 | The University of Virginia record March 15, 1929 |  |
COURSES OF INSTRUCTION
In the following description of courses,[4]
the number of hours represents the
amount of time each student devotes to the course. In addition to the hours
scheduled in the third and fourth years of the course, each student devotes a considerable
amount of time to practical work which does not appear in the schedule,
but the satisfactory performance of which is essential to graduation. Thus the
taking of histories, the visits to his cases in the hospital, assisting at operations,
attendance upon cases of labor, the employment of microscopical and chemical
methods of diagnosis in the hospital, require much time which it has not seemed
possible to record in a rigid schedule.
The session, exclusive of the time devoted to examination, is divided into a fall
term of twelve weeks, a winter term of ten weeks, and a spring term of ten weeks.
First Year
Anatomy 1: Twenty-four hours weekly during the first term and twelve
hours weekly during the second term. This course begins with a systematic study
of the bones, on the completion of which a part is assigned to each student for
dissection and study. On the completion of this course each student has dissected
a lateral half of the body. The student obtains his knowledge at first hand and
by his own personal efforts. The work in gross anatomy is completed in Anatomy
of the second year.
Dr. Bean and Dr. Speidel.
Anatomy 2: Six hours weekly during the third term. This course consists
of a laboratory study of the anatomy of the central nervous system carried
out in considerable detail. The gross anatomy of the spinal cord and brain is
first considered, on the completion of which sections of the more important regions
are studied carefully with the aid of the microscope. Fresh brains and series of
sections of the cord and brain are thoroughly used. A reconstruction of the
central nervous system showing the more important pathways is prepared by each
student.
Dr. Bean and Dr. Speidel.
Histology: Three lectures or recitations and six hours of laboratory work
weekly during the first and second terms. This course aims to acquaint the student
with the microscopic structure of tissues and organs. Cytogenesis and histogenesis
are briefly considered in the case of many tissues studied. The relation
of histology to physiology and pathology is constantly kept in view. The student
is also given opportunity to acquaint himself with the principles and practice of
histological technique.
A record of seventy per cent. in this course is required for admission to
Physiology, and of eighty per cent. for admission to Pathology.
Dr. Jordan and Dr. Kindred.
Embryology: Nine hours weekly during the third term. The laboratory
work (six hours weekly) with sections and dissections of mammalian embryos,
is supplemented by lectures, recitations, and the study of models. The course aims
to give the student a knowledge of developmental processes, in the light of which
he may the better understand the more abstruse normal conditions of adult
anatomy, as well as many anomalies and variations.
Dr. Jordan and Dr. Kindred.
Biochemistry: Lectures and recitations, three hours weekly during the second
and third terms; and laboratory work six hours weekly during the second
term and nine hours weekly during the third term. Course comprises the chemistry
of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates; digestion, intestinal putrefaction, feces; blood,
milk, and bile; particular attention is devoted to the chemical physiology of digestion,
secretion, excretion, internal secretion, intermediary metabolism, and nutrition.
Laboratory work includes the study of carbohydrates, fats, proteins, purine compounds,
etc.; gastric contents, blood, milk, and urine; the digestive enzymes and
the digestion of foods; and extensive qualitative and quantitative work on urine.
A grade of seventy per cent. on this course is required for admission to Physiology.
Dr. Chanutin and Mr. Silvette.
Second Year
Anatomy 3: Eight hours weekly during the second term. This course is
the continuation of Anatomy 1, and consists of the systematic study of topographic
anatomy, with the aid of cross sections of the human body, special dissections, and
wet preparations with a review of the whole body in relation to the needs of the
student in general medicine and surgery. At the end of this course a practical
examination is given, covering the work of Anatomy 1, 2 and 3.
Dr. Bean and Dr. Speidel.
Physiology: Lectures, recitations, and demonstrations, six hours weekly during
the first term, five hours during the second term, two hours during the third
term; laboratory work, six hours weekly during the first term, two hours weekly
during the second term. In the lecture course attention is drawn to the fundamental
branches of the subject, and the more difficult aspects are thoroughly discussed.
Recent important experimental results are evaluated, and the student is
directed to consult the monographs and original sources. The laboratory work
consists of preliminary elemental experiments on the neuromuscular system, followed
by intensive courses in mammalian and human physiology. A thesis on a
selected physiological topic is written during the year by each student. Open only
to students who have obtained grades of seventy per cent. in Histology and
Biochemistry. An average grade of seventy per cent. and the satisfactory completion
of the laboratory work of this course is necessary for admission to
Pharmacology.
Dr. Britton and Assistants.
Bacteriology: Twelve hours weekly throughout the first term. Systematic
course in medical bacteriology, with emphasis on public health, differential diagnostic
methods and the foundation of serology and infection.
Dr. Marshall, Dr. Brumfield and Dr. Graham.
Pathology: Six and one-half hours weekly during the first term, eight hours
weekly during the second term, and twelve hours weekly during the third term.
First term: Gross pathology of selected tissues and diseases; the study of infection
and immunity in connection with bacteriology; autopsies and autopsy interpretations.
Second and third terms: General and special pathology; autopsy
studies. Opportunities for research for qualified students.
Dr. Marshall, Dr. Brumfield and Dr. Graham.
Materia Medica: Lectures and recitations six hours weekly and laboratory
work four hours weekly, during the first three-fourths of the winter term. A
thorough study is made of the sources, preparation, composition, properties and
interactions of medicinal substances to the end that they may be intelligently prescribed.
Special attention is paid to their standardization for purity and potency.
Prescription writing and incompatibility are dealt with in frequent practical exercises.
While the consideration of the more important preparations of the
Pharmacopeia and the New and Non-Official Remedies consumes the greater portion
of the allotted time, the course is concluded with a critical study of many
of the so-called patent medicines.
Dr. J. A. Waddell and Assistants.
Toxicology: Lectures and recitations six hours weekly and laboratory work
four hours weekly, during the last quarter of the winter term. A systematic
review is made of the pharmacological action of such chemic agents as are particularly
liable to cause injury to health or loss of life, special attention being
given to their quantitative effects. Practical instruction is given in the methods
of isolating and identifying. The treatment of poisoning is dealt with in detail.
Dr. J. A. Waddell and Assistants.
Pharmacology: Lectures, recitations and demonstrations six hours weekly
and laboratory work six hours weekly, during the spring term. The physical and
chemical characteristics and the mode of action of representative drugs and other
chemic agents are dealt with in both didactic and practical exercises. Special
attention is given to analysing and interpreting the results obtained in the laboratory.
An average grade of seventy per cent. on Physiology together with the
satisfactory completion of the laboratory work of Physiology is required for admission
to the course.
Dr. J. A. Waddell and Assistants.
Physical Diagnosis: Four hours weekly during the third term. Instruction
is given in the principles and methods of physical examination. Attention is given
especially to the study of the normal subject.
Dr. Flippin, Dr. Mulholland and Dr. Wood.
Third Year
Clinical Diagnosis: Six hours weekly during the first and second terms.
In this course the student is made familiar with those laboratory methods which
are helpful in the diagnosis of disease. These include, among others, the examination
of blood, urine, sputum, gastric contents, feces, spinal fluid, exudates and
transudates. Instruction is given in the Clinical Laboratory in the new Medical
Building, which is well equipped with the most modern instruments and apparatus.
Dr. Bray.
Theory and Practice of Medicine: Three hours weekly of lectures and
recitations throughout the session; six hours weekly in the clinics for one-half
the session. A systematic course of lectures, supplemented by work in the outpatient
department and hospital. The class is divided into two sections, each of
which devotes itself for half the year to the medical service in the out-patient
department, and also twice a week receives instruction on selected cases in the
wards of the hospital. There is a general medical clinic once a week in the hospital
amphitheater.
Dr. Flippin, Dr. Daniel, Dr. Nelson, Dr. Smith, Dr. Mulholland,
Dr. Wood, Dr. Blackford, Dr. Kimbrough and Dr. Hart.
Dermatology and Syphilology: Four hours weekly of lectures during the
third term, supplemented by clinics in the out-patient department. The importance,
etiology, prophylaxis, pathology, clinical history, diagnosis and treat
ment of syphilis are discussed. After review of the anatomic and histologic structure
and physiology of the skin the diseases commonly met with are discussed.
The main object in this course is not to train specialists but to give all the students
basic information regarding the diagnosis and treatment of the common skin
is emphasized. This subject is completed in the fourth year, q. v.
Dr. Smith and Dr. Kimbrough.
Surgery and Gynecology: Two hours weekly of lectures and recitations,
for the first term, three hours weekly for the second term, five hours weekly for the
third term, and one hour weekly of surgical clinic throughout the session; with
six hours weekly in the out-patient department for six weeks, and two hours
weekly in ward rounds for one term. The study of surgery begins in the third
year and continues through the fourth year. In the third year the classroom work
consists of lectures and recitations, as arranged in the schedule, in which the
principles and practice of surgery, surgical diseases, surgical diagnosis, etc., are
thoroughly discussed. The out-patient department course in the third year gives
opportunities for diagnosis and treatment of clinical cases under close personal
supervision. Experience in dressings, bandaging, anesthesia and minor surgery
is afforded. Surgical appliances and technique are demonstrated to the students,
divided into small groups. The work in gynecology follows the outlines already
described for surgery. In addition, the out-patient department affords practice in
palpation, diagnosis and treatment.
Dr. Lehman, Dr. Goodwin, Dr. Meade, Dr. Morton and Dr. Rollins.
Urology and Proctology: Of the total time assigned to surgery, two lecture
hours weekly for the first term, and six hours weekly in the out-patient department
for one-eighth of the session are devoted to urology and proctology. In the
classroom a general survey of the surgery of the genito-urinary tract and rectum
is made by lectures and recitations. Especial emphasis is placed upon modern
methods of diagnosis and treatment. In the out-patient department, one-eighth of
the class at a time obtains supervised experience in handling clinical cases and
performing minor operations. Opportunity is afforded for the observation of
cystoscopic and proctoscopic procedures.
Dr. Neff and Dr. Koontz.
Orthopedics: Two hours weekly during the second and third terms, supplemented
by practical work in the out-patient department.
Dr. Voshell.
Roentgenology: Lectures, and practical demonstrations to the class in sections
throughout the year. The application of the X-rays to medicine and the
interpretation of plates in diagnosis.
Dr. Archer and Dr. Peterson.
Phthisiotherapy: Six hours weekly for eight weeks, with each of the four
sections of the class. The work is given in three two-hour sessions a week, held
at the Blue Ridge Sanatorium, and consists of demonstrations, ward rounds and
assignment of cases for history taking and physical examination. At the end of
each clinic session the case history, physical signs, X-ray plates and laboratory
findings are compared in conference. The procedure followed aims to instruct in
the diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis by systematically presenting each step
separately at first and later combining them all in the full consideration of the
case, including the management and treatment of the patient both in institutions
and private practice.
Dr. Brown, Dr. Stafford and Dr. Shelton.
Obstetrics and Gynecology: Three hours of lectures weekly throughout first
and second terms, covering physiology and pathology of pregnancy, parturition,
and puerperium.
Dr. Calkins and Dr. Morgan.
Pediatrics: Twenty-three hours during the fall term; thirty hours during
the winter term, supplemented by practical work in the out-patient department,
childrens clinic. Each section gets seventy hours in the clinic. This is two and
one-half hours three times a week for each section. The observation and recording
of symptoms and signs is taught and a definite amount of diagnosis and
treatment. Twelve hours during each term are devoted to case conference in
which an intensive course is given in record keeping with an explanation of the
significance of the signs and symptoms elicited during examination. Twelve hours
during this term is given to field work which consists of sending students under
the supervision of the Social Service Worker into the field to observe home conditions
and make a general sociological survey. Students are then sent out under
supervision for an independent report.
Dr. Royster and Dr. W. W. Waddell.
Elective Courses: In the second and third terms each student may take an
elective course of approximately five hours weekly. Elective courses vary from
year to year, and include both pre-clinical and clinical subjects.
Fourth Year
Theory and Practice of Medicine: One hour weekly of medical clinic
throughout the session; five hours weekly of ward classes for one-half the session
with each of the two sections of the class. Full histories are taken of every
case, thorough examinations made, and management indicated by the students.
These records are considered in their final grading.
Dr. Flippin, Dr. Mulholland, Dr. Wood, Dr. Blackford and Dr. Gandy.
Nervous Diseases and Insanity: Three lectures and recitations weekly, supplemented
by clinical work during the first and second terms. In this course is
given also instruction in electrotherapeutics.
Dr. Flippin.
Case Teaching, Medical Ethics and Economics, and Insurance Examinations:
Two hours weekly during the third term.
Dr. Flippin.
Internal Medicine: Two lectures weekly throughout the session. In this
course the endeavor is made to bring to the attention of the senior student the
more important problems of Internal Medicine. The relationship of recent investigations
in the fields of normal and pathological physiology, biochemistry,
immunology, etc., to internal diseases is especially emphasized. No text-book is
used; students are referred to the files and current issues of journals and to reference
works in the Medical Library as sources of information.
Dr. Flippin, Dr. Mulholland and Dr. Hart.
Dermatology and Syphilology: Two ward rounds weekly for nine weeks.
Hospital beds for infectious and late syphilis and interesting dermatological cases
are liberally supplied. This permits intensive study by senior students.
Dr. Smith and Dr. Kimbrough.
Surgery and Gynecology: One hour weekly of surgical clinic throughout
the session; five hours weekly of ward classes, supplemented by clinic work in the
wards and operating room for one-half the session with each of the two sections
of the class.
Instruction in surgery is carried on by clinics and bedside demonstrations in
the hospital. In the wards the students are assigned cases, whose histories they
must take. They must also make complete physical and clinical examinations,
urine analyses, blood examinations, etc. In the ward rounds the diagnosis, operative
and other treatment, post-operative care of the cases, complications, prognosis,
etc., are discussed in detail. A large variety of cases is available and the
close contact of the students with their cases and with the routine of hospital
management offers many of the opportunities that an interneship affords. In the
operating rooms the students, in small groups, take part in the operations, thus acquiring
familiarity with technique, anesthetization, etc. Those of the class who
are not assisting witness the operations, whose important features are demonstrated
to them.
In gynecology, urology and orthopedics the students have the same general
work as in surgery, consisting of the examination and the recording of the cases
in the public wards, attendance on ward rounds, at which the cases are discussed,
and observation and assistance in the operating rooms.
Dr. Lehman, Dr. Goodwin, Dr. Neff, Dr. Voshell, Dr. Meade, Dr. Morton
and Dr. Rollins.
Orthopedics: Two hours weekly throughout one-fourth the year for ward
rounds.
Dr. Voshell and Dr. Ergenbright.
Surgical Pathology: Two hours weekly during one-fourth the session.
This course is intended to supplement the general courses in pathology and surgery
and consists of lectures upon the pathology of surgical lesions, demonstrations
of fresh tissues obtained from the operating rooms, and examination of microscopic
sections.
Dr. Meade and Dr. Morton.
Obstetrics and Gynecology: In small groups throughout the year instruction
is given in the practical observation of, and participation in, the care of the
pregnant and parturient woman, in the Hospital wards and labor room. Ward
rounds, and mannequin demonstrations and practice by the individual student.
Dr. Calkins, Dr. Morgan and Dr. Sims.
Entire class throughout the year, one hour weekly. Case analysis, and discussion
of special problems complete the training in these subjects.
Dr. Calkins and Dr. Morgan.
Pediatrics: Students are instructed in the wards of the hospital twice a
week in ward rounds. In addition all students serve as clinical clerks and have
cases assigned to them for their personal care under the direction of the professor
or instructor. Frequent clinics are held in the mountains, the students of
the fourth-year class being used as assistants in this work. Students are also
of formulae by practical experience.
Dr. Royster and Dr. W. W. Waddell.
Medical Jurisprudence: One lecture weekly during one term of the fourth
year. The application of medical knowledge and skill to the needs of the law is
presented. References to literature are assigned for the fuller development of
special topics.
Dr. J. A. Waddell.
Diseases of the Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat: Two lectures weekly during
the first two terms, supplemented by regular two- to three-hour clinics three
times a week throughout the session and clinical lectures to sections of the class
as suitable cases occur. The class is divided into small sections and each student
is taught the methods of examination and the use of the ophthalmoscope, head
mirror, and of the laryngeal and post-nasal mirrors. In the clinics each patient
is assigned to a student, who must take the history and keep the record of that
patient; the case is then demonstrated by the professor in charge, and, if possible,
each student makes his own examination under the personal supervision of the attending
physician. Clinical cases are abundant, and during the year the student
sees and handles practically all the common diseases of the eye, ear and upper
respiratory tract.
Dr. Hedges and Dr. Woodward.
Hygiene and Preventive Medicine: Two hours weekly throughout the session.
The course begins with a consideration of the main facts of hygiene as they
bear on the practice of medicine. It then proceeds to the consideration of the
natural history of contagious diseases, their modes of propagation and methods
of prevention. Instruction is also given in the proper location and construction of
habitations, hospitals, schoolhouses, etc., with special methods of heating, ventilating
and draining. Notice is taken of the special relations involved in military
and naval hygiene.
Dr. Young.
| The University of Virginia record March 15, 1929 | |