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GRADUATE COURSES.
M. A.
In addition to the introductory or B. A. courses above
described, the following advanced courses are offered to
students prepared to undertake them. In each the work
will be chiefly done in the laboratory, the student being in
large measure independent of his associates; such lectures
will be given from time to time and such reading indicated
as will aid the student in an independent investigation of
the subject in hand. The relation of these courses to
degrees is indicated below; the completion of Course V, as
a Ph. D. course, involves summer work at a seaside laboratory
as an essential.
III. Vegetable Morphology.—An advanced course in
Botany, devoted chiefly to the study of the Algæ and Fungi,
and to the histology and embryology of the Vascular
Plants. The completion of Course I, or its equivalent
either here or elsewhere, is required as a preliminary to
this course.
The subjects offered for the session of 1897-98 will be
the Siphoneæ; the Laminariaceæ; the Nemalionales; the
Phycomycetes; and the histology and development of
Botrychium.
Text-Books.—The library of the department is especially well supplied
with standard works, monographs, and periodicals pertaining to
Cryptogamic Botany.
IV. Vertebrate Morphology.—An advanced course based
on Course II, the completion of which, or its equivalent,
is required as preliminary. The work will consist of more
detailed comparative study of vertebrate structure and
development, and of the forms which may be regarded as
phylogenetically related to the vertebrate stock.
The subjects for the work of the session of 1897-98
will be the Nervous Axis; the Cephalic Musculature;
the Adenoid Bodies; and the Tunicata.
Text-Books will be indicated as needed. The library of the department
contains a large amount of standard and periodical literature bearing
on the subject matter of this course.
The completion of Courses I and II and either III or
IV will be required of candidates for a diploma of graduation
in the School of Biology, and of those offering Biology
as one of their electives for the degree of Master of Arts.
PH. D.
The more advanced work in Biology will be devoted
chiefly to Vertebrate Anatomy and Morphology, each of
the systems of organs being in turn critically studied; it
will in substance be an extension of the work of Course
IV. It includes in addition the following course.
V. Zoölogy.—This course, open to graduate students
only, includes the study of Animal Morphology, as illustrated
by the anatomy, histology and, as far as possible,
the embryology of a series of representative species chosen
from the principal divisions of the animal kingdom, the
principles of classification, and the arrangement of the
various orders and classes of animals in larger groups as
indicated by their structural affinities.
Text-Books.—Rolleston's Forms of Animal Life; Lang's Text-Book
of Comparative Anatomy; Balfour's Embryology.
This course will be required of all students who elect
Biology as one of their studies for the degree of Doctor of
Philosophy; those who elect that subject as a major study
will be required, in addition, to do such work as may be
assigned to them individually.
VI. Practical Biology and Agriculture.—The relations of
Biology to Agriculture are so manifold, and the subdivisions
of the latter subject so numerous, that it would be
impossible to exhaust the discussion of either in the work
of any one year.. A course consisting in part of lectures
and in part of an equivalent amount of practical work and
collateral reading will be offered yearly. It will include
the discussion of selected topics pertaining to Economic
Botany (such as the diseases or the parasites of plants, the
natural history of cultivated varieties, and the like); to
Economic Zoölogy (such as the life-history and treatment
of injurious or beneficial insects, external or internal
domestic animals, etc.); and to questions connected with
the Principles of Agriculture (such as the laws of growth
and nutrition of crops, the drainage and tillage of soils,
systems of rotation and allied topics).
Text-Books for 1897-98.—Sorauer's Physiology of Plants (Weiss tr.);
Tubeuf's Diseases of Plants induced by Cryptogamic Parasites (Smith tr.);
Chauveau's Anatomy of the Domestic Animals.
Candidates for a diploma of graduation in Biology and
Agriculture are required to complete Courses I, II, and VI.
Substitution of work fully equivalent in amount and
character may be made for the subjects published as
requirements for either of the graduations in this school
from year to year in the case of any students whose previous
training or special aptitudes give good reason therefor.
The Biological Laboratory is well provided with instruments
for the gross and minute dissection of animals and
plants; microscopes, microtomes, reagents, and materials
for the staining and mounting of preparations; apparatus
for photography and microphotography, and other necessary
appliances, not only for student work, but for investigation
and research as well. In addition to the large and
valuable collections of the Brooks Museum, an abundant
supply of other necessary specimens and material is furnished.
A library of reference is attached to the Laboratory,
and students have access to a number of leading
biological and agricultural journals, thus acquiring practice
in the intelligent use of current literature.
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