University of Virginia Library

DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING.

Edwin Anderson Alderman, Ph.B., D.C.L., LL.D. President.

William Mynn Thornton, B.A., LL.D. Dean.

                                                               

Francis Henry Smith, M.A., D.C.L., LL.D.	West Lawn
Emeritus Professor of Natural Philosophy.
William Mynn Thornton, B.A., LL.D.	Monroe Hill
Professor of Applied Mathematics.
Francis Perry Dunnington, B.S., C.E., M.E.	University Heights
Professor of Analytical and Industrial Chemistry.
William Holding Echols, B.S., C.E.	East Lawn
Professor of Pure Mathematics.
James Morris Page, M.A., Ph.D., LL.D.	McCormick Road
Professor of Pure Mathematics.
Thomas Leonard Watson, M.S., Ph.D.	University Place
Corcoran Professor of Geology.
Robert Montgomery Bird, B.A., B.S., Ph.D.	University Place
Collegiate Professor of Chemistry.
John Lloyd Newcomb, B.A., C.E.	West Range
Professor of Civil Engineering.
Charles Hancock, B.S.	University Place
Professor of Mechanical Engineering.
Llewellyn Griffith Hoxton, B.S., M.A.	Fry's Spring
Associate Professor of Physics.
Graham Edgar, B.S., Ph.D.	Monroe Hill
Associate Professor of Chemistry.
John Sharshall Grasty, A.B., Ph.D., Sc.D.	University Place
William Barton Rogers Associate Professor of Economic Geology.
Walter Sheldon Rodman, B.S., M.S.	West Main Street
Associate Professor of Electrical Engineering.
Carroll Mason Sparrow, B.A., Ph.D.	Monroe Hill
Adjunct Professor of Physics.
Jared Stout Lapham, M.E.	Chancellor Street
Adjunct Professor of Experimental Engineering.
Justus Henry Cline, M.A.	Altamont Circle
Adjunct Professor of Geology.

INSTRUCTORS.

         

Ernest Jackson Oglesby, M.A.	Mathematics
Gardner Lloyd Carter, M.A.	General Chemistry
Lyde Stuart Pratt, A.B., Ph.D.	Organic Chemistry
Eugene Price Brown, B.S.	Analytical Chemistry
John Earle Bomar, B.A., B.S., M.A.	Engineering Drawing

ASSISTANTS.

                       

Edward Tankard Browne, B.A.	Mathematics
John Ridout, Jr.	Mathematics
Robert Macdonald, Jr.	Physics
Francis Milton Massie, B.A.	Chemistry
Alfred Sheldon Wise	Wood Shop
Harold Lawson MacCarter	Machine Shop
Paul Frank Brown	Civil Engineering
Richard Emmett, Jr.	Civil Engineering
Lee Hoomes Williamson	Civil Engineering
Allen Whitney Wright	Electrical Engineering
Allen Waller Morton	Experimental Engineering
Charles Henderson	Engineering Drawing

STUDENT ASSISTANTS.

           

Ellis Nimmo Tucker	Mathematics
Reginald Clair Lamb	Physics
John Seward Lawrence	Physics
William Ellyson Currie	Chemistry
Judson Hall Robertson	Chemistry
B. Van Cortright Mekeel	Tool Room

ENTRANCE REQUIREMENTS.

For admission to the Freshman Class in the Department of Engineering
the candidate must be at least sixteen years old. He must present a certificate
of honorable withdrawal from the school last attended, or other valid
proof of general good character. He must further satisfy the Dean of the
University as to his adequate preparation for the work by passing the Entrance
Examinations specified below or by the presentation of equivalent
certificates of preparation signed by the President of a recognized institution
of collegiate rank, or by the Principal of an accredited high school.
The topics required for entrance and their values in units are as follows:

                     

English A.—Grammar and Grammatical Analysis	1
English B.—Composition and Rhetoric	1
English C.—Critical Study of Specimens of Literature	1
Mathematics A1.—Algebra to Quadratics	1
Mathematics A2.—Quadratics, Progressions, Binomial Formula	1
Mathematics B.—Plane Geometry	1
Mathematics C.—Solid Geometry	½
Mathematics D.—Plane Trigonometry	½
History.—Ancient; Mediæval; English; American (any one)	1
Electives	6
Total	14

High school students who expect to study engineering are advised to
include among their electives Physical Geography, Chemistry, Physics, Mechanical
Drawing, and Shop-work (valued at one unit each). Other electives
which may be offered are History of English and American Literature
(1 unit), History (4 units), Latin (4 units), Greek (2 units), German (4
units), French (4 units), Spanish (4 units), Botany (half unit), Zoölogy
(half unit).

A candidate may be admitted as a Conditioned Student in spite of some
deficiencies, provided these are not such as will impair the integrity of his
work. But no such candidate will be conditioned except upon subjects
actually taught in this university, nor will any candidate be conditioned on
more than two units; and all conditions must be absolved before the beginning
of the next session after initial registration. Courses taken for the
removal of entrance conditions may in no case be counted as part of the
work credited for any degree. No conditions will be allowed in English A,
or B, or in Mathematics A1, A2, or B.

A candidate may be admitted as a Special Student, without formal
examination, provided he is more than twenty years old, and gives evidence
of serious purpose and of fitness to pursue with profit the courses for
which he is registered. No special student may be a candidate for any degree.
No conditioned student may register later as a special student.

COURSES OF INSTRUCTION.

The candidate who has satisfied the requirements for entrance as above
defined is matriculated as a student of Engineering and admitted to the
Freshman Class. The studies of this class comprise lecture-courses in
Mathematics, Chemistry and Engineering, with associated laboratory
courses in Chemistry, Drawing, Shop-work and Field-work.

For advancement to the Sophomore Class the student must have completed
at least two-thirds of his Freshman work. Upon entering this class
he elects his specialty. The courses thereafter diverge according as the
student is an applicant for a degree in Civil, Mechanical, Electrical, Chemical,
or Mining Engineering. Programs of study for each degree are given
below.

The courses are so ordered that the specified entrance requirements are
adequate for the work of the Freshman Year. Each succeeding year presupposes
the completion of the work for all the foregoing years. Students
are advised to adhere strictly to the regular programs. The arrangements
specified in them have been carefully planned and are the best. Departures
from the curriculum will in almost every case produce conflicts in lecture
hours or laboratory periods and may cost the student a year's time. Haphazard
election is discouraged and in extreme cases will be prohibited. No
student will be registered for a course unless, in the opinion both of the Dean
and of the professor, his preliminary training has fitted him for the profitable
pursuit of that course.

Students are especially advised against the attempt to crowd too many
studies into their scheme of work, and are warned that admission to advanced
courses will be granted only to those who have adequate mathematical
and scientific training to profit by them. Men overloaded with
work, too great in volume or in difficulty for their powers, suffer inevitable
discouragement and incur almost certain failure.

Changes of classes with transfer of fees may be made, subject to the approval
of the Dean, within two weeks after the beginning of any term.
Thereafter such changes may be made only by special order of the Faculty,
and then without transfer of fees.

Every candidate for a degree in Engineering will be required at the beginning
of his graduating year to submit to the Dean some subject for independent
study suited to the student's especial course and aims. After such
subject has been approved by the Dean and the professor in charge, the
student will be expected to carry out for himself the necessary literary and
laboratory researches and to present his results in the form of a Graduating
Thesis. Such thesis must be typewritten on standard sheets, 8 by 10½
inches, bound in a durable stiff cover, and handed in for final approval not
later than May 25th. All necessary computations and drawings must accompany
the thesis. Serious weight will be given to this work in estimating
the student's fitness for graduation.

In the following matter describing subjects of instruction, in the various
programs of courses, and in lecture, laboratory and examination schedules,

these subjects of instruction are grouped into nine classes, each subject being
designated by a distinctive number for each term, the lecture and laboratory
courses being likewise differentiated.

The grouping by classes follows the arrangement shown herewith:

                 

Mathematics	100 to 199
Physics	200 to 299
Chemistry	300 to 399
Geology and Mining	400 to 499
Mechanics	500 to 599
Drawing and Shop-work	600 to 699
Civil Engineering	700 to 799
Mechanical Engineering	800 to 899
Electrical Engineering	900 to 999

Lecture-courses are listed in the first fifty numbers of all classes;
laboratory or practice courses are listed in the second fifty numbers of all
classes.

MATHEMATICS.

Freshman Mathematics. [Page.]

9-10, M. W. F.

100. Trigonometry.

A complete course in Plane and Spherical Trigonometry is pursued
with constant drill in the solution of problems, and exercises in the use of
logarithms. (Fall.)

101. College Algebra.

The work begins with the Progressions and proceeds with the study
of the Binomial Formula, of the Convergence and Divergence of Series, and
of the Binomial, Exponential and Logarithmic Series. The study of Inequalities
and Determinants prepares for the Theory of Equations with
which the course is closed. (Winter.)

102. Analytical Geometry.

In this elementary course the study of Cartesian and Polar Coördinates
is followed by numerous exercises on the graphical representation of equations.
Special attention is given to the straight line and the representation
of the general equation of the first degree in two variables. The course
is intended to prepare for the fuller study of the Analytical Geometry of
the Conic Sections. (Spring.)

Sophomore Mathematics. [Echols.]

12-1, M. W. F.

103. Conic Sections.

This course in Analytical Geometry takes the subject up at the point
left off in Course 102 and completes the study of the conic in its particular

and general forms; a brief examination of curves referred to polar coördinates
is then followed by the special study of a number of classical curves.
The Differential Calculus is begun and the remainder of the term spent on
exercises in differentiation of functions. (Fall.)

104. Differential Calculus.

The Differential Calculus is continued and applied to ample exercises in
the Expansion of Functions, Evaluation of Indeterminate Forms and problems
of Maximum and Minimum for functions of one variable. The method
is then applied to the Geometry of Curves, Tangencies, Curvature, Envelopes
and Curve Tracing. (Winter.)

105. Integral Calculus.

The Integral Calculus is taken up; the integral is defined, and exercises
in elementary integration prepare for the application to numerous
problems in Lengths, Areas and Volumes. When time permits a brief introduction
to ordinary differential equations will be given. (Spring.)

PHYSICS.

200-201-202. General Physics. [Hoxton.]

11-12, T. Th. S.

The elements of Mechanics, Sound, Heat, Electricity and Magnetism
and Light. Instruction is given by lectures, text-books, recitations, and
problems, with experimental demonstrations. (Fall, Winter, Spring.)

203-204. Electricity and Magnetism. [Hoxton.]

3 hours a week.

The elements of the classical mathematical theory and an introduction
to modern ideas of electricity are given. (Fall and Winter.)

250-251-252. General Physics Laboratory. [Sparrow and Assistants.]

9-11, M. W. F.

This course accompanies 200-1-2. Emphasis is laid upon those fundamental
principles and phenomena which underlie engineering problems.
Written reports of laboratory work are required. Problem work and oral
recitation on Friday. (Fall, Winter, Spring.)

253-254. Electricity and Magnetism Laboratory [Hoxton.]

3-5, T. Th.

This course accompanies 203-4. Emphasis is laid upon methods of
standardizing and experimental studies in the behavior and underlying
principles of measuring instruments and other electric apparatus. (Fall and
Winter.)

CHEMISTRY.

300-301-302. General Chemistry. [Bird.]

10-11, T. Th. S.

The fundamental principles and phenomena of inorganic, organic and
physical chemistry are discussed, and the foundations of analytical chemistry
are dealt with at appropriate places. Most of the time is devoted to
inorganic phenomena. No previous study of chemistry is demanded. (Fall,
Winter, Spring.)

303-304-305. Physical Chemistry. [Edgar.]

11-12, M. W. F.

Some knowledge of the calculus is required, and previous work in
Physics is desirable. This course will include work upon such topics as the
gas laws, kinetic theory of gases, the properties of dilute solutions, osmotic
pressure, the determination of molecular weights, mass action, reaction
velocity and equilibrium, electrolysis and electrolytic dissociation, the phase
rule, etc. General Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry prerequisite. (Fall,
Winter, Spring.)

306-307-308. Advanced Inorganic Chemistry. [Bird.]

12-1, Th. F. S.

The lectures deal with the fundamental theories and laws of chemical
action. Parallel reading in the history of Chemistry is required. See 31213-14
below. General Physical and Advanced Analytical Chemistry prerequisite.
(Fall, Winter, Spring.)

309-310-311. Organic Chemistry. [Edgar.]

9-10, M. W. F.

This course is intended to serve as an introduction to the general subject
of Organic Chemistry, including chemical synthesis and the theories
of molecular structure, as applied to the compounds of Carbon. This
course is optional, but it is recommended for those who may have sufficient
advanced standing to enable them to give the time to it. General Chemistry
prerequisite. (Fall, Winter, Spring.)

312-313-314. Advanced Organic Chemistry. [Pratt.]

3 hours a week.

During the first term some time will be devoted to a review of the historical
development of the subject, with special attention to fundamental
theories. Parallel reading will be assigned. The remainder of the year will
be devoted to an intimate study of one or more of the special phases of
Organic Chemistry, such as Dyes and Indicators, Carbohydrates, Terpenes,
Polymethylenes, Coal Tar Products, etc. Reading from the scientific journals
and reference books will be assigned.

The laboratory work will consist of the more difficult organic preparations,
partially adapted to the topics under discussion in the lectures, special
attention being given to a quantitative study of the reactions. (Fall, Winter,
Spring.)

330-331-332. Analytical Chemistry. [Dunnington.]

10-11, T. Th. S.

The course consists of three lectures a week, throughout the session,
followed by practical experiments in the laboratory. Weekly written exercises
are required. The work is divided among the three terms as follows:
First Term; A course in Chemical manipulation, Blowpipe Analysis, Recognition
of ores, Fire Assaying of ores of Lead, Gold and Silver. Second
Term; A systematic course in Inorganic Qualitative Analysis. Third Term;
Practice in the analysis of salts, alloys and ores, and the examination of
potable water, coal, limestone, clay and so on, including some simpler quantitative
determinations. (Fall, Winter, Spring.)

333-334-335. Advanced Analytical Chemistry. [Dunnington.]

10-11, M. W. F.

The work of this course is also given in three lessons a week throughout
the session. This course is primarily one in Quantitative Analysis.
After some training in manipulation and gravimetric estimations, the class
pursues volumetric estimations and a full course in Quantitative Analysis
of minerals, ores, coal, soil, iron and steel, technical products, and so on.
Weekly written exercises are required. As the student advances in the
course he is encouraged to undertake original research and assist in its
prosecution; and in determining his fitness for graduation, work of this
kind is considered as having much weight. (Fall, Winter, Spring.)

336-337-338. Industrial Chemistry. [Dunnington.]

3-4:30, M. W. F.

This course is concerned with the applications of chemistry to the purposes
of human life. The Fall Term is devoted to the metallurgy and uses
of iron, steel, copper and all the other important metals, with the manufacture
of pottery, brick, lime, cement and explosives.

The Winter Term deals with the manufacture of acids, alkalies, salts,
fertilizers and glass, and the preparation of foods and waters.

The Spring Term considers the preparation of starch products and
flavorings, and the chemistry of dyeing, tanning, rubber, paints, lubricants,
disinfectants, lighting, heating, and refrigeration.

Weekly exercises in chemical computations are regularly required, and
a weekly written examination is held at 12-1 on Tuesday.

The collections of the University in illustration of the processes and
products of Industrial Chemistry have been procured at much expense and
pains in this country, England, France and Germany, and are extensive
and good; among the best on this side of the Atlantic.

Laboratory Courses.

350-351-352. General Chemistry. [Bird and Instructors.]

12-2, T. Th. S.

353-354-355. Physical Chemistry. [Edgar and Instructor.]

6 hours a week.

356-357-358. Advanced Inorganic Chemistry. [Bird.]

12 hours a week.

359-360-361. Organic Chemistry. [Edgar and Instructor.]

2-4, M. W. F.

362-363-364. Advanced Organic Chemistry. [Edgar.]

12 hours a week.

380-381-382. Analytical Chemistry. [Dunnington and Instructor.]

9 hours a week.

383-384-385. Advanced Analytical Chemistry. [Dunnington and Instructor.]

12 hours a week.

The Chemical Journal Club meets every other Thursday from 11 a. m.
to 12 m. in Professor Bird's lecture-room, for the critical review and discussion
of various topics of interest in current chemical literature, and of such
chemical researches as may be in progress in the university.

GEOLOGY AND MINING.

400-401-402. Engineering Geology. [Watson.]

1-2, M. T. W.

A course of three lectures a week and three hours for private study.
Special emphasis is given to the study of common rock-forming minerals
and rocks, building stones and ores. The divisions of Dynamical, Structural
and Physiographical Geology are covered in considerable detail,
and the practical applications of the topics treated to engineering work are
pointed out. (Fall, Winter, Spring.)

403-404-405. Economic Geology. [Watson.]

12-1, M. T. W.

This course is designed to give a general but comprehensive account
of the origin, nature, distribution and uses of the metallic and non-metallic
products of the earth with especial reference to those of the United States.
Lectures and collateral reading six hours a week. (Fall, Winter, Spring.)

406-407.—Petrography. [Cline.]

This course aims to give a full knowledge of the determination of the
common rock-forming minerals and rocks in thin sections under the microscope.
It includes discussion of the microscopic structure, mineralogical
composition, genetic relations, and distribution of igneous, sedimentary,
and metamorphic rocks. Lectures, and preparation to the amount of nine
hours per week. (Winter, Spring.)

420-421-422. Mining. [Thornton.]

9-10, Th. F. S.

Exploitation of mines, mining machinery and the uses of electricity
in mining. (Fall, Winter, Spring.)

Laboratory Courses.

450-451-452. Engineering Geology. [Cline.]

6 hours a week.

453-454-455. Economic Geology. [Watson.]

6 hours a week.

456-457. Petrography. [Watson and Cline.]

9 hours a week.

MECHANICS.

Freshman and Sophomore Mathematics and General Physics are prerequisite.
Free use is made of analytical geometry and the calculus;
unprepared students will not be registered for these courses.

Theoretical Mechanics. [Thornton.]

10-11, M. W. F.

500. Statics and Elementary Dynamics.

Fundamental dynamical principles and the Newtonian laws of motion.
Statics of the material particle, of the plane lamina, and of solid bodies
in three dimensions; equilibrium of rigid bodies and of flexible cables;
friction; centers of gravity; work and energy. Uniform motion; uniformly
varied motion; projectile motion; simple harmonic motion; pendulum motion.
Elementary dynamics of Rotation. (Fall.)

501. Dynamics of a Particle.

More advanced treatment of the dynamics of a particle. Rectilinear
motion; harmonic motion; meteoric motion; pendulum motion; planetary
motion; motion in a resisting medium; oscillatory motion. (Winter.)

502. Dynamics of a Rigid Body.

General equations for the motion of a rigid body; moments of inertia;
motions of rigid bodies about fixed axes, parallel to fixed planes, and
around fixed points; the compound pendulum; the top; balancing of engines.
(Spring.)

Junior Applied Mechanics. [Thornton.]

9-10, M. T. W.

503. Strength of Materials.

Fundamental laws of stress and strain; experimental methods for the
determination of the strength and elasticity of elastic solids; ties and
struts; beams of constant and varied sections; beam deflections by both
direct and accelerated methods; columns under both axial and eccentric
loads; struts and ties under lateral loads; reinforced concrete slabs and
beams. (Fall.)

504. Hydrostatics and Hydraulics.

Fundamental laws of the equilibrium of fluids; strength and stability
of tanks, boiler shells, thick pipes, reservoir walls, lock walls, and dams.
Elementary principles of the motion of fluids; efflux from orifices; discharge
over weirs; flow in pipes and canals; gauging the flow of water in natural
and artificial channels. (Winter.)

505. Hydraulic Motors and Pumps.

Principles of linear and angular momentum and their applications;
water wheels; radial, axial, and mixed flow reaction turbines; impulse
turbines; centrifugal and turbine pumps, both single-stage and multi-stage;
reciprocating pumps; pumping mains; hydraulic transmission of power;
water hammer and inertia strains in hydraulic transmission lines. (Spring.)

Senior Applied Mechanics. [Thornton.]

10-11, T. Th. S.

506. Stability of Structures.

Framed structures under dead and live loads; cantilever bridges; draw
bridges; truss deflections; statically indeterminate structures; mill buildings;
cables and suspension bridges; elastic arches; masonry arches; earth pressure
and retaining walls; foundations. (Winter.)

507. Canal and River Engineering.

General laws of river flow; standard methods for gauging river flow;
problems of regulation and flood control; canalization of rivers; navigable
and irrigation canals; reservoirs and dams; locks and lock gates; weirs
and navigation passes; movable dams; hydraulic power plants; hydraulic
transmissions of power. (Spring.)

Applied Mechanics Laboratory. [Lapham.]

9-2, S.

553. Strength of Materials.

Standard tests for cement and mortar; tensile tests of wire; determination
of the modulus of elasticity for various materials; tests of the physical
properties of steel in tension, compression, torsion; transverse tests of
timber. (Fall.)

554. Lubricants.

Tests to determine viscosity, density, flash and burning points, chill
point, and coefficient of friction for various typical lubricants. (Spring.)

555. Hydraulics.

Calibration of standard orifices and weir notches; determination of the
coefficient of friction in commercial pipe and elbows; complete test of a
steam pump. (Winter.)

(Written reports following accepted engineering forms constitute an
important part of these courses.)

DRAWING.

Systematic instruction in Engineering Drawing is given through the
Freshman and Sophomore years. The student is carefully trained in the
technique of good draftsmanship. Especial attention is paid to free-hand

lettering. The importance of neatness, accuracy, clearness and completeness
is constantly impressed upon the student's mind. Frequent exercises
in tracing and blue printing are required. As the student advances in the
course he is taught more and more to use the graphical method not merely
as a means of representation, but as an instrument of research both in
Geometry and in Mechanics. To the Junior and Senior students are
assigned by their respective professors such further drawings as are needed
for the full development of the courses of instruction.

Freshman Drawing: Lecture Courses.

11-12, T. Th. S.

600. Practical Geometry. [Thornton.]

This course presupposes good high-school training in plane and solid
geometry and in the rudiments of plane trigonometry. It embraces a
review and extension of the fundamental problems of plane geometry with
applications to the mensuration of rectilinear and curvilinear figures; an
elementary study of the conic sections and of the methods of constructing
these curves; the orthographic projection of polyhedra and of the three
round bodies in erect and oblique positions; sections of curved surfaces by
planes and intersections; the mensuration of solids and Simpson's rule;
the graphical solution of equations; and the theory and use of the Polar
Planimeter. (Fall.)

601. Machine Construction. [Hancock.]

A study of the hand and machine tools in the wood and machine shops,
involving careful investigation of their functions, construction, and operation;
free-hand sketching of machine parts; elementary problems in the
computation of shafting, belting, rope drives, toothed gears, etc. Illustrative
and descriptive lectures are given and a large number of questions and problems
are assigned the student to guide him in the study of each machine.
(Spring.)

Freshman Drawing: Practice Courses. [Hancock and Assistant.]

Each student executes one finished plate 15″ by 20″ weekly. These
plates are drawn under the supervision of the assistant instructor and
must be neatly finished, lettered and dimensioned. Every student is required
to make tracings and blue prints of a certain number of his own
plates.

650. Mechanical Drawing.

11-2, M. W.

This course embraces careful training in technique, assiduous practice
in lettering, and the graphical solution in the weekly plates of a series of
carefully selected problems in practical plane and solid geometry, and in
graphical algebra and trigonometry. (Fall.)

651. Machine Drawing.

11-2, M. W.

Carefully constructed and finished plates consisting of detailed working
drawings of machine parts. The drawings are made, in part, from

free-hand sketches from the machine itself, and, in part from designs and
specifications worked out by the student. (Winter.)

652. Topographical Drawing.

11-2, M. W.

In this course the conventional methods of making topographical maps
are carefully taught. Each student is required to become reasonably proficient
in the preparation of such maps. Particular attention is paid to
the study of contoured plans and the solution of problems based on them.
The associated lecture and field courses are 700 and 750. (Spring.)

Sophomore Drawing: Lecture Courses.

11-12, M. W. F.

603. Graphical Statics. [Thornton.]

The necessary preparation is such knowledge of experimental mechanics
as is given in Physics, 200. The theory and use of graphical
methods in mechanics are carefully taught and illustrated by means of
problems in the composition and resolution of forces and moments.
Applications follow to the determination by graphical methods of centers
of gravity, and moments of inertia, to the construction of strain sheets
for the simpler forms of roof and bridge trusses, to the study of the stability
of dams and walls, and to the calculation of internal stress in
girders, and beam deflections. (Fall.)

605. Structural Design. [Thornton.]

The methods developed in the course on Graphical Statics are applied
to the analysis and design of simple beam bridges; of reinforced concrete
slabs and beams; of plate girders; of retaining walls for earth; and of
simple types of framed structures. Special attention is given to the
structures important in Highway Engineering. (Winter.)

604. Descriptive Geometry. [Thornton.]

The fundamental problems on the point, line, and plane are carefully
studied, with applications to the construction of shadows on polyhedra and
to the graphical statics of force-systems in three dimensions. The projections,
tangencies, sections, and intersections of curved surfaces are then
taken up, with applications to the determination of shades and shadows on
such surfaces. The course concludes with an elementary theory of linear
perspective. (Spring.)

Sophomore Drawing: Practice Courses. [Thornton and Assistant.]

The work of the course is the execution each week of a plate 15″ by
20″, under the direction of a competent instructor. The problems assigned
are such as serve to illustrate the topics discussed in the associated
lecture-courses and develop power in the use of graphical methods. Each
student is required also to trace a certain number of his plates, to make

blue prints from his tracings, and to use the planimeter for the mensuration
of areas and volumes bounded by curved lines and surfaces. 12-2, T. Th. S.

653. Graphical Statics.

Fall.

655. Structural Drawing.

Winter.

654. Descriptive Geometry.

Spring.

SHOP-WORK.

Shop Instruction is given for its educational value. The purpose of
this Department is to train engineers, not artisans; and the claims of
the shops are not permitted to infringe on the truly vital functions of the
laboratories, the drafting rooms, and the lectures. [Hancock and Assistants.]

660. Freshman Wood Shop.

3 hours a week.

Bench exercises in sawing, planing, boring, chiseling, tool sharpening.

Lathe exercises in turning between centers and on a face plate.

Machine tool exercises in the production of useful articles. (Fall.)

661. Freshman Machine Shop.

3 hours a week.

Bench exercises in chipping and filing.

Engine lathe exercises in turning, boring, and thread cutting.

Machine tool exercises in drilling, planing, shaping, and milling. (Winter.)

Courses 660, 661 are required of all students in engineering.

662. Junior Machine Shop.

6 hours a week.

Bench and machine-tool work in the construction of articles of commercial
value. An extension of 661. (Fall.)

663. Pattern Making; Foundry; Forge Shop.

6 hours a week.

Simple solid and split patterns and core boxes; core making, moulding,
and casting; exercises in forging iron and steel; forging and tempering
center punches, cold chisels, lathe and planer tools. (Spring.)

Courses 662, 663 are required of students of Mechanical and Electrical
Engineering.

664. Senior Machine Shop.

12 hours a week.

A continuation of the Junior course (662). More intricate and complicated
pieces are constructed and a broader understanding and improved
technique are developed. (Winter.)

Course 664 is required of students of Mechanical Engineering only.

CIVIL ENGINEERING.

700. Plane Surveying. [Newcomb.]

11-12, T. Th. S.

Lectures on the theory, uses, and adjustments of the Compass, Level,
Transit, and Stadia; the Computations of Surveying; the methods and
proper conduct of Land, Mine, City, Topographic, and Hydrographic Surveys.
Practical class exercises illustrating the subject matter of the lectures
are assigned to the students throughout the entire course. (Winter.)

701. Curves and Earthwork. [Newcomb.]

9-10, Th. F. S.

Lectures on Simple, Compound, Transition and Vertical Curves; the
form of Excavations and Embankments, Earthwork Surveys, Computation
of Volumes, Formation of Embankments, Computation of Haul, Cost of
Earthwork, Blasting. Practical exercises in Map Drawing and Topography.
(Fall.)

702. Railroad Engineering. [Newcomb.]

9-10, Th. F. S.

Lectures on Reconnoissance and Preliminary Surveys, Office Location,
Field Location; the construction, maintenance and operation of Railroads.
Special attention is given to questions of Economics which arise in the
location, construction and operation of Railroads. (Spring.)

703. Roads; Streets; Street Railways. [Newcomb.]

9-10, Th. F. S.

Lectures on the Principles of Road Location; the Construction and
Maintenance of Earth Roads, Broken Stone Roads, Gravel Roads; the
pavements for City Streets and Sidewalks; the Location and Construction
of Street Railways. (Winter.)

704. Masonry Construction. [Newcomb.]

1-2, Th. F. S.

Lectures on the Materials of Construction; Foundations; the design
and construction of Dams, Retaining Walls, Bridge Piers and Abutments,
Culverts, Arches; The Theory of Reinforced Concrete; the design and construction
of the simpler Reinforced Concrete Structures. Practical exercises
in the design of Masonry Structures and Structural Drawing. (Fall.)

705. Short Span Bridges. [Newcomb.]

1-2, Th. F. S.

Lectures on the design and construction of standard types of Steel and
Timber Bridges. (Winter.)

706. Long Span Bridges. [Newcomb.]

1-2, Th. F. S.

Lectures on the design and construction of the more intricate Single
Span Trusses, Cantilever Bridges, Steel Arches, Continuous Girders, and
Swing Bridges. (Spring.)

707. Waterworks and Sewers. [Newcomb.]

12-1, Th. F. S.

Lectures on the quality, sources, collection, conveyance, purification,
and distribution of City Water Supplies; the laws of flow in pipe lines
and aqueducts; the drainage of houses and streets; the collection and
conveyance of sewage; the disposal of sewage; the construction and maintenance
of works. Practical exercises in the design of pipe lines and
sewers. (Fall.)

708. Reinforced Concrete. [Newcomb.]

12-1, Th. F. S.

This course supplements course 704, Masonry Construction, and extends
throughout the Winter Term of the Senior Year. Lectures on the
Theory of Reinforced Concrete, the Design and Construction of selected
types of Reinforced Concrete structures. Practical exercises in the design
of Reinforced Concrete structures, and Structural Drawing. (Winter.)

750. Field Surveying. [Newcomb and Assistants.]

9 hours a week.

This course supplements 700. The student is required to spend three
afternoons a week throughout the Spring Term in Field Surveying and
Plotting. He is taught the use of the Chain, Tape, Compass, Level, Transit,
Stadia, and Plane Table. The work in the drawing-room (course 652)
consists in making Computations, Scale Drawings, Profiles, and Contour
Maps from notes taken in the field. (Spring.)

751. Railroad Surveying. [Newcomb and Assistants.]

9 hours a week.

This course supplements 701, Curves and Earthwork, and extends
three afternoons a week throughout the Fall Term of the Junior Year.
The class is divided into squads, each squad making complete Surveys,
Maps, Profiles, and Estimates for a mile of located line. (Fall.)

753. Road Material Testing. [Newcomb, Edgar, and Assistants.]

Laboratory tests are made of both non-bituminous and bituminous
road materials. Broken stone, gravel, and slag are tested for specific
gravity, absorption, cementing power, toughness, and resistance to abrasion.
Bricks and paving blocks are submitted to the standard rattler
tests and absorption tests. Crude petroleums, bituminous emulsions, road
oils, asphalts, tars, and bituminous aggregates are investigated with relation
to the properties important for highway construction. (Winter.)

755. Bridge Drafting. [Newcomb.]

12 hours a week.

This course accompanies 705, Short Span Bridges. Each student is
required to make complete design and detail drawings of one plate girder,
and one selected type of short span bridge truss. (Winter.)

756. Bridge Drafting. [Newcomb.]

12 hours a week.

This course accompanies 706, Long Span Bridges. Each student is
required to prepare stress sheets and drawings for selected types of long
span bridges. (Spring.)

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING.

800. Elementary Steam Engineering. [Hancock.]

1-2, Th. F. S.

A study of the commercial fuels, the determination of heating values
and methods of burning the same for the production of power; of the
properties of steam and methods of and instruments for measuring pressure,
temperature, and humidity; of the function, construction, and operation
of steam boilers, superheaters, economizers, feed water heaters, and
condensers; an introduction to the study of the steam engine, steam turbine,
feed pump, and injector. Problems are assigned each week illustrating
the principles treated in these studies. (Fall.)

801. Steam Power Plants. [Hancock.]

1-2, Th. F. S.

The selection and arrangement of steam apparatus for the production
of power and the design of piping systems; the cost of power and the
economics of power plant design and operation. Problems and designs for
private solution. (Winter.)

802. Machine Design. [Hancock.]

1-2, Th. F. S.

Straining actions in machine elements; friction, lubrication, and efficiency;
riveted fastenings, screws and screw fastenings; keys, cotters, and
forced fits; axles, shafting and couplings, journals and bearings; belt and
rope transmissions; toothed gearing, spur, and bevel wheels. Problems
for private solution involving analysis and design of machine elements
are assigned each week. (Spring.)

803. Internal Combustion Engines. [Hancock.]

9-10, Th. F. S.

A study of the thermal problems of internal combustion engines, gas
producers, air compressors and motors, hot air engines, etc.,—all the
familiar heat motors using gases as the vehicle for the transfer of heat.
Weekly exercises and problems. (Fall.)

804. Steam Engines and Turbines. [Hancock.]

9-10, Th. F. S.

A study of the thermal problems of steam engines and turbines, refrigeration,
etc.,—the familiar apparatus in which vapors serve as the vehicle
for the transfer of heat. Weekly problems and exercises. (Winter.)

805. Engine Design. [Hancock.]

9-10, Th. F. S.

A study of the mechanical problems involved in the design of engines,
motors, etc., which have been studied in the two previous courses. Inertia
effects, stresses in and strength of parts, balancing, governing, etc. Weekly
exercises and problems. (Spring.)

896. Kinematics of Machines. [Hancock.]

11-12, Th. F. S.

A study in familiar machines of the applications of plane, spheric,
and screw motions. The course is largely devoted to valves and valve
gears, straight line motions, cams, toothed wheels, and screw gears.
Graphic methods for the solution of problems are employed and the work
is almost wholly on the drawing board, where finished plates are produced.
(Fall.)

807. Locomotive Engineering. [Hancock.]

11-12, Th. F. S.

A study of the locomotive as an important type of steam power plant;
one in which there are problems of acute interest, many unsolved, and
which are receiving a large share of attention from engineers. The course
is meant to study the locomotive as it is now and to outline in a measure,
some of its deficiencies and its possibilities. The problems of inertia
effects, balancing, tractive force, track and train resistances, hauling capacity,
etc., are treated in lectures; a clear physical conception is gained by
careful examination and study of the machine itself, and for a knowledge
of its history and present development general reading and reports are
required. (Winter.)

850. Steam Laboratory. [Lapham.]

3-6, T. Th.

Calibration and adjustment of gages; calibration of thermometers and
indicator springs; study and calibration of planimeters; steam quality tests
with various calorimeters; slide valve setting; efficiency test of a steam turbine;
mechanical and thermal efficency tests of steam and gasoline engines;
boiler and plant test. Written reports are required for each test. These
include a description, carbon copies of original data sheets, sketches, curves,
and a comparison of results obtained with those of similar tests in the reference
library. The preparation of clear and accurate engineering reports is
considered an essential part of this course. (Fall.)

860.—Inspection. [Hancock.]

In this course a systematic effort is made to utilize all the industrial
equipment within easy reach for the purpose of illustration and study.
Inspection tours are also arranged from time to time, and serious study
and investigation are made. This work constitutes an interesting and
valuable part of the instruction in mechanical engineering.

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING.

900. Elements of Electrical Engineering. [Roman.]

9-10, Th. F. S.

Lectures treating fundamental principles of Electrical Engineering.
Free use of the calculus is made in this course. Basic ideas and fundamental
units are discussed; magnetic circuits and continuous electric currents
treated in detail; electromagnetism carefully studied. Special attention

is given to the physical conceptions involved and numerous assigned
problems exemplify and broaden the theoretical conceptions. The whole
course is introductory to the detailed study of electrical apparatus and
machines. (Fall.)

901. Direct Current Machines. [Rodman.]

9-10, Th. F. S.

Lectures on the theory, construction, characteristics, and operation
of Direct Current Generators and Motors and the accessory apparatus
required for the proper management and control of these machines. The
principles of testing such machines are carefully discussed. A brief treatment
of the theory, construction, and operation of Storage Batteries and
auxiliary devices concludes the term. Problems illustrating the methods
of calculation involved in continuous current circuits and practical examples
from standard engineering practice form an important part of the
work. (Winter.)

902. Periodic Currents. [Rodman.]

9-10, Th. F. S.

Lectures on electrostatic phenomena, variable currents, alternating
currents, and alternating current circuits both single and polyphase. A
careful study is made of circuits with periodic currents and their characteristics
when resistance, inductive reactance and capacity reactance are
present in their various combinations. Extensive problem work is required
to facilitate the treatment of simple and complex circuits. Free use is
made of vector and symbolic notations and of graphical solutions; while
standard nomenclature is carefully discussed. Special efforts are made
to keep the physical conceptions prominent while the value of mathematics
as a tool is emphasized. (Spring.)

903. Alternating Current Machinery. [Rodman.]

11-12, Th. F. S.

Lectures on the theory, construction, characteristics, and operation of
Alternating Current Generators, Synchronous Motors, Rotary Converters,
and Transformers. These machines are considered as units and as integral
parts of electrical systems. Graphical diagrams are made use of as offering
the most readily comprehensible treatment of the complex relations
existing in alternating current machinery. The principles of testing such
apparatus under various conditions of loading are discussed and assigned
problem work illustrates the theory and practice. (Fall.)

904. Alternating Current Machinery. [Rodman.]

11-12, Th. F. S.

This course is a continuation of 903. The lectures treat more particularly
Alternating Current Motors, induction, series and repulsion types,
with their characteristics and control apparatus. Methods of testing are
outlined and graphical methods of calculation and predetermination of
operating characteristics are discussed. Problems taken from engineering
practice serve to broaden and fix the theoretical deductions. (Winter.)

905. Electric Power Transmission. [Rodman.]

11-12, Th. F. S.

Lectures on systems of transmission and distribution, with a detailed
consideration of the electrical characteristics of transmission lines; the
electrical equipment of stations and sub-stations, including generating
apparatus, switchboards, control systems and protective devices; systems
of transformation and the economic considerations which influence the
design of the complete electrical system. (Spring.)

906. Illumination and Photometry. [Rodman.]

12-1, Th. F. S.

Lectures on light, its physical properties; illuminants and their characteristics;
shades and reflectors; photometry, standards and apparatus;
illumination calculations for point and surface sources; principles of interior,
exterior, decorative, and scenic illumination. Problem work illustrating
computations necessary for the consideration of the Illuminating
Engineer are assigned. (Fall.)

907. Electric Traction. [Rodman.]

Lectures on the various types of electric motors for traction purposes,
controllers and systems of control, brakes, rolling stock, track, train performance,
and electric railway economics. A discussion of the complete
electrification system for electric railways, including generating apparatus,
transmission, sub-stations and equipment, distribution, and utilization
of electrical energy for car propulsion. Problem work dealing with
the fundamental considerations necessary for the solution of traction problems
is required. After February first, three extra periods a week are
devoted to this course. (Winter.)

908. Electrical Systems. [Rodman.]

10-11, Th. F. S.

Lectures dealing with the fundamentals of electrical circuits and machines;
utilization of electricity as a motive power in industrial activities.
Followed by a more detailed discussion of the types of power stations and
structures utilized in electrical systems; railway construction and line
structures treated with relation to their layout and design; mechanical
characteristics of complete electrical systems. This course gives a general
survey of the electrical field more particularly for the students of Civil
Engineering. (Fall.)

950. Direct Current Laboratory. [Rodman and Instructor.]

3-5, T. Th.

This course supplements 900-1. The laboratory work is devoted to a
study of electrical instruments, their use and manipulation; simple electrical
circuits and study of direct current apparatus and its operation;
characteristics of generators and motors. (Winter.)

951. Direct Current Laboratory. [Rodman and In:tructor.]

3-5, M. W.

This course supplements 950. It is concerned with some of the more
detailed and special tests of direct current apparatus and serves to broaden
the field presented in 950. (Winter.)

952. Direct Current Laboratory. [Rodman and Instructor.]

3-5, T. Th.

A continuation of 950-1. The work is devoted to those direct current
tests in which machines are grouped and with such tests as opposition
tests for efficiency, parallel running of generators and the complete electrical
power plant. (Spring.)

953. Alternating Current Laboratory. [Rodman.]

10-2, M.

This course supplements 902-3. The first part of the course deals
with measuring instruments for alternating current circuits; series and
parallel circuits and their characteristics; polyphase circuits, balanced
and unbalanced. Study of alternating current generator characteristics is
begun. (Fall.)

954. Alternating Current Laboratory. [Rodman.]

10-2, M.

A continuation of 953. Generator and synchronous motor characteristics
and operation are continued and the regulation transformer tests
carried out. (Winter.)

955. Alternating Current Laboratory. [Rodman.]

10-2, M.

A continuation of 953-4. Alternating current machinery in group
relations; parallel running of alternators and the complex tests on alternating
current machinery are studied. (Spring.)

956. Photometrical Laboratory. [Rodman.]

10-1, W.

This course accompanies 906. Photometric tests are made upon different
types of incandescent lamps. The operating characteristics of incandescent
and arc lamps are studied. Tests of illumination, interior and
exterior, are carried out. Study of photometric standards and devices.
(Fall.)

957. Alternating Current Laboratory. [Rodman.]

10-1, W.

A course supplementing 954. Alternating current motors are tested
and their characteristics determined. Experimental results are compared
with those graphically obtained by means of the circle diagram; and the
general behavior of various types of alternating current motors, single and
polyphase, are studied. (Winter.)

The University of Virginia branch of the American Institute of Electrical
Engineers holds regular meetings for the discussion of periodical
literature and the exposition by resident and visiting engineers of present-day
problems in Electrical Engineering.

LECTURE HOURS AND LABORATORY PERIODS.

SCHEDULE.

                                                                         

	Subject	Lecture Hours	Laboratory Periods	Examination Days
Freshman	Mathematics 100-1-2	M. W. F. 9		II
	Chemistry 300-1-2	T. Th. S. 10	T. Th. S. 12-2	V
	Drawing 600-700-601	T. Th. S. 11	M. W. 11-2	IX
	Shop 660-1-x		Th. F. 3-6
	Field x-x-750		Th. F. S. 3-6
Sophomore	Mathematics 103-4-5	M. W. F. 12		III
	Physics 200-1-2	T. Th. S. 11	M. W. F. 9-11	VI
	Drawing 603-5-4	M. W. F. 11	T. Th. S. 12-2	VIII
	Civil 701-3-2	Th. F. S. 9		I
	Mechanical 800-1-2	Th. F. S. 1		I
	Chemistry 330-1-2	T. Th. S. 10	9 hours a week	V
Junior	Mechanics 500-1-2	M. W. F. 10		I
	Mechanics 503-4-5	M. T. W. 9	S. 9-2	X
	Civil 704-5-6	Th. F. S. 1		V
	Electrical 900-1-2	Th. F. S. 9	M. T. W. Th. 3-5	IV
	Chemistry 333-4-5	M. W. F. 10	12 hours a week	I
	Chemistry 303-4-5	M. W. F. 11	6 hours a week	X
	Mechanical 850-x-x		T. Th. 3-6
	Shop 662-x-3		M. W. 3-6
	Field 751-x-x		Daily 3-6
	Drawing 75x-5-6		12 hours a week
Senior	Mechanics 50x-6-7	T. Th. S. 10		V
	Geology 400-1-2	M. T. W. 1	M. W. 10-1	IX
	Geology 403-4-5	M. T. W. 12	6 hours a week	VII
	Geology 40x-6-7	By appointment	9 hours a week	VII
	Mining 420-1-2	Th. F. S. 9		II
	Civil 707-8-x	Th. F. S. 12		II
	Mechanical 803-4-5	Th. F. S. 9		VIII
	Mechanical 806-7-x	Th. F. S. 11		II
	Electrical 903-4-5	Th. F. S. 11	M. 10-2	VI
	Electrical 906-7-x	Th. F. S. 12	W. 10-1	II
	Electrical 908-x-x	Th. F. S. 10		V
	Physics 203-4-x	By appointment	T. Th. 3-5	IV
	Chemistry 306-7-8	T. Th. S. 12	12 hours a week	II
	Chemistry 336-7-8	M. W. F. 3	T. 12-1	VII
	Shop 66x-4-x		12 hours a week

The student is warned to adhere strictly to the regular programmes,
or else to select his courses so as to avoid conflicts of lecture hours, laboratory
periods, and examination days. The Faculty declines to accept any
responsibility for conflicts, unless the same have been authorized in advance
by a special vote of the Faculty.

For the session 1916-17 the initial examination days are 12 Dec.,
19 Mar., 28 May.

PROGRAM OF STUDY FOR DEGREES IN ENGINEERING.

                                                 

	Civil Engineering	Menchinical Engineering	Electrical Engineering	Chemical Engineering	Mining Engineering
Freshman	Math. 100-1-2	Math. 100-1-2	Math. 100-1-2	Math. 100-1-2	Math. 100-1-2
	Chem.[13] 300-1-2	Chem.[14] 300-1-2	Chem.[15] 300-1-2	Chem.[16] 300-1-2	Chem.[17] 300-1-2
	Draw.[18] 600-700-601	Draw.[19] 600-700-601	Draw.[20] 600-700-601	Draw.[21] 600-700-601	Draw.[22] 600-700-601
	Shop 660-1-x	Shop 660-1-x	Shop 660-1-x	Shop 660-1-x	Shop 660-1-x
	Field x-x-750	Field x-x-750	Field x-x-750	Field x-x-750	Field x-x-750
Sophomore	Math. 103-4-5	Math. 103-4-5	Math. 103-4-5	Math. 103-4-5	Math. 103-4-5
	Phys.[23] 200-1-2	Phys.[24] 200-1-2	Phys.[25] 200-1-2	Phys.[26] 200-1-2	Phys.[27] 200-1-2
	Draw.[28] 603-4-5	Draw.[29] 603-4-5	Draw.[30] 603-4-5	Draw.[31] 603-4-5	Draw.[32] 603-4-5
	Engin. 701-2-3	Engin. 800-1-2	Engin. 800-1-2	Chem.[33] 330-1-2	Engin. 800-1-2
Junior	Mechs. 500-1-2	Mechs. 500-1-2	Mechs. 500-1-2	Chem.[34] 333-4-5	Mechs. 500-4-5
	Mechs.[35] 503-4-5	Mechs.[36] 503-4-5	Mechs.[37] 503-4-5	Chem.[38] 303-4-5	Geol.[39] 400-1-2
	Engin. 704-5-6	Engin.[40] 900-1-2	Engin. 900-1-2	Engin. 800-1-2	Geol.[41] 40x-6-7
	Field 751	Engin. 850	Engin. 850	Engin.[42] 900-1-2	Engin. 701
		Shop 662-3	Shop 662-3	Engin. 850-950-952	Engin. 850-950-952
					Engin. 908
	Draw. 755-6				Field 751
Senior	Chem. 336	Chem. 336	Chem. 336	Chem. 336-7-8	Chem.[43] 330-1-2
	Mechs. 506-7	Mechs. 506-7	Mechs. 506-7	Mechs. 500-504-505	Chem. 336
	Geol.[44] 400-1-2	Engin. 803-4-5	Engin.[45] 903-4-5	Mechs. 553-4-5	Mechs. 553-4-5
	Engin. 707-8	Engin. 806-7	Engin.[46] 906-7	Geol.[47] 400-1-2	Geol.[48] 403-4-5
	Engin. 800-1	Engin. 704	Engin. 860	Chem.[49] 306-7-8	Mining 420-1-2
	Engin. 908	Engin. 860	Phys.[50] 203-4
	Thesis	Shop 664	Thesis
		Thesis

Upon the completion of the four years' course as defined in any one
of the Programs of Study and the presentation of an acceptable graduating
thesis, the Faculty will award to any student in regular and honorable
standing the appropriate Degree of Civil Engineer, Mechanical Engineer,
Electrical Engineer, Chemical Engineer, or Mining Engineer. In each
program will be found the Topics of Study for the several years. The hours
for lectures and laboratory exercises and the dates for the examinations are
given in the Schedule.

The student who adheres strictly to any one of the above programs
will escape all conflicts of lecture hours, laboratory periods, and
examination days.

EXPENSES OF REGULAR STUDENTS.

The average annual expenses of a student who pursues the regular
course in Engineering will be:

             

	Outside Students	Virginians
University Fee	$ 40	$ 20
Tuition and Laboratory Fees (average)	105	65
Living Expenses (for nine months)	250	250
Books and Drawing Materials	20	20
Incidental Expenses (for nine months)	45	45
Total for average conditions	$460	$400

The charges for Tuition are uniform to all students, except that
Virginians are relieved of tuition on courses offered in the College. The
fee for each collegiate class taken will be $25, with the addition of the
prescribed laboratory charges, which are $5 per class for Physics and
$15 for Chemistry. For each class in Analytical Chemistry a special fee
of $50 is charged for tuition, plus $10 for apparatus and supplies. The
fee for each technical lecture-course is $30, for each practice-course in
drawing $15, for each laboratory or practice course in Applied Mechanics,
Engineering, Shop-work, or Field-work $5. These fees include all charges
for laboratory materials; but the student is held further responsible for
breakage.

The Living Expenses include board, lodging, fuel and lights, servant
and laundry; the average is $28 a month, the minimum $20, and a reasonable
maximum $35. Books and Drawing Materials will cost about $80
for the four-year course. Incidental Expenses ought to be kept within
modest bounds; the above estimate is sufficient; large allowances of pocket
money promote idleness and attract companions of the baser sort. No
allowances are made for clothing or travel, the expenses for which vary
too much to be introduced into any general estimate.

The charges payable on entrance are the University fee, the contingent
deposit and the tuition and laboratory fees. The student will need at entrance

about $200 to cover these dues, the cost of books and instruments,
and one month's living expenses.

EXAMINATIONS AND REPORTS.

Oral examinations are held at the beginning of each lecture hour on
the topics of the preceding lecture. Written test papers are set monthly,
or at such interval as the professor may appoint. Absences from lecture
except by reason of sickness are not excused without a written leave
from the Dean. Class standing is determined on the basis of the oral
examinations and the written tests. Absence from the latter or failure to
answer incurs a zero grade. Absences from laboratory periods, however
caused, must be made up by special private arrangement with the instructor.

Written examinations are held at the end of each term on the entire
work of that term. The result of the examination combined with the
student's class-standing gives his term-grade. The pass-mark is seventy-five
per cent. Absence from the written term examination incurs a zero
term-grade, which may not be removed except by the passage of a special
written examination on the work of that term. Such special examinations
are granted only upon presentation of a written certificate from a reputable
physician that the student by reason of sickness on the day of the
regular examination was unable to attend.

Regular Reports are sent out at the end of every term to the student's
parent or guardian. These state for each course followed the term-grade
and the number of absences. Further comment may be added by the Dean
or the professor, if it appears probable that such comment would be helpful
to the student. Parents are urged to examine these reports carefully, and
to exert such parental influence as may seem needed to establish and confirm
the student in habits of industry and order.

Special Reports are sent to parents at the end of each month for
students delinquent in attendance or studiousness and for delinquents
only. When a student is making steady progress and showing due diligence
in his work only the regular reports are sent. The receipt of a
special report is evidence that, in the judgment of the Faculty, prompt
and pointed parental admonition is urgently needed.

Re-examinations are held during registration week in September.
To these re-examinations the Faculty will admit, on the recommendation
of his professor, any student of the previous session who in any course
fell below the pass-mark of seventy-five per cent., but made at least
sixty-five per cent. at the regular examination. For every such re-examination
the student must pay to the Bursar on or before July 15th a fee
of $5, which fee is in no case returnable. The student who fails in any
course and does not make up his deficiency on re-examination will be
required to register anew for that course and attend the lectures and
pass the regular examination, unless relieved by special vote of the Faculty.
The Dean will send to every student eligible for re-examination a programme
of the dates of the September examinations.

If in any class in the Department of Engineering a student fails
to make satisfactory progress, he is first admonished by the professor
in charge. In default of prompt and permanent improvement he is next
formally warned by the Dean. If due amendment is then not immediately
effected, the student's name is dropped from the rolls of the Department,
on the ground that he is not accomplishing the purposes for which he
should have entered upon a University course of study.

REGULATIONS.

The following regulations, adopted to define the policy of the Faculty,
are published for the information and guidance of the Students:

1. Practice-courses as well as lecture-courses must be conducted under
the Honor System. The student who submits any work to be graded is
considered to submit it under pledge.

2. When the lecture-course and the associated practice-course are
given in the same term of the same year, no student will be admitted to
examination on the lecture-course until he has completed at least three-fourths
of the practice-course.

3. No student will be admitted to any practice-course unless he is
at the same time pursuing the associated lecture-course, or has already
received credit for the same.

4. No student will be admitted to the graduating examination on a
lecture-course unless he has been present at more than half the lectures
in that course.

5. In the technical courses in Engineering (i. e., courses not given
in the College) term-grades shall not be averaged; except that the term-grades
for Freshman Drawing (600-601-700) may be averaged for first-year
men only, provided no mark is below 65.

6. The pass-mark in every course is 75. If a student's term-grade
in any course is less than 75, but more than 65, he may be admitted by
the Faculty to re-examination at the beginning of the next session, provided
he has completed all the associated practical work of the course.

7. No student who fails to make 75 on re-examination shall be
granted another examination on the course until he has again attended
lectures on that course.

8. Special examinations are not given except by reason of sickness
on the day of examination, attested by the written certificate of a reputable
physician, or for other like providential causes. In every case they
must be validated by special vote of the Faculty.

9. A student whose term-grades average less than 40 for all the
courses in which he is registered shall be at once dropped from the rolls.
If his average is above 40 with no mark above 65, he is placed on probation.

10. A student on probation, who in the next term makes less than
65 on each and all his courses, shall be at once dropped from the rolls.

SPECIAL COURSE IN HIGHWAY ENGINEERING.

In recognition of the growing interest in Good Roads in Virginia
and the immense social and economic importance of the construction of
such roads in all parts of the commonwealth, the Faculty of the Department
of Engineering has rearranged the courses of instruction in this topic
and brought them together into the Winter Term, so as to form a Special
Course in Highway Engineering.

To render this work accessible to as many young Virginians as possible,
the University offers a limited number of free scholarships to adequately
prepared students, citizens of Virginia, who shall be nominated
by the Boards of Supervisors of their respective counties. Such students
pay only a $5 fee for the use of field instruments and laboratory equipment.
To others the fee for this special course is $50. The following
summary gives the content of the course:

Lecture-Courses.

       

703.	Roads and Streets. [Newcomb.]	9, Th. F. S.
700.	Plane Surveying. [Newcomb.]	11, T. Th. S.
605.	Structural Design. [Thornton.]	11, M. W. F.
—.	Public lectures by visiting experts.	——

Practice-Courses.

753. Road Materials Laboratory. [Newcomb, Edgar and Assistants.]

750. Field Surveying. [Newcomb and Assistants.]

652. Topographical Drawing. [Hancock and Assistants.]

12-2, M. W. F.

655. Structural Drawing. [Thornton and Assistants.]

12-2, T. Th. S.

Equipment.

Apparatus for testing non-bituminous road materials (page 245).

Apparatus for testing bituminous road materials (page 246).

Field instruments: transits, levels, plane tables and so on (page 245).

Drafting rooms: desks and instruments (page 243).

Full details are given in the sections of this catalogue indicated by
page and number as above.

Applications for scholarships, accompanied by the required credentials,
should be addressed to the Dean of the Department of Engineering.

ADVANCED STANDING.

Under the elective system of the University of Virginia a student
who has completed courses of college or university grade in other institutions
of learning on mathematical or scientific subjects may be excused
from attendance upon these courses by the Dean, with the advice and

consent of the professors in charge, and will then be registered for the
more advanced work.

In order to secure College Credit upon such courses toward a degree
in Engineering from this University the applicant must show—

1. That the courses offered are coextensive with the corresponding
courses as given in the University of Virginia.

2. That his examination grades on them were not less than the seventy-five
per cent. pass-mark of this University.

Such credits may be granted by the Faculty upon the recommendation
of the Dean and the professors in charge; but are automatically revoked
by the failure of the student to pass in the more advanced courses in the
related topics.

The same rules apply to Credits on Summer School Courses; except
that for courses in the Summer School of this University the examination
questions must be prepared by the professor in charge of the regular course
and the answers must be read and graded by him.

Credits on Practice-Courses in Drawing, Shop-work, or Field-work
may be granted to applicants who have gained in professional practice the
training which these courses represent. Such applicants must file with the
Dean proper certificates from the official under whom the work was done
and must in addition pass a practical test on the subjects for which credit
is desired.

DRAFTING ROOMS AND SHOPS.

The drafting rooms are abundantly lighted and are provided with
solidly constructed tables with locked drawers for instruments and materials.
Each student is assigned to a table and has a drawer for his exclusive
use. The regular Drawing Classes execute each one plate a week
under the supervision of the Instructors in Drawing. The more advanced
students have such additional drawings assigned by their respective professors
as are needed for the full development of the courses of study.

Careful attention is given to the training of the students in free-hand
lettering, in the conventional signs of mechanical drawing, in the proper
lay-out of drawings, and in neat and accurate execution. Exercises are
required also in tracing and in blue-printing, the rooms for which are
conveniently arranged and in close contiguity to the drafting rooms. While,
however, technical dexterity is demanded, the graphical method is taught
and used primarily as an indispensable instrument of research, the thoughtful
mastery of which is essential for the instructed Engineer.

The construction and theory of the Polar Planimeter, the Slide Rule,
and the Pantograph are carefully taught, and the student is trained in the
practical use of these appliances for the rapid and accurate production of
estimates and copies from finished drawings.

The Shop Equipment is throughout of the best quality, the machines
being all from good makers and of sizes ample for the purpose of instruction.
A full outfit of hand tools is maintained at all times. Each shop is
equipped for the instruction of a squad of sixteen students, this being as
large a number as one instructor can properly direct at once.

The Machine Shop is provided with six first-class engine lathes, illustrating
the practice of the best American makers; with a planer, a shaper, two
drill presses, a universal milling machine (Brown & Sharpe), and a universal
grinder (same makers); also with a gas forge for tempering tools, a
cut-off saw for metal rods, an emery wheel, grindstone, and so on.

The Wood Shop is furnished with five small lathes, a large pattern
maker's lathe, a jointer, a planer, a saw bench for slitting and cross-cutting,
a band-saw, a jig-saw, and a wood trimmer for pattern making, six cabinet
maker's benches, and an ample supply of the familiar hand tools.

The Foundry has a cupola furnace for working cast iron, a brass furnace,
a core oven, and all needful accessories for moulding and casting;
the blast for the cupola is furnished by a special blower, driven by a small
high-speed steam engine.

The Forge Room is equipped with Buffalo down-draft forges; and the
necessary smith's tools; the draft is furnished by an engine-driven blower,
and the exhaust is operated by a fan driven also by the engine.

THE MECHANICAL LABORATORIES.

Strength of Materials Laboratory.—The Sinclair Laboratory for work
in materials testing was founded on the original donation of Mrs. John Sinclair,
of New York City, as a memorial to her late husband. The collection
has since been considerably enlarged. It contains a Riehle 100,000-lb.
machine, arranged for tensile, compressive, and transverse tests, and with
an attachment for taking autographic diagrams; an Olsen 100,000-lb. machine;
an Olsen torsion machine of 50,000-inch-pounds capacity; a Ewing
machine for finding the modulus of elasticity of various materials; hand
machines for testing rods and wires under pull, and small specimens of
timber and cast iron under transverse loads. It is also equipped with
accessory measuring instruments, which include a Riehle extensometer; an
Olsen compressometer; and a Ewing optical extensometer of great delicacy.

Hydraulics Laboratory.—The laboratory equipment for work in
hydraulics comprises a steel tank for weir experiments with interchangeable
bronze notches; a hook gauge for measurement of surface levels; a
stand-pipe provided with a set of standard bronze orifices for experiments
on efflux; commercial pipe and elbows arranged for determining friction
losses; and the necessary scales, tanks, manometers, etc. It also includes a
pump which is piped to circulate water from a cement cistern to a tank
in the attic of the building.

Cement Laboratory.—This laboratory is completely equipped for
making the standard cement tests. It contains a Fairbanks tensile tester of
1,000 lbs. capacity; an Olsen steaming oven for accelerated tests; an Olsen
drying oven with automatic temperature regulation; moist air closets; and
all the required small apparatus.

Oil Testing Laboratory.—This laboratory contains an Olsen-Cornell
Oil Tester for determining the relative performance of various oils under
conditions of practical use. It is equipped with the smaller apparatus such
as flash and chill point testers, hydrometers, a viscosimeter, etc., necessary
to the determination of the physical properties of lubricants.

Steam Laboratory.—The steam laboratory is located in a large and
well lighted room in the basement of the Mechanical Laboratory. Its
equipment is designed to illustrate the theory involved in Mechanical Engi-neehing,
to give practical instruction in the handling of machinery, and to
teach the fundamental methods of experimental work. It contains a Ball
high-speed engine; a De Laval turbine with condensing and non-condensing
nozzles, which is direct connected to a 25 kw. alternating current generator;
an Otto gasoline engine with a special piston for alcohol; a Wheeler
surface condenser to which the exhaust from any of the steam units may
be connected; a steam pump; steam traps, etc.

For boiler tests, the boilers of the University Heating and Lighting
Plant are used.

The instrument room contains the necessary apparatus for carrying
out complete tests. Among this may be mentioned several indicators, thermometers,
gauges, planimeters, with standards for their correction and
calibration; an Orsat apparatus; separating and throttling calorimeters, etc.

FIELD AND LABORATORY WORK IN CIVIL ENGINEERING.

The outfit of Field Instruments contains compasses, transits, and levels
of various approved makes; a solar transit, furnished also with stadia wires
and gradienter for tachymetric work; hand-levels and clinometers for field
topography; plane tables; a sextant; together with an adequate supply of
leveling rods, telemeter rods, signal poles, chains, tapes, pins, and so on.
For hydraulic surveys a hook gauge and a current meter are provided. All
students are instructed in the theory and adjustments of the field instruments
and in their practical use in the field. They are also required to make
up their field-books in standard forms; to reduce their surveys and execute
all the necessary profiles, plans, and maps; and to determine lengths, areas,
and volumes both from the maps and from the original notes. Polar planimeters
are provided for facilitating such estimates and a pantograph for
making reduced copies of finished drawings.

The apparatus for tests of Non-bituminous Road Materials includes a
two-cylinder Deval abrasion machine, a ball mill, a moulding press for
briquettes of rock dust, a Page impact cementation tester, a Page impact
toughness tester, a rock crusher and a Purdue brick rattler. This outfit

the University owes to the generous aid of Dr. Logan Waller Page. In
addition, the Department has acquired a 40,000-pound compression tester,
a diamond core drill, a diamond rock saw, a grinding lap, a Westphal balance,
specific gravity apparatus, and a complete set of sieves. Useful
researches in the road-building rocks and gravels of Virginia, as well as
the standard tests, are conducted each year by the class in Civil Engineering.

Provision has also been made of apparatus for tests of Bituminous
Road Materials. This includes the New York Testing Laboratory penetrometer,
the Kirschbaum ductility machine, the Engler viscosimeter, the
asphalt viscosimeter, the New York Testing Laboratory extractor, the New
York State Board of Health oil tester, Hubbard pyknometers, asphalt flow
plates, gas and electric hot plates, and all the accessory apparatus needed
for research on bituminous road-binders.

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY.

The Scott Laboratory of Electrical Engineering.—This laboratory was
initially equipped and endowed by Mrs. Frances Branch Scott, of Richmond,
Va., as a memorial to her late son, an alumnus of this university.
During the year 1910 the equipment was substantially increased through
the generosity of the Hon. Charles R. Crane, of Chicago, Ill., a friend of
the university. During 1912, still further substantial additions were made,
consisting of measuring instruments, auxiliary control apparatus, and more
particularly a steam-turbine driven three-phase alternating current generator
with exciter and control switchboard.

In addition to full sets of electric meters with the appliances for testing
and calibrating them, galvanometers of the best modern types, standard
cells and resistances, standard condensers, and other pieces of apparatus for
minor tests, it contains numerous pieces of the very best construction.
Such are the Wolff Potentiometer, the Siemens and Halske Thomson
Double Bridge, the Koepsel Permeameter, the Duddell Double Projection
Oscillograph, the Station Photometer with Lummer-Brodhun screen, the
Carey-Foster Bridge and others. For the work in machine testing there
are a number of direct current generators and motors, series, shunt and
compound, an interpole motor, a double current generator, a two-phase
alternator, a General Electric experimental test set for alternating current,
comprising a generator furnishing single, two, three, six or twelve-phase
current, and, in addition, offering three types of induction motors with all
necessary starting and controlling devices, a single-phase repulsion motor,
a two-phase induction motor, two three-phase induction motors, several
pairs of constant voltage transformers, a constant current transformer,
frequency meters, power factor indicator, synchronism indicator, ground
detector and the auxiliary apparatus used in testing these machines. The
laboratory has been arranged with a system of universal plug and receptacle
connections to facilitate the setting up of all experimental combinations.

The laboratory work is carried on by the students in squads or groups

of two or three and is so arranged that each student will become familiar
with all the details and connections of each particular test. A most
important feature of the laboratory instruction is the required preparation
of a preliminary report on each experiment before the actual test is carried
out. These preliminary reports are written up in the classroom at assigned
hours and consist of a complete résumé of the test under discussion. The
object, the theory, the scheme of connections necessary, the choice of
measuring instruments and all auxiliary devices needful for the proper performance
of the experiment are here worked out and this preliminary
report is handed in for correction or approval. After approval, the test is
assigned for a definite laboratory hour and the work is then carried through.
A final report is then handed in consisting of the preliminary and the
additional data in tabulated and in graphical form. Such a final report
comprises a complete text on any given experiment and will prove of great
value in later work in commercial fields. It is recognized that the outlined
method for laboratory work is of the greatest benefit to the student
inasmuch as it requires a thorough understanding of each given test, and
at the same time inculcates habits of self-reliance and a spirit of originality
which can not prove to be other than beneficial in the later work when the
engineer must rely to a great extent upon his own ingenuity.

BUILDINGS.

The buildings devoted wholly or in part to the work of the Department
of Engineering are the following:

The Mechanical Laboratory is the main seat of the instruction in technical
studies. It is 180 by 70 feet and contains on the main floor the Dean's
office and the offices of the other professors; the main lecture-room;
the laboratory of electrical engineering; and the drafting-room for the First
and Second-Year students. Above are a smaller drafting-room for
advanced students, and blue-print and photographic rooms. Below on the
ground floor are another classroom, the testing laboratories, the wood shop,
the metal shop, apparatus and storerooms, the toolroom, and the students'
lavatory.

The Power House is a single-story building 110 by 40 feet. In addition
to the university boiler plant and the electric lighting plant, this contains
the foundry and the forge-room. The boiler plant consists of two horizontal
return-tubular boilers, each of 140 horse-power. The lighting plant consists
of three electric generators directly connected to high-speed engines,
the respective capacities being 25, 50, and 75 kilowatts. The whole plant is
available for purposes of instruction, study and experiment.

The Laboratory of General Chemistry, situated at the southern end of
West Range, is one of the older buildings recently remodeled and fited up
for the work of instruction in undergraduate chemistry. It is furnished
with all the necessary apparatus and supplies, and is comfortably heated
and lighted. The engineering students, who are taught in a separate section,
have three hours in lecture each week and six hours in the laboratory.

The work is specially adapted to their needs. The room used for work in
Organic Chemistry is at the northern end of West Range.

The Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry is 150 by 60 feet. It is a
single-story building, containing the lecture-rooms, the laboratory of
analytical chemistry, the rooms for assaying, the balance-rooms, the offices
and private laboratories of the professor of Industrial and Analytical Chemistry,
and a number of storerooms. These contain not only the usual laboratory
supplies, but an extensive collection of specimens, illustrating very
completely the processes and products of industrial chemistry, and of especial
interest to engineering students.

The Geological Museum is 120 by 50 feet. It is a three-story building.
The main floor is devoted to the very extensive geological collection of
specimens, charts, relief maps, and so on. The gallery above contains an
equally good collection of minerals and numerous models of typical crystallographic
forms. The upper floor contains the lecture-rooms and the
laboratories of Economic Geology. In the basement are stored subsidiary
collections and new material accumulated in more recent geological surveys.

The Physical Laboratory faces the Mechanical Laboratory on the opposite
side of the quadrangle, and has almost the same proportions. The
main floor contains the lecture-room, the professors' offices, the laboratory
of experimental physics, and the storeroom for the very large collection of
apparatus used in the lectures. On the ground floor is the laboratory of
theoretical electricity, the storage battery room, a well-equipped shop for
the repair and manufacture of apparatus, and numerous smaller rooms for
the work of graduate students.