University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va.

UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA.

Catalogue of Students.

Academical Department.

Academical Degrees.

Engineering Department.

Agricultural Department.

Expenses.

SCHEME OF LECTURES AND EXAMINATIONS.

Medical Department.

ANATOMY.

HISTOLOGY AND EMBRYOLOGY.

MATERIA MEDICA AND THERAPEUTICS.

OBSTETRICS.

SURGERY.

GYNECOLOGY.

PRACTICE OF MEDICINE.

HYGIENE.

MEDICAL JURISPRUDENCE.

EXPENSES.

SCHEME OF MEDICAL LECTURES AND EXAMINATIONS.

Pharmaceutical Department.

Law Department.

Physical Culture.

Expenses.

Scholarships and Fellowships.

Societies of Students.

Regulations.

Degrees.

Gifts to the University

Society of Alumni.

Young Men's Christian Association.

INDEX.

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Medical Department.

JOHN W. MALLET, M. D., Ph. D., LL. D., F. R. S.	Professor of Chemistry.
WILLIAM G. CHRISTIAN, M. D.	Professor of Anatomy and Surgery.
ALBERT H. TUTTLE, M. S.	Professor of Biology.
PAUL B. BARRINGER, M. D.	Professor of Physiology and Materia Medica.
AUGUSTUS H. BUCKMASTER, M. D.	Prof. of Gynecology, Obstet. and Prac. of Med.
JOHN STAIGE DAVIS, M. A., M. D.	Adjunct Professor of Pathology and Hygiene.
HALSTEAD S. HEDGES,[1] M. A., M. D.	Demonstrator of Anatomy.
WILLIAM E. McCONVILLE, M. D.	Acting Demonstrator of Anatomy.
ARLIE C. JONES, M. D.	Assistant Demonstrator of Anatomy.
JOSEPH D. OSBORNE, M. D.	Assistant Demonstrator of Anatomy.
WILLIAM W. LUCK, M. D.	Demonstrator of Medical Biology and Pathology.
LYMAN SKEEN, Jr., M. D.	Assistant Dem. of Med. Biology and Pathology.
I. CARRINGTON HARRISON, M. D.	Assistant Dem. of Med. Biology and Pathology.
HUGH T. NELSON, M. D.	Instructor in Clinical Surgery.
WILLIAM J. MARTIN, Jr., A. M., Ph., D., M. D.	Instructor in Chemistry.
EDWARD M. MAGRUDER, M. D.	Instructor in Physical Diagnosis.
WILLIAM M. RANDOLPH, M. D.	Instructor in Genito- Urinary Surgery.
JOHN A. CROWTHER, M. D.	Instructor in Clinical Medicine and Obstetrics.
STEPHEN T. BARNETT	Instructor in Clinical Medicine.
ADAM T. FINCH	Instructor in Clinical Medicine.

General Course of Studies in the Medical Department.—The session
of the Medical Department continues through the full nine months of the
University session. The studies included in the Medical course are as follows:
Chemistry, Anatomy, Histology, Bacteriology, Physiology, Materia
Medica, Hygiene, Pathology, Surgery, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Practice
of Medicine, and Medical Jurisprudence.

These studies are arranged for a three years' course, and are pursued in
the following order:

During the first session (of nine months): Anatomy, Histology, Bacteriology
and Chemistry.

During the second session (of nine months): Physiology, Pathology, Materia
Medica and Obstetrics.

During the third session (of nine months): Surgery, Gynecology, Practice
of Medicine, Hygiene and Medical Jurisprudence.

Relations of the Student in the Second and Third Years.—Students
who pass a satisfactory examination on the subjects studied during the first
session are not required to attend the lectures or stand the examinations on
these subjects the second year; but if a student fail to pass a satisfactory

examination at the regular time on one or more of the subjects included in
the first year's course, he will be permitted to take such subject or subject
over during the second year, without the payment of any additional fee. In
like manner, if he fail to pass a satisfactory examination at the regular time
on one or more of the subjects included in the second year's course, he will
be permitted to take such subject or subjects over during the third year,
without the payment of an additional fee, and if he pass a satisfactory examination
on these subjects, as well as those of the third session, he will be
permitted to graduate at the close of that session: Provided, however, that
no student whose failure to pass a satisfactory examination at the regular
time shall extend to all the subjects of a given year will be permitted to go
on to the work of the succeeding year; he will be required to confine himself
to a repetition of the work of the year on which he has failed—and no student
will be allowed to undertake the work of the third year until he has
completed that of the first, save by special consent of the Medical Faculty.
Students who have taken the degree of Bachelor of Arts in the University
of Virginia, on a scheme including such medical subjects as, in connection
with other subjects associated therewith, shall be approved by the Medical
Faculty, may be admitted to the studies of the second year.

Requirements for Graduation.—No student is permitted to graduate
from the University of Virginia with the degree of Doctor of Medicine
till he shall have attended the regular course of not less than three years in
this institution, and passed a satisfactory examination on all the subjects
included in the Medical course, unless in lieu of either the first or the second
year's study here, he shall have attended one course of lectures of not less
than seven months, or two courses of less than seven months each, in some
other reputable medical school, in which case he may apply for graduation
at the end of his second or first session in this institution; but in order to
obtain the degree he must pass a satisfactory examination at this University
on all the subjects heretofore mentioned as included in the Medical course.

Certificates of Attendance.—No student will receive a certificate as a
member of the Medical Department of the University unless he has attended
the whole regular course of one or more of the three years.

Methods of Instruction.—The instruction is given by systematic lectures
and daily oral examinations, with associated practical work in Anatomy,
Histology, Bacteriology, Pathology and Obstetrics. The daily oral examinations
on the subjects of the previous lectures are of great value in stimulating
the student to regular and systematic habits of study, and furnishing the
Professor an opportunity of discovering and removing difficulties met with
by the student.

The Graduating Examinations are in writing and of a rigorous character.
Two sets of these are held each year—one near the close of the session,
after completion of the lecture courses; the other at the beginning of
the next session. To the latter are admitted—

(a) Students of the previous session who from illness or other cause approved by the
Faculty were unable to present themselves for examination. These may be examined
on any part of the course, and will not be required to matriculate
anew.

(b) Students who at the close of the preceding session have passed satisfactory examinations
in two of the studies pursued during that session, and have attained on
one or more of the remaining subjects such a standard (but little lower than that
required for graduation) as the Faculty may approve. This slightly lower standard
must have been reached on the particular subject or subjects on which the student
presents himself for re-examination.

(c) Students who present certificates of attendance on one or two seven-months' courses
or their equivalent at some other reputable medical school.

Students falling under classes (b) and (c), after first matriculating and then passing
the Fall examinations on the studies of the preceding one or two sessions, may
proceed to the work of the second year, or to that of the third year, and to
graduation, without attending the lectures on, or passing further examination in,
the studies of the preceding session or sessions, except the general oral examination
which immediately precedes graduation.

No special examination will be given in the Medical Department except
under extraordinary circumstances, to be carefully weighed by the Medical
Faculty.

A General Oral Examination is held each year prior to graduation (at
the close of the session) on all the different branches on which the student
has passed during either that session or some preceding one. This is intended
to test the permanent acquisition of such general knowledge as every practitioner
of medicine should possess.

Clinical Instruction.—The Piedmont Hospital, in the adjoining city of
Charlottesville, is utilized as far as its capacity will permit, and during the
past year the second-course students have had the opportunity of seeing a
number of operations there. The University Dispensary is in successful
operation, and during the past year more than three thousand new patients
have been treated. Clinics are held five times a week, to which third-course
students only are admitted. In recognition of the impossibility of giving
practical instruction by the ordinary clinical lectures, the class is divided into
sections, so that each student may have the opportunity of examining patients
for himself under the guidance of the teacher.

Messrs. Lyman Skeen, Jr., M. D., John A. Crowther, M. D., Stephen T. Barnett,
Adam T. Finch, Joseph K. Combe, and Charles P. Eichelberger (apothecary) have acted
as student-assistants at the Dispensary during the session 1895-'96.

ANATOMY.

Professor Christian.

Descriptive Anatomy.—The instruction is given by didactic lectures,
combined with the course of Practical Anatomy as taught in the Dissecting
Hall. The endeavor throughout is to render the teaching as completely
practical as possible; no statement is made that is not illustrated by its exhibition,
either on the actual dissection or on the preparation of a dissection,
the effort being to convey knowledge by the so-called natural method—that
is, by mental imagery formed by repeated observations of nature. This is
accomplished by exhibiting to the student and requiring him to handle the
dissected parts and preparations made therefrom. The equipment of the
School for this purpose is most ample.

Practical Anatomy.—For this course dissecting material, obtained under
the permissive law of the State, is abundantly supplied without cost to the
student. Attendance in the dissecting-room is compulsory, a strict record
being kept in the case of each student. Besides the ordinary oral and written
examinations, each student is required to stand eight practical examinations—one
upon osteology, four upon different parts of the muscular system,
one on the viscera, one on the ligaments, and one on the vessels and nerves.
These examinations are oral and private, each student being questioned
alone. They consist in the identification of the truths of anatomy on the
bones, and the dissected cadaver, and are thus a perfect test of the student's
acquaintance with the gross structure of the human body.

Regional Anatomy.—This subject is taught to second-course students by
the same practical methods as are described above.

HISTOLOGY AND EMBRYOLOGY.

Professor Tuttle.

Normal Histology is taught by lectures, accompanied by practical work
in the laboratory, which is amply equipped for the purpose. The class is
divided into working sections of forty-eight, that number of desks being provided
with microscopes, accessory apparatus, and all necessary reagents. The
primary object of the course is to make the student practically familiar with
the normal appearance and characteristics of the structural elements of the
body, their groupings into tissues, and the disposition and relations of the
latter as making up the various organs of the body. As a means to this
end, students are carefully trained in the use of the microscope, and, as much
as practicable, in histological technique. The accuracy and readiness of the

knowledge acquired is tested for each student by individual practical examination,
in which he is required to name and describe at sight preparations
of tissues and sections of organs submitted to him; the usual written examination
must also be passed.

Embryology.—The course in Histology is followed and supplemented by
a course discussing the formation of the embryo and the fœtal appendages,
of the tissues, and of the organs of the body. The laboratory is provided
with a valuable set of preparations illustrating the embryology of the lower
vertebrates, and a collection of human embryos of various stages from which
anatomical and histological preparations are made.

Text-Books.—Klein's, Piersol's, or Shaefer's Histology; Shaefer's, Haddon's or
Minot's Embryology; the Professor's Syllabus.

BACTERIOLOGY.

Professor Tuttle.

Bacteriology is taught by lectures and practical work in the laboratory.
It is the object of the course to give the students a clear idea of the biology
of the bacteria; their affinities as plants, their structure, and their physiology
being considered as the basis for the further discussion of their economic relations,
their action as causes of disease, and the methods resorted to for
their manipulation: the specific discussion of the pathogenic bacteria of
clinical importance is relegated to the course in Pathology. The various
processes of bacteriological technique are fully illustrated and demonstrated
in the laboratory. The work of the students comprises special practice in
those processes which are of value to the general practitioner as a means of
diagnosis.

Text-Books Recommended.—Abbott's Principles of Bacteriology; Fraenkel's Bacteriology;
the Professor's Introduction to the Bacteria; Sternberg's or Crookshank's
Manual of Bacteriology.

CHEMISTRY.

Professor Mallet.

In this course the students are taught Chemical Physics and the general
principles of Chemistry, and are carried through a course of Descriptive
Chemistry, inorganic and organic; their attention is directed, whenever an
occasion presents itself, to the application of chemical principles to Physiology,
the Practice of Medicine, Therapeutics, Toxicology, and Sanitary Science.

Text-Books.—Fownes' or Witthaus' Chemistry; Syllabus of the Professor's lectures.
For Reference: Charles' Physiological and Pathological Chemistry; Wormley's Micro-Chemistry
of Poisons.

PHYSIOLOGY.

Professor Barringer.

The study of Physiology is not begun until the student has completed the
courses in Chemistry, Anatomy and Histology and is hence well prepared to
appreciate the broader principles of this subject. The entire work of the
school is designed with reference to its practical bearings on the subsequent
studies of Pathology and Therapeutics. In the elucidation of this subject
the large collection of plates belonging to the Department is supplemented
by original preparations and models.

Text-Book.—The Professor's Abstract. For Reference: Landois' Physiology; Foster's
Physiology or Kirke's Physiology.

PATHOLOGY.

Adjunct Professor Davis.

The principles of General and Surgical Pathology are discussed in lectures
and illustrated in the laboratory, where ample facilities are provided
to enable each student to make permanent preparations for himself. Instruction
is also given in the method of conducting a post mortem examination, in
which the object of preserving for future investigation such parts as may
demand it is kept particularly in view. This involves pathological technique,
which is accordingly taught. Students are individually required to recognize,
by the aid of the microscope the nature of tumors, and to make examinations
of urine, in addition to the regular written examination, covering
the entire work of the course.

Instruction in Surgical Diseases and their treatment follows the course
upon Pathology.

Text-Books.—The Professor's Syllabus of General Pathology; Green's Pathology
and Morbid Anatomy, or Ziegler's General Pathology; Senn's Principles of Surgery, or
Warren's Surgical Pathology and Therapeutics.

MATERIA MEDICA AND THERAPEUTICS.

Professor Barringer.

In Materia Medica particular stress is laid upon the physiological action
of drugs as furnishing the only basis for a rational system of therapeutics.
The Department is provided with a good collection of drugs, both crude and
prepared, which are shown to the student as dealt with in the lectures.
Exercises in prescription-writing are given weekly for several months.

Text-Book.—White's Materia Medica and Therapeutics. For Reference: Brunton's
Pharmacology; Wood's Materia Medica.

The subject of Therapeutics is taken up among the studies of the third
year. The range of the work will embrace both General and Special therapeutics,
whether rational or empirical, but a constant effort will be made
throughout to trace those general underlying principles, the existence of
which alone enables this subject to be called a science. The method pursued
will be that of taking up in order the perversions of the various organs and
functions rather than the individual forms of disease.

Text-Book.—(To be named hereafter). For Reference: Bruce's Materia Medica and
Therapeutics; Brunton's Pharmacology.

OBSTETRICS.

Professor Buckmaster.

In Obstetrics instruction is given by lectures, and the mechanical principles
involved in the study are explained by the use of suitable preparations
and models. The systematic use of the manikin with the fœtus has made it
possible for the student to obtain a knowledge of obstetric manipulation
which he can acquire in no other way. Routine work with the manikin
is obligatory. The class is divided into sections of eight members, and each
student becomes practically familiar with the diagnosis and treatment of
normal and abnormal labor. The number of cases applying to the dispensary
for treatment at their homes during labor is steadily increasing.

Text-Book.—Outlines of Obstetrics, by Charles Jewett (W. B. Saunders, Philadelphia).
For Reference: The American Text-Book of Obstetrics for Practitioners and Students
(W. B. Saunders, Philadelphia).

SURGERY.