University of Virginia Library

Index

• Adams, K. R., 49–50
• Albers, Josef, 135
• Alberti, Leon Battista (1404–72),
  10–20, 32
• Alberti's window, 12, 17–18, 22–
  3, 88, 121, 139
• Ames, A., Jr., 96–8
• Ames room, see Dilemma,
  perceptual
• Andrea del Castagno (ca. 1420–
  57), 16
• Anstis, S. M., 86
• Ansuino da Forli, 10
• Antonello da Messina (ca. 1430–
  79), 69, 71
• Arcangeli, F., 11
• Arnheim, R., 33, 121–2, 163
• Aronson, E., 154–5
• Arrow as metaphor, 1
• Alberti, use of, 10–11
• Filarete, use of, 14
• Golden Legend, 8–9
• in illustrations, 15
• Leonardo da Vinci, use of, 14–
  15
• Mantegna and, opp. 1, 1, 10–
  12
• pictorial antecedents for, 9–10
• Attneave, F., 83

• Baird, J. C., 66
• Barbari, Jacopo de' (ca. 1440–
  1515,) 75, 77
• Battisti, E., 2
• Bellini, Gentile (ca. 1429–1507)
  169, 172
• Benjamin, W., 135
• Bergman, L., 153
• Bertolino dei Grossi, 10
• Best, T., 157–8
• Bono da Ferrara (active ca. 1442–
  ca. 1461), 10
• Box, perspective of, 26, 89–91
• Bradley, D. R., 81–2
• Brunelleschi (di Ser Brunellesco),
  Filippo (1377–1446), 32–9,
  49–50, 52, 57, 86, 127–8,
  137, 148
• Burnham, J., 130–4

• Cage, J., 130–1
• Camera obscura, 19, 20,
  geometry of, 20–1
  as pinhole camera, 20
• Carpaccio, Vittore (ca. 1455/65–
  ca. 1525), 139
• Carpenter, R., 161
• Carrà, C., 121
• Carroll, L., 162
• Cassirer, E., 163
• Center(s) of projection, 19–22,
  26–9, 31, 41, 43–4, 46, 52–4,
  56–7, 88–95, 102–3, 112–14,
  116, 118–20, 123–5, 137–45,
  148, 158–9
• inferred location, 89–92, 95–6,
  103, 137–8
• multiple, 116–21
• Chardin, Jean-Baptiste (1699–
  1779), 73, 76
• Cicero, Marcus Tullius, 11
• Coleridge, S. T., 80

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188




• Collier (Colyer, Collyer), Edward
  (Evert, Everett, Edwaert)
  (?-ca. 1702), 75, 78
• Collusion, perceptual, 78, 80–4
• Comerford, J., 43
• Construzione legittima, 28–31, 33–
  4, 37–8, 91
• Cooper R. G., Jr., 97–100
• Crivelli, Carlo (ca. 1430/35–
  before 1501), 69–70
• Cube vertex, perspective of, 99–
  103
• Cylinder, perspective of, 115–16

• Da Vinci's pane, see Alberti's
  window
• Dabos, Laurent (1761–1835), 70
  74
• Dante Alighieri, 16
• Danto, A. C., 12, 69
• Dars, C., 76
• De Santillana, G., 32
• Delusion, perceptual, 76–8, 83–4
  see also Trompe l'oeil
• Dennett, D., 151–2
• Descargues, P., 115
• Descartes, R., 15, 77
• Dilemma, perceptual, 84
• Ames room and, 96–7
• and “following” in pictures,
  84–6
• and perspective, 88–9, 99,
  102–3, 138–9,
• see also Paradox, perceptual
• Distance points, 29, 31, 141
• Doesschate, G. ten, 163
• Domenico Veneziano (Domenico
  di Bartolomeo) (ca. 1405–
  61), 3–6
• Donatello (Donato di Betto
  Bardi) (1386–1466), 16, 87,
  139
• Draper, S. W., 86
• Dreyer, C., 153
• Duchamp, Marcel (1887–1968),
  132–4
• Dumais, S. T., 81–2

• Edgerton, S. Y., Jr., 12, 32–3,
  127–8, 162–4
• Egatz, R., 81
• Egocenter, 151, 159
  see also Point of view, virtual
• Einstein A., 92
• Eisenstein, S. M., 136
• Elffers, E., 45, 76
• Eliot, T. S., 32, 104
• Elliott, H. B., 111–2
• Emmert, E., 66–7
• Epstein, W., 15
• Euclid, 163

• Farber, J., 54–5, 57–62
• Ficino, Marsilio, 15, 159
• Filarete, il (Antonio Averlino)
  (ca. 1400–1469), 14
• Film, 134–6
• stereoscopic, 135–6
• Finke, R. A., 108, 110
• Forbora, Antonio (seventeenth
  century), 72
• Francastel, P., 163

• Gablik, S., 162, 166–72
• Gaddi, Taddeo (ca. 1300–66),
  opp. 1, 2
• Gadol, J., 10
• Galileo Galilei, 170
• Gentile da Fabriano (ca. 1370–
  1427), 16
• Geometry, 17, 19–23, 26–8, 89–
  91, 161
• Ghiberti, Lorenzo (1378–1455),
  34–7
• Gibson, J. J., 40–1, 87, 163
• Gijsbrechts (Gysbrechts), Cornelis
  Norbertus (active ca.
  1659–78), 72–3, 75
• Gill, R. W., 19
• Gimmick, 128–9, 134–7, 148
  perspective as, 34
• Gioseffi, J. J., 32
• Girgus, J. J., 81
• Goffman, E., 69
• Goldstein, E. B., 63–4
• Gombrich, E. F., xii, 76, 85,
  163, 165
• Goodman, N., 122–5, 163–6,
  172
• Gowans, A., 172

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189




• Graves, R., 52
• Grayson, C., 12
• Guariento di Arpo, Ridolfo (ca.
  1310–70), 10

• Haber, R. N., 54–5
• Hagen, M. A., 49, 111–2
• Hammond, J. H., 20
• Hartt, F., 8, 117–20, 137–8, 142
• Hatfield, G. C., 15
• Hauser, A., 135
• Helmholtz, H. von, 67
• Hershenson, M., 66
• Hooch (Hoogh), Pieter de (1629–
  ca. 1684), 45
• Hoogstraten, Samuel van (1627–
  78), 45–6, 75, 79
• Horizon line, 19, 26–31, 139–40
• Horizontal line, perspective of,
  26–7, 29
• Howard, I. P., 151
• Huebler, Douglas, 133–4
• Huffman, D. A., 86
• Human body, 116, 120–1

• Illusion, 65–9
• Ames room and, 96–7
• and art, 67–8, 129
• cognitive-contour Necker
  cube, 81–2
• and “following” in pictures,
  62–4, 84–6
• metaperceptual experience and,
  84, 129
• moon, 66–7
• perceptual paradox as, 83–4
• vase–face, 81
• vertical–horizontal, 84
• waterfall, 83–4
• see also Collusion; Delusion;
  Gimmick; Trompe l'oeil
• Innocent eye, 78
• Inverse problem of perspective,
  see Perspective, inverse
  problem of
• Isenbrandt, Adriaen (before
  1510–51), 69

• Jacobus of Voragine, 8–9
• Janson, H. W., 28
• Johnson, M., 15
• Jones, R. K., 49

• Kaftal, G., 9
• Kemp, M., 33, 127
• Kennedy, J. M., 76, 81
• Kepes, G., 163
• Kitao, T. K., 20
• Koslow, S., 45
• Kosslyn, S. M., 106
• Krautheimer, R., 128
• Kristeller, P. O., 159
• Kubovy, M., 157–8
• Kurtzman, H. S., 108, 110

• La Gournerie, J. de, 28, 53–4,
  88–9, 91, 96, 112, 115–16
• Lakoff, G., 15
• Lee, D. N., 154–5
• Leeman, F., 46, 76
• Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519),
  2–3, 12, 14–15, 23, 30, 40,
  52, 55, 115–16, 120, 140–9,
  158–9, 168, 170
• Leonardo's window, see Alberti's
  window
• LeWitt, Sol, 168–9
• Liotard, J. E., 76
• Lippi, Fra Filippo (ca. 1406–69),
  16
• Lishman, J. R., 154
• Lumsden, E. A., 54
• Lynes, J. A., 34

• Malevich, Kasimir Severinovich
  (1878–1935), 168, 170
• Malton, T., 115
• Manetti, Antonio di Tuccio, 32–
  3, 127
• Mantegna, Andrea (1431–1506),
  opp. 1, 1, 7–12, 14–16, 24–
  5, 44–5, 124, 137–40, 148,
  158
• Marcus, J., 157–8
• Marginal distortions, 126
• of columns, 115–16
• of cubes, 104–8, 111, 113,
  145–6
• of spheres, 112–15
• and Uccello, 120

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190




• Martin, Kenneth (b. 1905), 130–
  1, 134
• Masaccio (Tommaso di Ser Giovanni)
  (1401–ca. 1428), 2–3,
  17–18, 28–9, 52–3
• Mastai, M.-L. d'O, 45, 69, 76
• Master of Frankfurt, 69
• Mayhew, J. W., 86
• Mercedes-Benz trademark, perspective
  of, 101–3
• Merleau-Ponty, M., 150
• Mimetophobia, 122
• see also Perspective, disdain for
• Modern art, see Gimmick
• Morley, T., 86
• Murray, L., 119
• Murray, P., 119

• Nonrectangular bodies, perspective
  of, 120–1

• Olmer, p., 91, 104–8, 110–13,
  116
• Ono, H., 43, 150
• Orthogonals, 2, 3, 6, 91, 138,
  140, 146

• Pallucchini, P., 10
• Panofsky, E., 162–5, 172–3
• Paradox, perceptual, 83–6
• Parallel lines, perspective of, 27,
  29, 31, 122–3, 138
• Pastore, N., 19, 33
• Paz, O., 132
• Pedretti, C., 140–3, 145, 148
• Peepshow, 112, 116, 127–9, 134,
  137
• Brunelleschi's, 32–4, 37, 49–
  52, 57, 86, 127–8, 137, 148
• and illusion of depth, 33, 39,
  45–7, 49, 51
• Rosinski et al. and, 57–62
• van Hoogstraten and, 45–6
• see also Gimmick
• Perkins, D. N., 97–100
• Perkins's laws, 99–103, 111–13,
  46
• Perspective
• central, see Projection, central
• conventionality of 163–6
• dilemma of, 88–9, 98–9, 102–
  3, 138–9
• disdain for, 121–2
• exaggerated, 104–5, 107, 11,
  113
• illusion of depth, 41–7, 41–7,
  49–51, 148
• inverse problem of, 28–9, 54–
  6, 88
• one-point, 91; see also Construzione
  legittima
• and predicted distortions, 52–
  62, 92, 140, 147
• and progress, 166–72
• robustness of, 52, 54, 56, 61–
  2, 64, 84–9, 91–2, 95, 103–4,
  128, 137, 144, 146, 148
• see also Marginal distortions;
  Projective surrogate; names
  of geometric figures and of
  objects
• Perspective, functions of
• cache of allusions, 15–16
• discrepancy between viewer's
• real and experienced line of
• sight, 138–40, 148, 158
• discrepancy between viewer's
• real and experienced points
• of view, 1, 137, 140–9,
  158–9
• illusionistic, 1–2
• narrative focus, 2–3
• structural focus, 3–4, 6
• Perspective cabinet, see
  Peepshow
• Perspective normale, 104, 106, 108,
  110
• Perugino, il (Pietro Vannucci)
  (ca. 1448–1523), 6–7
• Peruzzi, Baldassare (1481–1536),
  44, 46
• Petry, H. M., 81–2
• photo of photo, 93–5
• Photography, 17, 20, 44, 46–8,
  51
• lens, 20, 47–8
• pinhole, 20
• projection, 92
• Piaget, J., 166–7, 171–2
• Picture plane, 19–23, 26–30, 53,
  123–5, 139–41, 146, 148

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191




• invisibility of, 41, 43–7, 49–51,
  56–62, 91–2
• perception of, 87–8, 91–5
• tilted, 26–8, 138
• Picture taking, 17–18, 20
• Piero della Francesca (ca. 1410/
  1420–92), 1–4, 6, 171
• Pignatti, T., 11
• Pirenne, M. H., 12, 20, 43–6,
  56–7, 62, 92–4, 112, 163
• Pisanello, il (Antonio Pisano)
  (before 1395–after 1450), 16
• Point of view, 22
• viewer's real, 1, 41, 43–5, 52,
  54, 56–64, 84–7, 91–4, 102–
  4, 123–5, 137, 140, 142,
  144–5, 147–8, 158–9
• virtual (experienced by
  viewer), 1, 55, 137–40, 144–
  5, 148, 150–9; see also
  Egocenter
• see also Center(s) of Projection
• Pollitt, J. J., 161
• Pope-Hennessy, J., 118
• Pozzo, Fra Andrea (1642–1709),
  42–5, 57, 79, 91–2, 145
• Prager, F. D., 34
• Price, R., 129
• Prince of rays, see Ray, principal
• Projection
• central, 20–3, 26–8, 31, 43, 53,
  100, 104, 111–12, 114–7,
  120–6, 139, 165, 171
• parallel, 100, 111–12
• Projective surrogate, perspective
  as, 40–1, 49
• Goodman's critique of, 122–3
  see also, Surrogate
• Psychoanalysis, 12
• Puppi, L., 11

• Raine, K., 65
• Raphael Sanzio (1483–1520), 3,
  5, 112–16
• Ray
• principal, 19, 21, 27–8, 112–
  16, 120, 126, 139–40
• projecting, 19, 21–2, 26–7
• Ray, Man (1890–1976), 133
• Read, H., 122
• Rectangular corner, perspective
  of, 99–103
• Right angle, perspective of, 99–
  103
• Rock, I., 66–7, 81
• Roemer, M., 152–4
• Rosen, E., 19
• Rosenberg, H., 134
• Rosinski, R. R., 54–5, 57–62
• Rousseau, Theodore (1812–67),
  62–4, 85
• Rubin, E., 81
• Ruskin, J., 78

• Sanders, A., 106–9
• Sanpaolesi, P., 28–9
• Santapà, F., 44
• Scaglia, G., 34
• Schlosberg, H., 50–1
• Schuyt, M., 45, 76
• Shepard, R. N., 86, 100–3
• Smith, E., 100–3
• Smith, O. W., 51
• Smith, P. C., 51
• Spencer, J. R., 11
• Sphere, perspective of, 113–14
• Spinelli, Parri (ca. 1397–1453),
  10
• Spinello Aretino (ca. 1346–1410),
  10
• Station point, see Center(s) of
  projection; Point of view,
  viewer's real
• Steinberg, L. 2, 140–9
• Stereoscopic vision, 39–41, 43,
  37, 50, 134–6
• Stevens, W., 17, 127
• Straight lines, perspective of, 26,
• Sukale, M., 38
• Surrogate, 41
• Suspension of disbelief, willing,
  80, 82
• see also Collusion, perceptual
• Symbolic form, see Perspective,
  conventionality of
• Sypher, W., 43

• Tetrahedron vertex, perspective
  of, 101–3
• Thom, R., 86

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• Tiled pavement, 28–31
• Tinguely, Jean (b. 1925), 131–2,
  134
• Transformation, see Perspective
  and predicted distortions;
  Projection
• Trompe l'oeil, 68–81, 83
• Turock, D., 157–8

• Uccello, Paolo (Paolo di Dono)
  (1397–1475), 16, 116–20, 168
• Unconscious inference, 67, 85–6,
  97, 139

• Vaillant, Wallerant (Wallerand)
  (1623–77), 75, 80
• Van der Vaart, J. (1647–1721),
  75–6
• Van Eyck, Jan (ca. 1390/1400–
  41), 23–5, 69, 72
• Vanishing point(s) 2–4, 6, 26–31,
  89–91, 100, 137–41, 143
• conjugate, 31, 89, 92
• horizontal, 26–7
• vertical, 26–7
• see also Distance points
• Vantage point, see Center(s) of
  projection; Point of view,
  viewer's real
• Vasari, G., 33–7
• Vermeer, Johannes (1632–75), 45
• Vertical line, perspective of, 26,
  29, 122–3, 138
• Viewpoint, see Center(s) of
  projection
• Vitruvius, 163
• Vredman de Vries, Jan (Hans)
  (1527–ca. 1604), 55–6

• Wagner, M., 66
• Wallach, H., 62–3
• Welch, R. B., 165
• Welliver, W., 6–7, 15–16
• Wells, W. C., 150
• Wheatstone, Sir Charles, 39–40
• Wheelock, A. K., Jr., 46
• White, J., 33, 87, 115, 118–20
• Window, perceived, 23–4, 87;
• see also Alberti's window
• Zurbarán, Francisco de (1598–
  1664), 70, 73