 | University of Virginia |  |
Department of Medicine.
| JOHN W. MALLET, M. D., Ph. D., LL. D., F. R. S., | |
| Professor of Chemistry. | |
| ALBERT H. TUTTLE, M. S., | Professor of Biology. |
| WILLIAM G. CHRISTIAN, M. D., | Professor of Anatomy and Surgery. |
| PAUL B. BARRINGER, M. D., LL. D., | |
| Professor of Physiology and Materia Medica. | |
| AUGUSTUS H. BUCKMASTER, M. D., | |
| Professor of Gynecology, Obstetrics, and Practice of Medicine. | |
| JOHN STAIGE DAVIS, M. A., M. D., | Professor of Pathology. |
| FRANCIS P. DUNNINGTON, B. S., | Professor of Practical Chemistry. |
| WILLIAM A. LAMBETH, M. D., | Lecturer on Hygiene. |
| HUGH T. NELSON, M. D., | |
| Instructor in Clinical Surgery. | |
| EDWARD M. MAGRUDER, M. D., | Instructor in Physical Diagnosis. |
| WILLIAM M. RANDOLPH, M. D., | Instructor in Genito-Urinary Surgery. |
| H. S. HEDGES, M. A., M. D., | Instructor in Ophthalmic Surgery. |
| LYMAN SKEEN, Jr., M. D., | |
| Demonstrator of Medical Biology and Pathology. | |
| W. J. HUMPHREYS, B. A., C. E., Ph. D., | Instructor in Physics. |
| JAMES B. BULLITT, M. D., | Demonstrator of Anatomy. |
| D. R. LYMAN, M. D., | Assistant Demonstrator of Anatomy. |
| G. R. LIVERMORE, M. D., | Assistant Demonstrator of Anatomy. |
| TRIGANT BURROW, M. D., | |
| Assistant Demonstrator of Histology and Pathology. | |
| C. C. WHOLEY, M. D., | |
| Assistant Demonstrator of Histology and Pathology. | |
| H. M. ROBERTSON, | Assistant Demonstrator of Histology. |
| J. A. B. SINCLAIR, | Assistant Demonstrator of Histology. |
| T. HENRY BRENNEMAN, | Dispensary Pharmacist. |
| P. E. EBERSOLE, | Clinical Assistant in Medicine. |
| WILLIAM WERTENBAKER, | Clinical Assistant in Obstetrics. |
| N. P. COCKE, | Clinical Assistant in Surgery. |
| W. L. POWELL, | Clinical Assistant in Physical Diagnosis. |
| A. F. TOOLE, | Clinical Assistant in Genito-Urinary Surgery. |
| C. M. HAWES, | Clinical Assistant in Ophthalmic Surgery. |
| J. ADAIR LYON, | Student-Assistant in Medical Physics. |
SESSIONS AND COURSES OF STUDY IN THE
DEPARTMENT OF MEDICINE.
Attention is called to the fact that the course has been extended
to four years, and provision has been made for the erection
and equipment of a Hospital, with extension of clinical
instruction in connection therewith.
Attention may also with propriety be directed to the fact that
while those giving clinical instruction are in every case active
practitioners of medicine and surgery, who in each instance
devote special attention to the subjects immediately assigned to
their care at the clinics, the great majority of the professors and
instructors in the Medical Department of the University of Virginia
owe their entire time throughout the session to the University,
and devote it to lecture and laboratory teaching; and
that in consequence of this fact the instruction given to medical
students has always been characterized by a marked degree of
efficiency. It is largely to this feature, which has been peculiar
to this institution since the opening of its Medical Department in
1827, that the recognized high standing of its graduates is due.
It is also noteworthy that the large personal element entering
into the methods of teaching here in vogue, render auxiliary
instruction at the hands of private parties unnecessary. While
carefully selected and competent licentiates are appointed by
the Medical Faculty and empowered by that body to give private
lessons to those who desire them and choose to pay for
them, no intelligent and industrious student need be at any
expense whatever for instruction beyond the payment of the
regular tuition fees. Any one who faithfully performs, day by
day, the work assigned him, will, unless wanting in capacity,
succeed in satisfying the conditions for his degree.
The work of each of the four years of the course in Medicine continues
through the full nine months of the University session, beginning
on the fifteenth day of September and closing on the Saturday
immediately preceding the fifteenth day of the following June. The
studies included are arranged as follows:
During the first session: Chemistry (with an introductory
course upon the principles of Chemical Physics); Biology (Comparative
Anatomy and Normal Histology); Descriptive Anatomy;
and Practical Physics.
During the second session: Physiology; Bacteriology; General
Pathology; Regional Anatomy; Hygiene; and Practical Chemistry.
During the third session: Embryology; Obstetrics; Practice of
Medicine; Surgery; Special Pathology and Clinical Diagnosis;
Materia Medica; and Dispensary Clinic.
During the fourth session: Practice of Medicine; Therapeutics;
Clinical Surgery; Dermatology; Diseases of the Eye and Ear;
Gynecology and Medical Jurisprudence; Dispensary and Hospital
Clinic.
An examination of this system will show that the work of the first
year is given to those sciences which are fundamental to the entire
work of the remaining part of the course; that of the second year
includes the study of those sciences, more distinctively medical, which
are based upon the work of the previous year, while they in turn
underlie the more strictly professional subjects of study; these latter
are begun in the second year, while the third and fourth years are
devoted wholly to them. The larger part of the work of the first year
is accompanied by practical work in the laboratory and the dissecting-room;
the same is true in great measure of the work of the second
year, while in the third, and especially the fourth year, the time of
the student is devoted largely to practical clinical instruction. The
facilities afforded by the University for such work will be more fully
described in the statements which follow concerning the different
subjects included in the course.
Methods of Instruction.—The instruction is given by systematic
lectures and frequent oral examinations, with associated practical
work in Anatomy, Physics and Chemistry, Histology, Bacteriology,
Pathology, and Obstetrics. The oral examinations on the subjects of
the previous lectures are of great value in stimulating the student to
regular and systematic habits of study, and furnishing the professor
an opportunity of discovering and removing difficulties met with by
the student.
Admission to the First Year of the Course.—The policy of the University
of Virginia has not hitherto included formal entrance examinations
as a condition of admission to the work of either of its principal
Departments. In conformity, however, with the usage of the
leading Medical Schools throughout the country, and in coöperation
with the general movement among those interested, looking toward
the requirement of a liberal education as a prerequisite to entrance
upon the work of the medical profession, the Faculty of the Department
of Medicine announce their intention of requiring in future
evidence of adequate preparation for the work of this Department of
the University. They will for the present ask of each applicant for
admission to the first year in the course in Medicine proof of a good
general education, to be demonstrated by the presentation of a baccalaureate
degree from an institution of collegiate rank, or a certificate
of good standing in the classes of such an institution; a diploma
of graduation from a good high school, either public or private, or
a personal testimonial from the principal of such an institution; or, if
to satisfy this condition by one of the methods above indicated, will
be excluded, except in doubtful cases when they may be admitted by
a special vote of the Faculty of Medicine, subject to the condition that
any deficiency shall be removed before the student so admitted proceeds
to the work of the second year. Students who present a baccalaureate
degree on entrance will, for the present, be entitled to the
privileges of undertaking the studies of the second year together with
those of the first year. Students entering the Medical Department
of this University from other medical schools are considered students
of the first year until they have passed the examinations mention d
in the following paragraph.
Relations of the Student in the Second and Succeeding Years.
Students who pass a satisfactory examination on the subjects studied
during the first session are not required to attend the lectures or stand
the examinations on these subjects the second year; but if a student
fail to pass a satisfactory examination at the regular time on one or
more of the subjects included in the first year's course, he will be permitted
to take such subject or subjects over during the second year,
without the payment of any additional fee. Like rules apply to the
passage of the student from the second to the third, and from the
third to the fourth session. Provided, however, that no student whose
failure to pass a satisfactory examination at the regular time shall
extend to all the subjects of a given year will be permitted to go on to
the work of the succeeding year; he will be required to confine himself
to a repetition of the work of the year on which he has failed—
and no student will be allowed to undertake the work of the third or
fourth year until he has completed that of the first, save in both
instances by special consent of the Medical Faculty based in each
instance on a careful examination of the student's real interests.
Certificates of Attendance.—No one will receive a certificate as a
regular student of the Department of Medicine in this University
unless he has attended the whole regular course of one or more of the
four years.
Requirements for Graduation.—No student is permitted to graduate
from the University of Virginia with the degree of Doctor of Medicine
till he shall have attended the regular course of not less than four
years in this institution, and passed a satisfactory examination on all
the subjects included in the Medical course, unless, in lieu of either
the first or second year's study here, he shall have attended one course
of lectures of not less than seven months, or two courses of less than
seven months each, in some other reputable medical school, in which
case he may apply for graduation at the end of his third or second
pass a satisfactory examination at this University on all the subjects
heretofore mentioned as included in the medical course. A student
who is already a graduate in Medicine of some other reputable medical
school may be received as a student in this University of the fourth
year.
The Graduating Examinations are in writing (accompanied in some
subjects by individual practical examinations) and of a rigorous character.
Two sets of these are held each year—one near the close of the
session, after the completion of the lecture courses; the other at the
beginning of the next session. To the latter are admitted—
(a) Students of the previous session who from illness or other cause
approved by the Faculty were unable to present themselves for examination.
These may be examined on any part of the course, and will
not be required to matriculate anew.
(b) Students who at the close of the preceding session have passed satisfactory
examinations on at least one of the studies pursued during
that session, and have attained on one or more of the remaining subjects
such a grade (but little lower than that required for graduation)
as the faculty may approve. This slightly lower grade must have
been reached on the particular subject or subjects on which the student
presents himself for re-examination.
(c) Students who present certificates of attendance on one or two seven-months'
courses or their equivalent at some other reputable medical
school.
Students falling under classes (b) and (c), after first matriculating and
then passing the Fall examinations on the studies of the preceding
one or two sessions, may proceed to the work of the second year, or
to that of the third year, without attending the lectures on or passing
further examinations in, the studies of the preceding session or
sessions, except the general examination which immediately precedes
graduation.
☞These Fall examinations begin within one week from the opening of the
session, and are to be completed not later than the first of October.
Written notice of intention to stand these examinations must be filed
with the Chairman of the Medical Faculty on or before the eighteenth
of September.
No special examination will be given in the Department of Medicine
except under extraordinary circumstances, to be carefully weighed by
the Medical Faculty.
Any professor of the Medical Department may exclude from his
examination any student whose irregularity of attendance or neglect
of practical work warrants, in the professor's judgment, such exclusion.
A General Examination is held each year prior to graduation (at
the close of the session) on all the different branches on which the
candidate for graduation has passed during either that session or some
preceding one. This is intended to test the permanent acquisition of
such general knowledge as every practitioner of medicine should possess.
CHEMISTRY.
| Professor Mallet, | Professor Dunnington. |
| Dr. Humphreys. |
In this course the students are taught Chemical Physics and the
general principles of Chemistry, and are carried through a course of
Descriptive Chemistry, inorganic and organic; their attention is
directed, whenever an occasion presents itself, to the application of
chemical principles to Physiology, the Practice of Medicine, Therapeutics,
Toxicology, and Sanitary Science.
Text-Books.—Witthaus' Chemistry; Syllabus of the Professor's lectures.
For reference: Charles' Physiological and Pathological Chemistry; Wormley's
Micro-Chemistry of Poisons.
A course of laboratory exercises in Practical Physics with especial
relation to the needs of the medical student is given by Dr. Humphreys,
and a like course in Practical Chemistry is given by Professor
Dunnington. These form a part of the prescribed general course in
Medicine.
MEDICAL BIOLOGY.
| Professor Tuttle, | Dr. Wholey, |
| Dr. Skeen, | Mr. Robertson, |
| Dr. Burrow, | Mr. Sinclair. |
Under this title are grouped, for convenience, the lectures in the
courses described below, the whole forming a continuous series of
three lectures a week throughout the first year of the Medical course.
Each lecture is accompanied by two hours of practical work in the
laboratory illustrative of the topics discussed. The laboratory is convenient,
well lighted, and amply equipped; forty-eight desks are provided
with microscopes, accessory apparatus, and all necessary
reagents, and the class is divided into working sections not exceeding
and apparatus issued as needed from time to time. Each student is
required to provide himself with a set of dissecting instruments, and
with slides, covers, and labels for microscopical preparations; all other
appliances are provided by the laboratory without charge.
Comparative Anatomy.—The lectures of the first three months are
devoted to the discussion of the comparative anatomy of vertebrates,
the thoracic and abdominal viscera being chiefly considered; the student,
in the meantime, dissecting and studying a series of animals
representative of the principal sub-divisions of the group. The objects
of the course are to give such fundamental morphological conceptions
and such general anatomical knowledge as shall pave the way for the
detailed and specific study of Human Anatomy; to familiarize the student
with the normal appearance of healthy organs and tissues as seen
immediately after death; and to lay the foundation for the subsequent
intelligent study of Histology and of Physiology. The dissections are
supplemented by demonstrations and the study of permanent preparations
illustrative of features of importance.
Text-Book.—None is required at present. Parker's Zoötomy is recommended
for laboratory use, and Wiedersheim's Comparative Anatomy of
Vertebrates (Parker's Translation) for collateral reading.
Histology.—The lectures of the ensuing months are devoted to the
allied subjects of Histology and Histological Anatomy. In the first
part of the course the tissues and their component elements are carefully
examined, both singly and in their primary aggregates, as are
also those organs which consist largely of one form of tissue. The
remainder of the course is devoted to an examination of the more
complex organs and systems of organs, their constituent tissues and
the relations between them being studied. While the primary object
of the course is the imparting of clear and accurate knowledge of the
minute structure of the body, due attention is paid to the technique
which is necessary as a means to that end; students are therefore
carefully trained in the use of the microscope and in histological
processes, including the selection and preparation of material, the
making and mounting of sections, and their subsequent study.
Text-Book.—The Professor's Elements of Histology. For reference:
Schaefer's Essentials of Histology; Piersol's Normal Histology; Clarkson's
Text-Book of Histology.
The attainments of the student in each of the divisions of the course
are tested by both written and practical examinations; his standing
for the year is determined by an average of all the marks received.
Diligent use of the opportunities afforded in the laboratory is essential
who are persistently irregular and negligent of their work will not be
admitted to the examinations.
ANATOMY.
| Professor Christian, | Dr. Lyman, |
| Dr. Bullitt, | Dr. Livermore. |
Descriptive Anatomy.—The instruction is given by didactic lectures,
combined with the course of Practical Anatomy as taught in the Dissecting
Hall. The endeavor throughout is to render the teaching as
completely practical as possible; no statement is made that is not illustrated
by its exhibition, either on actual dissection or on the preparation
of a dissection, the effort being to convey knowledge by the
so-called natural method—that is, by mental imagery formed by
repeated observations of nature. This is accomplished by exhibiting
to the student and requiring him to handle the dissected parts and
preparations made thereform. The equipment of the School for this
purpose is most ample. Particular attention is called to the fact that
in describing the more minute anatomical structures—such as brain,
cranial nerves, etc.—cuts and diagrams are not relied upon, as is too
often the case, but careful dissections are yearly made and demonstrated
to the class.
Practical Anatomy.—For this course dissecting material, obtained
under the permissive law of the State, is abundantly supplied without
cost to the student. Attendance in the dissecting room is compulsory,
a strict record being kept in the case of each student. Every student
is required to dissect on all parts of the human body. Two subjects
are dissected; the first for muscles and fascias; the second for arteries
and nerves. Not more than five dissecting clubs (of eight men each)
are admitted to the hall at one time. A Demonstrator for each club
superintends the dissections, directing the work of the individual student;
and, afterwards, accurately and carefully explaining every dissection
to his club. After this careful preparation, besides the ordinary
oral and written examinations, each student is required to stand
nine practical examinations, one upon osteology, four upon different
parts of the muscular system, two on the viscera, one on the ligaments,
and one on the vessels and nerves. These examinations are oral and
private, each student being questioned alone, and required not only to
state the origin and insertion of muscles, the beginning, termination
and relations of blood vessels, nerves, etc., but to point out or demonstrate
each fact. They are thus a perfect test of the student's practical
acquaintance with the gross structure of the human body.
Regional Anatomy.—This subject is taught to second course students
by the same practical methods as are described above.
The important bony landmarks, lines of blood vessels, nerves and
muscles are carefully described and their positions verified by dissections
made before the class. Special attention is paid to the study
of the landmarks of the skull, neck, chest, and abdomen, and all the
structures in, or bearing relation to, the more important joints. Inguinal
and femoral hernia, the perineum and pelvis, are described with
special reference to the surgery of these parts. Cross sections of the
upper and lower extremities of the neck are made at different levels
and described to the student, who are afterwards required to stand
practical examinations on these parts. The course, in fact, is a comprehensive
review of the facts taught in Descriptive Anatomy, but
with special reference to their application to Medicine and Surgery.
PHYSIOLOGY.
Professor Barringer.
The study of Physiology is not begun until the second year, at
which time the student having completed the courses in Chemistry,
Anatomy, and Histology, is well prepared to appreciate the broader
principles of this subject. The work of the school is designed with
reference to its practical bearings, especially on the subsequent
studies of Pathology and Therapeutics.
While only the usual amount of time is given to the general functions,
to the study of the nervous system an amount of time is allotted
fully commensurate with its importance to the practitioner. In the
later study of the functions of the eye, and the ear, an attention
to detail is required which it is believed gives an excellent preparation
for subsequent specialism in this line.
Text-Books.—The Professor's Abstract. For reference: Landois', Foster's,
Hall's or Stewart's Physiology.
BACTERIOLOGY.
| Professor Tuttle, | Dr. Burrow, |
| Dr. Skeen, | Dr. Wholey. |
Bacteriology is taught by lectures accompanied by practical work in
the laboratory. The instruction given at the University in this subject
respects. It is very commonly the case that the student is
brought almost at the very outset into relation with the bacteria of
disease, the whole or the larger part of the course of instruction
being given to their specific study, the technique involved in their culture
and determination, and the specific products of their activity.
These are all matters of the highest importance, and should by no
means be neglected; but exact and extensive knowledge of them may
be and too often is associated with entire ignorance of the real nature
and affinities of the Bacteria, the general principles of vegetable
physiology of which their characteristic activities constitute a special
case, and of the essential conditions on which their culture depends.
Believing that the educated physician should, as far as possible, know
the scientific principles on which his professional knowledge rests,
provision has been made for a short course which deals with the
Bacteria from the botanical standpoint, discussing the general morphology
and physiology of plants to an extent sufficient to give the
student an intelligent idea of the place of these organisms in the
vegetable kingdom and of the relation of their life to that of other
plants. This knowledge is made the basis of the farther discussion of
their economic relations, of their action as causes of disease, and of
the methods resorted to for their manipulation, the most important
processes of bactericultural technique, being as far as possible, fully
illustrated and demonstrated in the laboratory. The whole course is
intended to form a proper preliminary to the specific discussion of
the pathogenic bacteria which finds its regular place in the course in
Pathology.
Text-Book.—The Professor's Introduction to the Bacteria. For reference:
Sternberg's or Crookshank's Manual of Bacteriology.
PATHOLOGY.
| Professor Davis, | Dr. Burrow, |
| Dr. Skeen, | Dr. Wholey. |
The principles of General Pathology are discussed by lectures and
illustrated in the laboratory. The processes of disease are studied in
detail, with the unaided eye and with the microscope, upon selected
specimens.
Instruction is given in the method of conducting an Autopsy, in
which the object of preserving for future investigation desirable parts
is kept particularly in view. This involves pathological technic, in
which students receive a thorough drill and are allowed to retain the
preparations they make.
Practical exercises are given in Clinical Diagnosis, in which examinations
of blood, sputum, urine and faeces are required. Each student
has also to recognize by the aid of the microscope the nature of
tumors submitted to him, as a distinct test in addition to the regular
written examination covering the entire work of the course. Fidelity
to the laboratory work is an indispensable condition of success.
Under the study of Infections the Bacteria concerned are considered
in detail and made the subject of investigation in the laboratory,
which is equipped with approved modern apparatus.
A series of lectures upon the symptoms and therapeutics of Surgical
Diseases follows closely the course upon General Pathology.
In the third year Special Pathology is taken up and illustrated by
appropriate laboratory exercises, in which the lesions of the chief
diseases of each system are carefully studied.
Text-Books.—The Professor's Syllabus; Stengel's Text-Book of Pathology;
Warren's Surgical Pathology and Therapeutics; Abbott's Principles of Bacteriology.
HYGIENE.
Dr. Lambeth.
In this course the chemical and bacterial comtamination of food,
water, air, and soil first engages the attention of the student. With
this preparation he takes up the natural history of contagious and
infectious diseases, their modes of propagation and methods of prevention.
Instruction is also given in the proper location and construction
of habitations, hospitals, school-houses, etc., with especial
reference to modern methods of heating, ventilating, and draining.
Notice is taken of the special relations involved in Military and Naval
Hygiene.
Text-Book.—Rohé's Text-Book of Hygiene, or Egbert's Hygiene and Sanitation.
EMBRYOLOGY.
Professor Tuttle,
As a preliminary to the course in Obstetrics there is given a course
of lectures upon Embryology in which are discussed the formation
and maturation of the reproductive elements; the fertilization of the
ovum; the formation of the germ-layers and of the embryo and foetal
appendages; and the development of the tissues and organs of the
as they are known or believed to take place in the formation of
the mammalian and especially the human body, the whole subject is
treated from the comparative standpoint, as that best adapted to give
intelligent and comprehensive ideas thereof; to this end the development
of a series of representative vertebrates is discussed and as far
as possible made the subject of practical study.
Text-Book.—Schaefer's Embryology (Vol. I, Part I of the tenth edition
of Quain's Anatomy). For reference: Marshall's Vertebrate Embryology;
Hertwig's Embryology of Vertebrates (Mark tr.); Minot's Human Embryology.
OBSTETRICS.
Professor Buckmaster.
In Obstetrics the subject is presented to the student by lectures
with frequent oral examinations, by a series of manikin demonstrations,
by work with the living subject in the wards of the Annex and
by attendance on patients in the out-patient obstetric service connected
with the Dispensary.
In this department it is the aim of the didactic teaching to enable
the student to classify his knowledge for examination and to learn the
relative importance of the subject matter. In no branch is the student
required to make earlier use of his knowledge and a text-book is
used that may afterwards serve as a book of reference.
The manikin course forms an important part of the work not only
for teaching presentation position and posture, but also the mechanism
of normal and abnormal labor. A thorough knowledge of operative
procedure may be acquired by this means; for instance, the
application of the forceps, the packing of the puerperal uterus, the
delivery of the arms caught above the after-coming head, version,
and many other procedures. Cleansing of the hands forms a part of
the drill. In fact the student is required not only to describe but to
carry out the technique of the lying-in chamber. The class is divided
into sections of five each and a knowledge of the manikin work will
form a part of the examination for graduation in this department.
After the section has finished the manikin course it is taken into the
wards of the Annex where the methods of examination, particularly
abdominal palpation are practiced on the living subject. Each section
is required to fill up a carefully prepared form so that all the details of
the case of the patient before labor, is made familiar to the student.
The number of out-patient cases is increasing year by year and is
becoming an important part of the teaching. The clinical assistant
in obstetrics is prepared at any time to accompany a student to the
for conducting a case. The large negro population in the neighborhood
of Charlottesville affords a class of patients which present all
the difficulties to clean work that are offered by ignorance and poverty.
No better practice can be had for one who is trying to educate
an "aseptic center." If asepsis can be secured in a hovel it can be
preserved in a palace. The student is thus taught how to manage
cases by himself and at the same time avoids falling into the slovenly
habits he is sure to form without proper guidance.
Text-Book.—The Practice of Obstetrics by American Authors. Lea Brothers
& Co.
SURGERY.
| Professor Christian, | Dr. Humphreys. |
In Operative Surgery the first aim is to ground the student thoroughly
in the principles and technique of modern aseptic surgical procedure.
All amputations and ligations, the application of splints,
bandages and apparatus for different fractures, are shown upon the
cadaver. To insure a practical knowledge of the subject, each student
will be required to perform the operations upon the cadaver as a part
of his examination for graduation.
Radiography.—A brief course of lectures accompanied with ample
laboratory work is given to the students of the fourth year, with the
purpose of making clear the principles of X-ray phenomena and of
giving to each student such practical experience with the necessary
apparatus as will enable him to make professional use thereof with
skill and safety. This course is given in the Rouss Physical Laboratory,
whicl is unusually well equipped for this work.
MATERIA MEDICA.
| Professor Barringer, | Mr. Brenneman, Assistant. |
In Materia Medica particular stress is laid upon the physiological
action of drugs as furnishing the only basis for a rational system of
therapeutics. The Department is provided with a good collection of
drugs, both crude and prepared, with which the students are made
are given weekly for several months, these exercises being
required both in the ordinary English or apothecary system and the
French or metric system.
Text-Books.—White's Materia Medica and Therapeutics. For reference:
Brunton's Pharmacology, Wood's Materia Medica.
PRACTICE OF MEDICINE.
Professor Buckmaster.
The Theory and Practice of Medicine is taught in a systematic
course of lectures, which are supplemented by clinical teaching at the
Dispensary. In the year 1898-99 about three thousand patients were
treated, thus affording ample material for elementary teaching.
In the didactic lectures the author's syllabus is used as a guide for
the essential points to be considered in a careful study of the textbook.
The student is earnestly advised to use the syllabus and textbook
before hearing the lecture, as experience has shown this to be
the most effective means of obtaining a knowledge of the subject.
Text-Books.—A Hand-Book of Physical Diagnosis, etc., by R. C. M. Page;
The Principles and Practice of Medicine, by William Osler; a Treatise on
Mental and Nervous Diseases, by Landon Carter Gray; The Diseases of
Infancy and Childhood, by L. Emmet Holt.
THERAPEUTICS.
Professor Barringer.
The subject of Therapeutics is taken up among the studies of the
fourth year. The range of the work will embrace both general and
special therapeutics, whether rational or empirical, but a constant
effort will be made throughout to trace those general underlying
principles the existence of which alone enables this subject to be
called a science. The method pursued will be that of taking up in
order the perversions of the various organs and functions rather than
the specific forms of disease.
Text-Book.—(To be named hereafter). For reference: Brunton's Pharmacology.
DISEASES OF THE EYE AND EAR.
Professor Barringer.
The study of the Diseases of the Eye and Ear is here solely from
the standpoint of the general practitioner. No attempt is made to
prepare a "specialist" and no instruction is given in refraction. In
the belief, however, that a good practitioner should have a reasonable
knowledge of any disease he is likely to meet, a two months' course
on the above subjects is given. The elementary use of the ophthalmoscope
as an instrument of diagnosis, as well as the use of the head
mirror, etc., is practically taught.
Text-Book.—Nettleship's Diseases of the Eye. For reference: Carter &
Frost's Ophthalmic Surgery, or other approved hand-book.
GYNECOLOGY.
Professor Buckmaster.
In Gynecology instruction is given by lectures and recitations, and
the plastic operations necessary to repair injuries of the pelvic structures
are shown during the course. Practical training in the details
of gynecological treatment is given at the dispensary.
Text-Book.—The Professor's Syllabus. For reference: Principles and Practice
of Gynecology, by T. A. Emmet; Treatise on the Diseases of Women,
by A. J. C. Skene.
MEDICAL JURISPRUDENCE.
Professor Buckmaster.
In this course the student is instructed in the principles of the
science, and taught how to apply these principles when he is summoned
as a witness in a court of law.
Text-Book.—Chapman's Medical Jurisprudence.
CLINICAL INSTRUCTION.
| Dr. Buckmaster, | Mr. Ebersole, |
| Dr. Nelson, | Mr. Wertenbaker, |
| Dr. Magruder, | Mr. Cocke, |
| Dr. Randolph, | Mr. Powell, |
| Dr. Hedges, | Mr. Toole, |
| Mr. Brenneman, | Mr. Hawes. |
The opportunities for clinical instruction at the University have
within the last few years been very greatly increased. The erection
and equipment of the University Dispensary and the careful consideration
of the needs of the community in this respect have built up an
out-patient department vastly in excess of the apparent possibilities
of the city; moreover, this material is utilized for purposes of instruction
to a much greater extent than is usually done in clinical teaching.
The amphitheatre is so arranged that no student is over fifteen feet
from the clinical chair or operating table (as the case may be), and
each can thus understand and appreciate all that is shown him. For
the purpose of still more definite instruction, the whole class is called
up in successive small sections to examine special cases and conditions,
the students being questioned later on the knowledge so obtained.
There is a daily clinic at the Dispensary, in each case occupying the
entire afternoon, distributed through the week as follows:
| Monday, | Dr. Buckmaster, | Medical. |
| Tuesday, | Dr. Nelson, | Surgical. |
| Wednesday, | Dr. Buckmaster, | Medical. |
| Thursday, | Dr. Magruder, | Physical Diagnosis. |
| Friday, | Dr. Hedges, | Ophthalmic. |
| Saturday, | Dr. Randolph, | Genito-urinary. |
During the past year nearly three thousand distinct cases were
treated before the students at the clinical lectures. Of these, about
six hundred each were medical, surgical, or eye and ear cases, some
five hundred were gynecological cases, and over four hundred were
cases of genito-urinary diseases. In addition to the work at the Dispensary,
the class have seen in sections numerous important surgical
operations outside under the care of the clinical teachers, and a large
number of the class have been in a similar manner brought into intimate
contact with cases of serious illness of various kinds. In obstetrical
work, about fifty per cent. of the class have been able to see at
least one case each, while some members have had as many as eight
or nine cases; it is believed that more systematic arrangements can
now be made, and that in the future each member of the class can
have one or more cases during the session. Regular attendance upon
the daily clinics is required in the last year of the course.
There are appointed each year from among the best students of the
senior class in medicine a limited number of young men to serve as
clinical assistants at the Dispensary. While there is no pecuniary
emolument connected with these positions, they afford exceptional
opportunities for the acquisition of valuable practical knowledge.
HOSPITAL.
Action was taken by the Board of Visitors during the last session
providing for the erection of a hospital at the University, to be occupied
chiefly by charity patients, and to be so conducted as to give the
largest amount of clinical experience possible to each member of the
upper classes in the Department of Medicine. The services of a competent
architect were secured at once, and plans were prepared by
him, under the advice of the Medical Faculty, which have since been
adopted. These provide for a central administration building, three
stories in height, which will contain reception and consultation rooms,
offices, accommodations for internes and nurses, kitchen, laundry, etc.
Attached to this is a convenient and well-lighted operating-room with
an ample amphitheatre. Connected with it on either side are one-story
wards which afford space for sixty beds. The plan is such that these
can at any time readily be so extended as to double their capacity.
The hospital has been located upon the vacant space to the eastward
of East Range, sufficiently remote from the rest of the University,
yet readily accessible to patients and students alike. While the
importance of the undertaking has rendered it necessary, under the
existing circumstances, to proceed with deliberation, bids have been
received and work begun, and it may be confidently expected that a
portion at least of the hospital will be completed and ready for occupancy
by patients at the beginning of the coming session.
EXPENSES.
The necessary expenses of students in the Department of Medicine
may be estimated at from $305 upward, according to the mode of living,
for the first year; the expenses of succeeding years are somewhat
less. A fuller statement of expenses may be found in a subsequent
section (page 152).
| Monday. | Tuesday. | Wednesday. | Thursday. | Friday. | Saturday. | |
| 9—10 | 1°—Biol. Lab. A. 3°—Embryol. (1 mo.) 3°—Obstet (1st half) 4°—Pr. Med. (2d half) |
1°—Biol. Lab. A. 3°—Embryol. (1 mo.) 3°—Obstet. (1st half) 3°—Pr. Med. (2d half) |
1°—Biol. Lab. A. 3°—Embryol. (1 mo.) 3°—Obstet. (1st half) 4°—Pr. Med. (2d half) |
1°—Biol. Lab. B. 3°—Embryol. (1 mo.) 3°—Obstet. (1st half) 3°—Pr Med. (2d half) |
1°—Biol. Lab. A. 3°—Embryol. (1 mo.) 3°—Obstet. (1st half) 4°—Pr. Med. (2d half) |
1°—Biol. Lab. B, 3°—Embryol (1 mo.) 3°—Obstet (1st half) 3°—Pr. Med. (2d half) |
| 10—11 | 1°—Biol. Lab. A. 2°—Bacter. (1st half) 2°—Gen. Pathology 2°—Surg. Diseases 4°—Therapeutics 4°—Ophth. Surgery 4°—Dermatology |
1°—Biol. Lab. B. 3°—Spec. Path (1st hf) 3°—Cl. Diag. (1st half) |
1°—Biol. Lab. A. 2°—Bacter. (1st half) 2°—Gen. Pathology 2°—Surg. Diseases 4°—Therapeutics 4°—Ophth. Surgery 4°—Dermatology |
1°—Biol. Lab. B. 3°—Spec. Path (1st hf) 3°—Cl. Diag. (1st half) |
1°—Biol. Lab. A. 2°—Bacter. (1st half) 2°—Gen. Pathology 2°—Surg Diseases 4°—Therapeutics 4°—Ophth. Surgery 4°—Dermatology |
1°—Biol. Lab. B. 3°—Spec Path (1st hf) 3°—Cl. Diag. (1st half) |
| 11—12½ | 1°—Chemistry 3°—Op Surg (2d half) 3°—Spec. Path. Lab. 4°—Gynecol (1st half) 4°—M. Jur. (2d half) |
1°—Desc. Anatomy 3°—Spec. Path. Lab. |
1°—Chemistry 3°—Op. Surg. (2d half) 4°—Gynecol (1st half) 4°—M. Jur. (2d half) |
1°—Desc. Anatomy 3°—Spec. Path. Lab. |
1°—Chemistry 3°—Op Surg. (2d half) 3°—Spec. Path. Lab. 4°—Gynecol (1st hlf) 4°—M. Jur. (2d half) |
1°—Desc. Anatomy |
| 12½—1½ | 1°—Biology 2°—Physiol (1st hlf) 3°—Mat. M. (2d half) |
2°—Physiol. (1st half) 2°—Hygiene (2d half) 3°—Mat. M. (2d half) |
1°—Biology 2°—Physiol. (1st hlf) 3°—Mat M. (2d half) |
2°—Physiol. (1st half) 2°—Hygiene (2d half) 3°—Mat. M. (2d half) |
1°—Biology 2°—Physiol. (1st half) 3°—Mat. M. (2d half) |
2°—Physiol. (1st half) 2°—Hygiene (2d half) 3°—Mat. M. (2d half) |
| 2½—3½ | 1°—Dissection 2°—Region. Anat. |
1°—Dissection 1°—Physics Lab. 2°—B.& Path. Lab. A. |
1°—Dissection 2°—Chemistry, Lab. 2°—B. & Path. Lab. B. |
1°—Dissection 2°—Region. Anat. |
1°—Dissection 2°—Chemistry, Lab. 2°—B. & Path. Lab. B. |
1°—Dissection 1°—Physics, Lab. 2°—B. & Path. Lab. A. |
| 3½—5 | 1°—Dissection 4°—Med. Clinic |
1—Dissection 1°—Physics, Lab. 4°—Surg. Clinic |
1°—Dissection 2°—Chemistry, Lab. 4°—Gynecol. Clinic |
1°—Dissection 4°—Phys. Diag. Clin. |
1°—Dissection 2°—Chemistry, Lab. 4°—Eye & Ear Clinic |
1°—Dissection 1°—Physics, Lab. 4°—Gen urin. Clinic |
| The numerals, 1°, 2, 3°, 4°, refer to the several years of the course. | ||||||
| The dates of examinations for the session 1900-1901, will be announced at the beginning of the session. | ||||||
| The Medical Faculty reserve the right to make changes in the schedule of lectures or in the dates of examinations should they deem such changes advisable. |
||||||
| University of Virginia | |