 | University of Virginia |  |
Department of Engineering.
| WILLIAM M. THORNTON, LL. D., | Professor of Applied Mathematics. |
| WILLIAM H. ECHOLS, B. S., C. E., | Professor of Mathematics. |
| FRANCIS H. SMITH, M. A., LL. D., | Professor of Physics. |
| JOHN W. MALLET, M. D., Ph. D., LL. D., F. R. S., | Prof. of Chemistry. |
| FRANCIS P. DUNNINGTON, B. S., | Professor of Analytical Chemistry. |
| WILLIAM M. FONTAINE, M. A., | Professor of Geology. |
| JAMES M. PAGE, A. M., Ph. D., | Associate Professor of Mathematics. |
| J. WALTER MAYO, | Assistant Instructor in Applied Mathematics. |
The Department of Engineering embraces the schools of Applied
Mathematics, Pure Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry,
and Geology. It offers in each of the four great divisions of
engineering—Civil, Mining, Mechanical, and Electrical—a complete
course of instruction in the scientific principles as well as in the
present practice of the profession.
The Preparation needed for the successful prosecution of the course
is an accurate knowledge of the elements of Algebra, Plane and Solid
Geometry, and Plane Trigonometry. For students possessing this
minimum of training the arrangement of the courses shown on the
scheme of studies given below is recommended. Men who enter with
advanced standing in Pure Mathematics and with earnest purpose
will be able to advance themselves more rapidly to graduation.
The Method of Instruction is by systematic lectures combined with
the study of suitable text-books, daily oral examinations on the contents
of lectures and text-books, and periodical written examinations
on the same. Associated with this formal instruction is a large volume
of practical exercises in the drawing-room, the field, and the
various laboratories and shops attached to the department—No student
is admitted to examination as a candidate for graduation until
these exercises have been duly performed.
The Equipment for the work of instruction is extensive and of the
best and most modern type. It embraces the laboratories of Chemistry
and of Physics, the museums of Geology and of Industrial Chemistry,
the Mechanical Laboratory, shops for work in wood and in
metal, a commodious drawing-room, and a fine selection of field instruments.
forging and founding, and of machines for tests of strength, elasticity
and rigidity, together with all the appliances for measurements of
power and efficiency, is new and carefully selected.
The Courses of Study in the general scientific subjects have been
fully explained in the earlier pages of this catalogue. In addition to
these a complete series of technical courses is offered, the details of
which are given below. In each of these, three lectures a week are
given and with the lectures suitable practical exercises are associated.
Each course is divided into three sections, terminating at the times
of the mid-winter, spring, and summer examinations. For graduation
the student is required not only to attend the lectures and perform
all the practical exercises but to pass the examinations also with a
grade not less than seventy-five per cent.
PROJECTIVE GEOMETRY.
This course, which is required of all students in the Department of
Engineering, is intended to familiarize the student with the use of
drafting instruments and the conventions of mechanical drawing, to
train him to accuracy and readiness in the constructive processes of
Plane and Solid Geometry, and to give him a large amount of thoughtful
exercise in the practical processes of machine design and building
construction.
1. Mechanical Drawing and Descriptive Geometry.
The work of the first term is devoted especially to the training of
the student in Mechanical Drawing, the use of drawing instruments
and practice in the solution at the drawing board of geometrical
problems in the plane and in space. It begins with the systematic
study of the constructive geometry of the plane, including problems
on lines and angles, triangles and quadrilaterals, the construction of
regular polygons, the division of lines and arcs, and the construction
of similar figures. The rules for the projection of prisms, pyramids,
cones, cylinders, and spheres are then studied, and their sections and
intersections are constructed. The descriptive geometry of the line
and the plane is next taken up, and the fundamental problems of
tangencies and intersections are solved for ruled surfaces and revolutes.
At the conclusion of the course the processes of graphical
arithmetic are explained and the methods of graphical addition and
subtraction, multiplication and division, involution and evolution, and
differentiation and integration are carefully taught and practised, and
instruction is given in the theory and use of the planimeter.
2. Building Construction.
The second term is devoted to a systematic exposition of the principles
and methods of general Building Construction. The subject
of foundations is discussed and illustrated by examples, and exercises
in the design of ordinary foundations, pile foundations, raft foundations,
coffer-dam foundations, and pneumatic foundations are carefully
worked out. The materials and processes of masonry construction
are then considered; the properties and preparation of building
stones and bricks, of limes and cements, of mortars and concretes are
explained; the specifications for stone and brick masonry are critically
considered and the methods for estimating quantities of material and
cost of workmanship are explained and practised. A similar discussion
follows for timber construction, and the carpentry of floors and
partitions, framing, roofs, ordinary timber bridges, trestles, and the
woodtrim of buildings is carefully criticised. The next section of the
course deals with iron and steel in their structural uses, the sources
and properties of the materials, the methods of manufacture, and the
assembling and fireproofing of modern skeleton steel structures. The
final division of the course is devoted to a discussion of the materials
and processes employed for roofing, plastering, painting, glazing,
paper-hanging and so on. Numerous exercises in drafting and design
accompany the course and are worked out in detail by the student.
In connection with these suitable instruction is also given in the
theory and practice of perspective and axonometric projections, and
of shades and shadows.
3. Machine Drawing and Design.
The third term is given to study and practice in Machine Drawing
and design. The conventional methods of representation for rivets,
bolts, screws, keys, gibs and cotters, and other fastenings are
explained and illustrated. The principal elements of machines are
then taken up and discussed in order, and the rules for proportioning
shafts and their journals, pulleys, toothed gears, cranks, connecting
rods, crank and wrist pins, cross-heads and their guides, pistons,
cylinders and so on are developed and applied. As in all other parts
of the course the exercises of the lecture room are paralleled by
practical examples at the drawing board, and each student is required
to execute a sheet of machine details designed by himself.
ENGINEERING GEODESY.
This course is required of all students of Civil or Mining Engineering.
Its aim is to teach the construction and use of the standard field
instruments of the engineer, the methods of field work, the best
and their use in the location of lines for roads, railways, sewers,
waterpipes, and so on, the mathematical processes for estimating
quantities—as lengths, angles, areas, volumes, velocities—the location
and construction of roads and railways, and the execution and maintenance
of works of municipal engineering.
1. Surveying.
The work of the first term is a systematic study of the standard
field instruments, their construction, adjustments, and uses in Surveying.
The class takes up in order, the chain and tape, the level
and levelling rod, the compass, the plain transit, the complete transit
with vertical arc, stadia wires and gradienter, and the current meter,
studies their details in the class-room and practises their use in the
field; the arrangement of the field notes and the methods of recording
observations are taught at the same time. The methods for
reducing the field notes are next taught and practised; elevations and
profiles are obtained, lengths and angles are computed, areas are estimated
from the notes and determined graphically and mechanically
from the map, volumes and discharges are computed, and the methods
of subdividing areas and determining the values of inaccessible
lengths, heights, and directions are taught. This section of the course
is concluded by the discussion and solution of the chief problems of
geodetic astronomy—the location of the true meridian and the
determination of the declination of the needle, the determination of
latitude, the determination of local time and of longitude, with a
degree of precision sufficient for the needs of the engineer. Suitable
attention is given at proper points in the course to field instruments
of minor importance, such as the hand level, the barometer, the plane
table, the sextant, and so on.
2. Railway Engineering.
The next term is devoted to the subject of Railway Engineering.
from the field notes of a preliminary survey, furnished by the methods
of surveying already discussed, the student is required to construct
a map of the line, to interpolate the contours, and to complete the
paper location. The methods of field location are then carefully developed
and abundant exercise is given in determining the elements of
simple, compound, and reverse curves, in the location of transition
curves, and in the computation and setting out of frogs, switches,
and turnouts. Methods of construction are then studied and the
details of earthwork, rockwork, tunneling, and trestling are carefully
discussed. Finally the problems connected with track work are considered,
and the cross-section of the roadbed, the ballast, the ties and
and ballasting, and the general questions connected with track construction
and maintenance are carefully reviewed.
3. Municipal Engineering.
The last division of the course deals with the chief topics of Municipal
Engineering. The questions connected with street pavements
are first examined and a careful exposition is given of the principles
of construction of driveways and sidewalks for city and suburban
streets, and incidentally for country highways. All the standard
forms of paving material are discussed with reference to their technical
and economical features, and the rational methods of constructing
the road bed, laying the pavement, and maintaining its surface
are developed. The problems of location and construction of street
railways also receive due consideration. The subject of water supplies
for cities is next taken up. The sources of supply and their sanitary
values are considered, together with the methods of collection, the
construction of storage and distributing reservoirs and their dams
and outlet-works, the processes of filtration and their economic and
sanitary relations, the design and construction of aqueducts and pipe
lines, and the distribution and measurement of individual supplies.
Finally, the sewerage and drainage of cities is discussed. Methods
are investigated for the removal of house sewage and of storm drainage,
and the rules of design of separate and combined sewers are
carefully expounded. The construction of pipe and brick sewers is
then explained, together with the manholes, flush tanks, syphons,
tide outlets, and other accessory works embraced in a sewage system,
and the problems of maintenance are considered. In conclusion the
questions of sewage disposal are concisely investigated and the principles
of the various methods in use with their sanitary and economic
relations receive due attention.
GENERAL MECHANICS.
This course is required of every student in the Department of
Engineering. The object is to convey such a knowledge of rational
and technical mechanics, as is essential for the correct understanding
of the problems of construction, and such facility in the analytical
and graphical methods of solution, and the processes of the testing
laboratory as will make the young engineer a competent guide in
questions of design.
1. Rational Mechanics.
The work of the first term is devoted to a careful survey of the fundamental
principles of Rational Mechanics. The synthetic method is
the object being to convey a sound knowledge of dynamical principles,
disentangled from extrinsic mathematical difficulties. For this purpose
a good text-book is minutely studied, several hundred simple exercises
are solved, and the progress of the student is tested by constant
examinations, oral and written. The course covers statics, the elementary
dynamics of a particle, hydrostatics, and hydraulics.
2. Strength of Materials.
The subject of Strength of Materials is taken as the work of the
second term. A careful analysis is made of the problems of stress
and strain for the cases of simple tension, compression, bending,
shearing, and twisting with due regard to all the normal arrangements
of load. The fundamental rules for strength and elasticity furnished
by this analysis are then applied to actual tests of materials in the
laboratory. The student performs for himself under the guidance of
the instructor actual tests of steel and iron, cast iron, timber, cements,
bricks, and building stones, and is required in addition to plan occasional
independent investigations, devise apparatus, execute the tests,
and report in writing his results. The problems of compound stress
are next examined and the more important of these are discussed in
detail; the shearing action in beams, the strength of columns, the
resistance of shafts to combined twisting and bending, and the strains
in compound and trussed girders are examined. Finally, the elements
of machines are considered and the rules of design for rivets, pins,
bolts, keys, journals, axles, cranks, connecting rods, pipes, cylinders,
cross-heads, guide bars, and so on, are deduced and applied.
3. Graphical Statics.
During the last term the attention of the student is directed to the
determination of the straining actions in the elementary members of
structures, and the practical design of the simpler examples. Use is
made of analytical processes, but especial attention is given to the
methods of Graphical Statics. The determination of stress in the
ordinary classes of foundations is first taken up. Next follows the
study of the strength and stability of walls and piers, of reservoir
dams for water, and of retaining walls for earth. The design of
stone arches and their abutments for both highway and railway
bridges is next studied. The course then passes on to deduce the
constructive rules for simple beams as employed for the floors of
buildings and bridges, either as joists or girders, and in both timber
and steel. The construction and design of roof trusses, both of timber
and of steel, is next taken up. Finally, as complete a study is
made as the limitations of time will permit of the ordinary forms of
bridge construction for both highway and railway bridges, under both
out in class for a timber-trussed bridge, a plate-girder bridge, and
one or more steel-trussed bridges. In addition to the work done in
the class-room every student is required to make for himself an independent
analysis of one example of each type of structure discussed.
Illustrations are drawn through the entire course from current engineering
practice and an abundance of such practical exercises serves
to add vitality and utility to the instruction given.
ADVANCED MECHANICS.
This course, which is required of students of civil, mechanical, and
electrical engineering, gives a fuller and more analytical treatment of
rational mechanics, and is extended to cover its application to thermodynamics
and the thermodynamical theory of heat engines, and to
hydrodynamics and the theory of hydraulic motors.
1. Analytical Mechanics.
The work of the first term consists of a course in Analytical
Mechanics, developed by the aid of the higher mathematical processes,
with especial reference to the dynamics of a particle and of a rigid
body. The laws of motion, force, and energy, already studied under
a more elementary aspect, are restated in the forms furnished by the
infinitesimal calculus, and applied to produce the general equations
of motion and equilibrium for the particle, for the material system,
for rigid bodies, and for elastic bodies. From these general equations
are developed the more interesting special problems of advanced
mechanics—the theories of projectile motion in vacuo and in air, of
planetary and other orbital motions, of the rotation of rigid bodies
about fixed axes, and fixed centres, of the potential and of attractions,
and of elastic equilibrium.
2. Thermodynamics.
During the second term the subject of Thermodynamics is studied.
The general equations of heat energy are established and are first
applied to the investigation of the thermal behavior of air and other
so-called permanent gases. The forms of the various thermal curves for
such gases are studied, the theories of the hot air engine, the compressed
air engine, and the air compressor are developed, and the
laws of efflux of air from orifices and through pipes are investigated.
The same methods are next applied to the study of steam and other
vapours, with particular reference to the theories of the steam engine
and the ice machine. The processes for tracing the heat losses in
effects of jacketing, superheating, and compounding are analyzed, and
their results upon steam engine economy are exhibited. Practical
laboratory methods for determining the humidity of the steam, the
indicated power of the engine, the brake horse-power, the steam consumption,
and the rejected heat are developed and applied in actual
tests by the student. Finally the thermodynamic analysis is applied
to the internal combustion motor. The cycles of all forms which have
received successful practical development are minutely studied. The
methods for testing the available energy, the indicated and the useful
work of the actual gas engine, and the heat losses are explained, and
the use illustrated by experimental application.
3. Hydrodynamics.
A course in Hydrodynamics constitutes the work of the last term.
The principles of hydrostatics are first restated in more comprehensive
form. The general equations of fluid motion are then developed
in their classical forms, and applied to investigate the more interesting
cases of irrotational, wave and vortex motion. The fundamental
principles of hydraulics are next established and the laws of flow
from orifices, notches, nozzles, pipes, and canals are studied, with
due regard to the data of experiment and the conditions of practice.
Finally the laws of impact and reaction between fluids and solids
are studied, the rules of construction and operation of water pressure
engines, water wheels, turbines, centrifugal pumps and reciprocating
pumps are developed, and the results obtained are applied to the
problems of utilizing natural water powers and designing hydraulic
machinery.
CIVIL ENGINEERING.
This course is devoted to the development of subjects of peculiar
importance for the civil engineer, which have not been adequately
treated in the earlier sections of his studies. These are the statical
analysis of structures, especially of the more intricate types, the
design of structural details, and the problems of river engineering.
1. Roofs and Bridges.
The work of the first term is devoted to the statical analysis of
structures. The principles of analysis, already developed in the
course of General Mechanics and applied to the simpler forms of
roofs and bridges, are restated and extended. The continuous girder,
the cantilever, the swing bridge, the braced arch, and the suspension
bridge are studied and their straining actions are determined. Complete
in the class, examples being selected by preference from the current
practice of engineers. The collateral questions growing out of the
location of bridges are also examined and the principles involved in
determining the strength of the foundation, the stability of the
stream bed, the amplitude of the water way, and discharge of the
flood waters are reviewed.
2. Structural Details.
The second term of the course is directed to the design of structural
details in the constructions analyzed in the earlier division of
the work. Riveted connections, pin joints, column sections, stiffened
tension members, standard types of portal and sway bracing, plain
and expansion pedestals, and all the usual details of roof and bridgework
in timber and steel are critically studied. Complete bills of
material are prepared for a number of structures, and each student
is required to develop independently an entire design and to offer
as part of his graduating work a descriptive memoir, giving all the
requisite calculations and accompanied by the usual general and
detailed drawings. In the preparation of such details a standard
practice of our best American designers is carefully observed, and
the student is familiarized with their established conventions.
3. River Engineering.
During the third term the attention of the class is directed to the
great problems of river engineering and its modern developments.
The methods of gauging the flow of streams and determining the
normal and flood discharges are first discussed. The problems of
flood control, levee construction and maintenance, rectification of the
stream bed and protection of the banks are next considered. The
subject of canalization of rivers is then taken up, and the design and
construction of locks and their appurtenances, of movable dams and
navigation passes, and of fixed weirs, are expounded in the light of
rational theory and standard practice. The location and construction
of artificial canals and river diversions are treated in this connection
and illustrated from the great enterprises of recent engineering history.
The methods for the improvement of the mouths of tidal and
tideless rivers are next explained and the relative utilities of training
walls, jetties and dredging operations are defined. Finally the subjects
of the reclamation of swamps and the irrigation of arid lands
are taken up and treated with as much completeness as the limitations
of time permit.
MINING ENGINEERING.
In this course such adequate knowledge of mine surveying, road and
railway construction, and pure and applied mechanics and hydraulics,
as has been given by the earlier sections of the mining courses is presupposed,
and the student is carried forward to the immediate consideration
of those technical subjects which belong to the exclusive
domain of the mining engineer.
1. Exploitation of Mines.
The studies of the first term may be included under the general title
of the Exploitation of Mines. They begin with a general survey and
classification of ore deposits, especial reference being had to the
mineral wealth of the United States. The subject of prospecting is
next taken up and a full account is given of the methods of sinking
exploratory borings and the machinery used for that purpose. The
operations connected with shaft sinking are next studied, including
the methods of excavation, the use of timber for sustaining the walls,
the construction of permanent masonry linings, and the methods of
sinking shafts through highly aquiferous strata. The processes of
tunneling are then reviewed in the same manner and the location of
shafts and tunnels is explained. Finally the various methods of
extracting the ore and timbering the workings are discussed in full,
both for underground mines and for surface workings and placer
deposits.
2. Mining Machinery.
During the second term attention is directed to those mining operations
which involve the use of the various classes of mining machinery.
The question of transportation is first studied and the various
methods of hauling by chutes, carts, locomotives, stationary engines,
and cable conveyors are explained. Hoists and hoisting machinery are
then discussed, the mechanical principles involved are developed, and
rules for design are deduced. The problem of mine drainage is
next examined, the economic advantages of drainage tunnels are
weighed, and the construction of mine pumps and the general design
of pumping machinery are taught. Mine ventilation is next discussed,
the amounts of air to be moved being estimated, the resistance computed,
the power of the ventilating machines or furnaces determined
and the effects of natural ventilation explained; incidentally the subjects
of lighting the works and mine explosions are considered.
Finally, the principal types of prime movers employed for operating
the machinery of mines are discussed, the general lay-out of the
are developed, their economic advantages compared, and the methods
of power transmission are reviewed.
3. Ore Dressing.
The processes of ore dressing constitute the general topic for the
remainder of the course. The appliances used for washing the ore
are first discussed and their mode of action and utility are explained.
The various methods for drying the ores or roasting them, if desired,
are next considered and their effects are studied. Machinery for
crushing the ore is then taken up and the processes by which it is
brought to the requisite degree of fineness are examined. The appliances
used in picking, sorting and screening the ores are next
described. Lastly the methods of concentration and the devices
employed to effect it are explained and discussed. In each section of
the course illustrations as copious as possible are introduced, drawn
by preference from the practice of American engineers, and in concluding
the lectures a series of descriptions of complete ore-dressing
plants is given. These are arranged to cover the chief developments
of mining enterprise in the United States and to make clear to the
student the approved methods of coördinating the various operations
which have been already separately analyzed and described.
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING.
The subjects embraced in this course are those which may be considered
as belonging especially or exclusively to the province of the
mechanical engineer. They are treated under the following divisions:
1. Steam Power Plants.
The topics assigned to the first term are such as relate to the general
organization and layout of modern steam power plants. The analysis
of fuels, their heating power, their combustion, and the furnaces in
which they are burned, are first considered. The construction of
boilers is next taken up and the forms of setting, the materials used
in their construction, the design of the joints and attachments, and
the determination of the proportions of the boiler for a given duty
are carefully studied. The principal types of steam engine are then
discussed, the conditions determining the choice of high or low speed,
simple or compound, condensing or non-condensing engines are developed,
and the rules for fixing their general proportions are investigated.
The design of the condenser is next studied, its standard forms
are described and illustrated, its proportion established, and the conditions
of its utility are defined. Finally the methods of testing a
thermometers, gauges, calorimeters, indicators, dynamometers
and so on employed in the tests are discussed, and the methods
of standardizing and using them are established. A complete set of
laboratory exercises in the performance of such tests is given, and the
student is made familiar with the standard methods of testing, and
practised in the reduction and analysis of the results.
2. Steam Engine Design.
The work of the second term consists in a systematic study of the
problem of steam engine design. A type of engine having been
selected from the results reached in the first division of the work,
rules are developed from rational principles and experimental data
for the correct proportions of all its details—cylinders and cylinder
ends, pistons and piston rods, wrist pins, crank pins, connecting rods,
shafts, cranks, cross heads, guides, and so on. The indicated diagram
of the projected engine and the resulting energy curves are next
studied, the weight and proportions of the fly-wheel are determined,
and the inertia strains on the frame and foundations of the engine
are ascertained and allowed for. The laws of construction and operation
of the governor are next developed and rules are worked out
for the design of governors of all the standard types. The problems
of valve gearing are then approached and solved by both analytical
and graphical processes, all the usual forms of gearing being minutely
discussed. In conclusion the internal resistances of the engine are
investigated, together with the methods of lubrication, and the losses
of energy from friction, and the probable brake horse-power is determined
for various steam pressures and speeds. The course in design
is followed by the student not only in the lectures, but in practical
exercises at the drawing board, so arranged as to furnish by their
results a complete set of steam engine details.
3. Transmission of Power.
In the last section of the course are considered the problems connected
with the transmission of power. Shaft transmissions are first
studied, their proportions are determined, the losses of energy to
which they are subjected are estimated, and the methods of testing
these by means of suitable transmission dynamometers are explained.
Like investigations follow for belt, rope and teledynamic transmissions;
for transmission by toothed gear; and for hydraulic and pneumatic
transmissions. Illustrations drawn from current engineering
practice are used to give definiteness to the student's conceptions of
these important applications of engineering theory. The attempt is
of transmission and to fix the economic limits of its application.
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING.
The course in electrical engineering presupposes such a knowledge
of the fundamental principles of electricity and magnetism as is
furnished by the studies of the School of Natural Philosophy. It
relies on the Physical Laboratory also for practice in the more refined
methods of electrical testing, and for the use of the more delicate
forms of electrical apparatus. The work undertaken in the engineering
department is directed to the analysis and design of dynamo-electric
machinery in its ordinary commercial forms, to the construction
and maintenance of electrical power plants and transmission systems,
and to those practical methods of testing which are of primary value
and constant use in electrical engineering.
1. Constant Currents and Constant Current Machinery.
The work of the first term deals with the constant current dynamo,
basing itself upon the accepted definitions and laws of electrical phenomena
without aiming to review their experimental foundations or
their mathematical proofs. A practical study of resistances, currents,
and electro-motive forces in simple and compound circuits, introduces
the student to the analysis and design of the constant current
generator. Rules are developed for determining the proportions of
the armature and its winding, the dimensions and windings of the
field magnets, the size of the magnet frame, and the commutators
and brushes, and for computing the probable electrical and commercial
efficiencies of the finished machine. These rules are applied
to various standard types of dynamo and made the basis of practical
detailed designs. A similar study is made of the constant current
motor, illustrations being drawn here also from the details of actual
machines. Parallel with the lecture room course on dynamo design
will be given a laboratory course on testing constant current dynamos,
determining the characteristic curves of the machines, measuring
their electrical and commercial efficiencies, analyzing the losses of
energy, and investigating resistances and leaks on electrical circuits.
2. Alternating Currents and Alternating Current Machinery.
Attention is next directed to the study of alternating currents and
alternating current machinery. The investigation of the laws of the
alternating current is first pursued, and the analytical and graphical
methods of determining current and potential are worked out in a
solution of actual problems of distribution. The theory of the alternate
current transformer is next approached, and the laws of the
mutual interaction of the primary and secondary currents are fully
developed. These laws are then applied to the analysis of standard
types of transformer, to the development of rules for testing transformers,
and to the design of transformers for a given output.
Finally the study of alternating generators and motors is attacked,
and the methods of design, construction, and test for the leading types
of these machines are developed.
3. Transmission of Electrical Energy.
During the last term the various problems arising out of the transmission
of electrical energy and its utilization are considered. The
general organization of electrical power plants, the arrangement of
the engines and dynamos, and the appliances for registering the output
are discussed. The layout of the electric light system is studied,
the dimensioning of the cables, the disposition and balance of the
lamps, and the economic relation of the several systems of transmission
are considered. The subject of electric traction for railways is
next taken up, and the construction of the motors and cars, the dimensioning
and erection of the cables, and the efficiency of the systems
are examined. Electrical systems for the distribution of power in
mills and factories are then investigated and compared as to efficiency
and economy with the older methods by use of shafting, belting, gears,
and so on. Finally, the subject of long-distance electric transmissions
is studied and the economic and scientific features of this method of
utilizing the powers of nature are carefully investigated.
| Civil Engineering. |
Mining Engineering. |
Mechanical Engineering. |
Electrical Engineering. |
| Mathematics A. Projective Geometry. Chemistry. |
Mathematics A. Projective Geometry. Chemistry. |
Mathematics A. Projective Geometry. Chemistry. |
Mathematics A. Projective Geometry. Chemistry. |
| Mathematics B. Engineering Geodesy. Physics. |
Mathematics B. Engineering Geodesy. Physics. |
Mathematics B. Mechanics. Physics. |
Mathematics B. Mechanics. Physics. Electricity A. |
| Mathematics C. Mechanics. Geology. |
Analytical Chemistry. Mechanics. Geology. |
Mathematics C. Advanced Mechanics. |
Mathematics C. Advanced Mechanics. Electricity B. |
| Advanced Mechanics. Civil Engineering. |
Mining Engineering. Industrial Chemistry. Mineralogy & Geology. |
Mechanical Engineer'g Industrial Chemistry. |
Electrical Engineering Industrial Chemistry. |
| Mon. Wed. Fri. | Tues. Thurs. Sat. | |
| 9-10 | Civil Engineering. Geology (M. A.) |
Mechanical Engineering. General Geology. Mathematics (A.) |
| 10-11 | Projective Geometry. Analytical Chemistry. Electricity (B.) |
Engineering Geodesy. Electricity (A.) Analytical Chemistry. |
| 11-12½ | B. A. Mathematics I. M. A. Mathematics. General Chemistry. Mining Engineering. |
B. A. Mathematics II. General Physics. Electrical Engineering. |
| 12½-1½ | General Mechanics. | Advanced Mechanics. |
| 2½-5 | Shop Work. Laboratory Work. Field Work. Drawing. |
|
The degrees of Civil Engineer, Mining Engineer, Mechanical
Engineer and Electrical Engineer are awarded to students who
pass successfully in all the required studies of the above programme
of courses, not only attaining the requisite grades upon examination,
but performing also the assigned practical exercises. Students who
are unable to give the time needed for the completion of a degree
course will receive individual certificates and diplomas in such studies
as they successfully pursue.
The expenses of a student in this department are annually:
| University Fee, | $40 |
| Tuition (in three classes), | 75 |
| Books and Drawing Materials (average), | 20 |
| Living ($15 to $30 a month—average), | 200 |
| Total, | $335 |
Virginians save $50 in tuition, which reduces the average to $285
and the minimum to $220.
| University of Virginia | |