographical nomenclature,
5, 257, 6, 19; different tribes, 1,
210, 345, 4, 74, 77, 6, 107; physical characteristics,
2, 372, 3, 36, 38, 46; mental,
2, 370; capricious, 3, 43; contented, 3,
45; friendly, 7, 139, 140; generous, 3,
44, 46; esteem bravery, 3, 29; honest, 3,
8, 14; lazy, 3, 18; poor, 2, 367, 370, 374,
383, 385, 3, 9, 14, 29, 36, 38, 41, 45, 46, 7,
138, 140, 141; willow lodges, 2, 234, 235,
334, 341, 343, 385, 3, 6, 9, 42, 6, 64; dress,
2, 372, 373, 376–379, 3, 3–6, 4, 303, 5, 30,
32, 7, 138; shirts, 2, 376, 377, 4, 284,
285; leggings, 2, 377, 378; tippets, 2, 378,
379; ornaments, 2, 372, 373, 4, 239, 303,
307; hair dressing, 2, 372; tattooing,
2, 373; food, 2, 323, 324, 342, 349, 355,
367, 373, 379, 385, 5, 160, 161, 251, 7, 143;
weapons, 2, 329, 341, 346, 373, 3, 19–21,
30; implements, 2, 373, 3, 19, 27; not
agriculturalists, 2, 342, 351, 3, 14; fishermen,
4, 366, 6, 55; position of women, 2,
370–372, 3, 10, 41; wives purchased, 2,
370, 371; plural wives, 2, 370; childbirth,
3, 40; women chaste, 2, 371, 372; position
of children, 2, 371; of men, 2, 370–
372; diseases, 2, 373; customs, 2, 339–
342; method of greeting, 2, 340; exchange
names, 2, 367; suck fingers, 2, 365; calumet
ceremonies, 2, 340–342; calumet illustrated,
2, 342; music, 2, 343, 347;
dances, 7, 144; games, 4, 37, 38, 5, 26, 7,
143; peace signals, 2, 329, 330, 339; employ
spies, 5, 248; mourning customs, 2,
372; hunting, 2, 345, 346, 5, 261, 6, 191,
7, 122, 141, 143, 145; fight on horseback,
2, 348; prize mules, 2, 372, 374, 375, 7,
140; own horses, 2, 234, 244, 279, 321,
329–334, 343, 345–347, 374, 375, 4, 73, 74,
76, 77, 7, 153, 320; number owned, 2,
372; price, 4, 295; stolen, 3, 43, 4, 290;
bridles, 2, 329, 347; relations with other
tribes, 3, 145, 149, 158, 161, 163, 168, 171,
5, 270, 6, 86, 89–91; teach Arikara bead-making,
1, 272; realtions with Blackfeet,
2, 252; Cayuse, 5, 117; Columbian tribes,
3, 145, 149, 168–170, 295; Crows, 1, 220,
5, 273, 6, 103; Flatheads, 3, 54, 60, 61;
Mandan, 1, 249, 284, 7, 319, 331; Minitaree,
1, 210, 220, 282, 283, 2, 372, 3, 38,
46, 5, 158, 342, 7, 124; Nez Percés, 4,
359, 362, 5, 24, 27, 28, 106, 113; Willacums,
4, 280, 282; prisoners, 3, 193, 4,
331, 333, 336, 339; fur-trade, 6, 106, 107;
with Spanish, 2, 347, 375, 383, 5, 99;
Sacajawea member of tribe, 1, 257, 271,
2, 92, 163, 283; expedition desires to
meet, 1, 288, 2, 244, 247, 262, 279, 290,
292, 293, 321, 7, 119, 130; opposition
feared, 2, 175, 209, 5, 55–57, 7, 326;
Lewis meets, 2, 329–331, 337–339, 7, 130;
alarmed at white men, 3, 15, 16; Clark
visits, 3, 6, 9, 5, 245; expedition among,
2, 200, 337–360, 4, 359, 362, 5, 4, 5, 9,
343, 7, 136–142, 340, 341, 416; council
with, 2, 362, 363, 7, 140; presents exchanged,
2, 363, 366, 367, 384, 385, 3, 278,
5, 354; desire firearms, 2, 362, 383; distrust
expedition, 2, 349–351, 354–358; attempt
to steal gun, 3, 12; sell horses, 2,
362, 363, 3, 14, 27, 43, 45–47; transport
baggage, 2, 347, 349, 362, 3, 34–36, 40, 7,
141, 142; furnish geographical information,
2, 364, 366, 380–386, 4, 70, 336, 339,
5, 150, 152; accompany expedition, 3, 8,
15, 16, 22, 24, 26, 27, 32, 33, 36, 42, 43, 47–
83, 4, 358, 368, 371, 7, 136–169; mistake
road, 3, 64; abandon, 3, 34, 35, 100;
steal horses, 4, 358, 5, 91, 93, 252, 7,
153; act as interpreters, 5, 20, 21, 7, 30;
fur-trade desired, 6, 74; roads followed,
5, 150, 152, 249, 6, 77, 78.Shoshoni Cove, burned over, 3, 38; Indian
battle, 3, 58; hunting in, 3, 18, 38; Clark
at, 2, 364, 5, 253; Drouillard, 3, 3, 11, 12;
Lewis, 3, 28–36, 38, 40; expedition, 2,
326, 327, 345, 351, 367.Shot-pouch, lost in river, 2, 197, 200, 315.
Shotaharrora. See Coal.
Shoto Indians, tribe of Wappato, habitat,
4, 219, 221, 6, 116; numbers, 6, 116.Shrike, white rumped (Lanius excubitoroides),
described, 2, 140, 141.Shrimp, habitat, 1, 110, 111.
Sibley, Dr. John, explorations of, 1, xxxvi.
Side Hill Calf, killed by Reuben Fields, 5,
223.Signs, language of, 2, 346, 347; works on,
2, 346, 347; Drouillard interprets, 2, 346Silcott (Wash.), location, 4, 354.
Silk-grass (Adam's needle and Eve's thread;
Yucca filamentosa), Indians use, 2, 378,
3, 12, 209, 350, 352, 354, 356, 4, 185, 186,
190.Silkworms, habitat, 5, 87, 89.
Silver, location of mines, 2, 223, 305, 5,
387, 7, 300.Silver fish, habitat, 1, 110, 111.
"Simnel." See Squashes.
Simnins. See Pumpkins.
Simulium. See Buffalo-gnats.
Sinitor roots. See Thistles.
Siouan family, Biddle's sketch, 1, 241;
habitat, 1, 176; tribes, 1, 132, 133, 205,
6, 93–99, 105.Sioux (Dakota, Darcotar, Sues) Indians,
described, 6, 81, 93–99; habitat, 1, 99,
126, 127, 132, 159, 162, 5, 349, 6, 43, 93–
98, 108, 7, 190, , 382; camps, 1, 110,
111; numbers, 1, 132, 162, 163; different
tribes, 1, 132, 133, 205, 6, 93–99, 105;
language, 1, 103, 132, 220, 221, 5, 366, 6,
89; nomads, 1, 132; physical characteristics,
1, 130, 306, 2, 372; lodges, 1, 128,
129, 160, 5, 352, 7, 54; dress, 1, 130;
food, 1, 128, 132, 168, 5, 328; not agriculturalists,
1, 132; fond of liquor, 1, 310;
weapons, 1, 130; customs, 1, 128, 129,
189; treatment of aged, 3, 316, 331; immorality,
2, 371; dances, 1, 131; secret
society, 1, 130; belief in , 1, 119,
fire as signal, 1, 123, 126; right of asylum
at pass, 1, 156; pipestone quarries, 1,
115; relations with other tribes, 5, 338,
353, 357, 6, 87–90, 92, 100, 102, 103, 108–
111, 7, 316, 323, 325; , 1, 271;
Arikara, 1, 189, 220, 231, 5, 352, 393, 6,
59, 89, 7, 304, 305; , 1, 221,
275; Crow, 1, 220; Mandan, 1, 200, 220,
224, 229–231, 247, 249, 252, 261, 267, 271,
286, 7, 69; Minitaree, 1, 227, 286; ,
1, 51; Oto and Missouri, 1, 102; Teton,
1, 169; traders among, 1, xxiii, 131, 238,
5, 374; posts, 5, 283, 356; fur-trade, 1,
132, 160, 175, 176, 189, 2, 137, 6, 45, 46,
93–99, 7, 387; Dorion interpreter, 1, 115,
5, 383; expedition among, 1, 46, 111, ,
163, 186, 187, 5, 176, 179, 242; council
with, 1, 126, 128–133, 7, 54, 55; presents
exchanged, 1, 128, 129, 131, 162, 281;
steal horses, 1, 205, 258, 261–264, 267;
hostility of, 1, 73, 177, 178, 5, 286, 340,
341, 343, 345, 347, 354, 355, 360, 361, 368,
6, 45, 7, 320; visit Washington, 5, 281–
283, 285, 287, 383; relations with United
States, 5, 285, 286, 7, 293.Sioux City (Ia.), Floyd buried at, 1, liv,
114.Sisseton (Cisitons, , Sissatone,
Sistasoone) Indians, Sioux tribe,
6, 99; described, 6, 95; habitat, 6, 95;
numbers, 1, , 6, 95; war with Mandan,
1, ; trade with Sioux, 6, 45; check
on Teton, 7, 388; fur-trade, 6, 89, 95, 96,
7, 374, 387; relations with United States,
5, 282.Skaddat Indians, habitat, 4, 305, 307, 6,
119; numbers, 6, 119; gambling, 4, 296–
299, ; traders, 4, 296, 298.Skamania County (Wash), 3, 198, 4, 214.
Skates, habitat, 4, 160, 161, 163, 165. See
also .Indians. See Skitsuish.
Skelley,—, trader on Northwest coast, 3,
306, 307, 4, 178.Skemahkweup, Indian chief, meets expedition,
4, 196.Skillute (, Skilloot) Indians, habitat,
3, 194, 196, 199, 341, 342, 6, 66, 68, 117;
numbers, 3, 341, 342, 4, 206, 208, 6, 117;
language, 3, 199, 4, 206, 208, 366; characterized,
3, 194, 196, 300; thievish, 3,
195, 197, 199; houses, 4, 300, 302, 303, 6,
166; dress, 4, 24, 25, 206, 208, 289, 303,
307; buffalo robes, 4, 292; flatten heads,
3, 199; food, 3, 362, 363, 4, 292, 294,
7, 187; fuel scarce, 4, 292, 294; manners,
4, 206, 208; , 4, 296–299,
311; canoes, 7, 187; fish nets, 4, 292;
traders, 3, 196, 199, 343, 344,
4, 200; possess European goods, 3, 195,
197; war with Chinook, 4, 206, 208;
Clark among, 4, 287–289; Lewis, 4, 295,
299, 311; expedition, 3, 299, 300, 4, 205–
207, 209, 309, 7, 187, 188; gun repaired,
3, 300, 301.
Indians, , 4, 363, 365, 5, 94, 6,
119; numbers, 6, 119; language, 4, 363,
365; characteristics, 4, 363, 365; dress,
4, 363, 365; relations with Nez ,
5, 158; sketch, 4, 363.Skunk, incorrectly called polecat, 4, 114.
Slashes, meaning of word, 3, 271.
, found on Missouri, 1, 83, 125,
145, 146, 148, 2, 152, 159, 262, 265.Slaves, kept by Indians, 4, 118, 120–122,
328; treatment of, 4, 121, 122; price, 4,
118; Thurston owns, 7, 301.Smackshop Indians, tribe of
quaw, habitat, 4, 281, 6, 67, 116; numbers,
6, 116.Small-pox, decimates Indians, 1, 106, 107,
110, 220, 250, 261, , 2, 373, 5, 347, 6,
86, 88, 90, 91, 106, 109, 7, , 315.Smelts, habitat, 4, 109.
. See Solme.
Smilex. See Greenbrier.
Smith, J. G., American botanist, 3, 197.
Smith, Robert, secretary of navy, river
named for, 2, 230, 233.Smith, Silas B., Clatsop descendant, gives
information, 3, 221, 230, 242, 278, 325;
"Beginnings of Oregon," 4, 138.Smith, Solomon, teacher, marries Coboway's
daughter, 4, 138.Smith, W. H., St. Clair Papers, 7, 200, 201.
Smithsonian Report, 1, 41, 106.
Snake Indians. See Shoshoni.
Snake House Hill, location, 1, 292.
Snake-root (Seneca, Polygala senega), as
remedy, 5, 61.Snakes, habitat, 1, 48, 56, 66, 100, 104, 142,
152, 2, 266, 3, 200, 202, 257, 290, 298, 5,
42, 43, 86, 87, 89, 6, 68, 7, 120; Indian
tradition, 1, 197; cure for bite, 1, 66,
266, 267, 281; different varieties described,
2, 266, 4, 211, 213, 6, 128, 199,
224, 229. See also the several species.Snails, described, 4, 155; habitat, 3, 298,
301, 4, 162, 6, 209.Snipes, habitat, 4, 135; size, 2, 120.
Snow, on Missouri, 1, 201, 202, 221, 228,
232, 233, 235–239, 241, 242, 244, 250, 252,
261, 264, 265, 271, 276, 6, 169, 170, 177,
180–184, 189, 190, 192, 195, 197, 198; on
mountains, 3, 41, 51, 52, 56, 68, 6, 216,
217, 220, 222, 224, 7, 148, 149, 151, 152,
154, 156–158; on Columbia, 3, 23, 6,
204, 206, 207, 209, 214, 215; depth on
mountains, 6, 73, 74, 78; encountered in
May, 1, 360, 361, 364, 2, 97, 99; in July,
6, 76; melts gradually, 2, 157; delays
mountain crossing, 6, 78; used for water,
3, 68, 72; produces blindness, 1, 262.Snow-berry bush, names for, 7, 393.
Snow-Bridge Gulch, direction, 5, 165.
Snow-shoes, Indians use, 3, 106, 4, 268.
Sodrang. See Saugrain.
Sokulk Indians, habitat, 3, 184, 4, 73, 74,
76, 77, 6, 115, 119, 7, 177; numbers, 6,
115; vocabulary taken, 3, 123, 128;
characteristics, 3, 126, 127; lodges, 7,
175, 178; dress, 3, 123, 125, 126, 7, 174,
177; food, 7, 174, 175; implements, 3,
127; poverty, 7, 174; unaccustomed to
smoking, 3, 125; monogramous, 3, 126; burial customs, 7, 174, 176; trade with
whites, 7, 174, 176; Clark meets, 3, 120–
127; expedition, 7, 173–176.Solme, Clark discovers, 3, 219–221; identified,
3, 221; described, 4, 12, 13, 16–18.Solomon's Seal, resembles solme, 4, 16–18.
Sorrel (Oxalis oregona), described, 6, 210.
Sosonee Indians. See Shoshoni.
Sosee Indians, tribe of Southwest coast, 3,
341.Sosobubar Indians, Shoshoni tribe, described,
6, 107.Sosona Indians, Shoshoni tribe, described,
6, 107.Soto, son of Spanish captive, 4, 215.
Soulier Noir Indians. See Ahnahaway.
Sousetoon Indians. See Sisseton.
South Carolina, salamander in, 1, 289.
South West Point, garrison at, 7, 214,
225.Southernwood, identified, 1, 307; location,
2, 68, 260, 312, 327, 4, 328, 5, 192.Soyennow Indians, tribe of Nez Percés, 6,
115; habitat, 6, 115; numbers, 6, 115.Spalding, H. H., missionary to Nez Percés,
3, 103.Spalding (Idaho), location, 3, 103.
Spanish, explorations, 1, xvii, xxii; Indian
missions, 1, xvii; trade with Indians, 2,
347, 375, 383, 3, 19, 6, 103, 106–108, 7,
137, 138, 369–388; bridles, 3, 31; saddles,
5, 55; horses, 5, 55; mules stolen, 4, 74,
77, 5, 342; money, 5, 99; flag, 1, 167;
Indians capture, 4, 215; Louisiana settlements,
1, 176, 5, 320, 388, 390, 6, 51, 52;
inducements to immigrants, 5, 391; relations
with United States, 5, 375, 376, 387,
388; Louisiana ceded to, 5, 392; retroceded,
7, 281; troops withdrawn, 7,
292; posts, 7, 251, 281; land-grant disputes, 5, 391.Spanish dagger plant, silk-grass resembles,
2, 378.Sparrows, habitat, 2, 120, 3, 309, 310, 4,
135, 136, 345, 347, 5, 177, 192, 210, 279, 6,
192; size, 2, 184.Spatula clypeata. See Ducks.
Spelts, food for grouse, 4, 121, 123.
Spermophilus columbianus; S. tridecemlineatus
pallidus. See
Squirrels.Sphyropicus ruber. See Woodpecker.
Spicewood, on Missouri, 6, 171, 172.
Spiders, on Columbia, 6, 209.
Spiræa douglasii, Coues; S. menziesii, identified,
4, 50.Spirit Mound, described, 1, 121–123; expedition
at, 6, 128.Springs—
Boiling, described, 5, 252, 253; Clark's
party on, 5, 252, 253; meat cooked in,
6, 224.Boyle's, location, 3, 64; Indians bathe
in, 7, 155; expedition at, 7, 155.Giant, described, 2, 195; Lewis at, 2, 194,
195.Grog, location, 5, 227; Lewis at, 5, 227,
332, 335.Hot, described, 5, 170–172; distance up
Missouri, 6, 64, 73; location, 5, 162; trail,
5, 167; hunting, 5, 169, 171; expedition at,
6, 77. See also Creek: Traveller's Rest.Mammoth (Yellowstone), Lewis at, 2,
269.Salt, location, 1, 5, 38, 41–43, 84, 6, 32,
33, 40, 128, 267, 268.Sulphur, medicinal properties of, 2, 163;
expedition passes, 2, 165, 169, 7, 102.Spruce trees, location, 2, 243, 3, 172, 174,
188, 190, 195, 204, 217, 219, 220, 270, 4,
43, 44, 7, 117, 118, 183, 185, 187; size, 3,
219, 220; use of roots, 4, 84, 86.Spuck, young sea-otter, 3, 328, 345, 4, 73;
Indians capture, 3, 347, 349.Squannaroos (Squannanos), Indians, habitat,
4, 305, 307, 6, 119; numbers, 6,
119.Square Butte, Lewis sights, 2, 147.
Squashes, raised by Indians, 1, 181, 187,
188, 3, 14, 6, 90; eaten, 5, 355; name
for summer, 1, 188."Squaw cabbage," local name for Veratrum
viride, Ait., 5, 168.Squirrels, common, habitat, 1, 143, 145, 3,
23, 161–164, 172, 261, 5, 35–37, 189, 196,
7, 181; prairie dogs resemble, 1, 142,
291; pekans eat, 4, 88; skins, 1, 281, 3,
143, 5, 189, 7, 177; burrowing: described,
5, 69, 70, 72, 73; habitat, 5, 69, 122, 123,
192, 246; fox: habitat, 5, 368, 369, 6,
122; grey: habitat, 3, 72, 5, 173, 182, 6,
122; large grey: described, 4, 104, 106;
habitat, 4, 73, 76, 104, 106, 286; small
grey: described, 4, 104, 105, 107; habitat,
4, 73, 76, 104, 107; ground: habitat,
4, 73, 76, 105, 107, 5, 187, 189; pale
striped, 2, 216; small brown: described,
4, 104, 106, 107; habitat, 4, 73, 76;
whistling: described, 5, 59; size, 5, 178;
habitat, 5, 216, 250, 368; unknown
species described, 4, 286; barking, see
Prairie dogs.Stacey, E. C., finds list of supplies, 7, 231.
Staetan (Steaton) Indians, habitat, 6, 101;
numbers, 6, 101, 7, 316; enemies, 6, 102;
trade 6, 90, 101; sketch, 6, 101.Stanley, Henry M., writings of, 1, xli.
Stanton (N. Dak.), expedition at site, 1,
206.Stargeahunja. See Big Blue Eyes.
Staunton (Va.), Lewis at, 7, 337.
Stephen,—, Revolutionary officer, 7, 402.
Sterna antillarum, described, 6, 124, 125.
Sterna forsteri. See Terns.
Stevens, Isaac Ingalls, explores Steven's
Prairie, 5, 191; Report, 3, 64, 4, 341, 5,
194; map, 4, 341, 5, 196.Stevensville (Mont.), expedition near, 3, 57.
Stewart, Walter, subscriber to Michaux
expedition, 7, 205.Stiles, Ezra, letter from Jefferson, 7, 196.
Stillasha, Clatsop chief, 3, 239.
canadense. See Pike-perch.
Stoat. See Ermine.
Stock-home, Chinook chief, 3, 294.
Stoddard, Maj. Amos, relation to expedition,
1, 14, 22, 23, 6, 155, 7, 35, 272, 319,
322, 368, 389; "Public Lands," 5, 391;
Sketches of Louisiana, 1, 189, 2, 347, 5,
390, 7, 35.Stone, Witmer, zoological notes by, 1, 280,
6, 121; aid acknowledged, 1, lviii.Stony Point, battle of, 5, 393.
Storks, habitat, 3, 193.
Strawberries, location, 3, 176–179, 4, 234,
247, 5, 108, 110, 6, 174, 190, 213, 219, 7,
41, 101.Strong, Thomas N., information given by,
3, 252, 4, 137.Strouds, term defined, 6, 276; in Indian
trade, 7, 304.Struck by the Pawnee (Pawnawneahpahbe),
Sioux chief, meets expedition, 1, 131.Stuart, Alexander, on Columbia River, 4,
268.—, Granville, Montana as it Is, 3, 78,
101, 245.—, James, Nez Percé Indian, 5, 14.
—(Idaho), location, 5, 66.
Sturgeons, habitat, 3, 234, 236, 276, 325, 4,
109, 111, 123, 125, 223, 290, 6, 207, 7,
187; method of catching, 4, 200, 202;
of cooking, 4, 131–134; as food, 4, 131,
133, 155, 157; as present, 3, 237, 238,
240, 4, 203, 204; sold, 4, 102, 103, 105,
116, 118; in trade, 4, 200, 202, 221; glue
made from, 3, 346, 348.Sturgis, Gen. James G., in Nez Percé war,
5, 289.Sturnella magna; S. neglecta. See Larks.
Suckers (Mullets; Catostonius catostomus),
described, 2, 369, 370; habitat, 7, 107;
weight, 4, 328, 330; method of catching,
5, 22; eaten, 4, 290, 328, 330.Sugar, made by expedition, 1, 8; article of
trade, 1, 188, 3, 14, 5, 287, 387.Sugar tree, location, 6, 141.
Sulphate of soda, water impregnated with,
1, 295.Sulphur, found on Missouri, 1, 305, 311, 6,
98; as remedy, 2, 163, 5, 48, 56, 58, 59,
61, 62, 66, 67.Sumac (Rhus aromatica trilobata; R. Canadensis
trilobata; R. glabra; R. typhana;
R. hirta; R. toxicodendra), location, 2,
236, 240, 260, 337, 3, 75, 4, 342, 343, 5,
108, 110, 121, 122, 302, 6, 140, 141, 156,
158; as medicine, 4, 16, 18; mixed with
tobacco, 1, 166.Sunflowers (Balsamorrhiza sagittata), location,
2, 231, 233, 238, 245, 320, 4, 283, 5,
211, 267, 6, 220, 222, 7, 130, 133; seeds
as food, 2, 238, 3, 16, 42, 4, 311.Swallows, habitat, 2, 146, 6, 175, 226, 7, 126.
Swamp potato. See Wappato.
Swan, C., signature on land warrant, 7, 343.
Swans, habitat, 1, 69, 181, 199, 220, 222, 255,
278, 292, 294, 296, 302, 319, 327, 346, 362,
365, 3, 169, 171, 191, 193, 194, 199–201,
210, 250, 307, 308, 4, 137, 138, 147, 149,
210, 212, 216, 218, 5, 191, 6, 26, 169, 173,
174, 179, 185, 204, 211, 7, 118, 183, 185–
188, 311; wild, 3, 254, 255; food, 4, 216;
skin used for robe, 3, 239; whistling
(Olor columbianus): described, 4, 147–
150; named, 6, 121; food, 6, 138.Swan-root. See Nelumbo lutea.
Sweat House Village, distance down Columbia,
6, 65.Sweet-grass, plaited as ornament, 3, 5, 10.
—Hills. See Three Buttes.
Swipeton,—, trader on Northwest coast,
3, 306, 307, 4, 169, 178, 187, 191, 268, 272.Sycamores, location, 1, 54, 83, 95, 6, 140.
Symphoricarpus racemosus. See Honeysuckles.
Symphemia semipalmata. See Plover.
Tabbabone, Indian word for white man,
2, 330, 338, 339.Tabeau (Tabbow, Tabo, Taboe, Tebeau,
Tiebeau), Antoine, fur-trader, meets expedition,
1, 184, 185, 188; among Arikara,
6, 151; gives aid, 6, 270; with return
detachment, 1, 283; at St. Charles, 5,
392; letter from expedition, 1, 233, 269;
letter to, 1, 267, 286.Tackchandeseechar Indians, Sioux tribe,
6, 99.Tafia (Taffee), defined, 1, 232; given to
men, 1, 232, 240.Tâhcum, Chinook chief, meets expedition,
4, 89, 91.Tail of Calumet Bird. See Marserusse.
Tallamon,—, visits Northwest coast, 3,
307, 4, 178Talleyrand-Périgord, Charles Maurice de,
relation to Louisiana Purchase, 7, 228,
229.Tallow, used to caulk boat, 2, 179, 212, 220.
Tamias striatus; T. townsendi. See
Squirrels.Tanager, Louisiana (Piranga ),
described, 5, 111, 112, 116, 6, 121.Tansy, location, 2, 126, 290, 5, 108, 110, 7,
96, 97, 124.Tar, on River Cheyenne, 6, 48; preparation
for making, 2, 202–204, 207, 208, 221;
expedition unable to procure, 2, 209, 211,
220; used in boat construction, 7, 109,
110.Tarcarray, Sioux chief, 6, 99.
Tarcoimboto Indians, Sioux tribe, 6, 99.
Tarcoehparh Indians, Sioux tribe, 6, 99.
Tarlche, Indian tribe of Southwest coast,
3, 341.Tartackkahsabbar. See Black Buffalo.
Tartar emetic, as remedy, 2, 214, 215.
Tartongar Waker. See Beuffe de Medicine.
Tartonggarmahnee, Sioux chief, 6, 99.
Tartonggarwarhar, Sioux chief, 6, 99.
Tartonggarsarpar, Sioux chief, 6, 99.
Tartunggannaza, Sioux chief, 6, 99.
Tattunggarweeteco, Sioux chief, 6, 99.
Tatuckcopinreho (White Buffalo robe unfolded),
Mandan chief, 1, 212.Tavern Rock, pictographs on, 1, 27, 6, 56,
7, 5, 31.Tawnuheo Bellarsara, Mandan chief, meets
expedition, 1, 212.Taxidea Americana. See Badger.
Taxus brevifolia. See Pines.
Tayon (Tayong), Charles, Spanish ensign,
1, 22, 23.Teal, blue-winged (Querquedula discors),
described, 4, 153, 154; habitat, 3, 115–
117, 4, 137, 139, 6, 129.Tecarton (Village of Prairie), Sioux tribe,
habitat, 1, 133.Telegraph and Daily Advertiser (Baltimore),
7, 314.Tennessee, volunteers from, 7, 288.
Tepahcus Indians, habitat, 7, 305.
Terns (white gulls; Sterna forsteri), described.
4, 140, 141; habitat, 5, 173, 174,
237, 6, 175, 177, 188.Tetoharsky, Nez Percé chief, 4, 355, 356.
Teton (Tetongues) Indians, Siouan tribe,
2, 125; described, 6, 97–99, 7, 64; habitat,
1, 133, 162, 174, 202, 5, 243, 282, 360,
6, 97–99; numbers, 1, 133, 6, 97; different
tribes, 1, 133, 6, 97–99; characteristics,
1, 166, 7, 63, 64; naked, 1, 202 paint
526bodies, 1, 166; dress, 1, 166; use painted
robes, 1, 167; head-dress, 1, 166; skin
lodges, 1, 167; utensils, 1, 169; position
of women, 1, 166; camp discipline, 1,
168; burial customs, 1, 169; council
ceremonies, 1, 167–170; war dances, 1,
168–170; music, 1, 168; pipe of peace,
1, 167; weapons, 1, 165, 166; desire
tobacco, 1, 180; steal horses, 1, 163, 202,
280, 7, 61, 62; chief drunk, 1, 164, 165;
allies of Arikara, 6, 89; war with Mandan,
1, 267; Omaha, 1, 167–169, 6, 88,
7, 64; trade with Sioux, 6, 45, 95, 96;
Sisseton restrain, 7, 388; traders among,
5, 329, 6, 97, 98, 7, 374, 387; relations
with expedition, 1, 162–174, 202, 5, 365–
368, 371, 7, 61–65; attempt to detain, 1,
170, 171, 7, 63, 65, 303, 315; hostile to
United States, 5, 243, 282, 360, 361, 366,
367, 378, 7, 336.Texas, Indians in, 2, 345.
Thaleichthys pacificus; T. stevensi. See
Eulachon.Thermometers, lost, 7, 119; broken, 3, 51,
6, 197, 203.Thistle (Shanataque, Shanatawhee;
edulis), described, 4, 3–5; location, 2,
263, 290, 320, 3, 242, 4, 234, 247, 7, 119,
124; root used for food, 3, 240, 242, 278,
279, 325, 362, 363; method of preparing,
3, 291, 292; purchased, 3, 299, 300.Thomas, Isaiah, owns edition of Gass
Journal, 1, lxxiv.Thomis, Thomas, 7, 3.
Thomomys. See Gopher.
Thompson, David, fur-trader, 1, 206; names
Yellowstone, 1, 339; inaccurate, 1, 246.Thompson, G. W., Report on Gass land
claim, 1, lxxv.Thompson, John B., with expedition, 1, 11–
13, 284, 287, 7, 26, 30, 358; in Floyd's
mess, 1, 30; on court martial, 1, 61;
in charge of supplies, 1, 71, 72; accident
to, 3, 99; vote on wintering place, 3,
247; jerks meat, 4, 120; hunter, 4, 59,
60, 163, 165, 168, 169; with Clark, 4,
236; detects Indian thief, 4, 267, 271;
trade with Indians, 5, 48–50; horse ill,
5, 153; encounter with bear, 5, 198;
saddler, 5, 201; at Missouri falls, 5, 175,
179; portage, 5, 332; creek named for,
2, 88, 90; land warrant, 7, 343; pay, 7,
360, 361.Thomson, Charles, letter to, 7, 196.
Thomson, James, "The Seasons," 2, 149.
Thornback, Clark finds on beach, 3, 320.
Thorn-bushes, location, 4, 201, 203, 207,
209, 247, 256, 276, 5, 264, 6, 210; pulpy-leafed,
see Greasewood.Thornton, Edward, British charge d'affaires,
grants passport, 1, 215, 7, 307.Thrashers, brown, on Missouri, 1, 39.
Thrushes, brown, on Missouri, 2, 130, 5,
200; blue, size, 2, 140.Thruston, William, slaves of, 7, 301.
Thuya gigantea. (plicata). See Firs.
Thwaites, Reuben G. (ed.), Early Western
Travels, 3, 144, 4, 90, 268, 5, 322, 346,
351, 371, 373, 374, 390; Lahontan's Voyages,
4, 127; Rocky Mountain Exploration,
1, xxii, xxxi, xcii; Jesuit Relations, 1, lxi,
239, 267, 320, 2, 197, 341, 3, 21, 319.Tia, word for chief, 3, 308, 310.
Tice,—, in St. Charles, 5, 392.
Ticks, annoy expedition, 1, 51, 56, 4, 246,
247.Tiebeau. See Tabeau.
Tiger cats (Lynx rufus fasciatus), described,
4, 86, 92, 93; habitat, 3, 279, 4, 73, 75,
92, 211, 213, 7, 336; skins as robes, 4,
86, 93, 185, 186, 189.Tillamook (Callamak) Indians, habitat, 3,
295, 323–325, 333, 340, 342, 6, 117;
numbers, 6, 117; language, 3, 295,
302; find whale, 3, 308, 310, 312–314,
332; salt-makers near, 3, 312–314, 320;
attempt to kill McNeal, 3, 329, 334.Tillamook County (Ore.), 3, 324.
Tillamook Head (Ore.), Clark surmounts,
3, 321; light-house on, 3, 321, 4, 137;
alumina in, 3, 321.Tilghman, William, member of American
Philosophical Society, 7, 405, 406, 410;
letter from Biddle, 7, 408; sketch, 7,
408.Timm, Indian word for falls, 3, 143, 154, 6,
22; mountain named for, 3, 144.Timothy, on Missouri, 1, 77, 79, 111, 3, 45;
in Lewis herbarium, 6, 157.Tintahton Indians, Sioux tribe, 6, 99.
Titian, Lewis wishes for brush of, 2, 149.
Tlatscanai (Clackstarn, Claxtar, Claxter,
Klatscanai) Indians, habitat, 3, 295, 4,
213, 217, 218, 220, 6, 116; numbers, 6,
116; characteristics, 3, 295; visit expedition,
4, 220.Toads (Bufo columbiensis), habitat, 5, 87,
89.Tobacco (nicotiana quadrivalvis), described,
6, 149–151; identified, 6, 142, 158; raised
by Indians, 1, 183, 187, 188, 281, 5, 351,
6, 89, 90, 149–151, 7, 322; mode of cultivation,
6, 150; substitutes for, 1, 323,
5274, 21, 138, 6, 155, 157; scarce, 2, 351, 4,
138; in councils, 1, 129, 164, 167, 2,
340–342, 7, 304; Indians fond of, 3, 322,
336; as present, 1, 89, 102, 109, 113, 128,
129, 131, 171–174, 179, 208, 209, 217, 221,
228, 232, 233, 256, 286, 3, 54, 278, 290,
300, 4, 357, 5, 223, 353, 6, 273; purchased,
3, 299, 300, 5, 375, 376; in trade,
1, 221, 269, 2, 363, 3, 286, 4, 176, 179,
203, 205, 5, 287; cached, 5, 254, 255;
seed, 1, 281, 5, 355; in Lewis herbarium,
6, 156.Tobacco worm, found by York, 6, 224.
Tobikhar Indians, Shoshonean tribe, 2,
345.Toby, guide, 5, 25.
Tochewahcoo Indians. See Fox.
Todd, John, governor of Louisiana Territory,
5, 381.Todd, Col. Thomas, appointed judge, 7, 362.
Tomahawks, part of equipment, 5, 149, 152,
7, 216; lost, 2, 197, 200, 299, 5, 95, 97,
248, 330; stolen, 1, 262, 4, 219, 221, 258,
261, 309, 312, 5, 98, 101; recovered, 3,
8, 9, 5, 249; Clark exchanges, 4, 268,
272; Willard uses, 4, 57, 58; article of
trade, 5, 117, 118; hollow handled, 7,
125; buried with dead, 5, 99, 101.Tomarlarpom, Wallawalla chief, 3, 132.
Tongue grass. See Cress.
"Tonquin," officers of, in Astorian expedition,
4, 90.Tools, supply carried, 2, 189, 190; cached,
2, 134, 136, 139, 140, 143; adze, 2, 219;
augers, 2, 140, 143, 7, 99; awls, in Indian
trade, 1, 169, 2, 331, 339, 363, 5, 48, 49,
52, 53, 61, 63, 6, 103; axes, 2, 189, 190,
219, 224–226, 5, 278; made, 1, 242, 244,
252, 254, 255, 266, 2, 221, 223, 5, 278;
lost, 2, 233, 235; stolen, 4, 267, 271;
cached, 2, 139–141, 143; in Indian trade,
1, 217, 219, 221, 4, 289, 5, 133, 6, 45, 89,
90, 95, 103; chisels, cached, 2, 140, 143;
files, 5, 243, 278; cached, 2, 143; in
Indian trade, 1, 244, 3, 286, 288, 5, 114,
115; hoes, 1, 242; howel, cached, 2, 140,
143; planes, cached, 2, 140, 143; saw,
cached, 7, 99; tongs, cached, 2, 140.Tooettecane. See Cameahwait.
Tooettecon'l (Black Gun), Shoshoni chief,
2, 367.Toone (is a whippoorwill), Arikara chief,
accompanies expedition, 1, 200, 201.Toowarsar (Skin pricks) Indians, habitat,
1, 190; language, 1, 190.Topahcass (white hair's) Indians, habitat,
1, 190; language, 1, 190.Tortohongar. See Partizan.
Touincas Indians, Clark's note on, 6,
113.Towannahhiook Indians. See Shoshoni.
"Tower," Missouri landmark, described,
1, 141.Tower Rock, described, 2, 235; expedition
at, 2, 240.Towerquottons, Kilamox chief, town of, 6,
71.Towwall, Indian chief, 3, 132, 239.
Townsend (Mont.),Clark at site of, 2, 264,
267.Toxylon pomiferum, Raf. See Osage orange.
Trading-vessels, expected on Northwest
coast, 3, 247, 249; list of English, 3,
305–307; nationality of, 3, 327, 344;
dates of visits, 3, 327, 340, 342, 344.Trails: buffalo, 5, 186, 189, 210, 249, 261–
264, 268, 6, 25; Indian, 4, 71, 5, 94, 150,
152, 156, 157, 188, 189, 192, 193, 196, 250,
261, 265, 332, 6, 78; traders, 5, 189; expedition,
4, 68, 70, 5, 140; over Rockies,
2, 235, 245, 247, 249, 250, 252, 263, 273,
275, 334, 335, 337, 353, 360, 380–382, 4,
24, 68–72, 5, 28, 140–143, 148, 150, 152,
164, 166–171, 174, 180, 185, 188, 255, 264,
268, 7, 145, 146, 339–342; Santa Fe, 5,
386; map of Yellowstone-Columbia, 4,
244. See also Roads and Passes.Treaties: San Ildefonso (1800), 5, 391;
Sauk and Fox with United States (1804),
5, 392.Trelease, William, aid acknowledged, 1,
lviii, 5, 97; notes by, 6, 140–142, 158.Trent, Capt. William, with Jefferson, 7,
293.Trevitt, Victor, Oregon pioneer, selects site
for Lewiston, 3, 104; grave of, 3, 170.Tripoli, location, 6, 160, 164.
Trist, Hore Brown, United States collector,
7, 275, 293, 295, 322.Trout, habitat, 2, 150, 151, 160, 187, 258,
304, 306, 344, 352, 368, 369, 376, 3, 14, 29,
5, 216, 7, 107, 133, 134; method of catching,
5, 4, 8; bottle-nose, 4, 167, 168;
rock, 1, 111; speckled, 4, 167, 168. See
also Salmon trout.Trudeau, Gov.—, land grants, 5, 392.
Trudeau (Troodo),—, fur-trader, 1, 142,
6, 254.Tsinuk Indians. See Chinook.
Tsuga heterophylla; T. mertensiana. See
Firs.Tsuga pattoniana. See Pines.
Tumors, expedition suffers from, 1, 82, 86,
89, 91.Tunnachemootoolt, Indian chief, relations
with expedition, 5, 6, 14, 15, 17, 19, 21,
33, 34, 36, 38, 40, 93.Turkeys, habitat, 1, 54, 64, 90, 95, 100, 140,
5, 362, 363, 381, 384, 388, 6, 122, 131, 227,
7, 13, 37, 45, 311; food, 1, 150; killed,
1, 143, 178; white; described, 6, 131,
identified, 1, 176; Indians admire, 5,
373; buzzards, habitat, 3, 172, 174, 257,
259, 4, 260, 276, 5, 133, 384, 6, 192, 7, 183.Turner, Judge—, Dequette with, 1, 18.
Turtledoves, on Missouri, 2, 130, 227, 4,
132, 134, 6, 190; nests, 6, 221.Turtle Hill, Indians near, 1, 248.
—Heights, trade at, 1, 6.
Turtles, soft-shelled, habitat, 2, 79, 83, 5,
307; Indian traditions concerning, 1, 197.Indians, Shoshonean tribe, 2, 345.
Tushepaw (Tussapa, Tutseewas). See
Flatheads.Tuttle, Ebenezer, in Warvington's
1, 31.Twin Bridges (), landmarks of, 2, 321.
Twisted Hair, Nez chief, lodge of,
3, 86, 87: Clark meets, 3, 81, 82, 84; relations
with expedition, 4, 364, 366, 5, 5–
7, 9–13, 16, 18, 20, 21, 25–28, 95, 97, 110,
113; cares for horses, 3, 94, 4, 355, 356;
presents for, 3, 86; draws map, 3, 85;
characterized, 3, 82; brother acts as
guide, 4, 367, 369.Typha . See Cat-tail.
. See Martins.
. See .
Ulken. See Eulachon.
Ulloa, Antonio de, Spanish governor, 5,
392.Ulseah Indians, habitat, 6, 117; numbers,
6, 117.. See Kowse.
Union County (S. Dak.), expedition in, 1,
117.United States, boundaries, 1, , 6, 51;
secures Louisiana, 1, xxx-xxxii, 37, 5,
285, 6, 52, 53, 7, 228, 229, 253, 258, 263,
267, 278, 279; relations with England
and Spain, 5, 375, 376; Indians, 4, 181–
183, 5, 393, 6, 52, 7, 369–388; army, 5,
387, 393; mail, 5, 394; Bureau of Ethnology,
Report, 1, 130, 133, 176, 190, 205,
208, 225, 2, 345, 346, 3, 27, 166, 201;
coast survey chart, 3, 232; Commissioner
of Agriculture, Report, 3, 13, 78, 4, 354,
5, 328; Department of Agriculture, 5, 97,
380; Chief of Engineers, Report, 4, 264;
Geological Survey, Bulletins 1, lxxxviii,
2, 120; , 3, , 289; Report,
1, 41, 3, 65, 275; Land Office maps, 5,
190; National Museum, 1, 106; Report,
3, 21; War Department; right to
Journals, 1, xlvii, xlviii, 7, 395, 396, 400,
401, 403; records burned, 6, 80; to publish
maps, 1, 244, 7, 397; Library owns
editions, 1, ., See Black Buffalo.
, Wats. See Nettle.
; U ; U.
or . See Bears.Ure () Indians, tribe, 2,
345.Vaccine, Lewis carries, 7, 250, 278.
; V.;
V. . See ., Gray. See Whortle-berries.
, Gray.
See .Valle, Jean (Jon Vallie), fur-trader, expedition
meets, 1, 175–177.Vancouver, George, explores Northwest
coast, 3, 193, 198, 206, 222, 226, 7, 225;
mountains laid down by, 3, 135; Broughton
with, 7, .Vancouver (Wash.), originally Fort Vancouver,
4, 219; at, 7, 258.Vaughan, Dr. John, secretary of American
Philosophical Society, 1, xlviii, 7, 405,
407, 408; in Western exploration,
7, 205; notes on Lewis herbarium, 6,
151–157; letter from Jefferson, 7, 400;
sketch, 7, 400., Alt. See .
de la, French explorer,
1, xvii, xviii; establishes Fort la
, 6, 268, 269., priced by Indians, 2, 339, 340;
article of trade, 5, 25, 52, 53; lost, 5,
95, 97.(Burlington), 7, 348.
. See .
; V. See Arrow
wood.See Pea.
blanket, Jefferson wishes, 7, 217,
224.(Ind.), character of country, 7,
314; Clark 1, xxviii; G. K. Clark, 1,
xxvii; Harrison, 5, 394; Lewis, 7, 337.(), habitat, 6, 213; dogtooth
(), habitat,
5, 137, 139, 6, 172, 173, 213, 220.Virginia, 5, 136; hot springs, 5, 170,
529172; plants, 4, 59, 107, 109; trees, 4, 47,
48, 55, 56; animals, 4, 74, 76, 132, 133,
250, 252; fodder houses, 4, 359; University,
3, 130.Vitis riparia. See Grapes.
Vitriol, oil of, given to Sacajawea, 2, 169;
white, in eye-water, 2, 22.Vivaldi, Canon de, owns Whitehouse
journal, 1, lv, lvi.Voit (Voigt),—, Philadelphia watchmaker,
7, 221, 225.Volcano, reputed one on Missouri, 1, 147.
Volney, Comte de (Constantin François de
Chassebœuf), letter from Jefferson, 7,
327; sketch, 7, 327.Voorhis, Eleanor Glasgow, joint owner of
Clark MSS., 1, li, 4, 7, 226, 254, 259,
263, 266, 268, 272, 280, 283, 288, 294, 299,
303, 313, 329, 338, 343, 351, 360, 361, 363.Voorhis, Mrs. Julia Clark, joint owner of
Clark MSS., 1, li, 4, 7,
226, 254, 259, 263,
266, 268, 272, 280, 283, 288, 294, 299, 303,
313, 329, 338, 343, 351, 360, 361, 363.Vulpes velox. See Foxes.
Vultures (Pseudogryphus, or Cathartes californianus),
described, 4, 79–83; habitat,
3, 233, 4, 79, 81, 133, 134, 211, 213, 246,
251, 6, 199, 200; drawing of head, 4, 80.Wabash Indians, Hardin among, 1, xxviii.
Wabbissapin. See Nelumbo lutea
Wackheendotar, Sioux chief, 6, 99.
Wahclellah Indians, Shahala tribe, habitat,
4, 258, 259, 6, 67, 68, 116; language, 4,
273, 275; houses, 4, 269; burial grounds,
4, 270; thievery of, 4, 266, 271; traders
among, 4, 268, 272; expedition, 4, 261,
267, 268, 271, 272.Wahhowpum Indians, identified, 4, 317;
habitat, 4, 317, 318, 6, 66, 115; numbers,
6, 115; language, 4, 317, 319; houses,
4, 317, 318; dress, 4, 317, 319; dances,
4, 317, 319; sell horses, 4, 319; expedition
among, 4, 317–319. See also Klikitat.Wahkiacum Tsinuk, Skemahkweup chief,
4, 196.Wahkiakum County (Wash.), expedition
in, 3, 211, 217.Wahnaâchée Indians, habitat, 3, 184.
Wâhpácoota (Wahpatoota, People who
shoot at leaves) Indians, described, 6,
94, 95; habitat, 1, 133, 6, 94, 95, 99;
numbers, 6, 94; fur-trade, 6, 94.Wahpahzinggar, Sioux chief, 6, 99.
Wahpatone (Leaf Nation), Sioux tribe,
described, 6, 93, 94; habitat, 1, 133, 6,
99; numbers, 1, 133; fur-trade, 6, 96.Wahtarpa, Sioux chief, 6, 99.
Waiilatpuans, Cayuse tribe, 5, 117.
Wallawalla (Wallahwollah, Wallarwallar,
Wallowwallow) Indians, Shahaptian
tribe, 4, 331; habitat, 4, 323, 326, 337,
329, 336, 337, 339, 6, 66, 115; origin, 4,
328; numbers, 4, 328, 330, 6, 115; characteristics,
4, 345, 347; mat lodges, 6,
66; dress, 4, 337, 339; hair, 4, 337, 339;
ornaments, 4, 337, 339; food, 4, 328,
330; fishermen, 4, 337, 339; dances, 4,
332, 334, 337, 339; allies of Cayuse, 5,
117; Shoshoni, 5, 158; Yelleppit chief,
4, 328, 329; expedition meets, 3, 132–
134, 4, 324, 328–331, 333, 337, 339, 341,
343, 349, 350, 352, 353; presents exchanged,
4, 324, 336, 339; honesty of, 4,
341, 343, 345, 347.Wallalle, Cathlamet chief, expedition
meets, 4, 203, 204.Wallula (Wash.), location, 4, 328; formerly
Fort Wallawalla, 4, 335; expedition at,
4, 341.Wallawaltz Indians. See Wahhowpum.
Walnut trees, location, 1, 39, 54, 82, 88,
95, 5, 380, 384, 7, 8; black, 5, 376, 6,
140.Walworth County (S. Dak.), expedition in,
1, 181.Wampum (Dentalium), less esteemed than
beads, 3, 353, 354; used in council, 3,
127, 130; as ornament, 3, 144, 4, 187,
191, 5, 30–32; as present, 1, 102, 129,
211, 212, 277, 286, 3, 132–134, 288; in
trade, 4, 229, 232, 305, 307; blue, 5, 25,
27; white, 5, 113.Wanasarwer Indians, habitat, 7, 305.
Wanneewackataonelar Indians, Sioux tribe,
6, 99.Wappato Indians, habitat, 6, 116; numbers,
6, 116; different tribes, 6, 116, 117.Wappato (Wappetoo; Sagittaria latifolia),
described, 3, 194, 196, 197, 220, 240, 244,
4, 7, 10; habitat, 3, 202, 295, 4, 215, 218,
223, 225, 247, 255; scarce, 3, 240; swans
eat, 4, 216; gathered by Indians, 4, 236,
6, 71; method of gathering, 4, 217, 218,
chief article of food, 3, 208, 240, 242,
250, 252, 302, 305, 4, 123, 125, 131, 133,
155, 157, 7, 187; value, 4, 215; price
high, 3, 279, 4, 254; purchased, 3, 197,
203, 204, 206–209, 243, 244, 250, 252, 264;
265, 294, 296, 299, 300, 325, 332, 335, 4,
198, 199, 217, 259, 260, 262; as present,
3, 194, 196, 229, 237, 238, 240, 293, 296,
4, 203, 204; exchanged for fish hooks,
4, 221; for bear cubs, 4, 246, 247; for
530repairing gun, 3, 300, 301; in trade, 3,
208, 224, 226, 228, 243, 244, 265, 278, 4,
95, 97, 200, 202, 215.Wappato Valley, name for Columbian, 3,
202.Warbosendatta, Sioux chief, 6, 99.
Warcahto, Sioux chief, 6, 99.
Warchapa. See On his Guard.
Warchinktarhe Indians, Sioux tribe, 6,
99.Ware's Valley Monthly, 1, lxxxviii.
Warhazingga, Sioux chief, 6, 99.
Warholott, Clatsop chief, 3, 294.
Warkiacum (, Wackiacum,
Wahkiacum, Waukiacum) Indians, habitat,
3, 206, 208–210, 217, 252, 295, 342.
4, 45, 155, 156, 206, 208, 6, 68–70, 117;
numbers, 6, 117; language, 3, 206, 208,
4, 45; physical characteristics, 3, 209, 297,
300, 4, 183–185, 188, 189; houses, 3, ;
canoes, 4, 31, 35; dress, 3, 206–209, 297,
4, 25, 185, 189, 190, 6, 68; ornaments, 4,
187, 191; , 4, , ; occupations,
4, 187, 188, 191, 192; traders, 3,
294, 297, 4, 202, 203, 205, 206, 208; expedition
near, 4, 199, 200; steal from
expedition, 3, 221, 222; come to sell
roots, 3, 224, 226; visit Fort Clatsop, 3,
293, 296–300; leave reluctantly, 3, 298,
299.Warmindeopeiadootar, Sioux chief, 6, 99.
Warren County (Mo.), expedition in, 5,
390.Wars: French and Indian (1754–63), Braddock
in, 5, 394; Revolutionary (1775–
82), Hunt in, 5, 393; Northwest Indians
(1783–95), Hunt, 5, 393; St.
Clair, 5, 394; Wayne, 5, 373, 393, 394;
of 1812–15, causes, 5, 375; Aird in, 5,
374: Clark and Dickson, 5, 374; Fort
Bellefontaine, 5, 392; Black Hawk
(1832). Dickson, in, 5, 243; Custer massacre
(1876), 5, 297, 307; Nez Perce
(1877), 5, 251, 289.Warsarshaco. See Brave Man.
Wartoocbeworkkoo Indians, habitat, 7, 305.
Warvington (Warfington, Worbington),
Richard, with expedition, 1, 11, 14; mess
of 1, 31; exempt from guard duty, 1, 33;
visits Spirit Mound, 1, 121; sent with
dispatches, 1, 283; services to expedition,
7, 355, 356; Lewis , 1, 283;
pay, 7, 360, 361.Warzingoo, Teton Indian, meets expedition,
1, 164.Wasco Indians. See Neerchokioo.
Washburn (N. Dak.), Indian villages on
site, 1, 204.Washington,—, trader on Northwest coast,
3, 306, 307, 4, 178.—, George, presidency of, 5, 16; likeness
on medal, 2, 363; subscriber to Michaux
expedition, 7, 205.—, H. A. (ed.), Jefferson's Writings, 1,
lxii.—, elders in, 4, 50; mountains, 4, 336;
Indian reservations, 3, 27; expedition,
3, 129; governor of territory, 3, 104;
overland route, 4, 341.—, (D. C.), chief visits, 5, 383;
Nez , 5, 132; Sioux, 5, 176, 179, 281–
283; , 5, 383; Peters, 5, 393.—, County (Nebr.), expedition in, 1, 98.
Wasps (), described, 5, 87.
89, 90; habitat, 5, 87, 89; sting horses,
7, 160.Watap (Watapeh, Waytape), used for making
hats, 4, 84, 86.Water- (), habitat,
2, 186.Watertown (Mass), Hunt in, 5, 393.
Wattasoon (Watersoon, ,
Wetersoon) Indians. See Ahnahaway.
. See Island: Kickapoo.Waudepon. See River: Stone.
(Warkerassa; Red Shield),
Minitaree chief, meets expedition, 1, 213,
216., Missouri chief, meets expedition,
1, 98.Way, A. & G., publishers, 6, 81.
Wayne, Gen. Anthony, Clark with, 1, xxvii,
xxviii; Lewis, 1, xxv; in Northwest
campaign, 5, 373, 393, 394, 7, 379.(Ind.), Bratton's
at, 1, 117.(Wearrugenor). See Little
Thief.(, Wearkoomt),
chief, meets expedition, 4,
351–353; accompanies it, 4, 355, 357,
360, 362, 364, 366, 367, 369; exchanges
horses, 4, 363, 365.Weasel, white, , 1, 218, 7, 327;
called , 2, 379; sent , 1,
281.(N. J.), Hamilton in, 5, 375.
; the villagers on this
side) Indians, habitat, 1, 190; language,
1, 190.Meadow, location, 3, 72; Hungry
rises , 3, 72.Wellsburg (W. Va.), McKeehan at, 1,
xxxvi; Herald, 1, lxxvi.Welsh, Western Indians said to resemble,
7, 150, 151, 292.Wentworth, John, "Fort Dearborn," 2,
244.Weocksock Indians. See Willacum.
Werner (Warner), William, with expedi
tion, 1, 11–13, 284, 287, 7, 30, 358; disciplined,
1, 19–21; in Ordway's mess, 1,
30; in charge of supplies, 1, 71, 72;
messenger to Indians, 1, 109; on court
martial, 1, 192; vote on wintering place,
3, 247; strains knee, 3, 277; salt maker,
3, 320, 4, 7, 8, 18, 20; trader, 4, 297,
300; with Lewis, 5, 176, 203; searches
for horses, 5, 200; at Missouri portage,
5, 332; creek named for, 5, 190; pay, 7,
360, 361.West Point, Custer buried at, 5, 297.
Wetabato Indians, numbers, 7, 316.
Wetepahatoes Indians, habitat, 6, 108;
trade with Mandan, 6, 90; property
rights, 6, 102.Wetheà. See Hospitality.
Weucha. See Shake Hand.
Wevill, Richard, makes tents, 7, 245.
Weyland, Philipp Christoph, translates
Gass Journal, 1, lxxiv, lxxv.Whales, described, 3, 312–314; identified,
3, 324; size, 3, 324, 333; foundered on
sea-coast, 3, 293, 296, 308–310, 312–314,
320, 323, 332; Clark visits, 3, 324, 325,
332; method of killing, 4, 160, 161;
parts obtained, 3, 321, 325, 329, 333;
eaten, 4, 12, 13, 161; blubber for sale, 3,
308–310; prepared, 3, 324, 325, 333; as
food, 4, 21, 23, 161; prized, 3, 325, 333;
oil as food, 4, 161; trade in, 4, 169;
trade in bones, 4, 161, 169; backbone
seen, 3, 234, 236.Wheeler, Olin D., aid acknowledged, 1,
lix; notes by, 1, 201, 293, 308, 2, 195,
242, 251, 252, 256, 263, 267, 269, 274, 276,
304, 305, 321, 326, 335, 3, 12, 53, 56, 64,
69, 72, 74, 77, 83, 87, 101, 104, 135, 139,
148, 159, 170, 227, 233, 5, 14, 33, 135, 162,
164, 167, 214; Trail of Lewis and Clark,
1, xxxviii, lix, xciii, 117, 129, 3, 289, 5,
18, 41, 57, 223, 262, 276, 293, 341, 7, 254,
344; Wonderland, 1, 219, 3, 53, 94, 221,
230, 242.Wheeling (W. Va.), Lewis at, 1, xxv.
Wheelpo Indians, habitat, 6, 119; numbers,
6, 119.Wheels, made for boat carriage, 2, 163,
165, 166, 169, 178, 185, 187, 188, 193, 196,
201, 202, 7, 102, 103, 106; cottonwood
used, 2, 180, 181; willow used, 2, 180;
cached at falls, 2, 220, 221.Whelan, Israel, furnishes supplies, 7, 231,
238, 242–245.Whelply, David, accompanies Pike, 1,
lxxxvii.Whetstones, location, 5, 216, 266, 272, 273,
296.Whins, plant resembles, 3, 123, 125.
Whippoorwills (Phalænoptilus nuttalli), described,
6, 132; habitat, 1, 197, 2, 200,
5, 234, 6, 122, 174, 229.Whiskey, present to Indians, 1, 26, 98, 114,
133, 164, 5, 378, 381, 384, 387; to men,
1, 67, 174, 180; purchased, 5, 378; price,
5, 390.Whiskey Rebellion, Lewis in, 1, xxiv, xxv.
White, Isaac, in Warvington's mess, 1,
31.—, William, subscriber to Michaux expedition,
7, 205.—apple (pomme blanche; Psoralea
esculenta), described, 2, 10–13; Indians
eat, 1, 73, 2, 11, 29, 172; methods of
cooking, 2, 11, 12.—Bear Cliff, origin of name, l, 134.
—Buffalo Robe Unfolded. See Tatuckcopinreha.
—Cliffs, on Yellowstone River, 6, 75.
—Crane (Mahtoree), Sioux chief, meets
expedition, 1, 131.—House (Shon Gusscàn), Oto chief,
meets expedition, 1, 98.—pudding (boudin blanc, poudingue),
method of making, 2, 15, 16; expedition
fond of, 2, 74, 207, 266.—Salmon (Wash.), expedition at, 4, 281.
—Wolf, Minitaree chief, visits expedition,
1, 277.Whitehall (Mont.), location, 2, 301.
Whitehouse, Joseph, with expedition, 1,
lv, 11–13, 284, 287, 7, 3, 30, 358; on
court martial, 1, 19, 20; in Pryor's mess,
1, 30; feet frozen, 1, 248, 7, 74, 75;
strikes Indian, 1, 272; explores cave, 7,
32; hunter, 4, 72, 75, 83, 7, 59, 94; encamps
alone, 3, 287, 7, 76; explores
upper Missouri, 7, 93, 94; dresses skins,
7, 95; sick, 2, 189, 191, 7, 100, 108;
injured, 2, 315, 316, 7, 129; bitten by
rattlesnake, 7, 113; assists Lewis, 2, 192,
200, 202, 7, 108; vote on wintering
place, 3, 247; gives Christmas present,
3, 290; makes clothing, 7, 140; bled, 7,
108; foot cut, 7, 120; messenger, 7, 119;
loses tomahawk, 7, 125; buys robe, 4,
53286; accompanies Clark, 4, 236; sent for
meat, 5, 46, 47; to trade, 5, 114, 115,
155, 156; loses horse, 5, 120, 122, 124,
128, 132; creek named for, 2, 263; land
warrant, 7, 343; pay, 7, 360, 361;
journal, 1, xxxiv, 7, 27–190; history of,
1, lv, lvi; described, 7, 29, 31.Whitman County (Wash.), expedition in,
3, 108.Whitney,—, to repair sextant, 7, 225.
Whortieberry (Vaccinium occidentale, Gray),
habitat, 5, 168, 169.Wild cattle, French term for buffalo, 1,
246.Wildcats, habitat, 6, 225; steal deer, 3,
270; skins in Indian robes, 3, 168, 171,
242; in trade, 3, 328, 345; coat made
from, 3, 346, 348.Wilderness Road, Lewis on, 7, 349.
Wilkes, Charles, Narrative, 5, 117.
Wilkinson, Gen. James, governor of Louisiana
Territory, 5, 375; erects trading post,
5, 392; signs fur-trade licenses, 5, 386;
speech to Indians, 5, 387; in St. Louis,
5, 378; descends Mississippi, 5, 381;
wife ill, 5, 393.Wilkinson, James D., son of James, accompanies
Pike's expedition, 5, 381.Willacum (Weocksock) Indians, habitat, 4,
280, 282; language, 4, 280, 282; characteristics,
4, 280, 282; expedition meets, 4,
280, 282.Willamette Slough, expedition passes, 3,
201.Willard, Alexander, with expedition, 1, 11–
13, 284, 287, 7, 3, 30, 358; sent by land,
1, 28; in Pryor's mess, 1, 30; court
martialed, 1, 76; encounter with bear, 2,
171, 7, 104; loses tomahawk, 7, 46;
hunter, 2, 179, 3, 359, 4, 12, 26, 28, 5, 37,
40, 95, 97, 133, 136, 233, 234, 259, 363,
364; loses horse, 3, 71, 4, 301, 7, 158;
attempts canoe-voyage, 3, 218, 219; explores,
3, 222, 224, 225; Indians steal
from, 3, 224, 225; vote on wintering
place, 3, 247; salt-maker, 3, 291, 293,
302, 307–310, 312–314; dries meat, 4,
27, 29; accident, 4, 57, 58, 5, 234, 368;
illness, 4, 91, 92, 94, 95, 97, 105–107, 114,
115, 145, 193–195, 199, 218; messenger,
4, 290, 292, 293; trader, 5, 53, 54, 90,
92; in search of horses, 5, 12, 13; sent
with horses, 5, 228; joins Lewis, 5, 228;
overtakes Clark, 5, 258; discovers creek,
6, 63; creek named for, 2, 352; land
warrant, 7, 343; pay, 1, 139, 7, 360, 361.Willetpos (Yeletpos) Indians, Nez Percé
tribe, 6, 115; expedition meets, 5, 117,
118.Willewah Indians, Nez Percé tribe, 6, 115.
"William and Ann," wreck of, 4, 138.Willows, location, 1, 42, 43, 77, 95, 100,
105–108, 116, 118, 134, 174, 177, 182, 182, 200,
291, 293, 299, 311, 337, 338, 341, 347, 357,
367, 2, 92, 98, 99, 116, 169, 208, 258, 267,
268, 306, 313, 320, 322, 326, 343, 358, 3,
140, 204, 205, 4, 201, 203, 210, 212, 322,
351, 352, 5, 218, 265, 268, 274, 302, 315,
359, 384, 6, 27, 7, 115, 116, 120, 124, 128,
129, 131, 135, 173, 183; used for fuel, 3,
129, 131, 142, 4, 324, 325; for basketry,
3, 19; canoes, 2, 180, 185, 189, 202;
lodges, 2, 300; poles of, 5, 52; game
feed on, 1, 261, 315, 338, 363, 2, 10, 25,
352, 4, 121, 123, 5, 318; different varieties,
1, 74, 2, 57, 64, 66, 179, 247, 260, 262,
265.Broad-leafed (Salix amygdaloides): described,
6, 146; identified, 3, , 6, 142,
158; location, 3, 107, 110, 116, 6, 188; lodges
made of, 3, 112; fuel, 3, 120; in Lewis
herbarium, 6, 154.Grey: location, 6, 213.
Narrow-leafed (Salis longifolia): described,
6, 145, 146; identified, 6, 142,
158; location, 2, 303, 333, 5, 181, 209, 6,
213; in Lewis herbarium, 6, 154.Red: location, 2, 239, 4, 200–202, 274,
342, 343, 5, 108, 109; bark used in tobacco,
4, 203, 205.Sweet, location, 2, 179, 221, 260, 4, 207,
209, 218, 234, 247, 274, 276, 342, 343, 5,
108, 109, 245, 6, 213, 214.Willow City (Mont.), expedition near site,
2, 271.Wilson, Lieut.—, Jefferson mentions, 7,
217.Wilson, Alexander, ornithologist, names
specimens, 5, 112, 6, 121, 7, 421; American
Ornithology, 6, 121.Winataras (Winetaries) Indians. See
Minitaree.Windsor (Winser, Winsor), Richard, with
expedition, 1, 11–13, 284, 287, 7, 26, 30,
358; on court martial, 1, 19, 20; in
Floyd's mess, 1, 30; with Lewis, 2, 117,
122, 125; accident, 2, 127, 128, 5, 137,
139, 177; hunter, 4, 81, 83, 84, 86; in quest
of bear, 4, 243, 244; captures bear cubs,
4, 246, 247; finds horse, 4, 309; visits
Indians, 5, 54, 56; hunts for horses, 5,
280; with Pryor, 5, 281, 286, 289; adventure
with wolf, 5, 326; with Clark, 5, 259,
533325; creek named for, 2, 80; land warrant,
7, 343; pay, 7, 360, 361.Winn, Thomas M., Floyd mentions, 7, 3.
Winship Brothers, fur-traders, 4, 204.
Winsor, Justin, Narrative and Critical
History of America, 1, lxi.Wintergreen, location, 3, 274.
Wisconsin, Indians in, 5, 374; Aird, 5,
374; Historical Society (Madison), manuscript
collections, 1, xx, xxviii, xxix, 27,
47, 7, 193, 198, 199, 317, 338, 362, 390;
owns Floyd's journal, 1, lv, 7, 3; editions
in library, 1, lxii; Collections, 1,
133, 2, 341, 5, 243, 374.Wiser (Weiser), Peter, with expedition, 1,
11–13, 284, 287, 7, 30, 358; disciplined,
1, 10; in Pryor's mess, 1, 30; cook, 1,
108; illness, 3, 28, 37, 38, 5, 38, 40, 228,
7, 141; seasick, 3, 211; with Clark, 3,
229–238, 4, 236; vote on wintering place,
3, 247; salt maker, 3, 291, 293, 302, 307,
308, 312–314, 4, 59, 60; brings in meat, 4,
49, 50, 5, 36; hunter, 4, 54, 55, 57, 58, 243,
244; fisherman, 4, 125, 5, 99, 102; messenger,
4, 292, 293, 5, 156–159; trader,
5, 48, 49; accident, 5, 368; pay, 7, 360,
361.Wistar, Dr. Caspar, member of American
Philosophical Society, 7, 405; owns elephant's
teeth, 7, 276; interest in Western
exploration, 7, 204, 218, 281; instructions
submitted to, 7, 224; letter from Jefferson,
1, xxvi, 7, 212.Wockkeachaukindishkah, Sioux chief, 6,
99.Wolf Indians. See Pawnee.
Wolf Man. See Arrattanamockshe.
Wolfe, Gen. James, English officer, 1, xvii.
Wolpards,—, specimens sent to, 6, 279,
280.Wolverene (Carcajou; Gulo luscus), described,
2, 334; habitat, 2, 158; resembles
wolf, 2, 158, 334; skins in fur-trade,
6, 105, 107–111.Wolves, described, 1, 155, 371; habitat, 1,
62, 69, 87, 148, 149, 153, 199, 317, 319, 329,
333, 334, 343, 351, 353, 356, 371, 373, 2,
12, 13, 33, 94, 113, 121–123, 125, 143, 317,
3, 159, 4, 327, 5, 196–198, 201, 202, 208,
210, 211, 217, 219, 233, 235, 260, 279, 290,
293, 316, 349, 363, 382, 7, 108, 158; wolverene
resembles, 2, 158, 334; gentle, 2,
94, 95; follow buffaloes, 1, 201, 235, 259,
260, 335, 345, 370, 2, 153, 167, 169, 172,
5, 206, 279; hunt antelope, 1, 351, 354;
deer, 1, 265; ibex, 2, 243, 5, 256; food,
1, 150, 372; methods of hunting, 2, 373,
3, 159, 347, 349; expedition kills, 1, 155,
244, 245, 2, 37, 94, 96, 212–215, 5, 201, 6,
62, 7, 38–40, 111, 160, 165; destroy meat
supply, 2, 180, 181; in Clark's camp, 5,
280; attack Pryor's party, 5, 326; skins
in fur-trade, 1, 132, 306, 310, 5, 222, 334,
6, 85, 87, 89, 90, 93, 96, 97, 100, 104, 105;
bags of, 2, 214, 215; quivers, 3, 347, 349;
robes, 3, 10, 168, 171; skeleton sent Jefferson,
1, 281; different varieties, 1, 371;
black, 6, 122; brindle, 6, 122; burrowing,
6, 122; large brown, 4, 73, 75, 90, 92, 94;
large (of plains), 4, 73, 75, 90, 94; prairie:
habitat, 1, 118, 180, 181; size, 7, 59;
barks like dog, 1, 108, 5, 382; small (of
plains), 4, 73, 75, 90, 94; white, 1, 159, 2,
33, 5, 197; yellow, 1, 85.Wood, Maria, river named for, 2, 130.
Woodchucks (marmot; Arctomysflaviventer,
A. monax), habitat, 4, 320, 324, 7, 327;
skins in Indian robes, 2, 377.Woodpeckers, habitat, 3, 15–17, 4, 198, 5,
43, 192, 6, 183, 187; food of, 3, 15, 17;
black (Asyndesmus torquatus), 2, 301, 302,
3, 76, 5, 176; lark (Colaptes mexicanus),
4, 132, 134, 5, 176; Lewis's (Asyndesmus
torquatus); described, 2, 252, 5, 70, 71,
73, 6, 121; pileated (log-cock; Ceophlœus
pileatus), habitat, 4, 132, 134, 5, 136;
red-headed, 3, 57, 5, 233, 6, 191, 222;
small-speckled, 4, 246, 5, 136.Wormwood, location, 1, 307.
Worrall (Worriss), Lieut.—, in Stoddard's
company, 1, 22, 23.Wrens, resemble fly-catchers, 4, 133; habitat,
1, 123, 2, 130, 3, 257, 259, 309, 310.Wright, Henrietta Christian, Children's
Stories of American Progress, 1, lxxxviii.—, Marcus J., "Sketch of Gov. Meriwether
Lewis," 1, lxxxviii.Wyachhick Indians. See Yehuh.
Wyoming, Indians in, 1, 210, 2, 345.
—(Pa.), Armstrong at, 7, 198.
Xanthium strumarium. See Cockle-burs.
Xerophyllum tenax, Nutt. See Bear-grass.
X Y Company, trade with Indians, 6, 90,
104, 105, 110; amalgamates with North
West, 1, 268, 7, 336; sketch, 1, 268.YAKIMA (Chymnappos) Indians, Shahaptian
tribe, 4, 305; habitat, 4, 331, 333;
amusements, 4, 332, 334.—, County (Wash.), Indians in, 4, 328.
Yakonan family, tribes of, 3, 341.
Yampah (Yearpah), Shoshoni name for
edible root, 3, 13, 41, 5, 46, 47.Yankton (Jonkta) Indians, Sioux tribe, described,
6, 95, 96; habitat, 1, 132, 177, ,
366, 6, 45, 95, 96, 7, ; numbers, 1,
132, 133, 5, 372, 6, 95, 96; different
tribes, 1, 133, 6, 95, 96, 99; lodges, 1,
167; allies, 6, 89, 93; trade with Sioux,
6, 45, 89, 95; war with , 1, ;
fur-trade, 6, 43, 95, 96, 7, 374; traders,
5, 329, 373, 378, 384; expedition among,
5, 371; to visit Washington, 5, 282,
383.Yankton (N. Dak.), expedition near site,
1, 127.Yeealpo Indians, habitat, 5, 113.
() Indians,
tribe, habitat, 4, 269, 272, 6,
67, 116; numbers, 4, 276; , 4,
269, 272; dress, 4, 269, 272;
, 4, 270; relations with expedition,
4, 274–276.. See Willetpos.
Yelleppit (Yellept, , Indian chief,
expedition , 3, 129–134, 4, 328–333;
presents exchanged, 3, 134, 4, 328, 329,
331, 333, 341, 343; for ,
4, 341, 343; , 4, 335,
337; characterized, 3, .(), described,
6, 142–144, 154; identiified, 6,
158 , 6, 143, 144, 154.—Rock, on , 6, 75.
—, on , 6, 76.
Yellowstone Park, in, 3, ;
springs, 2, 195; streams of, 5, 269,
; explored, 5, 341; on railway, 5, 262., Indian name for Captain
Lewis, 5, 180.(One Eye), Nez Percé
chief, 5, ; meaning of name, 5, 18;
meets expedition, 5, 19, 20.York, Clark's negro servant, with expedition,
1, xxxi, 12, 284, 287, 6, 63, 7, 30,
311, 319, 331; secures suppliies, 1, 40;
eye injured, 1, 53; feet, 1, 235;
, 1, 143, , 278, 290, 7, 105; interp,
1, 229; Indians, 1,
185, 186, , 209, 243, 2, 358, 363, 366;
injures tide, 2, 91; left at camp, 2, 180;
, 2, 214, 215, 3, 280, 287, 293, 5, 38, 40;
, 2, 254; with Clark, 2, 117,
122, 196–200, 244, 247, 3, 229–238, 4, 236,
5, 176, 299, 319, 7, 116; dances for Indians,
3, 161, 162; kills wild , 3, 227,
228; vote on place, 3, 247;
fisherman, 3, 263; left behiind, 3, 269,
270; trader, 5, 67, 72, 75, 77, 98, 101;
tobacco , 6, 224; strange ,
6, 209; , 1, 185., battle of, 5, 393.
() Indians, habitat, 3,
, 6, 117; numbers, 6, 117.(),—, trader on Northwest
, 3, 306, 307, 4, 178.Indians, habitat, 6, 117; nombers,
6, 117.Young, F. G., aid , 1, lix.
, See .
Indians, Sioux tribe, 6, 99.
, see
. See Rice, Wild.Zoology, notes on, 1, 280, 6, 121–136, 7,
274–278; specimens, 6, 121, 7, 322, 323.
See the several animals.
| Original journals of the Lewis and Clark Expedition, 1804-1806 | |