 | University of Virginia |  |
Academic Department.
| WILLIAM E. PETERS, LL. D., | Professor of Latin. |
| MILTON W. HUMPHREYS, M. A., Ph. D., LL. D., | Professor of Greek. |
| JAMES A. HARRISON, L. H. D., LL. D., | |
| Professor of Teutonic Languages. | |
| RICHARD H. WILSON, M.A., Ph. D., | Professor of Romance Languages. |
| CHARLES W. KENT, M. A., Ph. D., | Professor of English Literature. |
| R. HEALTH DABNEY, M. A., Ph. D., | |
| Professor of Historical and Economical Science. | |
| NOAH K. DAVIS, M. A., Ph. D., LL. D., | Professor of Moral philosophy. |
| WILLIAM H. ECHOLS, B. S., C. E., | Professor of Mathematics. |
| JAMES M. PAGE, A. M., Ph. D., | Associate Professor of Mathematics. |
| WILLIAM M. THORNTON, LL. D., | Professor of Applied Mathematics. |
| ORMOND STONE, M. A., | Professor of Practical Astronomy. |
| FRANCIS H. SMITH, M. A., LL. D., | Professor of Natural Philosophy. |
| JOHN W. MALLET, M. D., Ph. D., LL. D., F. R. S., | |
| Professor of Chemistry. | |
| FRANCIS P. DUNNINGTON, B. S., | Professor of Analytical Chemistry. |
| WILLIAM M. FONTAINE, M. A., | |
| Professor of Natural History and Geology. | |
| ALBERT H. TUTTLE, M. S., | Professor of Biology. |
| WILLIAM J. HUMPHREYS, B. A., C. E., Ph. D., | |
| Assistant Instructor in Physics. | |
| C. CHRISTOPHER WRIGHT, | Assistant Instructor in Latin. |
| CHARLES A. YOUNG, Ph. B., | Assistant Instructor in Hebrew. |
| W. H. STUART, | Licentiate in Greek. |
| T. B. McCARTNEY, JR., A. B., | Licentiate in Latin. |
| J. E. WILLIAMS, A. B., Ph. D., | Licentiate in Mathematics. |
| J. ADAIR LYON, M. A., | Assistant in Physics. |
| W. WALTER DINWIDDIE, | Assistant in Physics. |
| CHARLES R. THURMAN, | Assistant in Rouss Laboratory. |
The Academic Department is composed of the Schools of Languages,
Literature, History, Philosophy, and the Sciences. Each of the included
schools offers one or more undergraduate courses of instruction, comprising
the work required of students who elect the course in question
as one of the requisites for the degree of Bachelor of Arts. These are
followed in each School by graduate courses, the completion of any one
of which, together with that of the undergraduate course preceding it,
A certain number of these graduations is required of Bachelors
of Arts who proceed to the degree of Master of Arts. Subsequent work
of a still more advanced and specialized character is offered in the
various Schools of the Department as preliminary to the degree of
Doctor of Philosophy. A detailed account of the courses and equipment
of the Schools is given, followed by a specific statement of the
requirements for academic degrees.
SCHOOL OF LATIN.
Professor Peters,
Mr. Wright.
B. A. COURSE.
A. First Year.—A student who is able to translate Cæsar or Vergil,
and has a proper acquaintance with the Forms, is prepared to enter
this course, which begins with Sallust or a writer of like difficulty.
Systematic attention is given to the study of the Forms. The syntactical
work is the study of the Case-relations, the exact force of the
Tenses, and a consecutive outline of the connections in which the
Subjunctive Mood is required. Principles and facts explained are
applied by frequent exercises in Latin Composition. The reading is
confined to selected portions of Sallust, Ovid, Curtius, and Vergil. A
limited amount from each author is prescribed for private reading.
For the examinations, passages are selected for translation from the
Latin assigned as private reading. These examinations are conducted
in writing.
B. Second Year.—The work of this year will be directed to the
acquirement of readiness in translation and syntactical interpretation,
with as little specialistic investigation as is consistent with a general
but sound and permanent knowledge of the language. As an indispensable
auxiliary to this end, written exercises in translating English
into Latin and Latin into English will be required. Proper attention
will be given to Roman History and Literature. The metrical work
will be limited to the structure and accurate recitation of the Dactylic,
Anapæstic, Trochaic, and Iambic verses, with the verses occurring in the
odes of Horace. Translation will be confined to Livy, Horace, Cicero,
Seneca, and Tacitus. Selections from each author will be assigned as
parallel reading. The student who completes the work of this year
will be entitled to a diploma of graduation in the B. A. course in Latin.
GRADUATE COURSES.
M. A.
This course commences with Juvenal or Livy, and includes selected
portions of Juvenal, Livy, Cicero, Seneca, Tacitus, and Plautus. The
presented. Latin versification is taken up early in the session and
continued throughout the term. A theoretical acquaintance with this
subject is insufficient. Prompt identification and correct recitation of
every variety of Latin verse is insisted upon. A very prominent place
is assigned to Latin Composition as an indispensable means of acquiring
an exact knowledge of the language. Portions of the authors read
in the lecture-room are designated as parallel and private reading.
The object of parallel reading is to enable a student to acquire a
more copious vocabulary than is furnished by the limited amount of
Latin read in the lecture-room, and to afford a wider field for the application
of the principles explained in the lectures. The examinations
are conducted in writing. For the third or final examination, passages
for translation are selected partly from the parallel and partly from
Latin which the class has not read. In Roman History and Literature
the work is that of the B. A. course. The completion of the work of
this year entitles the student to a diploma of graduation in the M. A.
course in Latin, if the work of the B. A. course has been completed.
Text-Books.—Any approved edition of the authors above named.
Grammars.—Gildersleeve's, Syntax of the Verb by the Professor, Printed
Lectures by the Professor on the Latin Cases and Versification.
History.—Liddell's, with Long's or any approved Atlas.
Literature—Bender's, as a Handbook and Guide, supplemented by Lectures.
PH. D.
This course is intended for students who propose to teach, or desire
to equip themselves for original investigation in the language. The
scope of the work is such as to familiarize them with the language in
its several periods. An extensive course of reading is prescribed, and
subjects for independent investigation are from time to time assigned.
The lecture-room exercises consist in translation and the discussion
by the student of the passage translated. He is invited to propound
such questions to the Professor, or to a member of the class, as he
would to a pupil. In addition, a careful translation from some one of
the best Latin prose writers is prepared, and the student is required at
once to write on the blackboard his Latin rendering of it, and to give
his reasons as well for the periods as for the syntactical constructions
employed. Though it requires at least two years to complete this
course, yet one year given to it abundantly repays the student, as the
greater part of the first year of the course is devoted to the Archaic
period of the language, which can not be considered to any great
extent in the undergraduate course.
SCHOOL OF GREEK.
Professor Humphreys,
Mr. Young.
In this School there are three courses:
B. A. COURSE.
I. A general course, comprising what is deemed essential to a liberal
classical education. This course extends over two years.
A. First Year Class.—As a preparation for this class an accurate
knowledge of the regular Attic inflections and some experience in
translating are necessary. A thorough study of three books of Xenophon's
Anabasis may be regarded as a minimum of preparatory reading.
The work of the class is directed to the acquirement of practical
familiarity with the simpler Attic prose. The Grammar is carefully
reviewed, and weekly exercises, based on Greek authors, are written.
The authors read are Xenophon and Lysias.
B. Second Year Class.—This class, for which the work of the preceding
year, or some equivalent, is the necessary preparation, continues
the study of Attic prose, and enters upon the study of Epic and
Ionic Greek and the Drama. The Syntax is reviewed, and weekly exercises
are given for translation into Attic prose. The authors read are
Plato, Demosthenes, Euripides, Herodotus, and Homer. Instruction is
given in History, Literature, Antiquities, and the simpler Meters.
Graduation in this course is prescribed for those who select Greek as
one of their studies for the degree of B. A.
In preparing students for the B. A. course teachers are urged not
to use Homer, but to confine the instruction to Attic prose.
GRADUATE COURSES.
M. A.
II. An advanced course, adapted specially to the requirements of
those who desire to become teachers of the classics. It extends through
one session of nine months. For admission to this course, graduation
in the preceding course is required; but, when sufficiently prepared,
students may be allowed to pursue both courses simultaneously. In
this course the Syntax of the Verb is thoroughly studied, and weekly
exercises, including passages from modern English authors, are given
to be translated into idiomatic Greek. Lectures are given on Rhythm
and Meters, and the students are practiced in reading rhythmically the
lyric parts of the Drama and the works of the Lyric Poets. The
authors read are Demosthenes, Æschylus, Sophocles, Aristophanes,
and modified as occasion may require. Graduation in this course is
prescribed for those who select Greek as one of their studies for the
degree of M. A.
PH. D.
III. A higher course, designed for those who wish to devote themselves
to classical scholarship. For admission to this course, graduation
in the preceding course, or equivalent preparation, is required,
but in special cases students may prosecute both courses at the same
time. At present it consists of four special courses, each comprising
two hours per week during a half session. A third year's course will
be adapted to the aims of the students. The lectures will be employed
chiefly in directing the private study of students.
The recent acquisition of the library of the late Professor Hertz has
greatly increased the facilities for philological research, and in connection
with each course special topics will be assigned to each student
for investigation. In each course, in addition to the special objects of
study, attention will be given to the literary aspect of the authors read
and to the subject-matter involved. The courses offered are as follows:
I. A course of selected readings extending over the whole field of
Greek literature in the order of historical development. This course
is intended as a general survey.
II. A course in Attic prose, especially the orators, directed partly to
questions of grammar, and partly to the artistic form and the style.
III. A study of the Attic drama, including the special study in class
of the Œdipus Tyrannus of Sophocles and the Frogs of Aristophanes.
IV. A study of the Greek poets, with special reference to music,
rhythm, metre, and structure. The ancient doctrine of metre and
rhythm will be carefully examined, and portions of the Lyric poets,
including Pindar, read in class.
For all the classes of this School private reading is prescribed, and
the examinations will be partly upon this and the work done in class,
and partly upon passages selected from the Greek authors at will.
HELLENISTIC.
Instruction will be given in New Testament Greek. This course will
extend through one session of nine months, the class meeting three
times a week. The preparation should be equivalent to that required
for the second year B. A. course.
The instruction will be free from sectarian bias, and will be specially
adapted to ministerial students intending to prosecute further
studies at a theological seminary, though others will not be excluded.
The course will begin with the study of the Gospel according to
Matthew, for which purpose any recent text will suffice. Other needed
works will be indicated after the session opens.
Text-Books.—Goodwin's Greek Grammar; Goodwin's Moods and Tenses;
Hogue's Irregular Verbs; Veitch's Verbs; Liddell and Scott's Lexicon (intermediate,
and in Courses II and III, unabridged seventh edition); Meyers's History
of Greece; Jebb's Primer of Greek Literature. Any editions of Greek
authors may be used, except when particular ones are specially prescribed;
but students should always have at hand Teubner's texts for reference, and
for use on examinations. At present Rhythm and Metres and some other
subjects are taught wholly or partly by lecture.
HEBREW.
The Instructor, Mr. Young, will conduct a course in elementary
Hebrew. No knowledge of the language will be required for admission
to this course. The text-books needed will be made known at the
opening of the session.
SCHOOL OF TEUTONIC LANGUAGES.
Professor Harrison.
The subjects taught in this school are the English and German languages
(including Old and Middle English, Gothic, Old and Middle
High German).
I. English.
B. A. COURSE.
The B. A. course in English is designed to lay a broad foundation
for the intelligent study of the language on both the historical (philological)
and the literary sides. The opportunity is seized from the
beginning to interest the student in the history and etymology of
current English words and phrases, to point him by a general course
of Anglo-Saxon (Old English) and Middle English to the gradual
evolution of Modern English as we have it now, and to furnish him
with ample material for the prosecution of further study and research
in one of the most delightful fields open to the modern student. A
carefully graded series of texts and text-books will lead the student
from the language of Alfred through Chaucer and the Elizabethans to
the English of Victoria; and practical weekly or fortnightly exercises
in English composition on assigned topics will, it is hoped, shape his
style and enlarge his knowledge of contemporary English. Three times
a week.
Text-Books.—First Term: Sweet's Anglo-Saxon Primer; Harrison and Baskervill's
Anglo-Saxon Reader; Lounsbury's English Language; Williams's
Composition and Rhetoric.
Second Term: Morris's Chaucer's Prologue and Knightes Tale; Harrison-Baskervill
(completed); Williams's Composition and Rhetoric (continued);
Brooke's English Literature (begun); Craik's English of Shakespeare.
Third Term: Anglo-Saxon, Brooke, Morris and Williams, completed; Hales's
Longer English Poems; the Arden Shakespeare (for careful verbal and structural
analysis of at least one play).
Note: It is desirable that students entering this class should have studied at
least a standard English Grammar and a standard Rhetoric. No previous
knowledge of Old English is required. Parallel reading is required.
GRADUATE COURSES.
M. A.
This course is a more specialized form of the B. A. course on the
same general lines; a knowledge of Anglo-Saxon is essential to its
profitable prosecution. The historical study of the language is pursued
in greater detail; the student's attention is concentrated on the history
and origins of English; lectures on the Poetry and Life of the
Anglo-Saxons are given; Fourteenth Century English receives detailed
attention, and selected works of the Elizabethan period will be examined
and studied critically.
The effort will constantly be made to make these courses in the English
Language run parallel on the linguistic side with the courses in
English Literature, so that the two may profitably be taken together.
Three times a week.
Text-Books.—First Term: Sweet's or Bright's Anglo-Saxon Reader (Prose);
Morris and Skeat's Specimens, II; Skeat's Principles, I.
Second Term: Skeat's Principles, I (continued); the Student's Chaucer;
Brooke's History of Old English Literature; Professor's Lectures; Anglo-Saxon
continued (Poetry).
Third Term: Beowulf; Skeat's Principles, II; Chaucer's Canterbury Tales
(completed); Moulton's Literary Study of the Bible; Brooke (completed); The
Mermaid Series; Corson's Introduction to Shakespeare.
Note: In 1899 the M. A. class discussed once a week in the English Seminary,
second term, written reports on points connected with Chaucer's language,
vocabulary, proverbs, learning, versification, etc. During the third term the
English Bible formed the center of the Seminary work.
A piece of technical work, such as the construction of a vocabulary,
the examination of particular points in syntax or grammar, or the discussion
of a particular author, may be required of the M. A. graduate.
Parallel reading is required.
PH. D.
Here only general hints and suggestions can be given, the course
adapting itself to the preferences of the student. The foundations will
and Old French to the Sixteenth Century; phonetics will be carefully
studied; and the principles of comparative grammar and syntax
will be duly explained.
Frequent conference, stated examinations, and original research will
form essential parts of this course.
The Professor's large and choice collection of Anglo-Saxon, English,
German, and French philological works is open to the students.
II. German.
B. A. COURSE.
The B. A. course in German is, like the corresponding course in English,
designed to lay a broad foundation for the intelligent study of the
language on both the philological and the literary sides. To accomplish
this purpose successfully an accurate knowledge of English
grammar and a few months' familiarity with the rudiments of German are
necessary as preliminary to entering the class. A carefully selected
series of text-books will gradually introduce the student to the pronunciation,
grammar, syntax, and translation of the language, exercises
once a week in German script will familiarize him with grammatical
analysis; and appropriate texts on the history and literature of
Germany will introduce him to these important sides of the study.
Parallel reading is required. Three times a week.
Text-Books.—Thomas's Practical or Whitney's Compendious German Grammar;
Joynes's Introductory German Reader; Otis's Grimm's Haus-Märchen;
Von Klenze's or Buchheim's Deutsche Gedichte; Von Jagemann's Undine;
Buchheim's Peter Schlemihl; Schiller's Wilhelm Tell; Goethe's Egmont;
Hosmer's History of German Literature.
Dictionaries: Whitney's or Heath's.
Scientific German.
Students taking this course will study thoroughly Part I of Thomas's
Practical or Whitney's Compendious German Grammar and will read
Gore's, Hodges's, Dippold's or Brandt's Scientific German Reader (at
least two of these).
A student successfully passing his examination on these four scientific
books, together with exercises, Hosmer's Literature and the
Grammar, would be doing about the equivalent of the literary B. A.
German course and would be recommended for the B. A. diploma.
A lighter course (suggested above) would be valuable to Medical,
Biological, and general scientific students, but would lead to no degree.
Dictionary: Tolhausen's Technological (English, German and French definitions).
M. A. COURSE.
This course is a more specialized continuation of the B. A. course in
German on the same general lines, and is open to students who have
completed the B. A. or its equivalent. The historical study of German
is taken up; the masterpieces of German literature are systematically
studied in critical annotated texts; exercises oral and written continue
throughout the year; and the literature and life of Germany are
studied in some detail. Parallel reading is required. Three times a
week.
Text-Books.—Whitney's Compendious Grammar; Behaghel's Historical
Grammar; Stein's German Exercises; Goethe's Meisterwerke (Bernhardt);
Lessing, Schiller, Heine (annotated editions); Wenckebach's Meisterwerke
des Mittelalters; Francke's or Scherer's History of German Literature.
Dictionary: Whitney's, Heath's, Adler's or Flügel-Schmidt-Tanger.
Note: The work in the B. A. and the M. A. courses is so conveniently
divided and distributed by the three-term system that the student gets over
the ground without hardship or difficulty.
PH. D. COURSE.
A student of German, having completed the B. A. and M. A. courses
as above outlined, is now prepared to enter upon studies more advanced
still. German and English combine admirably for the doctorate as
"major" and "cognate minor" to each other, either from the German
or from the English point of view. Conference with the Professor is
requested for the purpose of arranging the student's studies. If German
is elected, Gothic, systematically studied through Wright's Primer,
Bernhardt's Gotische Bibel and Skeat, is the foundation. Behaghel's
Hêliand (Saxon) may well follow this. A course in Old and Middle
High German, studied in the works and editions of Braune, Wright,
Sievers, Erdmann, and Henry, connects the Gothic and modern High
German, and gives ample philological as well as literary training to
the German specialist.
Frequent conference, stated examination, and original research form
essential parts of this course, which culminates in a dissertation on
some special linguistic or literary point connected with the study,
handed in before May 1 of the graduating year.
Ph. D. combinations suggested: German (major), English Language
(cognate minor), English Literature (second minor); English Language,
English Literature, German; English Literature, English Language,
German, etc.
SCHOOL OF ROMANCE LANGUAGES.
Associate Professor Wilson.
GENERAL STATEMENT.
In this School are taught the Romanic Languages. These are the
languages into which Latin developed after the fall of the Roman
Empire. Three of these idioms, French, Spanish, and Italian, have
influenced profoundly and are abidingly interwoven with the fabric of
our modern civilization. Others, like Portuguese and Roumanian, have
the future still before them and seem destined, especially Portuguese,
to assume no unimportant rôle among the languages of the earth.
Others, still, like Provençal, flourished for a moment, colored literature
for all time, and, then, waned to the importance and dimensions of a
dialect.
ADVANCED COURSES.
In accordance with the traditions of the University, this School will
be conducted with the view of developing advanced work rather than
with a view of increasing the number of undergraduate classes. By
advanced work in Romance, is meant such courses as enable the student
to penetrate into the philosophy of the subject and draw therefrom
the culture-influences of a science. Such courses are, at present,
given in cycles of three years each and lead to the degree of Doctor of
Philosophy (Ph. D.). The following cycle is, at present, being pursued.
1899-1900.
1. Twenty lectures on the Outlines of French Literature. Private study:
Gaston Paris, La Littérature Française au Moyen Age; Dowden, A History of
French Literature; Faguet, Seizième Siècle, Dix-septième Siècle, Dix-Huitième
Siècle, Dix-Neuvième Siècle.
2. Twenty lectures on Historical French Phonetics. Private Study:
Schwan-Behrens, Grammatik des Altfranzösischen; Meyer-Lübke, Grammaire
des Langues Romanes; Sweet, Primer of Phonetics,
3. Twenty lectures on Historical French Syntax. Private study:
Tobler, Vermischte Beiträge; Meyer-Lübke, Grammaire des Langues Romanes;
Harrison, French Syntax.
4. Readings in Old French. Weekly:
Chanson de Roland, La Vie de St. Alexis, Grant Mal Fist Adam, Chevalier
au Lyon, Lais de Marie de France, Amis et Amiles.
5. Romance Seminar. Weekly:
French syntactical developments of the Latin preposition ad.
1900-1901.
1. Twenty lectures on the Outlines of Spanish Literature. Private study:
Menendez y Pelayo, Antología de Poetas Líricos Castellanos; Ticknor, History
of Spanish Literature.
2. Twenty lectures on Historical Spanish Phonetics. Private study:
Baist, Die Spanische Sprache (in Gröber's Grundriss der Romanischen
Philologie); Meyer-Lübke, Grammaire des Langues Romanes.
3. Readings in Old Spanish. Weekly:
Gorra, Lingua e Litteratura Spagnuola della Origini; Lidforss, Los Cantares
de Myo Cid; Janer, Poetas Castellanos anteriores al Siglo XV.
4. Portuguese. Sight-reading: weekly.
5. Romance Seminar. Weekly:
Spanish and Portuguese syntactical developments of the Latin preposition
ad.
1901-1902.
1. Twenty lectures on the Outlines of Italian Literature. Private study:
D'Ancona e Bacci, Manuale della Letteratura Italiana; Gaspary, Storia della
Letteratura Italiana.
2. Twenty lectures on Historical Italian Phonetics. Private study:
Meyer-Lübke. Italienische Grammatik, Grammaire des Langues Romanes.
3. Readings in Early Italian. Weekly:
Extracts from writers of the Thirteenth Century in D'Ancona e Bacci,
Manuale della Letteratura Italiana, Volume I; Il Libro dei Sette Savi; La
Composizione del Mondo.
4. Readings in Old Provençal: weekly.
5. Romance Seminar. Weekly:
Italian and Provençal syntactical developments of the Latin preposition ad.
UNDERGRADUATE CLASSES.
Two undergraduate classes are conducted in this School; one, to
satisfy the requirements of the bachelor's degree; the other, those
of the degree of Master of Arts. Because of its inherent importance
and on account, too, of existing pedagogical conditions, French is held
to be that one of the Romanic languages best fitted for accomplishing
the purposes generally implied in a collegiate course leading to the
degree of Bachelor of Arts.
The B. A. Course in Romance (three hours a week) furnishes to those
students who may have already studied French several years (a) a
course of rapid reading, such as will increase the vocabulary to a
point where written Modern French will be understood with ease; (b)
a course in French Composition, which is intended to ensure an
accurate knowledge of ordinary forms; (c) dictation exercises which
would educate the ear to French sounds and cultivate the habit of
good pronunciation. While this is distinctively and essentially a linguistic
course, Literature receives its share of treatment (a) in the
comparatively large number of texts read, arranged with the view
of presenting, as far as possible, a general idea of the more important
phases of Modern French literature; (b) in histories of French literature
assigned for examination.
The programme for 1899-1900 was as follows:
1. French Grammar and Composition. Weekly:
Grandgent's Grammar and Composition.
2. French Literature of the Nineteenth Century. Twice weekly:
Béranger, Chansons; Hugo, Hernani; Mérimée, Colomba; Daudet, La Belle-Nivernaise;
Theuriet, Bigarreau; Rostand, Cyrano de Bergerac.
3. Private study:
(a) French Texts.—Corneille, Le Cid and Horace; Racine, Athalie and Les
Plaideurs; Molière, L'Avare and Le Misanthrope.
(b) French Literary History and Criticism.—Pellissier, Le Mouvement
Littéraire au XIX Siècle; Saintsbury, A Short History of French Literature.
The M. A. Course in Romance (six hours a week) deals especially with
Spanish and Italian. French, however, is used continually in this
course as a unit of comparison and, when the capabilities of the class
permit, as a means of class-room communication. Students are not
required to have a previous knowledge of Spanish and Italian; but
they are supposed to have had that thorough training in French which
gives, as it were, a Romanic base of procedure and which enables a
student to overcome, at sight, many of the primary difficulties of Spanish
and Italian. The M. A. course in Romance intends to do for Spanish
and Italian respectively what is practically done for French in the
B. A. course.
The following is an outline of what has been accomplished in 18991900:
1. Spanish Grammar and Composition. Weekly:
Manning's Grammar; Exercises based on texts read in class.
2. Spanish Literature of the Nineteenth Century. Twice Weekly:
Tamayo, Un Drama Nuevo; Alarcón, El Sombrero de Tres Picos; Galdós, Doña
Perfecta; Espronceda, El Diablo Mundo; Breton de los Herreros, La Independencia;
Pereda, La Puchera.
3. Private study:
(a) Spanish Texts.—Cervantes, Rinconete y Cortadillo; Tirso de Molina,
El Burlador de Scvilla; Moreto y Cabana, El Desdén con el Desdén; Lope de
Vega y Calderon de la Barca, Obras Maestras.
(b) Spanish Literary History and Criticism.—Fitzmaurice-Kelly, History
of Spanish Literature.
4. Italian Grammar and Composition. Weekly:
Grandgent's Grammar and Composition; Fornaciari, Sintassi Italiani.
5. Italian Literature of the Nineteenth Century. Twice weekly:
De Amicis, Alberto; Barrili, Una Notte Bizzarra; Farina, Fra la Corde di
un Contrabasso; Del Testa, L'Oro e l'Orpello; Pellico, Francesca da Rimini;
Capuana, Homo.
6. Private study:
(a) Italian Texts.—Goldoni, Un Curioso Accidente; Manzoni, I Promessi Sposi;
Selections from Dante, Petrarch, Boccaccio and other writers of the Fourteenth
Century, in D'Ancona e Bacci, Manuale della Letteratura Italiana,
Volume I.
(b) Italian Literary History and Criticism.—Fenini, Letteratura Italiana;
Garnett, History of Italian Literature.
LINDEN KENT MEMORIAL SCHOOL OF ENGLISH
LITERATURE.
Professor Kent.
B. A. COURSE.
This course includes practical instruction in composition and in the
critical analysis of prose and poetry, but its general aim, held steadfastly
in view, is literary. The double purpose of the course is: first,
to aid the student in learning the principles of good writing and in
acquiring by practice the power of expressing himself correctly and
clearly, if not with facility and literary finish; second, to raise the
standard of reading by cultivating the student's literary taste and by
interesting him in the splendid achievements of English and American
literature.
In order to pursue this course with full profit the student should
have, in addition to maturity of mind and general mental training, an
accurate knowledge of the principles of English grammar, including
punctuation and orthography, and familiarity with the foundations of
rhetoric. Previous practice in composition is well-nigh essential to the
successful prosecution of the work of this class, while general information
as to the history and contents of English and American literature
will add materially to the student's appreciation of the lectures.[1]
This B. A. course includes:
1. Rhetoric.—This will comprise a rapid review of the principles of
style as illustrated by the Sentence and the Paragraph, and a careful
study of invention in prose discourse. There will be frequent written
and blackboard exercises, and particular attention will be given to the
critical analysis of selected specimens of Descriptive, Narrative Expository,
Argumentative, and Persuasive Prose. This course, based on
the Professor's notes, will be supplemented by lectures, outlines, diagrams,
etc.
Text-Books.—To be assigned at the beginning of the course.
2. Poetics.—This course, following the general outline of the textbook,
will comprise the mechanism of verse, the artistic elements of
poetry, history of important verse forms, poetic style, kinds of poetry,
etc.
Class exercises in the analysis of poems, in the composition of verse,
and in recognition of forms, etc., will be assigned from time to time.
English and American Literature.—This course will consist of general
history of English and American literature, of which the text-books
will serve as outlines; of the study of standard English poems and of
representative American prose. The entire course is supplemented by
class explanations, graphical representations, assigned and suggested
readings, and lectures.
Text-Books.—Pancoast's Introduction to English Literature; Pancoast's
Introduction to American Literature; Pancoast's Standard English Poems;
Kent's Graphic Representations of English and American Literature; Carpenter's
American Prose.
Essays.—Besides the frequent written exercises, four essays will
be required of each student applying for graduation in this B. A.
course. These will be due October 16th, December 8th, March 2d,
April 6th.
In this connection the earnest attention of those charged with the direction
of academies, high schools, and schools of lower grade is called to the
sad and disastrous want of adequate elementary training in English, manifested
by many of their representative students.
GRADUATE COURSES.
M. A.
To this class will be admitted such students as have finished the
B. A. course here, or have had such training here or elsewhere as to
warrant the belief that they would pursue the course with profit. But,
because of the written work required in each class, the Professor
strongly advises young men not to undertake to pursue the B. A. and
M. A. courses both during the same session.
M. A. COURSE.
In this course there will be occasional lectures, but in general the
exercises of the class will be conducted by questions, conversation, and
conference. Readings will be assigned, independent investigation
insisted upon, and written reports required from time to time. The
students will be encouraged to form their own judgments and to
express them orally or in writing. References for each author, period,
or subject studied will be given, and the free use of the library in this
and all courses is cordially recommended.
COURSES HERETOFORE OFFERED.
I. Representative Writers of English Prose.
II. History of Lyric Poetry from 1560 to 1800.
III. British Essayists from Bacon to Burke.
IV. Victorian and American Poets.
V. Tennyson, the Representative Poet of the Nineteenth Century.
VI. The British Essay in the Nineteenth Century.
VII. Shakspeare, as a Dramatic Artist.
VIII. Chief English Literary Tendencies in the Nineteenth Century.
COURSES ANNOUNCED FOR 1900-1901.
IX. Milton, and his Times.
This course, extending from September 15th to December 15th, is
intended primarily to lead to a careful and thorough study of Milton's
poetry and prose but, as a full appreciation of Milton's work involves
a knowledge of the times in which he lived, the course will be supplemented
by a more rapid study of contemporaneous authors.
Text-Book.—Cambridge Edition of Milton's Poetical Works; any good edition
of his Prose.
I. Representative Writers of English Prose.
This course extending from January 2d to March 16th, is intended to
acquaint the student with specimens of the best prose and to give
him practice in criticism. The essays assigned may be read in editions
available in the University Library.
Text-Book.—Clark's Study of English Prose Writers. This will serve as a
syllabus of the course.
X. American Poets, with a Special Study of Southern Poetry.
This course, extending from March 25th to June 1st, will comprise
a somewhat rapid examination of American poetry and a closer study
of certain Southern poets. Among the Southern poets thus closely
studied will be Poe, Lanier, Timrod, Hayne, Father Ryan, Hope and
Thompson.
Text-Books.—Stedman's Poets of America; Stedman's Anthology of American
Poetry.
Essays and Dissertation.—Besides the written exercises and studies
in this course there will be required two essays and a dissertation.
The essays, due October 21st and February 15th, respectively, will treat
some literary themes preferably such as are suggested by the class
work. The dissertation must show independent and original investigation
of some limited theme selected with the Professor's approval.
The subject of the dissertation must be recorded by January 15th, and
the dissertation itself be handed in by May 15th.
PH. D.
This course will be as far as possible adapted to the needs and prospective
careers of the students desiring to pursue it. Its purposes will
be to cultivate more fully the love of letters, to encourage independent
and scholarly research, and to further the art of literary expression.
It will include a study of some writer or school of writers, or of some
period or movement of literature, and will take into consideration the
political, social, and literary characteristics of the time under discussion.
For 1900-1901 the course proposed will be an investigation of the Literary
History of the Southern States prior to 1860.
CORCORAN SCHOOL OF HISTORICAL AND
ECONOMICAL SCIENCE.
Professor Dabney.
In this School two distinct sciences are taught. For, although economic
conditions have profoundly influenced the history of nations,
and although there is such a thing as the history of Economics (just
as, for that matter, there is a history of Mathematics, and as there has
been a decided influence of mathematical discoveries upon History),
still History and Economics are distinct subjects, and are investigated
by different methods.
HISTORY.
The study of History, like that of other great subjects, has its own
peculiar charms and advantages. It cannot equal the study of language
in cultivating the habit of minute accuracy and attention to
details. Nor can it compete with mathematical study in accustoming
the student to habits of clear and rigidly consecutive thought. But
on the other hand, there is no other subject that surpasses History in
its power to broaden and deepen both the mind and the heart. Its
charm lies in its human interest. For its theme is man—"the proper
study of mankind"—a theme that must ever be more attractive to the
majority of human beings than either the asymptotes of the hyperbola
or the subjunctive mood. But, while History deals with man, it should
not be confounded with biography, which deals with individual men.
Biography is an invaluable adjunct to History, but History deals with
the life of societies, nations and states. Fully, fairly, and impartially
to comprehend this life in all its marvelously varied social, political,
religious, moral and intellectual manifestations, is totally beyond the
power of any human brain. Yet the earnest student, who seeks the
can learn enough of even so vast a theme to reward him richly for his
pains. But let him not yield credence to the common delusion that
History is "easy" to learn,—a mere collection of entertaining anecdotes
concerning eminent men. To understand the life of nations—
the evolution and dissolution of organized masses of men—is a fascinating,
but immensely difficult task. Such a task is, very properly, not
attempted in primary schools, children being taught the rudiments of
History with other purposes in view. Nor is it wise for the younger
students at a university to attempt the task. The greater their maturity,
the greater also will be the benefit they may derive from historical
study; and they are therefore advised, as a general rule, to defer its
pursuit until they have had at least one year's training in other university
work.
Two courses in History are offered: one in General History and one
in English and American History.
B. A. COURSE.
General History.—In this course, which comprises the historical
work required for the B. A. degree, great stress is laid on the view that
the career of man as revealed in History, is not a mere jumble of disconnected
dates and facts, but a continuous stream, having its sources
and tributaries in the far-off past, its outlet in the remote future. No
attempt is made, however, to traverse in the class-room the entire
length of this stream; for, although constant efforts are made to demonstrate
the vital connection of nation with nation, of generation with
generation, and of anterior with ensuing conditions of historical development,
the lectures are confined to the more important periods, the
student being required to fill the gaps by private reading. These
periods, and therefore, the text-books studied, may be more or less
varied each year. Three lectures a week.
Text-Books.—Fisher's Outlines of Universal History; Grant's Greece in the
Age of Pericles; Froude's Caesar; Capes's Age of the Antonines; Thatcher's
and Schwill's Europe in the Middle Age; Seebohm's Era of the Protestant
Revolution; Gardiner's Thirty Years' War; Longman's Frederick the Great
and the Seven Years' War; Dabney's Causes of the French Revolution;
Morris's French Revolution and First Empire.
GRADUATE COURSE.
M. A.
English and American History.—In this higher course, which will
consist of English History up to Christmas, and of American History
the rest of the session, the principles taught in the course preceding
may be encouraged to exercise independent thought and judgment,
they will be required to write essays on assigned topics. Moreover,
it should be distinctly understood that the text-books are by no
means regarded by the Professor as infallible authorities. On the
contrary, some of them contain much that is emphatically rejected
by him. And yet such books may be exceedingly useful; for to educate
a man is not to stuff him full of cut-and-dried opinions, but rather
to draw forth and develop his own judgment by presenting to his
mind opinions that oppose and even clash violently with each other.
Graduates in General History will derive most benefit from this course.
It may be taken, however, by others; and, as considerable attention
will be paid to constitutional development, students intending to
study Law will find the course of advantage. Candidates for the M. A.
degree selecting History as one of their four subjects must graduate
both in this course and in the preceding. Three lectures a week.
Text Books.—Oman's History of England; Creighton's Age of Elizabeth;
McCarthy's Epoch of Reform; Gardiner's Atlas of English History; and a
number of works on special periods of American History to be announced
later.
ECONOMICS.
In its value both as a mental discipline to the student, and as a subject
of practical interest to the citizen, it is difficult to over-estimate
the importance of this science.
As a mental discipline the study of Economics combines to a certain
extent the advantages of linguistic, mathematical and historical training.
One of the most serious difficulties of the subject is the fact that
many of its technical terms are also used in loose popular significations;
and a close study of Economics teaches a man to be very careful
in the exact and discriminating use of words. The rigid reasoning, too,
by which economic laws are deductively derived from a few simple and
fundamental facts in human and physical nature is as relentlessly logical
as that by which the properties of triangles or circles are deduced
from the axioms of Geometry. And, finally, the historical investigation
of economic phenomena with a view to the verification, modification
or refutation of the laws deductively ascertained, or to the inductive
discovery of other laws, is attended with the advantages of other
historical study, as above set forth, and sheds a flood of light upon
many questions in social, political, or even religious history.
B. A. COURSE.
Like Mathematics, Economics is treated as Pure and Applied. In
the first term of the session the whole field of Pure or Deductive Economics,
an abstract science which deliberately and properly ignores,
social life, is traversed in outline; and a few brief practical applications
are made to special topics. In this term, too, the principles
of Public Finance are studied. In the second term a thorough
deductive, as well as inductive and historical, investigation of the
principles of Money and Credit is undertaken; while a few lectures are
devoted to the consideration of protective tariffs. A third term is
devoted to a discussion of the periodical commercial panics and crises
of the nineteenth century, and to the history of the vast changes in
production, transportation and industrial organization that have taken
place throughout the world in recent years.
Text-Books.—Laughlin's Elements of Political Economy; Plehn's Introduction
to Public Finance; Horace White's Money and Banking; selected
pamphlets from the Sound Currency series published by the N. Y. Reform
Club, viz: Nipher's The Appreciation of Gold, Warner's The Currency Famine
of 1893, Watkins's Cotton and the Currency, White's Coin's Financial
Fool, and the Report of the Monetary Commission of the Indianapolis Convention
of 1897; Philpott's Tariff Chats; Porter Sherman's Tariff Primer;
Hyndman's Commercial Crises of the Nineteenth Century; Wells's Recent
Economic Changes.
SCHOOL OF MORAL PHILOSOPHY.
Professor Davis.
There are two classes arranged for two successive sessions.
The First Class studies during the first half-session, Deductive and
Inductive Logic; during the second half-session, Psychology. Three
lectures a week.
Text-Books.—The Professor's Elements of Deductive Logic, Elements of
Inductive Logic. Theory of Thought, and Elements of Psychology.
The Second Class studies during the first half-session, Ethics; during
the second half-session, Philosophy. Two lectures a week.
Text-Books.—The Professor's Elements of Ethics; Janet's La Morale;
Lotze's Grundzüge der praktischen Philosophie; Külpe's Introduction to
Philosophy; Ueberweg's History of Philosophy.
SCHOOL OF MATHEMATICS.
Professor Echols,
Associate Professor Page.
The work of the School of Mathematics is divided into two parts:
Part I.—The Undergraduate Course, leading to the degree of B. A.,
fundamental principles of mathematics to those who pursue it as a
component part of a general education, and as a preparation to those
who desire a working knowledge of the subject for use in subsequent
studies in Physics, Astronomy, and Engineering.
Part II.—The Graduate Course, leading to the degrees of M. A. and
Ph. D., has a twofold design. In the first place its object is to require
a thorough and systematic study of the chief branches of pure mathematics
as exhibited in the writings of the best authors; and in the
second place, to inculcate a serious and thoughtful contemplation of
pure mathematics as an art, a science, and a branch of philosophy.
In this school, as at present designed, there are six classes.
B. A. COURSE.
In this course there are two classes, each of which meets three times
a week throughout the session.
Class A.—This class meets three times a week (three hours), and
devotes about three months to each of the three subjects, Algebra,
Geometry, and Trigonometry.
In Algebra the class begins with Ratio and Proportion, proceeding
to the progressions, the Binominal Formula, Convergence and Divergence
of Series, Logarithms, Determinants, and the Theory of Equations.
In Geometry the work begins with the Solution of numerous original
exercises in Plane Geometry, proceeds through Solid Geometry, with
exercises, and terminates with a short course in Geometrical Conic
Sections.
The year is closed by a course in elementary Plane Trigonometry,
embracing the Solution of Triangles by means of Logarithms, the
usual applications to the problems of Heights and Distances, etc.
The preparation necessary to enter this class is a good knowledge of
Arithmetic, of Algebra through Simultaneous Quadratic Equations,
and of Plane Geometry.
Text-Books.—Charles Smith's Algebra; Venable's Legendre's Geometry,
with Exercises; Venable's Notes on Geometric Conic Sections; Wells's Plane
and Spherical Trigonometry.
Class B.—The preparation for this class consists in a thorough
knowledge of the topics worked over in Class A.
This class devotes about three months to each of the three subjects,
Trigonometry, Analytical Geometry, and Calculus. Four and a half
hours each week.
The subject of Trigonometry, plane and spherical, is carefully
worked over and followed by the study of the Conic Sections analytically.
study of the elementary principles and applications of the Differential
and Integral Calculus.
Text-Books.—Loney's Trigonometry, Part I; Charles Smith's Conic Sections;
Echols's Calculus.
GRADUATE COURSES.
M. A.
Class C.—This class meets three times a week (four and a half
hours) throughout the session. It begins with the study of Analytical
Geometry of three dimensions, and takes a systematic course in the
Differential and Integral Calculus, and completes the course with a
study of Differential Equations.
Text-Books.—Charles Smith's Solid Geometry; Williamson's Differential
and Integral Calculus; Murray's Differential Equations.
This course is required for graduation in the M. A. course of Mathematics.
PH. D.
Class D.—This class meets three times each week throughout the
session. The topics discussed are: The Theory of the Number System;
Determinants; the Infinitesimal and Finite Calculus and the
general Theory of Functions.
Reference Books.—Scott's Determinants; Laurent's Traité d'Analyse; Chrystal's
Algebra; Boole's Finite Differences; Tannery's Théorie des Fonctions d'une
Variable, and Harkness and Morley's Theory of Functions; Picard, Traité
d'Analyse.
Class E.—The first half-year will be devoted to a course on the
Applications of the Differential and Integral Calculus to Geometry,
with special reference to the Theory of Surfaces—and Curves on Surfaces.
During the second half-year a course in Pure Geometry, beginning
with Projective Geometry and proceeding to elementary Higher
Geometry, will be offered.
This class, and the following one, meet three times a week, and the
subjects will be presented by lectures.
Reference Books.—Joachimsthal's Anwendung der Differential und Integralrechnung
auf die Allgemeine Theorie der Flächen, und der Linien Doppelter
Krümmung; Salmon's Geometry of Three Dimensions; Darboux's Théorie
Général des Surfaces; Reye's Geometrie der Lage, Klein's Höhere Geometrie
Volume I; Page's Differential Equations.
Class F.—In this class will be presented a course in Lie's Theory of
Transformation Groups, with Applications to Differential Equations
and to Higher Geometry.
Reference Books.—Lie's Works on Transformation Groups; Klein's Höhere
Geometrie, Volume II.
The candidate for the Ph. D. degree is required to complete the
work of all the classes in the graduate courses, and to present a thesis
which shall be acceptable to the faculty.
SCHOOL OF APPLIED MATHEMATICS.
Professor Thornton.
The work of this School is divided between the Academic and the
Engineering Departments. In the former the following courses are
offered, each of three lectures a week:
B. A. COURSE.
General Mechanics.—In this course, which comprises the work in
Mechanics for the B. A. degree, the subjects studied are Statics,
Strength of Materials, Graphical Statics, Hydrostatics, the Elementary
Dynamics of a Particle, and of a Rigid Body. Elementary mathematical
methods are employed, but no student is prepared to undertake
the course who has not a sound working knowledge of Algebra, Geometry,
and Plane Trigonometry, with the elements of Analytical Geometry.
Text-Books.—Jessop's Applied Mathematics; Jacoby's Graphical Statics;
Greene's Structural Mechanics; Lectures.
GRADUATE COURSES.
M. A.
Advanced Mechanics.—This course comprises the work in Mechanics
for the M. A. degree. Free use is made of the methods of the Infinitesimal
Calculus, and only suitably prepared students will be admitted to
it. The subjects studied are the Dynamics of a Particle, and of a Rigid
Body, Hydraulics, and Thermodynamics.
Text-Books.—Williamson's Dynamics; Bovey's Hydraulics; Peabody's
Thermodynamics.
PH. D.
For candidates for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, two courses
are offered.
1. Analytical Mechanics.—Minchin's Statics, Routh's Rigid Dynamics,
Lamb's Motion of Fluids.
2. Theory of Elasticity.—Love's Treatise on the Mathematical
Theory of Elasticity. Clebsch's Theory of the Elasticity of Solid
Bodies (Saint Venant's edition).
SCHOOL OF PRACTICAL ASTRONOMY.
Professor Stone.
Mr. Eastwood.
B. A.
General Astronomy.—The primary aim of this course is to give such
a knowledge of the facts, principles, and methods of Astronomy as
every well-educated person should possess.
The preparation required is a good working knowledge of Arithmetic,
Algebra through Quadratics, Plane and Solid Synthetic Geometry,
and Plane Trigonometry through the Solutions of Triangles. In
this preparation thoroughness is of more importance than extent.
The instruction is given by oral examinations, by lectures, and by
the assignment of problems. The mental discipline of the student is
kept constantly in view, and an earnest effort is made to create a habit
of clear and logical thinking.
Text-Books.—Young's General Astronomy; Berry's A Short History of
Astronomy.
GRADUATE COURSES.
M. A.
The courses mentioned in the paragraph following this, although
primarily designed to meet the wants of candidates for the degree of
Doctor of Philosophy, are also open to candidates for the degree of
Master of Arts, who are required to satisfactorily complete, in addition
to the work of the B. A. course, a year's work in the more advanced courses.
PH. D.
Theoretical Astronomy.—The courses vary from year to year. During
the year 1899-1900 the subjects considered have been: Formation
and integration of the differential equations of motion for an undisturbed
body, determination of the position of a planet from known
elements, of an elliptic orbit from three complete observations, of an
orbit from four observations of which only two are complete, of an
orbit from any number of observations employing the method of
least squares. During the year 1900-1901 lectures will be given on
the determination of orbits of double stars, meteors, and comets, on
mechanical quadrature, and on the methods of computing special perturbations.
Practical Astronomy.—Laboratory courses are offered each year, in
which systematic training is given in numerical computation, and in
the use of Astronomical instruments. Students are also encouraged
to engage in such original work as their time and attainments may
permit.
For information in regard to Fellowships in Astronomy, application
should be made to the professor in charge of the School.
The Astronomical Observatory is situated upon an elevation known
as Mount Jefferson which furnishes an unobstructed horizon. The
principal building is a rotunda forty-five feet in diameter, and contains
the great Clark refractor of twenty-six inches aperture. The
building and instrument are the gift of Leander J. McCormick, Esq.,
of Chicago. The computing rooms are adjoining, and contain clock,
chronograph, etc., and a working library. In a smaller building are a
three-inch Fauth transit and a four-inch Kahler equatorial.
SCHOOL OF NATURAL PHILOSOPHY.
Professor Smith,
Dr. Humphreys.
This School offers the following courses:
1. Experimental Physics.—This course is intended to include Elementary
Mechanics, Heat, Electricity, Sound and Light. Instruction
is given by lectures and text-books, with illustrative experiments.
The members of this class are expected to perform a graded set of
simple exercises in the Physical Laboratory, the hours for which are
accommodated, as far as possible, to the convenience of each student.
2. Mathematical Physics.—In this course selected portions of the
preceding one are more fully developed by the aid of mathematics.
to the preparation or the needs of the student. The utmost possible
freedom, consistent with a proper standard as to amount and
quality, is afforded to him. The Laboratory work in this class is more
advanced and extensive than in the preceding class, and aims at the
more exact measurement of physical quantities.
3. Electricity.—This course is distinguished from the preceding, in
being adapted of design to the needs of such as intend to pursue Electrical
Engineering. The book work and the Laboratory exercises have
therefore a practical character. They are intended to cover the first
half of a four years' course of Electrical Engineering.
4. Graduate Work is offered to candidates for the Doctorate of Philosophy
and to others who, for special reasons, may wish to do advanced
work in Physics along special lines. This work will be mainly experimental
and, as far as our resources allow, will be accommodated to the
preferences and special preparation of the student himself. More
detailed information respecting the advanced work may meanwhile be
obtained by correspondence or personal interview.
Candidates for the degree of Bachelor of Arts, electing this School,
are only required to pass in the class of Experimental Physics.
The course for Master of Arts in this School is that given in the
class of Mathematical Physics.
THE ROUSS PHYSICAL LABORATORY.
This building is now completed, and occupied. The equipment is
such as to offer unusual facilities for both elementary and advanced
practical work. The working rooms are remarkable for stability, light
and uniformity of temperature. Electricity, gas and water, as well as
steam-heat, are supplied to each of them. The structure was specially
designed to meet the requirements of Practical Physics, and is convenient
within while it is sightly without.
SCHOOL OF CHEMISTRY.
Professor Mallet.
In this School the following courses are offered:
General Chemistry.—This course consists of three lectures a week
throughout the session. The fundamental ideas of chemical science,
the relations of Chemistry to Physics, the laws expressing the facts
of chemical combination by weight and by volume, the atomic theory
nomenclature and symbols now in use, the foundations of our knowledge
of chemical structure, and a general survey of the Descriptive
Chemistry of the elements, and their compounds, inorganic and
organic, are brought forward in order, with incidental allusion to the
applications in the arts and manufactures of the facts mentioned.
Text-Books.—Fownes's Chemistry (last edition): Syllabus of the Professor's
Lectures. Recommended for reference.—Roscoe and Schorlemmer's Elements
of Chemistry; Lothar Meyer's Outlines of Theoretical Chemistry
(English translation); Bernthsen's Text-Book of Organic Chemistry, translated
by McGowan; Watt's Dictionary of Chemistry; Ernst von Meyer's
History of Chemistry.
Industrial Chemistry.—This course, in which also three lectures a
week are delivered, is concerned with the applications of chemistry
to the purposes of human life. It examines in detail the chemical
principles and processes specially concerned in the more important
arts and manufactures, upon which the development of the natural
resources of the country in large measure depends, the opportunity
being thus presented of preparation for such positions as those of the
miner and metallurgist, the chemical manufacturer, the dyer, bleacher,
tanner, sugar-refiner, etc.
Text-Books.—Wagner's Chemical Technology or F. H. Thorp's Outlines of
Industrial Chemistry. Recommended for reference: Richardson and Watt's
Chemical Technology; T. E. Thorpe's Dictionary of Applied Chemistry;
Girardin's Leçons de Chimie Elêmentaire appliquée aux Arts Industriels;
W. E. Roberts-Austen's Introduction to the Study of Metallurgy; Sadtler's
Handbook of Industrial Organic Chemistry, etc.
The lectures in both courses are illustrated by suitable experiments,
and by such specimens, models, drawings, etc., as the various subjects
require. The collections of the University in illustration of the processes
and products of Industrial Chemistry have been procured at
much expense and pains in this country, England, France and Germany,
and are unusually extensive and good; among the best on this
side of the Atlantic.
In both courses there are one or more reviews each week of the
subjects under discussion, involving questions put by, as well as to,
the students; and exercises in writing are from time to time given
out to afford practice in the calculations which are needed by the
chemist.
Graduate work is offered in either course, and either or both may
be taken by the candidate for the Ph. D. degree. Laboratory work
will be required on subjects involving original investigation. It is
desirable that the student shall, himself, as far as possible, select subjects
for investigation, but when he can not do so, suitable questions
will be presented to him, and he will be encouraged to work them out
Advanced reading may also be prescribed, especially in the
shape of the literature of particular topics, to be looked up from
various sources and condensed by the student.
Graduation in General Chemistry is required for the B. A. degree,
graduation in both General and Industrial Chemistry for the M. A.
For admission to a graduate course in the School of Chemistry or in
the School of Analytical Chemistry, previous graduation in both the
schools named will be required; but this part of the requirement may
be waived, provided satisfactory evidence be furnished that the student
has already made equivalent attainments elsewhere.
SCHOOL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY.
Professor Dunnington.
The regular work of this School, constituting a complete course in
Practical Chemistry, is divided into two courses, as follows:
1. This course consists of three lessons a week throughout the session,
on each occasion the student spending three or four hours in
practical experiments in the Laboratory. A course in Chemical Manipulation
is first given, then Blowpipe Analysis, Fire Assaying of Ores
of Lead, Gold and Silver, and a systematic course in inorganic Qualitative
Analysis followed by practice in analysis of salts, alloys and ores,
determination of minerals and the examination of potable water, coal,
clay, and so on, together with some simpler quantitative determinations.
2. The work of the second course is also given in three lessons a
week throughout the session, each being followed by four hours or
more of practical laboratory work. This course is primarily one in
Quantitative Analysis. After some training in manipulation and gravimetric
estimations, the class pursues volumetric estimations and a
full course in Quantitative Analysis of minerals, ores, coal, soil, technical
products, and so on. As the student advances in the course he
is encouraged to undertake original research and assist in its prosecution;
and in determining his fitness for graduation, work of this
kind is considered as having much weight.
The Laboratory is open to students six days in the week during all
the working hours of the day.
Students may matriculate either for the first course, or for both
courses at the same time; candidates for graduation are required to
complete both courses. Those who accomplish it are prepared for
work as Analytical Chemists, Assayers, Druggists, or Teachers of
Chemistry.
Among the works recommended to laboratory students are: Fresenius's
Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis; Venable's Qualitative Analysis (2d
ed.); Greville Williams's Hand-book of Chemical Manipulation; Woehler's
Examples for Practice in Chemical Analysis; Foye's Hand-book of Mineralogy;
A. Classen's Elementary Quantitative Analysis.
PH. D.
The graduate course is designed for those seeking the degree of
Ph. D., and also for such students as desire to increase the range of
their experience as analysts and to cultivate their powers for original
investigation.
It is required of those who enter this course that they shall have
previously graduated both in this School and in General Chemistry,
or that they shall have previously made equivalent attainments elsewhere.
Laboratory work will be conducted daily, and suggestions and due
assistance will be given in its prosecution.
While the work is adapted to the special aims or taste of each student,
it will in all cases comprise some practice in the more elaborate
processes of analysis, ultimate and proximate organic analysis, some
study in analytical methods and some original problems, also the reading
and the summarizing of extracts from current journals, and for
all who are seeking the degree of Ph. D., a dissertation embodying the
results of some original research.
SPECIAL COURSE.
In addition to the foregoing, the following Special Course is given in
this School:
A course of twenty-four lectures on Agricultural Chemsitry,
including a discussion of the chemical and physical properties of the
atmosphere, of soils and of plants; the chemistry of the processes of
vegetable life so far as they are related to Agriculture; the chemical
composition and preparation of manures; the chemistry of stock feeding,
and so on. This course is open without charge to farmers who are
not matriculated students.
For reference: Johnston's Elements of Agricultural Chemistry, 17th Edition:
London, 1894.
The Chemical Laboratory is a building planned and erected for the
purpose. It is warmed throughout by hot water, completely fitted
with the most approved appliances, and stocked with apparatus,
models, materials, and specimens. The commodious lecture-room, with
work and store-room attached, is provided with every convenience
for exhibiting a complete series of experiments illustrating the lectures
on General Chemistry. The large room assigned to Analytical Chemistry
work-tables, gas, water, and all proper laboratory fixtures; smaller
rooms are devoted to weighing, evaporations, assaying, etc., and all
requisite apparatus, chemicals, minerals, materials for analysis, etc.,
are kept constantly supplied by home purchases and importation.
The Museum of Industrial Chemistry, contained in the same building,
consists of a very large number of specimens, collected at much
expense and pains in this country and abroad, to illustrate the products
and processes of Chemistry applied to the arts and manufactures,
and is so arranged as to be a most valuable aid to the student
of Industrial Chemistry.
CORCORAN SCHOOL OF NATURAL HISTORY
AND GEOLOGY.
Professor Fontaine.
In this School two subjects are taught, Geology and Descriptive Mineralogy.
There are two courses—first, a course embracing the requisites
of Geology for the attainment of the degree of Bachelor of
Arts; and second, a course covering what is required in Mineralogy
and Geology for the degree of Master of Arts.
B. A. COURSE.
Three lectures a week will be given throughout the session. The
design of the course is to enable the student to obtain such a knowledge
of the science of Geology as should be possessed by a well-educated
man. As full an exposition of the fundamental principles will
be given as the time will allow.
Text-Books.—Dana's Revised Text-Book of Geology and Notes of the Professor's
Lectures.
GRADUATE COURSES.
M. A.
This course consists of two divisions, one in Mineralogy, the other in
Geology.
Mineralogy.—The course in Mineralogy closes with the examination
which takes place in December. Three lectures a week are given in it.
In this course attention is paid to crystallography, and especially to
relations, geological occurrence, and history of the individual species
are made prominent.
Text-Books.—Dana's Manual of Mineralogy and Petrology. The instruction
will be in part by lectures.
Geology.—This division of the course begins after the completion of
Mineralogy in December. Three lectures a week will be given. A
knowledge of the principles taught in the B. A. course will be assumed.
The more general and complicated problems in all the branches of
Geology will be dealt with in this course. As thorough a treatment
as possible will be given of Stratigraphy, Lithology, and Palæontology.
More stress will be laid on the methods of field-work and the application
of geological principles. The aim will be to give such a knowledge
of the subject as may be useful to the student in bread-winning pursuits,
or may serve as a basis for the more specialized course required
for the attainment of the degree of Ph. D.
Text-Book.—Dana's Manual of Geology. For reference: Geikie's Text-Book
of Geology. The instruction will be in part by lecture.
PH. D.
The course in this School is intended to give the student as large a
stock of useful information as possible, to teach him methods of investigation,
and to train him in habits of observation. Original research
will be insisted on, and opportunity will be given for the student to
concentrate his efforts in some line of special study.
Topics for study will be taken from both of the subjects taught in
this school. The abundant material in the Lewis Brooks Museum,
mentioned below, gives unusual facilities for the pursuit of graduate
work.
Descriptive Mineralogy.—The course of Mineralogy is so selected
as to give the student a good knowledge of as wide a range of the principles
as possible, and at the same time to cause him to acquire a practical
knowledge of the various mineral species. In the practical study,
the more common minerals, and those of more importance from an
economic and geologic point of view, will have preference. A practical
knowledge of the crystal forms and of the characteristic groupings and
massive forms of minerals, will be required. Special attention will be
paid to the relations of minerals, their association in nature and their
geological occurrence. The student will be trained to determine minerals,
as far as possible, by their obvious characteristics, without the
help of tests, and practical examinations will be held, from time to
time, to test his skill. One or more theses will be required.
Dana's Text-Book of Mineralogy, and Weisbach's Mineral Tables will be
used, and topics from various authors will be assigned for study in special
cases.
Geology.—In Geology the aim will be to fit the student for independent
and original research. He will study as thoroughly as possible
the broader problems of the science, involving the knowledge of stratigraphical
principles. Special attention will be given to imparting a
practical knowledge of the various rocks, and of the animal and plant
fossils of the different eras, with the view of using them in determining
unknown formations. Stress will be laid upon field-work, and the
methods of determining and describing the geology of new regions.
To impart such knowledge, the student will be required to work up
some particular region or formation, and report his results. Topics
involving a knowledge of the literature and growth of opinion in relation
to particular questions, may be assigned to form the subjects of
theses.
Dana's Manual of Geology, and Geikie's Text-Book of Geology, will be used
as text-books, and selected books of other authors will be used when necessary.
The Lewis Brooks Museum contains collections illustrating the main
subdivisions of Natural History. Each of the collections is arranged
so as to exemplify the principles of the science, and at the same time
offers a large variety of subjects for advanced study. In Geology the
specimens show all the different kinds of rocks, classified according to
mineral character and the formations in which they occur; the collection
of fossils, plaster casts, maps, etc., is exceptionably fine, and
fully illustrates Historical Geology. In Mineralogy the principles of
the science are made plain by well-chosen suits of specimens, models
of crystals, etc. The general collection of minerals contains all the
important minerals, and many of the rarer ones, in good specimens.
Zoölogy is well illustrated by a fine and large collection of mounted
skeletons, stuffed animals, dried specimens, plaster casts, etc. In
Botany the collections contain charts, papier-maché models of flowers
and fruits, sections of wood, etc. The bulk of the collection is in the
form of an herbarium, selected from the most important and interesting
botanical regions of the world. In addition to the above, a
beginning has been made of a collection to illustrate the geology and
mineralogy of the State of Virginia, and this will be increased as rapidly
as possible.
These large and carefully selected collections of geological and mineralogical
objects afford unsurpassed facilities for the full illustration
of the principles taught. As free access to these collections is allowed
the student, he can find in their study an opportunity, rarely obtained,
for gaining a practical acquaintance with natural objects acquired
These collections are especially useful to students pursuing
graduate courses of study in Geology and Mineralogy.
MILLER SCHOOL OF BIOLOGY AND AGRICULTURE.
Professor Tuttle,
Mr. Miller.
The work of this School is designed to meet the wants of students
who desire such knowledge of the principles of Biology and of the
methods of biological research as should properly form part of a liberal
education, or who desire such training as will fit them for independent
work as students or as teachers in that department of knowledge;
and of those who seek such acquaintance with the facts and laws
of Biology as will prepare them for an intelligent study of the relations
of Biology to Agriculture.
B. A. COURSES.
Two introductory courses are offered, each of which is intended to
serve as a means of rendering the student familiar with the method,
the aims, and the fundamental laws of Biology while he is engaged in
the one case with the study of plants, in the other with that of a large
and important group of animals. Each course consists of three
lectures a week throughout the session, the lectures being associated
in each case with laboratory exercises dealing with the organisms
under consideration. Graduation in either of these courses may be
offered as one of the electives for the degree of Bachelor of Arts.
I. Botany.—The course begins with the study of the anatomy, both
gross and microscopic, of a series of representative plant forms, beginning
with the highest and passing to the lowest plants; this is followed
by a discussion of the elements of vegetable physiology. The
second portion of the course begins with the consideration of the principles
of classification, followed by the study of the characteristics
of the leading divisions of the vegetable kingdom, and particularly
of those which include non-vascular plants. The concluding portion
is devoted to the more specific study of the classification and distribution
of the higher plants and of the local flora.
To the student who seeks a knowledge of the principles of Biology
as a part of a general education, this course is particularly commended.
All the fundamental laws of Biology are well illustrated in the study
of the morphology and physiology of plants, and in most instances in
the beginner than is the case in the study of animals.
Text-Books.—The Bonn Text-Book of Botany (Porter tr.); Gray's Manual.
II. Comparative Anatomy and Physiology.—This course is devoted
to the study of Anatomy and Histology of Vertebrates, and to the
principles of Animal Physiology. During the first part of the session
several representative forms are dissected, the relations and functions
of their constituent organs being at the same time discussed in the
accompanying lectures. This is followed by a study of their histology,
particular attention being paid to mammalian histology as understood
by the aid of that of the lower vertebrates; the work is done in the laboratory,
the associated reading and lectures being accessory thereto.
This course is particularly recommended to students who contemplate
the study of medicine here or elsewhere. It is included in the
required work of the first year of the course in Medicine, and students
passing it with the required grade will there be credited with it.
Text-Books.—Martin's Human Body (briefer edition); Parker's Zoötomy;
The Professor's Elements of Histology.
GRADUATE COURSES.
M. A.
In addition to the introductory or B. A. courses above described, the
following advanced courses are offered to students prepared to undertake
them. In each the work will be chiefly done in the laboratory,
the student being in large measure independent of his associates; such
lectures will be given from time to time and such reading indicated as
will aid the student in an independent investigation of the subject in
hand. The relation of these courses to degrees is indicated below.
III. Vertebrate Morphology.—An advanced course based on Course
II, the completion of which, or its equivalent, is required as preliminary.
The work of the course begins with a study of Vertebrate
Embryology: this is followed by the detailed comparative study of the
structure and development of one or more systems of organs as existing
in the vertebrates and in those forms which may be regarded as
phylogenetically related to the vertebrate stock. The library of the
department contains a large amount of standard and periodical literature
bearing on the subject-matter of this course, and the reading of
the student will be directed as far as possible in accordance with his
individual needs.
Text-Books.—Marshall's Vertebrate Embryology; Wiedersheim's Comparative
Anatomy of Vertebrates (Parker tr.).
IV. Zoology.—This course, open to graduate students only, includes
the study of Animal Morphology, as illustrated by the anatomy, histology
and, as far as possible, the embryology of a series of representative
species chosen from the principal divisions of the animal kingdom,
the principles of classification, and the arrangement of the various
orders and classes of animals in larger groups as indicated by their
structural affinities.
Text-Book.—McMurrich's Invertebrate Morphology. For reference: Parker
and Haswell's Text-Book of Zoölogy; Lang's Text-Book of Comparative
Anatomy; Korschelt and Heider's Embryology of Invertebrates.
The completion of Courses I and II and either III or IV will be
required of candidates for a diploma of graduation in the School of
Biology, and of those offering Biology as one of their electives for the
degree of Master of Arts. Courses III and IV will not both be given
the same year at present.
PH. D.
The more advanced work in Biology will be devoted chiefly to Vertebrate
Anatomy and Morphology, each of the systems of organs being
in turn critically studied; it will in substance be an extension of the
work of Course III. Such lectures will be given and such reading
assigned as may be deemed advisable, but the larger part of the work
will be done in the laboratory of the University and at such seaside or
other laboratories elsewhere as may be designated, the principal object
of the course being to train the student in methods of original investigation
while he is becoming acquainted with the present state of our
knowledge of the vertebrates and their allies. A knowledge of the
subject-matter of Course IV will also be required of students who
elect Biology as their major subject for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.
In addition to the Courses in Biology above described, provision is
made in this School for discussion, when called for, of one of the most
important of the practical applications of Biological Science. In this
connection the following course is offered:
V. Practical Biology and Agriculture.—The relations of Biology to
Agriculture are so manifold, and the subdivisions of the latter subject
so numerous, that it would be impossible to exhaust the discussion of
either in the work of any one year. A course consisting in part of
lectures and in part of an equivalent amount of practical work and
collateral reading will be offered yearly. It will include the discussion
or the parasites of plants, the natural history of cultivated varieties,
and the like); to Economic Zoölogy (such as the life-history and
treatment of injurious or beneficial insects, external or internal
parasites, the special anatomy and physiology of the domestic animals,
etc.); and to questions connected with the Principles of Agriculture
(such as the laws of growth and nutrition of crops, the drainage and
tillage of soils, systems of rotation and allied topics). The topics discussed
in such a course will be, to some extent, selected in accordance
with the objects in view of those electing it in any year. The following
suggested course will indicate a possible arrangement of subjects.
Text-Books for 1900-1901.—Sorauer's Physiology of Plants (Weiss tr.);
Tubeuf's Diseases of Plants induced by Cryptogamic Parasites (Smith tr.);
Chauveau's Anatomy of the Domestic Animals (Fleming tr.).
Candidates for a diploma of graduation in Biology and Agriculture
are required to complete Courses I, II, IV, and V.
Substitution of work fully equivalent in amount and character may
be made for the subjects published as requirements for either of the
graduations in this school from year to year in the case of any students
whose previous training or special aptitude give good reasons
therefor.
The Biological Laboratory, newly domiciled in a convenient suite of
rooms in the middle of the new Academic building, is well provided
with instruments for the gross and minute dissection of animals and
plants; microscopes, microtomes, reagents, and materials for the staining
and mounting of preparations; apparatus for photography and
microphotography, and other necessary appliances, not only for student
work, but for investigation and research as well. In addition to
the large and valuable collection of the Brooks Museum, an abundant
supply of other necessary specimens and material is furnished. A
library of reference is attached to the Laboratory, and students have
access to a number of leading biological and agricultural journals,
thus acquiring practice in the intelligent use of current literature.
SCHEDULE OF ACADEMIC LECTURES AND EXAMINATIONS
1900-1901.
| Mon.—Wed.—Fri. | Tues.—Thurs.—Sat. | |
| 9-10 | B. A. Latin. B. A. History. M. A. Romance. M. A. Geology. 20th Dec. A. M. 15th Mar. P. M. 1st June. |
A. Mathematics. B. A. Romance. B. A. Geology. M. A. Latin. 20th Dec. P. M. 15th Mar. A. M. 30th May. |
| 10-11 | B. A. German. B. A. Botany. [2] M. A. Romance. [2]M. A. Physics. [2]Analytical Chemistry. 21st Dec. A. M. 16th Mar. P. M. 4th June. |
B. A. Economics. M. A. Greek. M. A. German. [2]Analytical Chemistry. 21st Dec. P. M. 16th Mar. A. M. 28th May. |
| 11-12:30 | General Chemistry. [3] B. A. Mathematics (Sec. 1). M. A. History. M. A. Mathematics. 17th Dec. A. M. 11th Mar. P. M. 29th May. |
B. A. Greek. B. A. Physics. [3]B. A. Mathematics (Sec. 2). M. A. Literature. M. A. Mechanics. 17th Dec. P. M. 11th Mar. A. M. 31st May. |
| 12 30-1:30 | A. Latin. B. A. Mechanics. B. A. English. B. A. Comp. Anatomy. B. A. Astronomy. 18th Dec. A. M. 12th Mar. P. M. 5th June. |
[2]A. Greek. B. A. Literature. M. A. Astronomy. M. A. English. 18th Dec. P. M. 12th Mar. A. M. 27th May. |
| 1:30-2:30 | DINNER. | |
| 2:30-3:30 | B. A. Italian. [2]M. A. Biology. M. A. Spanish. 19th Dec. A. M. 13th Mar. P. M. 8th June. |
B. A. Spanish. Botanical Laboratory (2 hrs.) M. A. Italian. 19th Dec. P. M. 13th Mar. A. M. 6th June. |
| 3:30-5:00 | [4]
Logic and Psychology. Industrial Chemistry. M. A. Latin [Monday only]. 22nd Dec. A. M. 14th Mar. P. M. 3rd June. |
[4]Ethics and Philosophy. 22nd Dec. P. M. 14th Mar. A. M. 7th June. |
Classes marked with an asterisk are subject to change of hour if desirable.
Such change involves the corresponding change in the dates of examination.
ACADEMIC DEGREES.
The degree of Bachelor of Arts of the University of Virginia is
designed to secure in the candidate thorough and well-proportioned
general training in all of the great departments of human knowledge—
Ancient Languages, Modern Languages, History and Literature, Philosophy,
Mathematical Science, Experimental Science and Descriptive
Science. This degree is accordingly conferred upon a student who has
completed nine B. A. courses, selected from the following list, of which
at least one must be taken from each of the seven groups indicated,
the other two being chosen at will, except that if the student elects
both Latin and Greek, he is required to complete only eight B. A.
courses:
(For the convenience of students the days and hours of lectures, and
the page on which a detailed description will be found, are indicated.)
- Latin (Mon. Wed. Fri., 9 to 10 A. M., p. 60).
- Greek (Tues. Thurs. Sat., 11 to 12:30 A. M., p. 62).
I. ANCIENT LANGUAGES.
- French (Tues. Thurs. Sat., 9 to 10 A. M., p. 68).
- German (Mon. Wed. Fri., 10 to 11 A. M. p. 66).
- Italian (Mon. Wed. Fri., 2:30 to 3:30 P. M., p. 68).
- Spanish (Tues. Thurs. Sat., 2:30 to 3:30 P. M., p. 68).
II. MODERN LANGUAGES.
- General History (Mon. Wed. Fri., 9 to 10 A. M., p. 74).
- English Language (Mon. Wed. Fri., 12:30 to 1:30 P. M., p. 64).
- English Literature (Tues. Thurs. Sat., 12:30 to 1:30 P. M., p. 71).
III. HISTORY AND ENGLISH.
- Economics (Tues. Thurs. Sat., 10 to 11 A. M., p. 76).
- Logic and Psychology (Mon. Wed. Fri., 3:30 to 5 P. M., p. 77).
- Ethics and Philosophy (Tues. Thurs. Sat, 3:30 to 5 P. M., p. 77).
IV. PHILOSOPHICAL SCIENCES.
- Mathematics. Mon. Wed. Fri., 11 to 12:30 A. M., Sect. 1. (p. 77).
- Mathematics. Tues. Thurs. Sat., 11 to 12:30 A. M., Sect. 2. (p. 77).
- Astronomy (Mon. Wed. Fri., 12:30 to 1:30 P. M., p. 81).
- Mechanics (Mon. Wed. Fri., 12:30 to 1:30 P. M., p. 80).
V. MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES.
- Physics (Tues. Thurs. Sat., 11 to 12:30 A. M., p. 82).
- General Chemistry (Mon. Wed. Fri., 11 to 12:30 A. M., p. 83).
VI. EXPERIMENTAL SCIENCES.
- Botany (Mon. Wed Fri., 10 to 11 A. M., p. 90).
- Comparative Anatomy (Mon. Wed. Fri., 12:30 to 1:30 P. M., p. 91).
- Geology (Tues. Thurs. Sat., 9 to 10 A. M., p. 87).
VII. DESCRIPTIVE SCIENCES.
The degree of Master of Arts of the University of Virginia is
designed for students who desire to extend their work in certain
departments of learning, so as to lay a broader foundation for professional
study, to equip themselves for the work of teaching, or to prepare
for specialized lines of research in letters or science. It is conferred
upon a Bachelor of Arts who has been graduated in each of
four Schools, elected by himself and approved by the Faculty. The
utmost freedom of election will be encouraged in the arrangement of
these courses, subject to the condition that the four lines of advanced
work chosen shall be so related as to form a rationally connected
whole.
It is expressly ordered, however, that none of the work done for the
B. A. degree shall be counted again as part of the advanced work
required for the M. A. degree, nor shall the advanced work done for
the M. A. degree be counted also for the B. A. degree.
The preliminary degree required of candidates for the M. A. degree
may be that of this University or of some other chartered institution
of learning. But in the latter case the degree shall be submitted for
approval to the Faculty, who have absolute power to accept or reject
the degree offered. The candidate must in all cases be graduated in
the B. A. course in each school before he is admitted to the M. A.
course in that school. But this last condition may be waived by the
Faculty in favor of the candidate who evidences upon examination
adequate preliminary training to pursue with profit the M. A. course
simultaneously with the B. A. course of the school.
A Bachelor of Arts of any other chartered institution of learning
who enters this University as a candidate for the M. A. degree, must
submit to the Faculty a statement showing the four major studies in
which he proposes to pursue the M. A. courses, and five associated
minor studies, which would complete the requirements for the B. A.
and M. A. degrees. Under the regulations of the Visitors, he will be
required to pursue here both the B. A. and M. A. courses in the four
major studies. But in any or all of the five minor studies he will be
excused from attendance upon the regular B. A. courses upon presenting
his diploma and passing a SPECIAL EXAMINATION at this University
in such studies. This examination, which shall be held in writing,
will, in all cases, be of a practical character, designed to test the
permanent acquisition by the student of a sound general knowledge of
the several subjects. Bachelors of Arts who are deficient in any of
the minor studies may fill cut their schemes of study by attending the
regular B. A. courses at this University in those subjects and passing
the regular examinations.
The degree of Doctor of Philosophy of the University of Virginia
is offered to students who propose to devote their energies to special
the sciences. The candidate for this degree must hold the degree of
Bachelor of Arts, or other degree of like value from this University
or from some other college or university of good standing, or must
exhibit to the Faculty, by examination if necessary, satisfactory evidences
of having a collegiate education equivalent to that represented
by the degree of Bachelor of Arts of a college or university of good
standing. In the case that the applicant received his collegiate education
at an institution other than this, the Faculty will pass, if necessary,
upon the standing of the institution in question.
The preparation of the candidate for entrance upon Ph. D. courses
in the particular subjects selected shall be passed upon by the
Academic Faculty on the basis of a report from the professors in
charge of the schools involved. These professors may satisfy themselves
of such preparation by any test they see fit to apply, including
a formal examination if they deem this necessary.
The work required for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of the
University of Virginia shall in all cases embrace three subjects, viz., a
major subject, in which a dissertation is to be prepared, a cognate
minor, and an independent minor. The election of subjects shall in
all cases be submitted to the Academic Faculty for its approval at the
beginning of candidacy.
No time limit is set for the acquisition of this degree, except a minimum
time limit of three years of study therefor, after the acquisition
of the B. A. degree. The major subject shall be pursued during the
whole time, the first minor during at least two years, and the second
minor during at least one year.
Each candidate for the degree shall be required to possess a reading
knowledge of French and German, and such knowledge of subjects
considered fundamental as may be prescribed by the individual departments.
Each candidate shall be required to stand a final examination upon
the whole course covered in both major and minor studies.
Graduate work done in other universities of high standing shall be
accepted in lieu of resident work done here, provided sufficient evidence
is furnished that such work has been of a similar grade to that
required here, and has been satisfactorily performed; and provided
furthermore, that the last year of graduate work is done here. But a
candidate must obtain the special permission of the Faculty to apply
for this degree after only one year of resident study. It is also provided
that in the case of a professor in a chartered institution of learning
whose department embraces the studies elected by him, but one
year of residence is required.
On the completion of the approved courses of study the candidate
shall submit and present for his approval to the professor at the head
of the school in which his major study lies a dissertation showing
within the province of his major study; this dissertation must be
submitted not later than the first day of May immediately preceding
the Final Day on which the degree is sought; on its approval it must
be printed and fifty copies deposited in the Library of the University.
On the acceptance of the dissertation and the passage of the final
examinations the degree shall be conferred.
EXPENSES.
The necessary expenses at the University of a Virginia student in the
Academic Department may be estimated at from $190 a year upward,
according to the mode of living; for students from other States this
minimum should be increased by a sum ranging from $60 to $100 for
tuition fees. A fuller statement of expenses including the conditions
under which Virginia or other students are entitled to free tuition,
may be found on page 153.
Applicants for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy who are granted
the privilege of non-residence during a portion of their candidacy,
under conditions above stated, are required to pay the annual University
fee of $40 during such period of non-residence.
| University of Virginia | |