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Notes
The relevant published works by Helen Corke are listed here; those referred to in the text and notes are prefixed with title abbreviations.
- Neutral Ground (London: Arthur Barker, 1933, repr. 1966)
- "D. H. Lawrence as I knew Him", R&MS, 4 (1960), 5-13.
- D. H. Lawrence: The Croydon Years (Austin, University of Texas Press, 1965) reprints other works published separately.
- DW "The Dreaming Woman" (B.B.C. television interview with Malcolm Muggeridge in 1967). A full transcript of this interview is held in the Humanities Research Centre, Austin, Texas, to whom I am indebted for making a copy available to me.
- WT "The Writing of The Trespasser", DHLR, 7 (Fall 1974), 227-239.
- IOI In Our Infancy (Cambridge, C.U.P., 1975). An appendix contains the full text of The Freshwater Diary.
- The standard account remains
- IH Harry T. Moore, The Intelligent Heart (London, Heinemann, 1955), 81-87, 98, 107-111, 125-126.
- revised as
- PL The Priest of Love (London, Heinemann, 1975), 97-103, 116, 132-135 etc. This account is, of course, limited by the nature and scope of Moore's comprehensive work.
- EN Ed. Nehls, ed.: D. H. Lawrence: A Composite Biography, 3 vols. (Madison, The University of Wisconsin Press, 1957-1959).
- ED Emile Delavenay: D. H. Lawrence, The Man and His Work (London, Heinemann, 1972).
- ET D. H. Lawrence, A Personal Record by E. T. (Jessie Chambers) (London, Jonathan Cape, 1935).
- CL The Collected Letters of D. H. Lawrence, ed. Harry T. Moore, 2 vols. (London: Heinemann, 1962).
- HL The Letters of D. H. Lawrence, ed. Aldoux Huxley (London: William Heinemann Ltd., 1932).
- References to the novel itself are to
- T The Trespasser (London, Duckworth, 1912). This is Duckworth's first edition.
The Surbiton Times 13/8/09 and The Surrey Comet 14/8/09 reported the inquest on the death of Herbert Baldwin Macartney, the original of Siegmund. None of the London papers appear to have noticed the tragedy. It can scarcely have been the "journalistic sensation" claimed by Moore in IH 110, PL 134. Cf. T 265 where Helena buys "a local paper".
See IOI, 178; WT, 233; ET 181-182. In a letter to Pawling 27/4/10 (CL 62) Lawrence says: "I have written about half of another novel . . ." The 'half' I construe as a rough estimate only in view of what follows.
DW 5/5 states ". . . June 1910, the end of June, 1910 . . ." IOI, 184 states "early in July . . ."
Grace Lovat Fraser: In The Days of My Youth (1970), 147. See also p. 144 where Lawrence writes on 1/7/10 "I have just hanged my latest hero . . ." i.e. he has just completed Chapter 27.
These are most fully described in E. W. Tedlock, Jr., D. H. Lawrence Manuscripts, A Descriptive Bibliography (1948), 7-12. Hereafter EWT. I here record my gratitude to the Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley, for permission to consult their manuscripts of The Trespasser, for the excellent microfilms made available for my research, and for the generous co-operation of the staff in answering my queries.
The Manuscripts of D. H. Lawrence, A Descriptive Catalogue compiled by Lawrence Clark Powell (1937), 2. This catalogue accompanied an exhibition of Lawrence manuscripts in the Los Angeles Public Library. The discrepant details between Powell's catalogue and Tedlock's bibliography are discussed below.
I think it almost certainly is not; the hand is similar to that in the notes discussed in this paper and therefore Garnett's.
E.g. The pagination at each new gathering of the printed text is indicated, and the manuscript is marked in stints for each of seven named type-setters.
The discrepancy between 207, and the 182 actual leaves can be accounted for, in the light of the argument presented in this paper, by consulting the table. After the transfer of 296 leaves from B to A there should indeed be 207 remaining from the original 503; but the 25 lost leaves (1-12; 25-34; 55; 311-312) reduce the total to 182. However the secondary numeration in B arrives at its end figure of 207 quite coincidentally as follows. The original numeration runs to 115, of which 23 leaves are lost, and three have gone to A—a loss of 26 reduces 115 to 89. To this we must add the unrevised leaf 129, thus making 90. Add to this the 92 leaves from secondary numbers 116-207 (recalling that 311-312 are lost and so not renumbered) and the 182 total of existing leaves is the result.
Confirmed in a letter from David Garnett to the author 28/6/77. Other notes in the same hand appear on the back of leaves A238, A260, A272, A365, B216 (165) and B228 (177).
Tedlock (EWT 7) significantly misreads the word as 'Bravios', which is meaningless. Presumably he checked with A272 and, of course, found nothing. The passage on B272 reads: "Her life of life she gave to Bromios, in mystic ritual. She had confused, for long enough, Siegmund with Bromios, her man with her God, as women will, until she had cried aloud to Bromios and Siegmund and failed to answer, when she repulsed him." Cf. Euripides The Bacchae, trans. Gilbert Murray (1904) pages 10-11, etc. I wish to thank Laurence Pollinger and the Estate of the late Frieda Lawrence for permission to quote from The Trespasser manuscripts.
However, we have already noted that leaves A477-84 were misplaced at the time of Powell's count in 1937.
A's page 55 & 56 contains only the concluding half of what must have been B55. It is likely that Lawrence intended to use B55 in A by cancelling the material he had already re-written into A54 and finally decided it was preferable to complete a re-writing, and so he discarded B55.
Lawrence appears to have worked very economically. That he probably could not afford to waste paper may account for the state of some leaves, especially in the latter half of A, which went to the printer with numerous deletions and interlinear revisions. The leaf numbered 55 & 56 in A contains the text on the verso of a discarded recto numbered 43. Lawrence had written 8 lines on this new page 43 in course of re-writing B43, but appears to have found it unsatisfactorily close to B. (The problem was the behaviour of Helena and Siegmund as they alight from the train at Freshwater.) He set aside this leaf and began again on the present leaf A43. The interim 43 was not discarded; its verso was used for A55. This, however, is the only surviving evidence of such economy.
This is suggested independently in a letter to me from the Head of the Manuscripts Division of The Bancroft Library (February 10th 1977).
The effect of house-style on the spelling and other accidentals of the printed text can be shown. On this and other points I am indebted to Elizabeth Mansfield, the editor of the forthcoming edition of The Trespasser for C.U.P. Her criticism of an earlier form of this paper was generous and constructive.
Since Siegmund was her name for Macartney and Sieglinde was his name for her, Lawrence may have first adopted Sieglinde as fitting for his 'Saga' and altered it as he became more objective towards the novel, and more involved himself with Helen Corke. See below. The letters of Jessie Chambers to Helen Corke are in the D. H. Lawrence Collection in the Library of the University of Nottingham, to whom I am indebted for permission to consult them.
Letter, Nov. 2, 1976. As stated earlier, it is possible that Miss Corke had never in fact seen the conclusion of the novel in manuscript.
Siegmund and Helena's landlady on the Isle of Wight, named Mrs. Curtiss in T, was variously Mrs. Thorn, Mrs. Gunn and Mrs. Brinton during stages of composition. Siegmund's children, Vera, Frank and Marjorie in T are Maud, William and Millicent in manuscript—the latter is also Minna. Readers of T will notice a strange 'Irene' who appears once only, at the close of Chapter II, and an 'Elsa' has been deleted from the story in manuscript. Beatrice MacNair was formerly Mrs. Fitzpatrick in manuscript, and 'Alice', is twice deleted in favour of Beatrice. Miss Corke informs me that Alice was the actual name of Mrs. Macartney. A full discussion of this problem on names and its bearing on the composition of the novel is forthcoming.
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