University of Virginia record :: February 1, 1916 :: University of Virginia Library

THREE. PART THREE.

THE ACADEMIC DEPARTMENTS:
THE PROFESSIONAL DEPARTMENTS:
THE SUMMER SCHOOL:
THE LIBRARY.

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THE ACADEMIC SCHOOLS.

Edwin Anderson Alderman, Ph.B., D.C.L., LL.D.
President
James Morris Page, M.A., Ph.D., LL. D.
Dean

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Francis Henry Smith, M.A., D.C.L., LL.D.	West Lawn
Emeritus Professor of Natural Philosophy.
William Wynn Thornton, B.A., LL.D.	Monroe Hill
Professor of Applied Mathematics.
Francis Perry Dunnington, B.S., C.E., M.E.	University Heights
Professor of Analytical and Industrial Chemistry.
Charles William Kent, M.A., Ph.D., LL.D., Litt.D.	West Lawn
Linden Kent Memorial Professor of English Literature.
William Holding Echols, B.S., C.E.	East Lawn
Professor of Mathematics.
Richard Heath Dabney, M.A., Ph.D.	Rugby Road
Corcoran Professor of History.
Richard Henry Wilson, M.A., Ph.D.	Park Street
Professor of Romanic Languages.
James Morris Page, M.A., Ph.D., LL.D.	McCormick Road
Professor of Mathematics.
Thomas Fitz-Hugh, M.A.	West Lawn
Professor of Latin.
Albert Lefevre, A.B., Ph.D., LL.D.	West Range
Corcoran Professor of Philosophy.
William Harry Heck, M.A., Ph.D.	Preston Heights
Curry Memorial Professor of Education.
Thomas Walker Page, Ph.D., LL.D.	Fry's Spring
James Wilson Professor of Economics.
Thomas Leonard Watson, M.S., Ph.D.	University Place
Corcoran Professor of Geology.
Robert Montgomery Bird, B.A., B.S., Ph.D.	University Place
Collegiate Professor of Chemistry.
Charles Alphonso Smith, A.M., Ph.D., LL.D.	East Lawn
Edgar Allan Poe Professor of English.
William Mentzel Forrest, B.A.	Preston Heights
John B. Cary Memorial Professor of Biblical History and Literature.
William Harrison Faulkner, M.A., Ph.D.	Rugby Road
Professor of Germanic Languages.
Charles Gilmore Maphis	Park Street
Professor of Secondary Education.
Robert Henning Webb, M.A., Ph.D.	University Place
Professor of Greek.
Samuel Alfred Mitchell, M.A., Ph.D.	Observatory Mountain
Professor of Astronomy.
Ivey Forman Lewis, A.B., M.S., Ph.D.	Preston Heights
Professor of Biology and Agriculture.
Llewelyn Griffith Hoxton, B.S., M.A.	Fry's Spring
Associate Professor of Physics.
Graham Edgar, B.S., Ph.D.	Monroe Hill
Associate Professor of Chemistry.
William Allison Kepner, M.A., Ph.D.	University Place
Associate Professor of Biology.
John Sharshall Grasty, A.B., Ph.D., Sc.D.	University Place
William Barton Rogers Associate Professor of Economic Geology.
Alfred Lawrence Hall-Quest, M.A., B.D.	University Place
Associate Professor of Education.
Ralph Chapin Jones, B.A.	Neve Apartments
Associate Professor of Forestry.
Charles Wakefield Paul	University Heights
Adjunct Professor of Public Speaking.
Carroll Mason Sparrow, B.A., Ph.D.	Monroe Hill
Adjunct Professor of Physics.
James Sugars McLemore, M.A., Ph.D.	West Main Street
Adjunct Professor of Latin and Instructor in Greek.
Albert George Adam Balz, M.A.	Colonnade Club
Adjunct Professor of Philosophy.
James Cook Bardin, M.D.	Dawson's Row
Adjunct Professor of Romanic Languages.
Charles Pollard Oliver, M.A., Ph.D.	Observatory
Adjunct Professor of Astronomy.
Herman Patrick Johnson, M.A.	University Place
Adjunct Professor of English Literature.
Leon Rutledge Whipple, M.A.	University Place
Adjunct Professor of Journalism.
Justus Henry Cline, M.A.	Altamont Circle
Adjunct Professor of Geology.
Lindsay Rogers, M.A., LL.B., Ph.D.	West Lawn
Adjunct Professor of Political Science.

INSTRUCTORS.

Ernest Jackson Oglesby, M.A.	Mathematics
Gardner Lloyd Carter, M.A.	General Chemistry
George Lloyd Barton, Jr., B.A.	Latin
Harold Hopkins Neff, B.S., M.A.	Romanic Languages
Eugene Price Brown, B.S.	Analytical Chemistry
Harold Lee Alden, B.A., M.S.	Astronomy
Frank Lee Bruce, Ph. B.	English Literature
John Letcher Harrison, M.A.	English
Forrest Jesse Hyde, Jr., LL.B.	Economics
Ernest Linwood Lehman, B.A.	Latin
Lyde Stuart Pratt, A.B., Ph.D.	Organic Chemistry
Gilbert Paul Voigt, B.A.	German

ASSISTANTS.

Samuel Overton McCue, M.A.	Philosophy
Richard Lee Morton, M.A.	History
Thomas Stuart Luck, M.A.	History
John Spottswood Graves, M.A.	Economics and Political Science
Edward Tankard Browne, B.A.	Mathematics
Robert Macdonald, Jr.	Physics
Francis Milton Massie, B.A.	Chemistry
Thomas Fitz-Hugh, Jr., B.A.	Philosophy
Frank Stringfellow Barr	English
John Graham Edwards, M.A.	Botany
Palmer Hampton Graham, M.A.	Astronomy
Nicholas Ewing Oglesby, B.A.	Economics and Political Science
John Ridout, Jr.	Mathematics

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STUDENT ASSISTANTS.

Ellis Nimmo Tucker	Mathematics
Thomas Jeffries Betts	English Literature
Nathan Cockrell	Zoölogy
William Ellyson Currie	Chemistry
Ernest Bouldin Harper	Philosophy
Reginald Clair Lamb	Physics
John Seward Lawrence	Physics
Hugh Leach	Botany
Judson Hall Robertson	Chemistry
Monroe Warren	Zoölogy
George Arthur Wilson	Biology

The Academic Schools comprise the Schools of Languages, Mathematics,
Sciences, History, Economics, Literature, Philosophy, and Education,
Journalism, and Public Speaking. In the undergraduate courses of
these Schools is comprised the work of the College, leading to the degrees
of Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Science; in the graduate courses is
comprised the work of the Department of Graduate Studies, leading to the
degrees of Graduate in a School, Master of Arts, Master of Science, and
Doctor of Philosophy.

A full statement of the requirements for the degrees of Bachelor of Arts
and Bachelor of Science will be found under the College (pp. 165-169); of
the requirements for the other academic degrees, under the Department of
Graduate Studies (pp. 172-174).

Designation of Courses.—In the detailed account given in the following
pages of the courses offered in the Academic Schools, courses which have
no credit value toward a degree are designated by numbers alone. All
other courses are designated by letters, which have the following significance:

A: a course for undergraduates, with a credit value toward a baccalaureate
degree of three session-hours, to which students who enter with
advanced standing are entitled, under the conditions set forth on page 162.

B: a course for undergraduates, with a credit value toward a baccalaureate
degree of three session-hours, except in the case of courses in the
natural sciences, which have a credit-value of six session-hours each.

C: a course for undergraduates and graduates.

D: a course for graduates.

A term-course is a short course completed in one of the three terms into
which the academic year is divided. Such a course has credit value as
part of an elective-at-large, but not as part of a group-elective.

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ANNOUNCEMENT OF COURSES.

SCHOOL OF PRACTICAL ASTRONOMY.

Professor Mitchell.

Adjunct Professor Olivier.

Mr. Alden.

Mr. Graham.

For Undergraduates.

Astronomy B1: General Astronomy: Mathematics A1 prerequisite.—
The fundamental principles and methods of Theoretical and Practical
Astronomy. Text-book: Young's General Astronomy. (B.A. or B.S.
credit, 3 session-hours.) Monday, Wednesday, Friday, 12-1. Rouss Physical
Laboratory. Professor Mitchell and Mr. Alden.

Astronomy B2: Modern Astronomy: Astronomy B1 prerequisite.—
Newer methods in astronomy; use of instruments; principles of navigation.
(B.A. or B.S. credit, 3 session-hours.) Hours by appointment. Rouss
Physical Laboratory and McCormick Observatory. Adjunct Professor
Olivier.

For Undergraduates and Graduates.

Astronomy C1: Spherical and Practical Astronomy: Astronomy B1
and Mathematics B2 (or its equivalent) prerequisite.—Spherical Astronomy
and theory of astronomical instruments, with practical exercises in making
and reducing astronomical observations. Hours by appointment. Rouss
Physical Laboratory and McCormick Observatory. Adjunct Professor
Olivier.

Astronomy C2: Celestial Mechanics: Astronomy B1 and Mathematics
B2 (or its equivalent) prerequisite.—Rectilinear motion, central forces, potential;
problems of two, three and n bodies, perturbations, determination of a
preliminary orbit. Hours by appointment. Rouss Physical Laboratory.
Adjunct Professor Olivier.

For Graduates.

Astronomy D1: Advanced Practical Astronomy: Astronomy C1 prerequisite.—Determination
of the positions of the fixed stars, use of transit
instrument, equatorials and measuring machines. Hours by appointment.
Professor Mitchell.

Astronomy D2: Theoria Motus: Astronomy B1 and Mathematics B2
(or its equivalent) prerequisite.—Determination of the position of an undisturbed
body from known elements, determination of the elements of an undisturbed
orbit, theory of special perturbations. Hours by appointment.
Professor Mitchell.

Astronomy D3: Advanced Celestial Mechanics: Astronomy C2 prerequisite.—Problem
of three bodies, and theory of general perturbations.
Hours by appointment. Professor Mitchell.

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Astronomy D4: Photographic Astronomy: Astronomy C1 prerequisite.
—Theory and reduction of astronomical photographs, including spectrograms.
Hours by appointment. Professor Mitchell.

For information in regard to the Vanderbilt Fellowships in Astronomy,
see page 116. For summer-school courses in Astronomy on which college
credit will be allowed, see p. 256.

The Astronomical Observatory is situated upon Mount Jefferson, which
furnishes an unobstructed horizon. The principal building is a rotunda
forty-five feet in diameter, which contains the great Clark refractor of
twenty-six inches aperture. The instrument and building are the gift of the
late Leander J. McCormick, Esq., of Chicago. The telescope is fitted with
micrometer, photometer, and a plate-holder for stellar photography. The
computing rooms adjoining contain clocks, chronograph, machines for
measuring astronomical photographs and spectrograms, and an excellent
working library. In a smaller building are a three-inch transit and a six-inch
equatorial.

A temporary Students' Observatory, erected in the rear of Dawson's
Row, is intended primarily for the use of students in Astronomy B1.

JOHN B. CARY MEMORIAL SCHOOL OF BIBLICAL HISTORY.

Professor Forrest.

For Undergraduates.

Biblical History B1: English Literature A1 or A2 prerequisite for all
students who are candidates for a degree.—The History of the Hebrew People
throughout the Old Testament, the Apocrypha, and the New Testament.
Text-book: Sanders, History of the Hebrews. (B.A. or B.S. credit,
3 session-hours.) Tuesday, Thursday, Saturday, 10-11. Peabody Hall,
Room 3.

Biblical Literature B2: English Literature A1 or A2, prerequisite for all
students who are candidates for a degree.—The Literature of the Old and New
Testaments, with attention to the literary features and the contents of the
various books. Text-book: Wood and Grant, The Bible as Literature.
(B.A. or B.S. credit, 3 session-hours.) Tuesday, Thursday, Saturday, 9-10.
Peabody Hall, Room 3.

For Undergraduates and Graduates.

Biblical Literature C1: Any two B courses from the English Group prerequisite.—The
Origin and History of the English Bible: The Canon; The
Text; The English Versions. Monday, Wednesday, Friday, 12-1. Peabody
Hall, Basement Room 1.

For Graduates.

Biblical Literature D1. The Religious Ideas of the Bible, or the
Theology of the Old and New Testaments. Hours by appointment. Peabody
Hall, Basement Room 1.

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MILLER SCHOOL OF BIOLOGY.

Professor Lewis.

Associate Professor Kepner.

Mr. Cockrell.

Mr. Edwards.

Mr. Leach.

Mr. Warren.

Mr. Wilson.

The work of the School is planned to illustrate the fundamental laws
underlying the phenomena of life. The undergraduate work is designed to
meet the needs of three classes of students: first, of those who desire a
knowledge of biological phenomena and principles as a proper part of a
liberal education; second, of those who are looking forward to positions as
teachers; and third, of those seeking a broad foundation for subsequent
work in Agriculture or in Medicine.

A laboratory fee of $5 is charged for each course.

Any course may be withdrawn unless elected by at least four students.

I. BIOLOGY AND AGRICULTURE.

Professor Lewis.

Associate Professor Kepner.

For Undergraduates.

Biology B1: General Biology.—An elementary study of living organisms
and the relations between animals and plants. Plants will be studied
from the standpoint of metabolism and growth and animals with special
reference to their responses. Types will be chosen which illustrate the
fundamental biological laws and throw light on the place of man among living
things. (B.A. or B.S. credit, 6 session-hours.) Lectures, Tuesday,
Thursday, Saturday, 12-1. Laboratory: Section I, Monday, Wednesday,
Friday, 9-11; section II, Tuesday, Thursday, Saturday, 9-11; section III,
Monday, Wednesday, Friday, 3-5. Cabell Hall. Professor Lewis, Associate
Professor Kepner and assistants.

Biology B2: Agricultural Botany: Biology B1 prerequisite.—The physiology
of the higher plants, especially as related to nutrition and growth;
the principles of crop-raising as based on the laws of plant life. Hours by
appointment. Cabell Hall. Professor Lewis.

Biology B3: Agricultural Zoölogy: Biology B1 prerequisite.—The parasitic
protozoa, worms, and arthropods; the insects will be considered in
their economic relations, and the anatomy of the domestic animals examined.
The relation of animals to the soil and to plant life will be discussed.
Hours by appointment. Cabel Hall. Associate Professor Kepner.

Candidates for a diploma of graduation in Biology and Agriculture are
required to complete Biology B2, Biology B3, Botany C1 and Zoölogy C1.

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II. BOTANY.

Professor Lewis.

For Undergraduates.

Botany B1: Biology B1 prerequisite.—The evolution of plants based on
a morphological study of a series of types, which will represent the more
important families of algae, fungi, liverworts, mosses, ferns and seed-plants.
The principles of classification are considered and illustrated. (B.A. or B.S.
credit, 6 session-hours.) Lectures: Tuesday, Thursday, Saturday, 11-12.
Laboratory: Monday, Wednesday, Friday, 9-11. Cabell Hall. Professor
Lewis.

For Undergraduates and Graduates.

Botany C1: Plant Physiology: Biology B1 prerequisite.—A detailed
study of the various activities of plants, such as nutrition, growth, reproduction
and reactions to stimuli. The part plants play in the economy of
nature and their relation to human welfare will be considered. Two lectures
and two three-hour laboratory periods weekly. Hours by appointment.
Cabell Hall. Professor Lewis.

For Graduates.

Botany D1: Opportunity is offered for advanced work along some of
the lines indicated above. The work will be varied to suit the needs of the
students applying for the course. Hours by appointment. Cabell Hall.
Professor Lewis.

III. ZOÖLOGY.

Associate Professor Kepner.

For Undergraduates.

Zoölogy B1: Biology B1 prerequisite.—First term, general embryology.
Second and third terms, comparative anatomy of typical vertebrates. The
course will afford training in histological and embryological technique and
in mammalian dissection. (B.A. or B.S. credit, 6 session-hours.) Lectures:
Monday, Wednesday, Friday, 11-12. Laboratory: Tuesday, Thursday, Saturday,
9-11. Cabell Hall. Associate Professor Kepner.

For Undergraduates and Graduates.

Zoölogy C1: Biology B1 prerequisite.—Experimental Zoölogy. A comparative
study of the morphology and behavior of typical invertebrates.
Two lectures and two three-hour laboratory periods weekly. Hours by appointment.
Cabell Hall. Associate Professor Kepner.

For Graduates.

Zoölogy D1: Principles of Animal Histology. Protoplasm, cell organization,
and tissue formation. The student is required to become familiar
with the principles of histological technique and to make his own preparations.

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Two lectures and two three-hour laboratory periods a week. Also
a weekly meeting of one hour for a discussion with the instructor of current
literature and of the problems arising out of the students' work.
Hours by appointment. Cabell Hall. Associate Professor Kepner.

Further advanced work may be arranged to meet the needs of students.

SCHOOL OF CHEMISTRY.

Professor Bird.

Associate Professor Edgar.

Dr. Pratt.

Mr. Carter.

Mr. Massie.

Mr. Curry.

Mr. Robertson.

Students taking courses in Chemistry are required to pay for each
course a laboratory fee of $10, and to make a special deposit of $5 to cover
breakage of apparatus.

For Undergraduates.

Chemistry B1: General Chemistry.—The fundamental principles and
phenomena of Inorganic, Organic, and Physical Chemistry are discussed,
and the foundations of Analytical Chemistry are dealt with at appropriate
places. Most of the time is devoted to inorganic phenomena. No previous
study of Chemistry is demanded. Students entering in January, with adequate
preparation, will be admitted. (B.A. or B.S. credit, 6 session-hours.)
Section I, Monday, Wednesday, Friday, 11-12; Section II, Tuesday, Thursday,
Saturday, 10-11. Laboratory, 6 hours a week. West Range Chemical
Laboratory. Professor Bird, Dr. Pratt, Mr. Carter, and assistants.

Chemistry B2: Organic Chemistry: Chemistry B1 or its equivalent, prerequisite.—Introduction
to Organic Chemistry, including chemical synthesis
and the theories of molecular structure, as applied to the compounds of carbon.
In the laboratory standard methods of synthesis, as well as the preparation
from natural sources of important organic substances, will be studied
experimentally. (B.A. or B.S. credit, 6 session-hours.) Monday, Wednesday,
Friday, 9-10. Laboratory: Monday, Wednesday, Friday, 2-4. Organic
Laboratory. Associate Professor Edgar, Dr. Pratt and assistants.

For Undergraduates and Graduates.

Chemistry C1: Physical Chemistry: Chemistry B1 and Analytical Chemistry
B1, or the equivalent, prerequisite.—Some knowledge of the Calculus is
required, and previous work in Physics is desirable. This course will include
work upon such topics as the gas laws, kinetic theory of gases, the
properties of dilute solutions, osmotic pressure, the determination of molecular
weights, mass action, reaction velocity and equilibrium, electrolysis
and electrolytic dissociation, the phase rule, etc. The laboratory work will
consist of a thorough course in physico-chemical methods, including the
measurement of electrolytic conductivity, electromotive force, etc. Toward

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the end of the course the student may be required to do a limited amount
of research on some chemical problem suggested by the instructor. Hours
by appointment. Organic Laboratory. Associate Professor Edgar.

Chemistry C2: Advanced Organic Chemistry: Chemistry B1 and B2, or
the equivalent, prerequisite.—During the first term some time will be devoted
to a review of the historical development of the subject, with special attention
to fundamental theories. Parallel reading will be assigned. The remainder
of the year will be devoted to an intimate study of one or more of
the special phases of Organic Chemistry, such as Dyes and Indicators, Carbohydrates,
Terpenes, Polymethylenes, Coal Tar Products, etc. Reading
from the scientific journals and reference books will be assigned.

The laboratory work will consist of the more difficult organic preparations,
partially adapted to the topics under discussion in the lectures, special
attention being given to a quantitative study of the reactions. Hours by appointment.
Organic Laboratory. Dr. Pratt.

For Graduates.

Chemistry D1: Advanced Inorganic Chemistry: Chemistry B1, C1 and
Analytical Chemistry C1, or the equivalent, prerequisite.—The lectures deal
with the fundamental theories and laws of chemical action. Parallel reading
in the history of Chemistry is required. In the laboratory the study of
chemical reactions is taken up in an advanced way, and when the student
has shown proper fitness he undertakes work upon some special problem
in Inorganic Chemistry. Hours by appointment. Professor Bird.

Chemistry D2: Advanced Physical Chemistry: Chemistry B1, C1 and
Analytical Chemistry C1, or the equivalent, prerequisite.—This course will be
given only as occasion demands, and the nature of the work will be arranged
for the individual student. It is intended for those seeking the degree of
Doctor of Philosophy who elect to do work in Physical Chemistry. Hours
by appointment. Associate Professor Edgar.

For summer-school courses in Chemistry, on which college credit will
be allowed, see p. 256.

The Chemical Journal Club meets every Thursday, 11-12, in Professor
Bird's lecture-room, for the critical review and discussion of various topics
of interest in current chemical literature, and of such chemical researches
as may be in progress in the University.

All instructors and advanced students in Chemistry are expected to
participate in these meetings and to take part in the discussions.

The privileges of the club are extended to all persons in the University
or in the vicinity of Charlottesville who are interested in the progress
of Chemistry.

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SCHOOL OF ANALYTICAL AND INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY.

Professor Dunnington.

Mr. Brown.

Students taking courses in Analytical Chemistry are required to pay
a special tuition fee of $40 for each course. Each student is required also to pay a laboratory fee of $10, and to make a deposit of $10 for one course,
or $15 for two courses, to cover the cost of apparatus.

The regular work of this School, constituting a complete course in
Practical Chemistry, is divided into three courses, as follows:

For Undergraduates.

Analytical Chemistry B1: Qualitative Analysis: Chemistry B1 or the
equivalent, prerequisite.—Chemical manipulation; blow-pipe analysis, recognition
of ores, fire assaying of ores of lead, gold and silver; Inorganic
Qualitative Analysis, followed by practice in analysis of salts, alloys, and
ores, the examination of potable water, coal, limestone, clay and so on,
including some simpler quantitative determinations. Weekly written
exercises are required and from nine to twelve hours per week in the laboratory.
(B.A. or B.S. credit, 6 session-hours of electives-at-large.)
Tuesday, Thursday, Saturday, 10-11. Laboratory hours by appointment.
Analytical Laboratory. Professor Dunnington, Mr. Brown.

For Undergraduates and Graduates.

Analytical Chemistry C1: Quantitative Analysis: Analytical Chemistry
B1 or the equivalent, prerequisite.—Training in manipulation and gravimetric
estimations, followed by volumetric estimations and a full course in
Quantitative Analysis of minerals, ores, coal, soil, iron and steel, technical
products, and so on. Weekly written exercises are required, and twelve
hours or more of laboratory work per week. As the student advances in
the course he is encouraged to undertake original research and assist in its
prosecution; and in determining his fitness for graduation, work of this
kind is considered as having much weight. The laboratory is open to
students six days in the week, during all the working hours of the day.
Text-books: G. S. Newth's Manual of Chemical Analysis; Fresenius's Qualitative
and Quantitative Analysis. Monday, Wednesday, Friday, 10-11.
Laboratory hours by appointment. Analytical Laboratory. Professor
Dunnington, Mr. Brown.

Industrial Chemistry C1: Chemistry B1 or Analytical Chemistry B1
prerequisite.—A detailed study is made of the chemical principles and
processes of the more important manufacturing industries, upon which, in
large measure, depend the development of the natural resources of the
country. Among the more important subjects discussed are: the metallurgy
and uses of the principal metals and alloys, and thermit, the manufacture
of acids, alkalies, salts, explosives, glass, pottery and fertilizers; the preparation
and preservation of food, including bread, meat, sugar, etc.; the
chemical arts relating to clothing, such as bleaching, dyeing and tanning;
the chemistry of arts concerning building, including the manufacture of

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brick, lime and cement; the production of artificial lights and heating;
disinfectants, soap, paper, etc. The subjects specially related to Agriculture
are treated of in different portions of this course. There is a weekly
quiz and weekly written exercises are required. Text-book: F. H.
Thorp's Outlines of Industrial Chemistry. Recommended for reference:
T. E. Thorpe's Dictionary of Applied Chemistry; W. E. Roberts-Austen's
Introduction to the Study of Metallurgy; Roger and Aubert's Industrial
Chemistry; Sadtler's Hand-Book of Industrial Organic Chemistry, etc.
H. K. Benson's Industrial Chemistry for Engineering Students.

A clear comprehension of all lines of industrial manufacture is the aim
proposed in this course, a preparation needed by students who expect to
enter upon any branch of such work. Since these lectures are designed to
give some accurate information about materials with which everyone is
concerned in daily life, it is judged that they will afford a valuable addition
to a general education. Monday, Wednesday, Friday, 3-4.30; Tuesday, 12-1.
Analytical Laboratory. Professor Dunnington.

The collections of the University in illustration of the processes and
products of Industrial Chemistry have been procured at much expense and
pains in this country, England, France, and Germany, and are unsually
extensive and good, being among the best on this side of the Atlanic.

Students who accomplish the work of Analytical Chemistry B1 and
C1, and Industrial Chemistry C1, together with Chemistry B1, B2, C1, are
prepared for entering upon work in these several lines of industry.

For Graduates.

Analytical Chemistry D1: Analytical Chemistry C1, Industrial Chemistry
C1, and Chemistry B1, B2, and C1, or the equivalent, prerequisite.—The work
is adapted to the special aims or tastes of each student, but will, in all cases,
comprise some practice in the more elaborate processes of analysis, ultimate
and proximate organic analysis, some study in analytical methods, and some
original problems; also the reading and the summarizing of extracts from
current journals. Laboratory work will be conducted daily, and suggestions
and due assistance will be given in its prosecution. Professor Dunnington.

The Analytical Laboratory is completely fitted with approved appliances,
and stocked with apparatus, models, materials, and specimens. The
main working-room is furnished with work-tables, gas, water, and all
proper fixtures; smaller rooms are devoted to weighing, evaporations, assaying,
etc.

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JAMES WILSON SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS.

Professor Thomas Walker Page.

Adjunct Professor Bardin.

Adjunct Professor Rogers.

Mr. Hyde.

Mr. Graves.

Mr. N. E. Oglesby.

Students are advised not to take Economics B1, Commercial Law B1,
or Commercial Geography B2, before their second year in college.

For Undergraduates.

Economics B1: The Principles of Economics.—A survey of the
principles of economics in the first and second terms is followed in the
third term by a study of the bearing of these principles upon present
American conditions. Instruction will be given by lectures, assigned readings,
reports, and discussions. (B.A. or B.S. credit, 3 session-hours).
Monday, Wednesday, Friday, 10-11. Cabell Hall. Professir Page, Mr.
Graves.

Government B1: United States Government.—This course begins with
a brief discussion of fundamental political concepts so far as is necessary
for an understanding of the American system. Then follows a description of
the departments of the government, their organization and work, the
relation of the states to the federal government, constitutional limitations,
and political parties. The third term includes a survey of political tendencies
in the United States. Discussion of comparative government runs
through the course. Instruction is given by lectures, text-book study,
assigned readings, and written reports. (B.A. or B.S. credit, 3 session-hours.)
Tuesday, Thursday, Saturday, 1-2. Cabell Hall. Adjunct Professor
Rogers and Mr. N. E. Oglesby.

Commercial Geography B1: General Survey.—The agricultural, industrial
and artistic production of the various nations of the world, the
conditions governing the markets, the laws of international exchange, the
development of trade relations and a summary of the history of commerce
and the shifting, with time, of trade routes. (B.A. or B.S. credit, 3 session-hours
of electives-at-large.) Adjunct Professor Babdin. Omitted in 19161917.

Commercial Geography B2; Economic Geography of Latin-America.—
A general survey of the civilizations, past and present, of the Republics
of South and Central America and Mexico. First term: a study of the
physical geography and climate of the region, with map-making and parallel
reading; the history and ethnology of the native races. Second term:
the Spanish Conquest and Colonial Empire, and the South American Revolution;
the growth of the modern states, the origins of republicanism,
and the consequences of the economic and political anarchy of this epoch.
Third term: the economic and racial status of the present-day republics,
and the tendencies of their growth and development, as predicated by
history and economic conditions. (B.A. or B.S. credit, 3 session-hours of
electives-at-large.) Monday, Wednesday, Friday, 3:30-4:30. Rotunda, S. E.
Adjunct Professor Bardin.

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Commercial Law B1: A detailed study of the fundamental and important,
rather than the technical, principles of those subjects of which
some knowledge is necessary in ordinary commercial transactions, including
Contracts, Negotiable Instruments, Agency, Partnership, Bailments and
Carriers, Sales of Personal Property, Insurance. Instruction is given in
the practical drafting of business documents, such as, Simple Contracts,
Powers of Attorney, Articles of Co-Partnership. Mortgages, Deeds of
Trust and Bills of Sale. (B.A. or B.S. credit, 3 session-hours of electives-at-large.
Monday, Wednesday, Friday, 1-2. Minor Hall. Mr. Hyde.

For Undergraduates and Graduates.

Economics C1: The Growth of American Industry and Commerce:
Economics B1 or the equivalent, prerequisite.—Economic principles as illustrated
by American experience, with a study of the influence of economic
conditions upon American social and political development. The work is
mainly topical and the topics receiving chief emphasis vary from year to
year. Professor Page. Offered in alternate years with Economics C2.
Omitted in 1916-1917.

Economics C2: Public Finance, Money and Banking: Economics B1
or the equivalent, prerequisite.—First and second terms: The general principles
of public finance, with a detailed investigation of state and local
taxation. Third term: The financial institutions and methods of the Federal
Government. Monday, Wednesday, Friday, 11-12. Professor Page.

Government C1: Municipal Government: Government B1 or the equivalent,
prerequisite.—The causes and characteristics of urban growth and the
various forms of municipal government that have been tried in the United
States and in Europe, with special attention to the question of home rule,
the newer forms of city government, and problems of municipal administration.
Monday, Wednesday, Friday, 12-1. Cabell Hall. Adjunct Professor
Rogers.

Only one of the following courses will be given in 1916-1917.

Government C2: Recent State Constitutions: Government B1 or the
equivalent, prerequisite.—The problems of reconstructing state government,
and the trend of constitutional development, with a study of the political
theories involved, such as the short ballot, the bi-cameral legislature, legislative
responsibility, budgetary control, suffrage qualifications, limitations
on legislative action, direct government, and judicial review. Monday,
Wednesday, Friday, 1-2. Cabell Hall. Adjunct Professor Rogers.

Government C3: Politics and Jurisprudence: Government B1 or the
equivalent, prerequisite.—Various concepts of the state, of sovereignty, and
of political obligation, the reconciliation of government and liberty, and
principles of state interference; the nature, sources, and forms of law, its
philosophical and sociological aspects, and problems of social legislation.
This course is of especial value for those intending to take up the study of
law. Monday, Wednesday, Friday, 1-2. Cabell Hall. Adjunct Professor
Rogers.

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For Graduates.

The following are courses of research. Competent students are guided
in the intensive and methodical investigation of selected topics, and the
results are presented for discussion. The members of the teaching staff of
the School will combine to give guidance and instruction.

Economics D1.—Hours by appointment. Professor Page.

Government D1.—Hours by appointment. Adjunct Professor Rogers.

Commercial Geography D1.—Hours by appointment. Adjunct Professor
Bardin.

CURRY MEMORIAL SCHOOL OF EDUCATION.

Professor Heck.

Professor Maphis.

Associate Professor Hall-Quest.

For Undergraduates.

Education B1: Evolution, Heredity and Education.

First Term: Stages and Factors of Organic Evolution.

Second Term: Heredity and Eugenics.

Third Term: Biological Foundations of Education.

(B.A. or B.S. credit, 3 session-hours.) Monday and Wednesday,
7:30-9 P. M. Peabody Hall, Room 2. Professor Heck.

Education B2: Sociological Principles of Education.

First Term: Introduction to Sociology.

Second Term: Evolution of the Family and Other Educational Institutions.

Third Term: Social Needs of Education.

(B.A. or B.S. credit, 3 session-hours.) Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday,
9-10. Peabody Hall, Room 2. Professor Heck.

Education B3: Secondary Education.—This course is intended primarily
for students who expect to teach, or to occupy some administrative
position in high-school or general educational work. It embraces a study
of the secondary school,—its historical development and present tendencies,
its place and function in organized society, the current conception of secondary
education and its relation to higher education, its curriculum,—
based on a general survey of present educational theory and practice—the
high-school plant, buildings and equipment, the organization and administration
of state high-school systems. (B.A. or B.S. credit, 3 session-hours
of electives-at-large.) Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, 12-1. Peabody
Hall, Room 2. Professor Maphis.

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Education B4: Educational Systems:

First Term: Brief survey of educational aims as illustrated by the educational
methods of Greece, Rome, France, Germany and England. A study
of some of the leading educational classics of these countries with special
attention to the theories of Plato, Aristotle, Quintilian, Rousseau, Herbart,
Locke and Spencer.

Second Term: American education; the various types of education,
public and private, with a survey of the most important educational movements
of the present time; the organization of the American school system.

Third Term: Problems of higher education; the aims and methods
of colleges and universities; the meaning of academic degrees; modern
movements in higher education.

Text-books: Graves's History of Education; various classics in education;
books by Foster, Birdseye, Snedden, Elliott.

(B.A. or B.S. credit, 3 session-hours.) Tuesday, Thursday, Saturday,
12-1. Peabody Hall. Associate Professor Hall-Quest.

Education B5: Applied Psychology: Biology B1 or Philosophy B3, prerequisite:

First Term: The education of the instincts, together with a detailed
study of laws of habit-formation and the psychology of learning various
subjects.

Second Term: The education of the senses, together with a special
study of imaging in the forms of perception, association and memory.

Third Term: The education of the higher thought processes, with
a study of the emotions and of aesthetics.

Text-books: Thorndike's Educational Psychology; Colvin's The Learning
Process; Bagley's The Educative Process; Dewey's How We Think.

(B.A. or B.S. credit, 3 session-hours.) Tuesday, Thursday, Saturday,
10-11. Peabody Hall, Room 4. Associate Professor Hall-Quest.

Education B6: Principles and Methods of Teaching and Study:

First Term: The educational value of the modern program of studies;
the psychology of high-school subjects.

Second Term: Lesson Types: appreciation, drill, induction, deduction,
exposition, recitation, examinations; the meaning, methods and problems
of each.

Third Term: Supervised Study,—its meaning; contents of subject-matter;
methods of study; investigations and results.

Text-books: Bagley's Educational Values; Judd's The Psychology of
High-School Subjects; Earhart's Types of Teaching; Hall-Quest's Syllabus
on Supervised Study.

(B.A. or B.S. credit, 3 session-hours of electives-at-large.) Tuesday,
Thursday, Saturday, 11-12. Peabody Hall, Room 4. Associate Professor
Hall-Quest.

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For Undergraduates and Graduates.

Education C1: Educational Hygiene: Two B courses in Education
prerequisite.

First Term: Measurement, Defects, and Hygiene of Development.

Second Term: Hygiene of School Buildings, Equipment, and Management.

Third Term: Personal and Community Hygiene.

Monday and Wednesday, 4:45-6:15. Peabody Hall, Room 2. Professor
Heck.

Education C2: The Psychology of Biography.—Philosophy B3 and any B
course in Education, prerequisite.

First Term: Analysis of the qualities of greatness, including a study
of the psychology of leadership and personality.

Second Term: Detailed study of the biographies of inventors and
scientists.

Third Term: Detailed study of the biographies of writers and statesmen.

Text-books: Jastrow's Character and Temperament; Larned's A Study
of Greatness in Men; Anna Burr's The Autobiography.

Monday and Tuesday, 7:30-9 P. M. Peabody Hall, or at the Professor's
home. Associate Professor Hall-Quest.

For summer-school courses in Education on which college credit is
allowed, see p. 256.

Recommendation of Teachers.—The recommendation of teachers from
the School of Education is in charge of the Bureau of Appointments,
through which positions are secured, not only for students of the School
of Education, but for other students who are known to be fitted to fill vacancies
reported. In response to requests from the proper authorities, teachers
are recommended for positions as instructors in colleges and normal
schools, as superintendents, as supervisors in special subjects, as principals
or department teachers in high schools, and as principals of elementary
schools. The demand for teachers has been greater than the supply. Correspondence
with regard to this matter may be addressed to the Bureau of
Appointments, University, Virginia.

140

EDGAR ALLAN POE SCHOOL OF ENGLISH.

Professor Smith.

Mr. Harrison.

Mr. Barr.

For Undergraduates.

English B1: Old English, Middle English, and Early Modern English:
English Literature A1 or A2, or the equivalent, prerequisite.

1. Old English.
2. Chaucer.
3. Malory's Morte d'Arthur.

(B.A. or B.S. credit, 3 session-hours.) Monday, Wednesday, Friday,
10-11. Peabody Hall. Professor Smith and Mr. Harrison.

English B2: The Structure of English: English Literature A1 or A2, or
the equivalent, prerequisite.

1. The Origin and Growth of the English Language.
2. Three Principles of Structure.
3. The Study of Select Texts.

(B.A. or B.S. credit, 3 session-hours.) Tuesday, Thursday, Saturday,
10-11. Peabody Hall. Professor Smith.

For Undergraduates and Graduates.

English C1: American Literature: A Study by Types: Any two B
courses in the Schools of English and of English Literature, prerequisite.

1. A Survey of the Eleven Types. The Epic, the Drama, the Ballad,
the Lyric.

2. The Lyric concluded. History, Biography, the Essay, the Oration,
the Letter.

3. The Novel, the Short Story.

Monday, Wednesday, Friday, 9-10. Cabell Hall. Professor Smith.

For Graduates.

English D1: Old English Poetry.

A rapid reading of the extant body of old English Poetry. Hours by
appointment. Professor Smith.

English D2:

1. The Ballad. Professor Smith.
2. Robert Browning. Professor Smith.
3. Comparative Literature. Professor Smith.

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LINDEN KENT MEMORIAL SCHOOL OF ENGLISH LITERATURE.

Professor Kent.

Mr. Bruce.

Adjunct Professor Johnson.

Mr. Betts.

Mr. Gordon.

For Undergraduates.

English Literature A1: Recommended to students who have satisfied
the minimum entrance requirements in English.

1. Rhetoric and Composition.—A thorough review of the principles
of rhetoric, and constant practice in composition, with special attention to
Description and Narration. Text-books: Canby's English Composition in
Theory and Practice; Rice's College and the Future.

2. Composition and English Literature.—Exposition; History of English
Literature, with class and parallel reading of prose and poetry. Textbooks:
Long's History of English Literature; Manly's English Prose and
Hutchinson's British Poetry.

3. Composition and English Literature.—Argumentation; History of
English Literature, with class and parallel reading of prose and poetry.
Parallel reading and written exercises are required throughout the session.

(B.A. or B.S. credit, 3 session-hours.) Section I, Monday, Wednesday,
Friday, 10-11, Cabell Hall; Sections II and IV, Monday, Wednesday,
Friday, 12-1; Section III, Tuesday, Thursday, Saturday, 11-12, Peabody
Hall; Section V, Tuesday, Thursday, Saturday, 12-1, Cabell Hall. Adjunct
Professor Johnson and Mr. Bruce.

English Literature A2: Recommended to students with good preparatory
training in English and especially those who expect to pursue further
courses in English Literature or English.

1. Advanced Composition.—Theory and structure of the paragraph;
description and narration; composition of the paragraph and of longer
discourse, and investigation of standard prose. Text-books: Scott and
Denney's Paragraph-Writing (Revised Edition), and Foerster, Manchester,
and Young's Essays for College Men.

2. Composition and American Literature.—Exposition; History of
American Literature; critical study of American prose and poetry. Textbooks:
Cairns' American Literature; Bronson's American Poems. Parallel
reading in prose and poetry is required.

3. Composition and American Literature.—Argumentation; History
of American Literature; critical study of American prose and poetry.
Parallel reading required.

(B.A. or B.S. credit, 3 session-hours.) Monday, Wednesday, Friday,
11-12. Cabell Hall. Adjunct Professor Johnson.

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English Literature B1: English Literature A1 or A2, or the equivalent,
prerequisite.

1. Advanced Rhetoric and Composition, with special study of minor
forms of prose discourse. Text-books: Genung's Working Principles of
Rhetoric; the Atlantic Monthly; Scott and Zeitlin's College Readings.

2. Narration, with special study of the short story and the biographical
sketch. Description as ancillary to Narration.

3. Exposition, with special study of the history and structure of the
literary essay.

About 900 pages of parallel reading, 24 written exercises, and 3 essays,
one each term, will be required. (B.A. or B.S. credit, 3 session-hours.)
Tuesday, Thursday, Saturday, 11-12. Cabell Hall. Professor Kent.

English Literature B2: English Literature A1 or A2, or the equivalent,
prerequisite, and A2 strongly recommended.

1. Milton: His Age and His Poetry.
2. Prose of the Victorian Era.
3. Contemporary British Poets.

About 1,000 pages of parallel reading, 20 written exercises, and 3
essays, one each term, will be required. (B.A. or B.S. credit, 3 session-hours.)
Tuesday, Thursday, Saturday, 9-10. Cabell Hall. Professor Kent.

For Undergraduates and Graduates.

English Literature C1: Any two B courses in the Schools of English
and of English Literature, prerequisite.

1. Shakespeare as a Dramatic Artist.
2. English Romanticism.
3. Contemporary Drama.

Tuesday, Thursday, Saturday, 1-2. Cabell Hall. Professor Kent.

For Graduates.

English Literature D1:

1. The History of English Prosody.

2. The History of English Prosody.

3. The History of English Prose Rythm.

Wednesday and Friday, 12:30-2. Professor Kent.

For summer-school courses in English Literature, on which college
credit will be allowed, see p. 256.

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CORCORAN AND ROGERS SCHOOLS OF GENERAL AND ECONOMIC
GEOLOGY.

Adjunct Professor Cline.

Professor Watson.

Associate Professor Grasty.

For Undergraduates.

Geology B1: General Geology.—Fundamental principles of Geology,
including a general discussion of Dynamical, Structural, Physiographical,
and Historical Geology, with practical work in the laboratory and excursions
in the field. (B.A. or B.S. credit, 6 session-hours.) Monday, Wednesday,
Friday, 9-10. Laboratory: Monday, Wednesday, Friday, 3-5. Brooks
Museum. Associate Professor Grasty.

Geology B2: Engineering Geology.—Special course for students in
Engineering. Detailed treatment of Dynamical, Structural and Physiographical
Geology, and of their practical application to Engineering Work.
Especial emphasis is given the rock-forming minerals, and rocks, building-stone,
and ores. (B.A. or B.S. credit, 6 session-hours.) Monday, Tuesday,
Wednesday, 12-1. Laboratory: Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, 10-12.
Brooks Museum. Professor Watson, Adjunct Professor Cline.

Geology B3: Mineralogy.—This course is for beginners, and it serves
both as a general course in the subject, and as an introduction to more
advanced work. Especial attention is given to Crystallography, Physical
and Chemical Mineralogy, and Descriptive Mineralogy. The second portion
of the course will be devoted to Descriptive Mineralogy, including a study
of the classification, properties, modes of formation, association and occurrence,
and uses of minerals. (B.A. or B.S. credit, 6 session-hours.)
Hours by appointment. Associate Professor Grasty.

Term Course: Determinative Mineralogy.—A practical study of mineral
species by means of blow-pipe analysis with the object of gaining
familiarity with the common minerals and facility in their identification.
Six hours' laboratory work per week, second term. A laboratory fee of $3
is required. (B.A. or B.S. credit, 1 session-hour of electives-at-large.)
Hours by appointment. Brooks Museum. Adjunct Professor Cline.

For Undergraduates and Graduates.

Geology C1: Petrology: Geology B3, or its equivalent, prerequisite.—
This course aims to give a thorough knowledge of the determination of
minerals and rocks in thin sections under the microscope. It includes:

(a) Physical Crystallography.—A full discussion of optical and microscopical
mineralogy, with especial reference to the behavior of minerals
as constituents of rock masses.

(b) Petrography.—A discussion of the microscopic structure, mineralogical
composition, genetic relations, and distribution of igneous, sedimentary,
and metamorphic rocks. The laboratory work enables the
student to become familiar with the various groups of rocks by means
of the polarizing microscope.

144

Lectures and laboratory work to the amount of 19 hours a week
throughout the year. Hours by appointment. Brooks Museum. Professor
Watson, Adjunct Professor Cline.

Geology C2: Geology of Ore Deposits: Geology B1, or its equivalent,
prerequisite, and Geology C1 in addition recommended.—A general but comprehensive
account of the origin, nature, distribution, and uses of the metallic
products, with especial reference to those of the United States. Lectures,
collateral reading, laboratory and field work, to the amount of twelve hours
per week throughout the year. Hours by appointment. Brooks Museum.
Professor Watson. Omitted in 1916-1917.

Geology C3: Geology of the Nonmetallic Minerals: Geology B1, or
its equivalent, prerequisite, and Geology C1 in addition recommended.—A comprehensive
account of the origin, nature, distribution, and uses of the nonmetallic
products, with especial reference to those of the United States.
Lectures, collateral reading, laboratory and field work, to the amount of
twelve hours per week throughout the year. Hours by appointment.
Professor Watson.

As outlined, Geology C2 and C3 make up the subject of General Economic
Geology. The two courses are planned to be given in alternate
years.

Geology C4: Geological Field Methods: Geology B1, or its equivalent,
prerequisite, and Geology C1 in addition recommended.—Special course
for students in geology and engineering, designed to familiarize the student
with the methods employed and the instruments used in making topographic
and geologic maps. The structural relationships of rocks and the proper
cartographic representation of these occurrences in nature are especially
emphasized. Lectures and field work. Hours by appointment. Brooks
Museum. Associate Professor Grasty, Adjunct Professor Cline.

Geology C5: Structural Geology: Geology B1, or B2, and Geology B3,
or their equivalent, prerequisite, and Geology C2, and C4, in addition recommended.—A
discussion of the causes, manifestations, and recognition of the
evidence of various types of earth movements, and of the relation of topography
to structure. The more important mountainous regions of this and
other countries are treated with reference to age, lithologic succession,
and characteristics of their rocks and structures. The economic effects of
folding in general are also considered. Special emphasis is given to the
regional and structural geology of the Atlantic States. Lectures, collateral
reading, preparation of papers, laboratory and field work to the amount of
twelve lecture hours per week throughout the year. Hours by appointment.
Brooks Museum. Associate Professor Grasty.

For Graduates.

Geology D1: Advanced Geology: Geology B1 and B3 prerequisite.—
A thorough treatment of the broader problems of the science, involving the
knowledge of stratigraphical principles, as a preparation for independent
research. Especial attention will be given to imparting a practical knowledge

145

of the various rocks, and of the animal and plant fossils of the different
eras, with a view to using them in determining unknown formations.
Stress will be laid upon field work, and the methods of determining and
describing the geology of new regions. To impart such knowledge the
student will be required to work up some particular region or formation,
and report his results. Topics involving a knowledge of the literature and
growth of opinion in relation to particular questions may be assigned to
form the subject of theses. Hours by appointment. Brooks Museum. Professor
Watson, Associate Professor Grasty.

Geology D2: Advanced Mineralogy and Petrography: Geology C2
and C3 or their equivalent, prerequisite.—Adapted to the needs of the
individual student. Properly qualified students may pursue work directed
along the line of crystallography (crystal measurements and drawings, and
crystal optics), chemical mineralogy (mineral or rock analysis), or petrographic
research. Hours by appointment. Brooks Museum. Professor
Watson, Associate Professor Grasty.

Geology D3: Advanced Economic Geology: Geology C2 and C3, or
the equivalent, prerequisite.—Special topics in mining geology for advanced
students, selected according to the needs of the individual student. Lectures,
laboratory and field work, reading, reports and theses. Hours by appointment.
Brooks Museum. Professor Watson, Associate Professor
Grasty.

Geology D4: Economic Geology of the Southern Appalachians:
Geology C2 and C3, or the equivalent, prerequisite.—Detailed study of the
mining geology of the region, especially that of Virginia. Excursions to
various parts of the region will be taken and individual reports required.
Original investigation of an assigned area, based upon field work, is required
of each student. Hours by appointment. Brooks Museum. Professor
Watson.

Geological Seminary.—Review and discussion of the more important
current geological literature, and the preparation of papers on special subjects
based on field and library investigations. All instructors and advanced
students in geology are expected to take part in the discussions at
these meetings. Time to be arranged.

The Lewis Brooks Museum contains collections illustrating the main
subdivisions of Natural History. Each of the collections is arranged so
as to exemplify the principles of the science, and at the same time offers
a large variety of subjects for advanced study. In Geology the specimens
show all the different kinds of rocks, classified according to mineral character
and the formation in which they occur; the collection of fossils,
plaster casts, maps, etc., is exceptionally fine, and fully illustrates Historical
Geology. In Mineralogy the principles of the science are made
plain by well-chosen suits of specimens, models of crystals, etc. The general
collection of minerals contains all the important species, and many
of the rarer ones, in good specimens. In addition to the above, a beginning
has been made of a collection to illustrate the geology and mineralogy
of the State of Virginia, and this is being increased as rapidly as possible.

146

SCHOOL OF GERMANIC LANGUAGES.

Professor Faulkner.

Mr. Voigt.

For Undergraduates.

German 1: Beginners may take this course. Elementary grammar
and prose composition; special training in pronunciation and simple conversational
German; reading of about four hundred pages of German prose,
with conversational exercises and composition work in free reproduction,
based on texts read. (No credit for any degree. Admits to German B1
only.) Two Sections: I. Tuesday, Thursday, Saturday, 12-1. II. Tuesday,
Thursday, Saturday, 1-2. Peabody Hall. Professor Faulkner, Mr. Voigt.

Students entering in January, with one to two years of preliminary
training in German, may profitably register for German 1, and will be
given credit for the work of the first term, on the successful completion
of the remaining two terms.

German B1: German 1 or German A and B of the entrance requirements,
prerequisite.—Reading of about eight hundred pages of prose, illustrative
of modern German life and thought; grammatical and conversational
exercises and composition work in free reproduction, based on texts read,
throughout the session. (B.A. or B.S. credit, 3 session-hours.) Two
Sections: I. Monday, Wednesday, Friday, 10-11. II. Monday, Wednesday,
Friday, 1-2. Peabody Hall. Professor Faulkner, Mr. Voigt.

Students entering in January, with three years or more of preliminary
training in German, may profitably register for German B1, and will receive
full credit for the course by successfully completing the work of the
second and third terms of the current session, and that of the first term
in the session next ensuing.

German B2: German B1, or its equivalent, prerequisite.—History of
German Literature; Storm and Stress and the Classic Drama; the Romantic
Movement; German lyric and ballad poetry. Reading of about one
thousand pages in selected texts, illustrative of topics treated. Conversational
exercises and composition-themes in German throughout the session.
(B.A. or B.S. credit, 3 session-hours.) Monday, Wednesday, Friday, 12-1.
Peabody Hall. Professor Faulkner, Mr. Voigt.

For Undergraduates and Graduates.

The following courses are offered in alternate years. Unless otherwise
stated, all lectures and class work are in German. Hence students desiring
to enter either of these courses will be required to give satisfactory
evidence of ability to understand spoken German.

German C1: German B1 and B2, or the equivalent, prerequisite.—
First Term: Die Tragödie der Klassiker; Seminar: Schillers Wallenstein.
Second Term: Der deutsche Roman, 1795-1870. Third Term: Seminar:
Goethes Wilhelm Meisters Lehrjahre; Kellers Der Grüne Heinrich. Tuesday,
Thursday, Saturday, 10-11. Peabody Hall. Professor Faulkner. Offered
in 1916-1917.

147

German C2: German B1 and B2, or the equivalent, prerequisite.—First
Term: Historical Grammar, with selected readings in specimens of early
New High German prose and poetry. (Given in English.) Second and
Third Term: Goethes Jugend: Gedichte bis 1775; die Leiden des jungen
Werthers; Götz von Berlichingen; Dichtung und Wahrheit. Seminar:
Goethes Faust, I. und II. Teil. Tuesday, Thursday, Saturday, 10-11. Peabody
Hall. Professor Faulkner. Omitted in 1916-1917.

For Graduates.

The following courses are open only to candidates for a doctor's degree
in one of the Schools of English, English Literature, Latin, Greek, Romanic
or Germanic Languages, who have already completed not less than one year
of graduate work as candidates for that degree. Only one course will be
given in any one session. The selection will depend on the wishes and
needs of the applicants. Graduate students, therefore, who wish to enter
any one of these courses are requested to notify the head of the School not
later than June fifteenth, preceding the session in which they desire to enter
the course.

For all of these courses German C1 or C2 is a prerequisite.

German D1: Gothic and Old High German. Three hours a week, by
appointment. Professor Faulkner.

German D2: Middle High German, with readings in the Nibelungenlied.
Three hours a week, by appointment. Professor Faulkner.

German D3: Middle High German, with readings in Walther von der
Vogelweide. Three hours a week, by appointment. Professor Faulkner.

For Summer-school courses in German, on which college credit will be
allowed, see p. 256.

SCHOOL OF GREEK.

Professor Webb.

Adjunct Professor McLemore.

For Undergraduates.

Greek 1: For beginners: Elementary grammar and composition;
Xenophon, Anabasis. Covers two years of school work and admits to
Greek A1. (No credit value for any degree.) Monday, Wednesday, Friday,
9-10. Cabell Hall. Adjunct Professor McLemore.

Greek 2: Greek A of the entrance requirements, prerequisite.—Xenophon,
Anabasis: Homer, Iliad I-III. Grammar and composition. (No credit
value for any degree.) Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, 9-10. Cabell Hall.
Professor Webb.

148

Greek A1: Greek 1 or 2, or Greek A and B of the entrance requirements,
prerequisite.—Lysias, selected orations; Plato, Apology and Crito;
Homer, Odyssey V-VIII. Grammar and composition. Collateral reading:
Private and Public Life of the Greeks. (B.A. credit, 3 session-hours.)
Tuesday, Thursday, Saturday, 10-11. Cabel Hall. Professor Webb.

Greek B1: Greek A1 or its equivalent, prerequisite. Herodotus, Book
VII. Euripides, Medea; Menander, Epitrepontes; Aristophanes, Clouds.
Collateral reading: History of Greek Literature. (B.A. credit, 3 session-hours.)
Monday, Wednesday, Friday, 11-12. Cabell Hall. Professor Webb.

Greek B2: Greek B1 or its equivalent, prerequisite.—Demosthenes, On
the Crown, with a comparative study of Æschines, Against Ctesiphon;
Lyric Poets, selection; Aristophanes, Knights; Sophocles, Antigone. (B.A.
credit, 3 session-hours.) Monday, Wednesday, Friday, 10-11. Cabell Hall.
Professor Webb.

For Undergraduates and Graduates.

Greek C1: Greek B2, prerequisite. Thucydides, Book II; Aristophanes,
Acharnians and Frogs; Euripides, Bacchae; Sophocles, Œdipus Tyrannus;
Æschylus, Prometheus; Theocritus, selections. Hours by appointment.
Cabell Hall. Professor Webb.

For Graduates.

Only one of the following courses will be offered in any one session.
Hours by appointment. Greek C1, prerequisite.

Greek D1. Sophocles. Professor Webb.

Greek D2: Aristophanes. Professor Webb.

Greek D3: Greek Epigraphy, Palaeography, and Text-Criticism. Professor
Webb.

CORCORAN SCHOOL OF HISTORY.

Professor Dabney.

Mr. Morton.

Mr. Luck.

Students with adequate preparation may enter any of the courses in
the School of History at the beginning of any term of the session, and
will receive full credit for the course on completing the work of the remaining
term or terms of the course in question during some subsequent session.

History B1: General History to the Close of the Middle Age: Greek
civilization, Roman imperialism, the rise and spread of Christianity,
Monasticism, the Barbarian Invasions, the Papacy, the Holy Roman Empire,
Feudalism, Mohammedanism, the Crusades, and the early development
of Nationalism in Europe. (B.A. or B.S. credit, 3 session-hours.)
Tuesday, Thursday, Saturday, 10-11. Rotunda, N. W. Professor Dabney.

149

History B2: Modern History: History B1 prerequisite.—The Renaissance,
the Protestant Revolution, the Thirty Years' War, the Puritan Revolution,
the development of Spain, France, England and Prussia, the French
Revolution, the Napoleonic Empire, and the leading events of the nineteenth
and twentieth centuries down to the outbreak of the European war.
(B.A. or B.S. credit, 3 session-hours.) Monday, Wednesday, Friday, 11-12.
Rotunda, N. W. Professor Dabney.

For Undergraduates and Graduates.

History C1: History of the United States: History B1 and B2 prerequisite.—In
addition to a considerable amount of reading, essays or reports,
based upon the sources as well as upon secondary authorities, will
be required. Monday, Wednesday, Friday, 12-1. Rotunda, N. W. Professor
Dabney.

For Graduates.

Only one of the two following courses will be given in any one year.
The first is broad and extensive, the second, minute and intensive.

History D1: History B1 and B2 prerequisite.—Intellectual, Moral, Religious
and Social Development of Europe.—In addition to critical discussions
of, and written examinations upon a large number of historical works,
a critical essay upon each of them will be required. Hours by appointment.
Professor Dabney.

History D2: History C1 prerequisite.—History of the Reconstruction of
the Southern States. A close study of the sources as well as of the secondary
authorities on this period. Hours by appointment. Professor
Dabney.

For summer-school courses in History, on which college credit will
be allowed, see p. 256.

SCHOOL OF JOURNALISM.

Adjunct Professor Whipple.

Students are advised not to elect these courses before their second year
in college and not to register for both courses in one year. Practical work
will be required in both courses, and will take the form of writing for the
university publications and for the daily newspaper in Charlottesville. The
professor in charge is ready to help students outline courses of study in
preparation for the profession of journalism.

For Undergraduates.

Journalism B1: Newspaper Writing.—Technical training in writing
and editing news. Instruction by lectures, texts, reference reading, study
of newspapers, and constant practical work. Laboratory fee: $2 a term.

First Term: Newspaper organization; definition of news; the news
story; reporting; correspondence; newspaper rhetoric.

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Second Term: Copy-reading and desk work; headlines; make-up; type
and printing; proof-reading; exchanges.

Third Term: Human interest stories; features and special stories; department
editors; syndicate matter; country journalism.

(B.A. or B.S. credit, 3 session-hours of electives-at-large.) Monday,
Wednesday, Friday, 3-4, or 8-9. Rotunda, S. E. Adjunct Professor
Whipple.

Journalism B2: Principles of Journalism.—Combined technical and
cultural instruction for students who expect to enter journalism, or who
need to understand and interpret democratic public opinion. Instruction
as in Journalism B1, with research and formal writing as well as practice in
the forms studied.

First Term: Principles of publicity and editorial management; psychology
of public opinion; advertising; circulation; mediums.

Second Term: The editorial page; editorial writing; paragraph and
columns; newspaper policies; newspaper jurisprudence; southern problems.

Third Term: History of journalism; American papers and editors;
comparative journalism; functions and ethics of the press; the modern paper;
profession of journalism.

(B.A. or B.S. credit, 3 session-hours.) Monday, Wednesday, Friday,
9-10. Rotunda, S. E. Adjunct Professor Whipple.

SCHOOL OF LATIN.

Professor Fitz-Hugh.

Adjunct Professor McLemore.

Mr. Barton.

Mr. Lehman.

Students may enter any of the courses in Latin at the beginning of any
term of the session, and will receive full credit for the course on completing
subsequently the work of the remaining term or terms of the course
in question.

For Undergraduates.

Latin A1: Latin A, B, C, and D, of the entrance requirements, prerequisite.

I. In Language: General grammar (Gildersleeve-Lodge), with oral
and written exercises (Mather-Wheeler, Moulton-Collar).

II. In Literature: Historical, Sallust's Jugurthine War and Conspiracy
of Catiline—epic, Vergil's Æneid (Books VII-XII), and Ovid's Metamorphoses
(Books XIII-XIV), with study of the hexameter—philosophic,
Cicero's Friendship and Old Age, and his Tusculan Disputations and Dream
of Scipio.

III. In Life: The geography, history, and private and public life of
the Romans (Kiepert's Atlas Antiquus, Myers' Ancient History, Johnston's
Private Life of the Romans, Tighe's Roman Constitution).

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(B.A. credit, 3 session-hours.) Section I, Monday, Wednesday, Friday,
1-2; Section II, Tuesday, Thursday, Saturday, 1-2. Cabell Hall. Professor
Fitz-Hugh, Mr. Barton, Mr. Lehman.

Latin B1: Latin A1 or its equivalent, prerequisite.

I. In Language: General grammar (Gildersleeve-Lodge), with oral
and written exercises (Nutting, Gildersleeve-Lodge, Bennett).

II. In Literature: Historical and biographic, Livy, Books I-II, and
Tacitus' Agricola—lyric and elegiac, Catullus' Odes and the Elegiac Poets,
with study of the lyric and elegiac meters—philosophic, Cicero's De Officiis
and Seneca's Moral Essays.

III. In Life: The religion and mythology of the Romans (Carter's
Religion of Numa, Fairbanks' Mythology of Greece and Rome).

(B.A. credit, 3 session-hours.) Monday, Wednesday, Friday, 11-12.
Cabell Hall. Professor Fitz-Hugh, Adjunct Professor McLemore.

Latin B2: Latin A1, or its equivalent, prerequisite.

I. In Language: General grammar (Gildersleeve-Lodge), with oral
and written exercises (Nutting, Gildersleeve-Lodge, Bennett).

II. In Literature: Historical and descriptive, Livy, Books XXI-XXII,
and Tacitus' Germania—lyric, idyllic, and didactic, Horace's Odes and Vergil's
Bucolics and Georgics, with study of the meters of lyric verse—critical
and didactic, Cicero's De Claris Oratoribus and Quintilian's Training of the
Orator.

III. In Life: The art of the Romans (Reinach's Apollo, Tarbell's History
of Greek Art, Goodyear's Roman Art).

(B.A. credit, 3 session-hours.) Tuesday, Thursday, Saturday, 11-12.
Cabell Hall. Professor Fitz-Hugh, Mr. Barton.

For Undergraduates and Graduates.

Latin C1: Latin B1 and B2, or the equivalent of both, prerequisite.

I. In Language: History of the Latin Language (Whitney's Language
and the Study of Language, Bennett's Latin Language), with oral and written
exercises (Moore, Bennett, Nettleship).

II. In Literature: Historical and epistolary, Tacitus' Annals and
Cicero's Letters—dramatic and satirical, Plautus' Captivi, Terence's Phormio,
and Horace's Satires and Epistles, with study of the meters of the drama—
critical, Cicero's De Oratore and Orator, and Tacitus' Dialogus de Oratoribus.

III. In Life: The literary life of the Romans (Duff's Literary History
of Rome and Laing's Masterpieces of Latin Literature).

Monday, Wednesday, Friday, 12-1. Cabell Hall. Professor Fitz-Hugh,
Adjunct Professor McLemore.

Latin C2: Latin B1 and B2, or the equivalent of both, prerequisite.

I. In Language: History of the Latin Language (Whitney's Life and
Growth of Language, Grandgent's Vulgar Latin), with oral and written exercises
(Moore, Bennett, Nettleship).

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II. In Literature: Historical and epistolary, Tacitus' Histories and
Pliny's Letters—dramatic and satirical, Plautus' Mostellaria, Terence's
Andria, and Juvenal's Satires, with study of the meters of the drama—philosophic,
Lucretius, De Rerum Natura and Cicero's De Natura Deorum.

III. In Life: The philosophic life of the Romans (Mackail's Latin
Literature, Mayor's History of Ancient Philosophy from Thales to Cicero, and
Pater's Marius the Epicurean).

Tuesday, Thursday, Saturday, 12-1. Cabell Hall. Professor Fitz-Hugh,
Adjunct Professor McLemore.

For Graduates.

Latin D1: Latin C1 or C2, or the equivalent of either, prerequisite.—This
course extends through three years and is intended for those who desire
to specialize for one, two or three years in classical philology. It contemplates
especially the needs of those who choose Latin as their major for
the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. If the candidate's major be Latin, a
respectable familiarity with Greek is required, since the language, literature,
and life of the Romans are saturated with Greek influence. If the candidate's
major be Romanic, the technical Greek requirement is waived as far
as practically possible, and he is guided into the history of the Roman
popular vernacular, the common source of the Romanic tongues, and into
an acquaintance with the authors illustrating the Vulgar Latin in literature.

Plan of Work.—It is the aim of this course to prepare the candidate to
investigate independently the sources of our knowledge of the language,
monuments (literary and objective), and life of the Romans. The following
is, therefore, an outline of the course:

I. In Language: Elements of comparative grammar (Giles, supplemented
by Hirt and Sommer on Sounds and Inflections and by Brugmann
and Schmalz on Syntax)—introduction to Latin historical grammar (Lindsay,
supplemented by Landgraf)—systematic grammar (Kühner) with
stylistic exercises, oral and written, in conjunction with Cicero's De Oratore
—reading of epigraphic and literary monuments illustrating the history of
the Latin Language.

II. In the Literary and Objective Monuments of the Romans: Reading
of authors in groups systematically planned to illustrate the literary
life of the Romans—history and interpretation of texts—elements of
palœography (Johnston, supplemented by Thompson), epigraphy (Lindsay,
supplemented by Egbert and Cagnat), numismatics (Gnecchi, supplemented
by Hill), topography and remains (Platner, Petersen, Huelsen, Mau, Strack,
Furtwængler).

III. In Roman Life: Constructive study of Roman culture-history—
reading of authors illustrating the development of Roman civilization—
study of modern authorities in Roman culture-history (Philippson, Nissen,
Mommsen, Marquardt-Mommsen, Wissowa, Preller-Jordan, Springer-Michaelis
and Winter, Schanz, Windelband, Sandys).

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Friday, Saturday, 12-2. Cabell Hall. Professor Fitz-Hugh, Adjunct
Professor McLemore.

Aids.—For the sake of first-hand access to important modern authorities
in Latin philology, the candidate is required to have a good reading
knowledge of German and French.

For summer-school courses in Latin on which college credit is allowed,
see p. 256.

SCHOOL OF MATHEMATICS.

Professor Echols.

Professor J. M. Page.

Mr. Oglesby.

Mr. Browne.

Mr. Tucker.

Mr. Ridout.

For Undergraduates.

Students entering at the beginning of the second term may begin the
study of Geometry in Mathematics A1, or College Algebra in Mathematics
A2. Students entering for the third term may begin College Algebra in
Mathematics A1, or Elementary Analytical Geometry in Mathematics A2.

Mathematics A1: Mathematics A, B, and C of the entrance requirements,
prerequisite.

First Term: Trigonometry. A complete course in Plane and Spherical
Trigonometry, with constant drill in the solution of problems, and exercises
in the use of logarithms.

Second Term: Geometry. The work begins with the solution of
numerous original exercises in Plane Geometry, and proceeds through Solid
Geometry with constant drill in original exercises.

Third Term: Algebra. The Progressions; the Binomial Formula;
Convergence and Divergence of Series with special study of the Binomial,
Exponential, and Logarithmic Series; Inequalities and Determinants; the
Theory of Equations.

(B.A. or B.S. credit, 3 session-hours.) Section I, Tuesday, Thursday,
Saturday, 9-10. Section II, Tuesday, Thursday, Saturday, 10-11. Section
III, Tuesday, Thursday, Saturday, 11-12. Section IV, Monday, Wednesday,
Friday, 9-10. Cabell Hall. Professor Page.

Mathematics A2: Mathematics A, B, C, and D, of the entrance requirements,
prerequisite.

First Term: Trigonometry, as in Mathematics A1, first term. Textbooks:
Loney, Trigonometry, Part I; Murray, Spherical Trigonometry.

Second Term: Algebra, as in Mathematics A1, third term. Text-book:
Reitz and Crathorne, College Algebra.

Third Term: Elementary Analytical Geometry, beginning with the
Cartesian and polar systems of Coördinates, with numerous exercises in the

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graphical representation of equations. Especial attention is paid to the
straight line and the general equation of the first degree in two variables.
The course is intended to prepare for the study of the Analytical Geometry
of the Conic Section. Text-books: Venable, Legendre's Geometry; Fine
and Thompson, Coördinate Geometry.

(B.A. or B.S. credit, 3 session-hours.) Monday, Wednesday, Friday,
9-10. Cabell Hall. Professor Page.

Mathematics B1: Mathematics A1 prerequisite.—Trigonometry, continued
from the point reached in Mathematics A1; Analytical Geometry of
two dimensions in Cartesian and polar Coördinates, with a special study of
the conic sections and of a number of classical curves. (B.A. or B.S. credit,
3 session-hours.) Monday, Wednesday, Friday, 11-12. Cabell Hall. Professor
Echols.

Mathematics B2: Mathematics B1 prerequisite.—A preliminary study of
the Differential and Integral Calculus, involving the operations of differentiation
and integration of functions, with applications to the expansion of
functions in series, evaluation of illusory forms, maximum and minimum
values, the applications to geometry of curves in the problems of tangency,
contact and curvature, curve tracing, arc length, and areas, the volumes of
revolutes and of special forms of other surfaces, areas of surfaces of revolution,
and finally the solutions of the more important simple problems in
ordinary differential equations. (B.A. or B.S. credit, 3 session-hours.)
Tuesday, Thursday, Saturday, 12-1. Cabell Hall. Professor Echols.

Mathematics B3: Mathematics A2 prerequisite.—For engineering students
only. Analytical Geometry, continued from the point reached in
Mathematics A2; Differential and Integral Calculus. Credit to engineering
students for work done elsewhere covering this course or any portion of it
must be obtained through application to and with the approval of the Engineering
Faculty. For examination dates, see Engineering Schedule, p. 237,
Mathematics 103-4-5. (B.A. or B.S. credit, 3 session-hours.) Monday,
Wednesday, Friday, 12-1. Cabell Hall. Professor Echols.

For Undergraduates and Graduates.

Mathematics C1: Mathematics B1 and B2 prerequisite.—Analytical
Geometry of Three Dimensions; Advanced Differential and Integral Calculus,
continued from the point reached in Mathematics B2; Ordinary
Differential Equations. Parallel reading on the History of Mathematics.
Text-books: Charles Smith, Solid Geometry; Murray, Differential and Integral
Calculus; Williamson, Differential Calculus; Williamson, Integral Calculus;
Murray, Differential Equations; Cajori, History of Mathematics. Tuesday,
Thursday, Saturday, 11-12. Cabell Hall. Professor Echols.

For Graduates.

The work of these courses is carried on by means of lectures, notes, and
the systematic reading of the standard authors in texts and in journals.
Only one of the courses D1 and D2 will be offered in 1916-1917.

155

Mathematics D1: Differential Geometry: Mathematics C1, prerequisite.—
The applications of the Differential and Integral Calculus to Geometry,
with special reference to the theory of the General Space Curve, the Surface,
and the Surface Curve. Hours by appointment. Professor Page.

Mathematics D2: Differential Equations: Mathematics C1, prerequisite.—
Ordinary and Partial Differential Equations. In the discussion of the
Ordinary Differential Equation particular attention is paid to the theory
of integration of such equations as admit of a known Transformation
Group, and the classic methods of integration are compared with those
which flow from the Theory of Continuous Groups. A similar method is
adopted in the study of the Linear Partial Differential Equation of the First
Order. As far as the time admits, the theories of integration of the Complete
System, as well as those of the General Partial Differential Equation
of the First and Second Orders, will be discussed. Hours by appointment.
Professor Page

Mathematics D3: Theory of Functions: Mathematics C1 prerequisite.—
Mathematical Analysis for advanced students. The treatment of the subject
is arranged under three heads, as follows:

(1) The design of the numbers of analysis and the laws of the operations
to which they are subject are studied after the methods of Dedekind
and Tannery, Cantor and Weierstrass, as introductory to the study of functions.

(2) The study of the Theory of Functions of a Real Variable, including
series, products, and continued fractions.

(3) The General Theory of Functions of a Complex Variable is
studied after the methods of Cauchy, Riemann, and Weierstrass.

Monday, Wednesday, Friday, 11-12. Professor Echols.

For summer-school courses in Mathematics, on which college credit
will be allowed, see p. 256.

SCHOOL OF APPLIED MATHEMATICS.

Professor Thornton.

For Undergraduates and Graduates.

Applied Mathematics C1: Theoretical Mechanics: Mathematics B2 or
B3, or the equivalent, prerequisite.

First Term: The fundamental laws of motion, force, and energy, and
their applications to the Statics of material particles and solid bodies.
Elementary dynamics of the particle and the rigid body.

Second Term: The dynamics of the particle.

Third Term: The dynamics of the rigid body; attractions and potential.

Monday, Wednesday, Friday, 10-11. Mechanical Laboratory. Professor
Thornton.

156

For Graduates.

Applied Mathematics D1: Analytical Mechanics:

Lectures are given in alternate sessions on the following topics. Hours
by appointment. Professor Thornton.

A. Theoretical Dynamics; Theory of Attractions (1916-1917).
B. Theory of Elasticity; Hydrodynamics (1915-1916).

CORCORAN SCHOOL OF PHILOSOPHY.

Professor Lefevre.

Adjunct Professor Balz.

Mr. McCue.

Mr. Fitz-Hugh.

Mr. Harper.

Students are advised not to undertake the work of this School before
their second session in the College.

For Undergraduates.

Philosophy B1: Deductive and Inductive Logic: Theory of Knowledge.—During
the first and second terms, the class will be engaged with
a study of the science of logic. The lectures will deal in an introductory
manner with the general character of the thinking process, its laws of
development, and the methods by which thought actually proceeds to solve
the problems presented to it. Special attention will be directed to the
analysis of logical arguments and to the detection of fallacies in reasoning.
The third term will be devoted to a study and critical exposition of different
Theories of Knowledge. Text-book: Creighton's Introductory Logic;
other books to be announced. (B.A. or B.S. credit, 3 session hours.) Two
Sections: I. Monday, Wednesday, Friday, 1-2. II. Tuesday, Thursday,
Saturday, 12-1. Peabody Hall, Room 3. Professor Lefevre, Adjunct Professor
Balz.

Philosophy B2: Ethics.—The aim of this course is (1) to trace in
broad outline the history of actual moral practices and ideals among mankind
in primitive, ancient, and modern times; and (2) to bring out the distinctive
features of moral action and to secure an insight into the leading
principles underlying it. Some of the more important systems of ethics
will be studied for the purpose of gaining an appreciation of the general
development and different types of theories of morality. The entire course
will be directed with a view to aiding the student in reaching a constructive
result. (B.A. or B.S. credit, 3 session-hours.) Monday, Wednesday, Friday,
11-12. Peabody Hall, Room 3. Professor Lefevre.

Philosophy B3: General Psychology.—A general survey of the main
problems, principles and methods of Psychology, either as part of a liberal
education or as preparation for professional study in Education, Medicine,
or Law. Reading of texts, lectures, discussions, and reports. (B.A.
or B.S. credit, 3 session-hours.) Tuesday, Thursday, Saturday, 1-2. Peabody
Hall, Room 3. Adjunct Professor Balz.

157

For Undergraduates and Graduates.

Philosophy C1: The History of Philosophy: Philosophy B1, or B2,
or B3, or the equivalent, prerequisite.—The history of thought and the influence
which philosophical ideas have exerted in the development of civilization.
The lectures will give a general account of philosophical speculation
from its beginnings among the Greeks to the present time. The endeavor
will be made to present the various philosophical systems in their relation
to the science and general civilization of the ages to which they belong,
and to estimate their social and political significance. A large part of the
year will be devoted to the theories and problems of modern times. Reading
of texts and commentaries, lectures, discussions, and essays. Monday,
Wednesday, Friday, 10-11. Peabody Hall, Room 3. Professor Lefevre.

Philosophy C2: Social Psychology: Philosophy B1, or B2, or B3, or the
equivalent, prerequisite.—A consideration of certain major topics of general
psychology, followed by the psychology of group living, with especial reference
to instinct and emotion, the sentiments, the psychology of the
crowd, etc., including a brief survey of the genesis and growth of social
institutions. Reading of texts, lectures, discussions, and reports. Tuesday,
Thursday, Saturday, 9-10. Peabody Hall, Basement Room 1. Adjunct Professor
Balz.

For Graduates.

Only one of the following courses will be given in any one session.

Philosophy D1.—(Open to students who have taken or are taking
Philosophy C1.) Empiricism and Rationalism. The empirical movement
as represented by Locke, Hume, and Mill, and the rationalistic movement as
represented especially by Descartes, Spinoza, and Leibnitz, will be studied
with reference to their distinctive methods. Reading of texts and commentaries,
lectures, discussions, and essays. Professor Lefevre, Adjunct
Professor Balz.

Philosophy D2.—(Open to students who have taken or are taking
Philosophy C1.) The Critical Philosophy of Kant. The greater part of
the year will be devoted to the careful study of the Critique of Pure Reason
and the Critique of Practical Reason. Collateral reading of standard commentaries
and of selected recent literature on the subject will be required.
Special attention will be given to Kant's relation to previous philosophical
systems, to the development of his own philosophy, and to the interrelation
of his three Critiques. Reading of texts, lectures, discussions, and reports.
Professor Lefevre, Adjunct Professor Balz.

Further advanced work in Philosophy, including the critical study of
recent tendencies, will be arranged in accordance with the needs of individual
students.

For summer-school courses in Philosophy, on which college credit will
be allowed, see p. 256.

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SCHOOL OF NATURAL PHILOSOPHY.

Associate Professor Hoxton.

Adjunct Professor Sparrow.

Mr. Macdonald.

Mr. Lamb.

Mr. Lawrence.

A laboratory fee of five dollars is charged for Physics 1, B1, C1, C2.

For Undergraduates.

Physics 1: Preparatory Course for Medicine: Absolves the minimum
requirements in Physics for entrance to the Department of Medicine. (No
B.A. or B.S. credit.) Lectures: Tuesday, Thursday, Saturday, 11-12.
Laboratory: Monday, Wednesday, Friday: Section I, 9-11; Section II,
12-2; Section III, 3-5. Rouss Physical Laboratory. Associate Professor
Hoxton, Adjunct Professor Sparrow, Mr. Macdonald, Mr. Lamb, Mr. Lawrence.

Physics B1: General Physics: A knowledge of solid geometry and of
the trigonometry of the right triangle, prerequisite.—The elements of
Mechanics, Sound, Heat, Electricity and Magnetism, and Light. The classroom
instruction is given by text-books, recitations, problems, and experimental
demonstrations. In the laboratory each student performs experiments
upon which written reports are required. (B.A. or B.S. credit, 6
session-hours.) Lectures: Tuesday, Thursday, Saturday, 11-12. Laboratory:
Monday, Wednesday, Friday: Section I, 9-11; Section II, 12-2;
Section III, 3-5. Rouss Physical Laboratory. Associate Professor Hoxton,
Adjunct Professor Sparrow, Mr. Macdonald, Mr. Lamb, Mr. Lawrence.

For Undergraduates and Graduates.

Physics C1: General Physics, Selected Topics: Physics B1, and Mathematics
A1, or A2, or the equivalent, prerequisite.—The work in the class-room
emphasizes the general principles of dynamics and their application to
physical problems, special attention being given to the properties of matter
and thermodynamics. The laboratory work develops the basic principles of
accurate measurement. Laboratory work six hours per week. Hours by
appointment. Rouss Physical Laboratory. Adjunct Professor Sparrow.

Physics C2: Electricity and Optics: Physics B1, with the addition of
either Physics C1, Mathematics B2, or B3, or the equivalent, prerequisite.—
Electricity is given during the first half-year, Optics during the second.
The elements of the classical mathematical theory and outlines of important
modern conceptions are given in the lectures. In the laboratory,
especial attention is paid to methods of measurement and studies of important
phenomena and principles. Laboratory work, four to six hours
per week. Hours by appointment. Rouss Physical Laboratory. Associate
Professor Hoxton.

159

For Graduates.

The courses of this grade vary from year to year, ranging over the
more important fields of Physics in a cycle of about three years. The list
given below includes courses which have recently been given and those
which are offered for the coming session.

The formal preparation necessary for these courses varies somewhat
with the nature of the subjects treated. What is necessary is a certain
maturity of mind with reference to the subject. The student who has not
had training in Mathematics equivalent to Mathematics C1 will probably
be unable to follow with profit any D course dealing with the mathematical
side of Physics, while the student who has not had the equivalent of the
corresponding C course in Physics will be unable to pursue a D course dealing
with the experimental side.

Physics D1: Electromagnetic Theory: The mathematical theory of
substantially the same content as Maxwell's Treatise. Adjunct Professor
Sparrow. Given in 1914-1915.

Physics D2: Advanced Thermodynamics, Kinetic Theory of Gases:
The mathematical theory and an account of the state of experimental knowledge
of the subject. Associate Professor Hoxton. Offered for 1916-1917.

Physics D3: Dynamics: A general course in Dynamics, including
Hydrodynamics and the Theory of Elasticity. Adjunct Professor Sparrow.
Given in 1913-1914. Offered for 1916-1917.

Physics D4: Conduction of Electricity Through Gases, Radioactivity:
Chiefly the experimental side of the subject. Associate Professor Hoxton,
Adjunct Professor Sparrow. Given in 1914-1915.

Physics D5: Theory of Electrons, Electromagnetic Theory of Light:
The mathematical theory and an account of the state of experimental
knowledge of the subject. Adjunct Professor Sparrow. Given in 1915-1916.

Journal Meeting: The Faculty and advanced students in Physics and
Astronomy meet once a week for the presentation and discussion of current
research. The students, as well as the professors, take an active part in the
presentation of these reports.

The Rouss Physical Laboratory is a commodious building, specially designed
for and devoted to the work in Physics. The building throughout
is characterized by structural stability. The rooms are abundantly lighted,
while some may be darkened at will. There is a general distribution of
water over the building, while all the rooms are supplied with steam heat,
gas and electricity.

The equipment includes an exceptionally rich set of demonstration apparatus,
and a good stock of apparatus for elementary laboratory instruction.
In addition to this there is a special line of electrical and optical instruments,
a 21½-foot concave grating with Rowland mounting, photographic
dark room, liquid air plant and storage battery, and an instrument

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shop for the repair and construction of physical instruments. For advanced
work in some lines the facilities offered are excellent.

For summer-school courses in Physics, on which college credit will be
allowed, see p. 256.

SCHOOL OF PUBLIC SPEAKING.

Adjunct Professor Paul.

For Undergraduates.

Public Speaking B1: English Literature A1 or A2, or the equivalent, prerequisite.—Writing
and delivery of speeches for special occasions; extemporaneous
and impromptu speaking on topics of the day. Membership
is limited to a maximum of 20 and a minimum of 6. (B.A. or B.S. credit, 3
session-hours.) Tuesday, Thursday, Saturday, 9-11. Minor Hall. Adjunct
Professor Paul.

Public Speaking B2: Public Speaking B1, or its equivalent, prerequisite.—
Principles of argumentation and debating. Practical debating by opposing
teams that each week study a public question and prepare briefs upon it.
Membership limited to a maximum of 18 and a minimum of 6. (B.A. or
B.S. credit, 3 session-hours of electives-at-large.) Tuesday, Thursday, Saturday,
1-2. Minor Hall. Adjunct Professor Paul.

SCHOOL OF ROMANIC LANGUAGES.

Professor Wilson.

Adjunct Professor Bardin.

Mr. Neff.

For Undergraduates.

French 1: For beginners: Pronunciation, forms, translation, composition.
(No credit for any degree. Admits to French B1 only.) Section I,
Monday, Wednesday, Friday, 9-10; Section II, Monday, Wednesday, Friday,
10-11; Section III, Tuesday, Thursday, Saturday, 10-11. Rotunda, S. E.
Mr. Neff.

Spanish 1: For beginners: Pronunciation, forms, translation, composition.
(No credit for any degree. Admits to Spanish B1 only.) Monday,
Wednesday, Friday, 11-12. Rotunda, S. E. Adjunct Professor Bardin.

French B1: French 1, or French A and B of the entrance requirements,
prerequisite.—Dictation, composition, general syntax, translation. (B.A. or
B.S. credit, 3 session-hours.) Tuesday, Thursday, Saturday, 9-10. Rotunda,
S. E. Professor Wilson.

Spanish B1: Spanish 1, or Spanish A and B of the entrance requirements,
prerequisite.—Dictation, composition, general syntax, translation. (B.A. or
B.S. credit, 3 session-hours.) Monday, Wednesday, Friday, 12-1. Rotunda,
S. E. Adjunct Professor Bardin.

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Italian B1: French B1 or Spanish B1, or the equivalent of either, prerequisite.—Modern
Italian prose; Italian literature. (B.A. or B.S. credit, 3
session-hours.) Tuesday, Thursday, Saturday, 12-1. Rotunda, S. E. Professor
Wilson.

Portuguese B1: French B1 or Spanish B1, or the equivalent of either,
prerequisite.—A general survey of the Portuguese language, with a detailed
study of some of the more important landmarks of Portuguese literature.
(B.A. or B.S. credit, 3 session-hours.) Monday, Wednesday, Friday, 1-2.
Rotunda, S. E. Adjunct Professor Bardin.

For Undergraduates and Graduates.

Undergraduates of exceptional ability, who desire to continue their
studies in the Romanic languages, will be allowed to follow these courses
after having completed the collegiate courses described above.

French C1: French B1, and one other B course in the School of Romanic
Languages, prerequisite.—The course is conducted in French. The tendencies
of modern French fiction are studied. French life is analyzed, and a
general survey is made of the nineteenth century. Tuesday, Thursday, Saturday,
11-12. Rotunda, S. E. Professor Wilson.

Spanish C1: Spanish B1, and one other B course in the School of Romanic
Languages, prerequisite.—The literature of one or more of the Latin-American
republics will be studied. A general survey will be made of Spanish-American
life and literature. Hours by appointment. Adjunct Professor
Bardin.

For summer-school courses in French, in which college credit will be
allowed, see p. 256.

162

THE COLLEGE.

EDWIN ANDERSON ALDERMAN, Ph.B., D.C.L., LL.D.	President
JAMES MORRIS PAGE, M.A., Ph.D., LL.D.	Dean

ENTRANCE REQUIREMENTS.

The general requirements for admission to the University may be found
on page 81. For admission to the College, the candidate should possess an
amount of preparation which is at least the equivalent of that represented
by four years of successful work in an accredited school. He must offer,
either by certificate or by examination (see page 81), fourteen units, of
which three must be in English, two and one-half in Mathematics, and one
in History. The remaining seven and one-half units may be selected at will
from the list on page 80, unless the candidate expects to apply for a baccalaureate
degree. In that case he should offer, if he is an applicant for the
degree of Bachelor of Arts, four units in Latin or two units in Greek; if he
is an applicant for the degree of Bachelor of Science, four units in two modern
languages (French, German, Spanish). For definitions of the entrance
units, see pages 83-92.

Advanced Standing is given to any candidate who, in addition to meeting
the minimum requirements for entrance above stated, can show by passing
an examination that he has done work equivalent to that covered by
any of the following courses offered in the College: Latin A1, Greek A1,
English Literature A1, English Literature A2, Mathematics A1, Mathematics
A2. Such a candidate will be admitted to the corresponding B
course, and upon his successful completion of the same will be entitled to
count toward a baccalaureate degree the credit value of both the A and the
B courses in question. The examinations for advanced standing are set at
some time during the first month of the session.

College Credit.—Candidates who desire credit for work done at other
colleges must satisfy the entrance requirements for regular students, and
must, in addition, file with the Dean of the College a certificate covering the
courses for which college credit is desired. This certificate must be acceptable
both to the Dean and to the professors in charge of the courses accredited.
The certificate must bear the official signature of the head of the
candidate's college, must specify the character and content of the courses
passed by the candidate, and must give his grades, which should in no case
fall below the standard of seventy-five per cent. The final validation of such
certificates is effected by the successful completion of the courses taken in
this university. In no case will credit be given on more than forty-five session-hours
of work done elsewhere, and any candidate who receives this

163

maximum amount of credit can count among the remaining fifteen session-hours
required for his degree only the credit value of the courses he has
passed as a resident student in the College, exclusive of any credit for work
done in the Summer School or in any of the professional departments. In
every case the candidate must spend at least one regular session exclusively
in college work in this university. For the conditions upon which college
credit is granted for work done in the Summer School, see p. 257.

Conditioned Students.—A candidate for entrance who cannot offer fourteen
units may be admitted with conditions on any two units except English
A and B. All conditions must be absolved before the beginning of the
session following initial registration. This may be done by private study or
by taking courses in the University or in the Summer School. But no
course taken to remove a condition may be counted as part of the work
credited toward a degree. No conditioned student may be later registered
as a special student.

Special Students.—A candidate may be admitted as a special student
without fulfilling the entrance requirements above specified, provided he is
more than twenty years old on the day of registration and gives adequate
evidence of serious purpose and of the training needed to pursue with profit
the courses for which he is registered. No special student may be a candidate
for a degree; but such students are permitted and encouraged to make
up their deficiencies by private study or by taking courses in the University
or in the Summer School. They will then be admitted as regular students,
and may be accepted as applicants for degrees provided all entrance requirements
are met at least one academic year before the date of graduation.

REGULATIONS.

The Session-Hour.—All courses are measured in terms of the session-hour
as a unit. A session-hour is one hour a week throughout the session
of lecture or recitation, or two hours a week throughout the session of
laboratory work.

Maximum and Minimum of Session-Hours in One Session.—Each student
is required to undertake each session courses aggregating fifteen session-hours,
except by special permission of the Academic Faculty. This
number may be increased in the following cases:

(1) First-year students may take eighteen session-hours, provided (a)
three of these be in Greek 1, Greek 2, German 1, French 1, or Spanish 1; or
(b) the student in question has been credited with six hours of advanced
standing.

(2) Other than first-year students may take eighteen session-hours,
provided (a) the student has passed in the preceding session courses aggregating
fifteen session hours, or (b) the student is in his graduating year and
needs eighteen session-hours for his degree. In the latter case the special
permission of the Academic Faculty must be obtained.

(3) Other than first-year students may take twenty-one session-hours,
provided they have passed in the preceding session courses aggregating fifteen

164

session-hours, with a grade of at least ninety per cent on each course.
Under no circumstances shall a student take more than twenty-one session-hours.

Change of Schools can be made only with the consent of the Dean and
of the professors concerned.

Grade.—The grade of a student in any course, either for a term or for
the session, is determined by his class standing and his examination grade,
combined in such proportion as the professor in charge of the course in
question may decide. Class standing in any course is determined by the
regularity of the student's attendance upon the lectures (and laboratory or
other similar exercises) of the course, and by the quality of his work, as indicated
by his recitation grades, written tests, laboratory work, etc.

Grade Required for Passing.—For passing in any course a grade of
seventy-five per cent is required.

Grade Required for Reöxamination.—A student whose session grade in
any course falls below seventy-five per cent, but not below sixty-five per
cent, may, upon the written recommendation of the professor in charge, be
admitted to reöxamination upon that course, or upon such portion of it as
the professor shall determine, during the registration week of the following
September. The fee for each reöxamination is five dollars, and must be paid
to the Bursar on or before July fifteenth.

An applicant for a degree who fails on a single term of not more than
of his courses during the last year of his candidacy is entitled to a special
examination before Final Day on the work of that term, and will receive
credit for the course, provided the result of this special examination entitles
him to a grade of seventy-five per cent for the term in question, considered
independently and without reference to his grade for the other two terms.
In such cases no reöxamination fee is charged.

Minimum Grade Required.—Any student whose average grade in all
his courses for any term is less than fifty per cent, will be dropped from
the rolls.

Any first-year student whose average grade for any term is fifty per
cent or more, but who attains in no one of his courses a grade of sixty-five
per cent, will be put on probation for the term next ensuing, and if he again
fails to attain for the current term a grade of sixty-five per cent in at least
one of his courses, he will be dropped from the rolls.

Any student other than a first-year student whose average grade for
any term is fifty per cent or more, but who attains in no one of his courses
a grade of seventy-five per cent, will be put on probation for the term next
ensuing, and if he again fails to attain for the current term a grade of
seventy-five per cent in at least one of his courses, or sixty-five per cent in
at least two of his courses, he will be dropped from the rolls.

A student who through neglect of his work is evidently making no real
progress in a course, may at any time, after due admonition, be required to
drop the course in question; and if, for the current term or for any succeeding
term of the current session, his grade in any one of his remaining
courses falls below forty per cent, he will be put on probation.

165

Absence from Lectures may be excused by the professors, but only for
sickness or like providential cause. Any explanation of an absence which
a student has to offer, must be made on the day of the first lecture after the
absence. Unexcused absences from lectures render the student liable to be
disciplined by the Faculty. No student, who has, for any reason, been absent
from more than fifty per cent of the lectures of any one term, can receive
a grade on the work of that term.

Absence from Examinations will not be excused except for sickness on
the day of the examination, attested by a physician's certificate, or for
other cause which the Faculty by special order may approve. An unexcused
absence is counted as a total failure.

Special Examinations.—A student whose absence from an examination
is excused, is entitled to a special examination on a date to be arranged between
himself and the professor in charge.

Reports.—Reports are sent at the end of each term to the parent or
guardian of each student. These reports indicate the number of times the
student has been absent from lectures, and give his term grade in each
course. The Dean will be glad at any time to furnish to the proper person
a special report on any student's standing.

REQUIREMENTS FOR DEGREES.

Full opportunity is given to any student to carry out any definite plan
of work which he may have in view on coming to the University, or which
may have been prescribed for him by those under whose direction he is
completing his education. But when no well-considered plan has been outlined
in advance, and the end in view is that for which the great majority
of students enter college, namely, the attainment of a liberal education, the
student will be expected to enter upon the regular work of the College leading
to a baccalaureate degree.

Four degrees are offered candidates for graduation in the College. Two
of these, the Bachelor of Arts and the Bachelor of Science, are cultural;
the Bachelor of Science in a Special Subject, the name of which is inscribed
on the diploma, is a vocational degree, designed for those who wish to fit
themselves especially in some branch of the mathematical or natural
sciences as a profession; the Bachelor of Science in Medicine is a vocational
degree designed for those who wish special preparation for medical work.

No course offered by a successful candidate for one of the cultural baccalaureate
degrees can be offered by the same candidate as part of the work
credited toward the other cultural baccalaureate degrees, nor can any work
done to remove an entrance condition be counted for any degree.

For a student who enters without advanced standing the normal time
required for obtaining a baccalaureate degree is four years, assuming that
he completes each year courses which aggregate the regular minimum of
fifteen session-hours. A student receiving advanced standing in not less
than two subjects may obtain a degree in three years, provided he is able to

166

complete each year eighteen session-hours. A student may materially
shorten the time required for obtaining a degree by taking courses in the
Summer School on which college credit is given (see page 256). For credit
for work done at other colleges, see page 162.

The requirements for a baccalaureate degree are such as to allow a
large measure of freedom of election on the part of the individual student,
such restriction only being placed upon this liberty as is necessary to insure
at the same time the thoroughness and the breadth of culture for which
these degrees stand. In order to secure to the recipient of a degree a due
measure of acquaintance with the methods of thought characteristic of each
of the leading departments of knowledge, as well as with their subject matter,
his courses must be chosen, subject to the specific requirements detailed
below, from the following groups, among which are distributed all the
undergraduate courses having credit value toward a baccalaureate degree.
The courses in parentheses may be counted only as "electives-at-large."

Group I: Languages.

Each course in this group has a credit value of 3 session-hours.

Latin A1.
Latin B1.
Latin B2.
Greek A1.
Greek B1.
Greek B2.
French B1.
Spanish B1.
Italian B1.
Portuguese B1.
German B1.
German B2.

Group II: Mathematical Sciences.

Each course in this group has a credit value of 3 session-hours.

Mathematics A1 or A2.
Mathematics B1.
Mathematics B2.
Mathematics B3.
Astronomy B1.
Astronomy B2.

167

Group III: Natural Sciences.

Each course in this group has a credit value of 6 session-hours.

Chemistry B1.
Chemistry B2.
(Analytical Chemistry B1.)
Physics B1.
Biology B1.
Botany B1.
Zoölogy B1.
Geology B1.
Geology B2.
Geology B3.

Group IV: Social Sciences.

Each course in this group has a credit value of 3 session-hours.

History B1.
History B2.
Economics B1.
Government B1.
(Journalism B1.)
Journalism B2.
(Commerial Geography B1.)
(Commercial Geography B2.)
(Commercial Law B1.)

Group V: English.

Each course in this group has a credit value of 3 session-hours.

English Literature A1 or A2.
English Literature B1.
English Literature B2.
English B1.
English B2.
Biblical History B1.
Biblical Literature B2.
Public Speaking B1.
(Public Speaking B2.)

Group VI: Philosophical Sciences.

Each course in this group has a credit value of 3 session-hours.

Philosophy B1.
Philosophy B2.
Philosophy B3.
Education B1.
Education B2.
(Education B3.)
Education B4.
Education B5.
(Education B6.)

168

Bachelor of Arts.

Candidates for the degree of Bachelor of Arts must complete 60 session-hours,
divided between Group Electives and Electives-at-Large.

A. Group Electives: 48 session-hours, distributed among the several
groups as follows:

Group I: 9 session-hours, of which 6 must be in either Latin or Greek.

Group II: 6 session-hours, of which 3 must be in Mathematics A1
or A2.

Group III: 12 session-hours in two subjects.

Group IV: 6 session-hours.

Group V: 9 session-hours, of which 3 must be in English Literature
A1 or A2.

Group VI: 6 session hours.

B. Electives-at-Large: 12 session-hours, not less than 9 of which must
be in some one group, to be known as the candidate's Major Group.

English B1, if offered as an elective-at-large, may be counted as belonging
either in Group I or in Group V.

One C course may be offered as an elective-at-large in the candidate's
Major Group, with a credit value of six session-hours.

For the twelve session-hours of electives-at-large there may be substituted
the first-year course in the Department of Law or in the Department
of Medicine, or twelve session-hours of technical courses in the Department
of Engineering.

Bachelor of Science.

Candidates for the cultural degree of Bachelor of Science must complete
60 session-hours, divided between Group Electives and Electives-at-Large.

A. Group Electives: 48 session-hours, distributed among the several
groups as follows:

Group I: 9 session-hours.

Group II: 6 session-hours, of which 3 must be in Mathematics A1
or A2.

Group III: 12 session-hours in two subjects.

Group IV: 6 session-hours.

Group V: 9 session-hours, of which 3 must be in English Literature
A1 or A2.

Group VI: 6 session-hours.

B. Electives-at-Large: 12 session-hours, not less than 9 of which
must be in some one group, to be known as the candidate's Major Group.

English B1, if offered as an elective-at-large, may be counted as belonging
either in Group I or in Group V.

169

One C course may be offered as an elective-at-large in the candidate's
Major Group, with a credit value of six session-hours.

Bachelor of Science in a Special Subject.

Candidates for the vocational degree of Bachelor of Science in a Special
Subject must complete 60 session-hours, divided between Group Electives
and Electives-at-Large.

A. Group Electives: 30 session-hours, distributed among various
groups as follows:

Group I: 6 session-hours, which must be chosen from two of the following
subjects: French, German, Spanish.

Group II: 6 session-hours, of which 3 must be in Mathematics A1
or A2.

Group III: 12 session-hours in two subjects.

Group V: 6 session-hours, of which 3 must be in English Literature
A1 or A2.

B. Electives-at-Large: 30 session-hours, chosen in conformity with
the following regulation. At least two years before the date of graduation,
the candidate must select one of the Schools of Natural or Mathematical
Science as his Major School, and during the remainder of his candidacy
must pursue work in that School and such other courses as shall be prescribed
by the professor or professors in charge of his Major School and
approved by the Academic Faculty.

Bachelor of Science in Medicine.

Candidates for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Medicine must offer
60 session-hours, divided between Group Electives and the Department of
Medicine.

A. Group Electives: 30 session-hours, distributed among various
groups as follows:

Group I: 6 session-hours, of which 3 must be in French and 3 in
German.

Group II: 3 session-hours in Mathematics A1 or A2.

Group III: 18 session-hours in Physics B1, Chemistry B1 or B2, and
Biology B1.

Group V: 3 session-hours in English Literature A1 or A2.

B. Department of Medicine: the first two years of the regular course.

170

SCHEDULE OF LECTURES AND EXAMINATIONS IN THE
COLLEGE.

1916-1917.

Any change in the lecture-hours of a course involves a corresponding
change in the examination dates.

Hours	Monday, Wednesday, Friday	Tuesday, Thursday, Saturday	Hours
9 to 10	Chemistry B2;	Biblical Literature B2;	9 to 10
	Education B2 (Mon., Wed.);	Education B2 (Tues.);
	French 1 (Sect. I);	English Literature B2;
	Geology B1;	French B1;
	Greek 1;	Greek 2;
	Journalism B2;	Mathematics A1 (Sect. I);
	Mathematics A1 (Sect. IV);	Physics B2;
	Mathematics A2;	Public Speaking B1;
	Wednesday, Dec. 18.	Wednesday, Dec. 20.
	Thursday, Mar. 15.	Thursday, Mar. 22.
	Tuesday, May 29.	Tuesday, June 5.
10 to 11	Economics B1;	Analytical Chemistry B1;	10 to 11
	English B1;	Biblical History B1;
	English Literature A1 (Sect. I);	Chemistry B1 (Sec. II);
	French 1 (Sect. II);	Education B5;
	German B1 (Sect. I);	English B2;
	Greek B2;	French 1 (Sect. III);
	Tuesday, Dec. 12.	Greek A1;
	Wednesday, Mar. 14.	History B1;
	Thursday, June 7.	Mathematics A1 (Sect. II);
		Public Speaking B1;
		Saturday, Dec. 16.
		Monday, Mar. 19.
		Friday, June 1.
11 to 12	Chemistry B1 (Sect. I);	Botany B1;	11 to 12
	English Literature A2;	Education B6;
	Greek B1;	English Literature A1 (Sect. III);
	History B2;	English Literature B1;
	Latin B1;	Latin B2;
	Mathematics B1;	Mathematics A1 (Sect. III);
	Philosophy B2;	Physics 1
	Spanish 1;	Physics B1;
	Zoölogy B1;	Monday, Dec. 18.
	Friday, Dec. 22.	Tuesday, Mar. 20.
	Saturday, Mar. 24.	Saturday, June 2.
	Monday, May 28.
12 to 1		Biology B1;	12 to 1
		Education B3 (Tue.);
	Astronomy B1;	Education B4;
	Education B3 (Mon., Wed.);	English Literature A1 (Sect. V);
	English Literature A1 (Sections II and IV);	Geology B2 (Tue.);
	English Literature A1 (Sections II and IV);	German 1 (Sect. I);
	Geology B2 (Mon., Wed.);	Italian B1;
	German B2;	Mathematics B2;
	Spanish B1;	Philosophy B1 (Sect. II);
	Tuesday, Dec. 19.	Public Speaking B2;
	Wednesday, Mar. 21.	Thursday, Dec. 21.
	Monday, June 4.	Friday, Mar. 23.
		Wednesday, June 6.
1 to 2	Commercial Law B1;	German 1 (Sect. II);	1 to 2
	German B1 (Sect. II);	Latin A1 (Sect. II);
	Latin A1 (Sect. I);	Philosophy B3.
	Philosophy B1 (Sect. I);	Government B1;
	Portuguese B1;	Public Speaking B2;
	Thursday, Dec. 14.	Friday, Dec. 15.
	Friday, Mar. 16.	Saturday, Mar. 17.
	Wednesday, May 30.	Thursday, May 31.

171

DEPARTMENT OF GRADUATE STUDIES.

EDWIN ANDERSON ALDERMAN, Ph.B., D.C.L., LL.D.	President
RICHARD HEATH DABNEY, M.A., Ph.D.	Dean

ENTRANCE REQUIREMENTS.

Required for Admission to the Department.—A candidate for admission
to the Department of Graduate Studies must have a baccalaureate degree
from a recognized institution of collegiate rank; or, in case the institution
he attended does not confer such a degree, he must present a certificate of
graduation in a course of study accepted by the Academic Faculty as fully
equivalent to that ordinarily required for the degree in question.

Required for Admission as Applicant for a Degree.—In order to be
recognized as an applicant for a Master's or Doctor's degree, any candidate
who has not received a baccalaureate degree from this university must secure
from the Registrar of the University a blank form, which, when properly
filled out, he must file with the Dean of this department, together with
a catalogue of the institution from which he graduated. If that institution
has (1) a faculty of at least six professors giving their full time to college
or university work; (2) entrance requirements equal to those of this university,
and (3) a course of four full years in the liberal arts and sciences,
the candidate will not be required to take any undergraduate courses except
such as the Committee on Rules and Courses or the professors in charge of
the graduate courses he elects may consider necessary for the successful
prosecution of those courses. If, however, the institution in question does
not meet the three conditions mentioned above, the candidate's preparation
will be carefully considered by the Committee on Rules and Courses, which
will prescribe such undergraduate courses as are deemed necessary to supply
his deficiencies.

REGULATIONS.

Grade Required for Passing.—For passing in any course a grade of
seventy-five per cent is required.

Absence from Examinations will not be excused except for sickness on
the day of examination, attested by a physician's certificate, or for other
cause which the Faculty by special order may approve. An unexcused absence
is counted as a total failure.

172

Special Examinations.—A student whose absence from an examination
is excused, is entitled to a special examination on a date to be arranged between
himself and the professor in charge.

Change of Schools can be made only with the consent of the Dean and
of the professors concerned.

REQUIREMENTS FOR DEGREES

Graduate in a School.

Any student who successfully completes all the courses offered in any
academic School is entitled to a diploma of graduation in that School.

The Master's Degrees.

A candidate who has received a baccalaureate degree from this university,
or who has fulfilled the conditions above specified under Entrance
Requirements, is entitled to a Master's degree upon his successful completion
of four graduate courses, chosen in accordance with the restrictions
detailed below:

No C course may be counted for a Master's degree unless preceded by
a B course or courses in the same subject aggregating at least six session-hours;
or, in case only one three-session-hour course is offered in that subject,
by one B course in that subject and a second B course in the same
Group (see pp. 166-167), chosen with the approval of the professor in charge
of the C course in question.

No C course which a candidate has offered as part of the work credited
for a baccalaureate degree (pp. 168f) may be counted for a Master's degree.

A candidate must take at least two graduate courses during the last
year of his work for a Master's degree, and no candidate may receive this
degree until at least one year after he has received his baccalaureate degree,
except by special consent of the Academic Faculty.

The degree of Master of Arts is conferred upon a Bachelor of Arts who
has successfully completed four graduate courses, chosen with the approval
of the Academic Faculty. These four courses must be in at least three
distinct subjects, and in three different academic Schools, except by special
order of the Academic Faculty. Three of the subjects must be cognate,
which means that they must be selected from kindred groups of subjects,
such as, for example, languages and literature, or mathematics and natural
science, or history, economics, and philosophy, or philosophy, education,
and biology.

The degree of Master of Science is conferred upon a holder of the cultural
degree of Bachelor of Science (p. 168), who has successfully completed
four graduate courses chosen in accordance with the regulations prescribed
for the Master of Arts above.

173

The degree of Master of Science in a Special Subject, the name of which
is inscribed on the diploma, is conferred upon a holder of the vocational
degree of Bachelor of Science in a Special Subject (p. 169), who has successfully
completed four graduate courses selected from among those offered
in his special subject, or from among other courses which meet with
the approval of the professor or professors in charge of his special subject.

Doctor of Philosophy.

A candidate for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy must hold the degree
of Bachelor of Arts or the cultural degree of Bachelor of Science of
this university, or, if he be a graduate of some other institution, he must
have fulfilled the conditions above specified under Entrance Requirements.
The requirements for the degree are as follows:

(1) A reading knowledge of French and German, attested by the successful
completion of the B courses in these languages, or else by examinations
held at the beginning of the first year of the candidate's work for the
doctorate, by committees consisting of the professor in charge of the candidate's
major subject and the professors of French and German, respectively.
If the candidate fails on one or both of these examinations, he will be required
to enter the appropriate course in one or both of these languages.
No student will be regarded as a regular candidate for the doctorate until
he has fulfilled this requirement.

(2) The successful completion of at least three years of graduate
work in three subjects, to be known, respectively, as the candidate's major,
primary minor and secondary minor. These subjects must be cognate
(see p. 172), and must be chosen, with the approval of the Committee on
Rules and Courses, from at least three academic Schools. The major must
be pursued for at least three years, the primary minor for at least two years,
and the secondary minor for at least one year.

No C course may be counted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy
unless preceded by a B course or courses in the same subject aggregating
at least six session-hours; or, in case only one three-session-hour course is
offered in that subject, by one B course in that subject and a second B
course in the same Group (see pp. 166-167), chosen with the approval of the
professor in charge of the C course in question.

Any student taking a D course in any subject may be required by the
professor, with the approval of the Academic Faculty, to attend such lectures
or courses in any of the academic Schools as the professor may deem
necessary.

Graduate work done in other universities may be accepted in lieu of
resident work, provided sufficient evidence is furnished by examination,
written or oral, or both, that such work has been of a grade similar to that
required here, and has been satisfactorily performed, and provided also that
the candidate takes in this university at least one graduate course in his
primary minor, and does at least one year's resident work in his major
subject.

174

A candidate who is a professor in a chartered college or university, of
the subject selected by him as major, may be allowed by the Academic
Faculty to spend only two years in resident work. In all cases the work of
the last year of candidacy shall be done in residence, unless the Academic
Faculty shall for special reasons direct otherwise.

(3) A dissertation exhibiting independent research in some branch of
the candidate's major subject. The dissertation must be submitted to the
Academic Faculty not later than April fifteenth of the year in which the
candidate applies for the degree. Moreover, the copy presented for the
Faculty's approval shall be written (typewritten, if feasible) on paper of
prescribed quality and size, shall be bound, and shall have certain prescribed
phrases on the cover and title page. If the dissertation is accepted by the Faculty
as satisfactory, the copy submitted shall immediately become the property
of the University. Before the degree is conferred the dissertation must be
printed at the candidate's expense, and one hundred copies deposited in the
library of the University; or, if this be impracticable on account of lack of
time, the candidate must deposit with the Bursar a sum of money sufficient
to have a hundred copies of the dissertation printed.

EXPENSES.

The necessary expenses of a Virginia student in the Department of
Graduate Studies may be estimated at from $220 a year upward, according
to the mode of living; for students from other States this minimum should
be increased by a sum ranging from $90 to $130 for tuition fees. A fuller
statement of expenses, including the conditions under which Virginians and
other students are entitled to free tuition, will be found on pp. 102-109.

Applicants for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy who are granted the
privilege of non-residence during a period of their candidacy, under the
conditions above stated, are required to register each year during such
period of non-residence, and to pay the annual university fee ($10 for Virginians,
$40 for students from other States).

175

SCHEDULE OF LECTURES AND EXAMINATIONS IN THE DEPARTMENT
OF GRADUATE STUDIES.[1]

1916-1917.

Any change in the lecture-hours of a course involves a corresponding
change in the examination dates.

Hours	Monday, Wednesday, Friday	Tuesday, Thursday, Saturday	Hours
9 to 10	English C1;	Philosophy C2;	9 to 10
	Wednesday, Dec. 13.	Wednesday, Dec. 20.
	Thursday, Mar. 15.	Thursday, Mar. 22.
	Tuesday, May 29.	Tuesday, June 5.
10 to 11	Analytical Chemistry C1;	German C1;	10 to 11
	Applied Mathematics C1;	Saturday, Dec. 16.
	Philosophy C1;	Monday, Mar. 19.
	Tuesday, Dec. 12.	Friday, June 1.
	Wednesday, Mar. 14.
	Thursday, June 7.
11 to 12	Economics C2;	Mathematics C1;	11 to 12
	Mathematics D3;	French C1;
	Friday, Dec. 22.	Monday, Dec. 18.
	Saturday, Mar. 24.	Tuesday, Mar. 20.
	Monday, May 28.	Saturday, June 2.
12 to 1	Biblical Literature C1;		12 to 1
	Government C1;	Latin C2;
	History C1;	Latin D1 (Sat.);
	Latin C1;	Industrial Chem. C1 (Tues.);
	Latin D1 (Fri.);	Thursday, Dec. 21.
	Tuesday, Dec. 19.	Friday, Mar. 23.
	Wednesday, Mar. 21.	Wednesday, June 6.
	Monday, June 4.
1 to 2	Government C2;	English Literature C1;	1 to 2
	Government C3;	Latin D1 (Sat.);
	Latin D1 (Fri.);	Friday, Dec. 15.
	Political Science C1;	Saturday, Mar. 17.
	Thursday, Dec. 14.	Thursday, May 31.
	Friday, Mar. 16.
	Wednesday, May 30.
3 to 4:30	Industrial Chemistry C1;	Thursday, Dec. 21.	3 to 4:30
	Tuesday, Dec. 19.	Friday, Mar. 23.
	Wednesday, Mar. 21.	Wednesday, June 6.
	Monday, June 4.

[1]

Many C courses and most D courses have hours set by appointment at the beginning
of the session. The examination date of any course corresponds to the hour set, as shown
in the above schedule.

176

DEPARTMENT OF LAW.

Edwin Anderson Alderman, D.C.L., LL.D.
President

William Minor Lile, LL.D.
Dean

William Minor Lile, LL.D.	East Lawn
James Madison, Professor of Law.
Charles Alfred Graves, M.A., LL.D.	East Lawn
Professor of Law.
Raleigh Colston Minor, M.A.	West Lawn
James Monroe, Professor of Law.
Armistead Mason Dobie, M.A.	Monroe Hill
Professor of Law.
George Boardman Eager, Jr., B.A.	Minor's Cottage
Associate Professor of Law.
Charles Wakefield Paul	University Heights
Adjunct Professor of Public Speaking.
Forrest Jesse Hyde, Jr., LL.B.	Delta Chi House
Assistant in Law.
Elmore Lynwood Andrews	East Range
Student Assistant in Law.
George Ralls Calvert	Park Avenue
Student Assistant in Law.
Frank Murray Dixon	West Range
Student Assistant in Law.
William Perkins Hazlegrove, B.A., B.S.	Chancellor Street
Student Assistant in Law.
Roger Stanley, B.A.	Theta Delta Chi House
Student Assistant in Law.
Catherine Rebecca Lipop	Second Street
Law Librarian.
Walter Wyatt, Jr.,	University Heights
Assistant Law Librarian.

Inquiries with reference to Entrance Requirements should be addressed
to the Dean of the University.

For information as to lodgings, board, expenses, etc., and for catalogues
and other printed matter, address the Registrar.

For other information address the Dean of the Law School.

177

Historical.—Among the original Schools contemplated in Mr. Jefferson's
plan for the organization of the University of Virginia was "Law: Municipal
and Foreign; Embracing the General Principles, Theory and Practice of Jurisprudence,
together with the Theory and Principles of Constitutional Government."
Accordingly the School of Law was established in 1826, and has been
in continuous operation since.

From the establishment of the Law School until 1894, the course comprised
the work of a single year. With the session of 1894-95, a two years'
course was inaugurated, which continued up to the session of 1909-10, when
the course was extended to three years.

The aim of the Department of Law has always been to maintain a high
standard as a requirement for graduation—the degree being conferred only
upon such students as are thorough masters of the prescribed course of
study. This policy has been rigorously enforced, and its wisdom has been
vindicated by the high position which the graduates of the Law School are
accustomed to attain at the bar or in public life. The course of instruction
has been extended from time to time to conform to changing conditions and
to meet the increasing needs of the profession.

Minor Hall.—By action of the Visitors, the new home of the Law
School has been named Minor Hall, in honor of the late John B. Minor,
whose distinguished service of fifty years as a professor of the Law School,
the University thus commemorates. The building is located between Dawson's
Row and the southern end of West Range. The architecture is on
classic lines, in keeping with the general design of the other university buildings.
It contains on the first floor four large lecture halls, with convenient
offices, lavatories, etc., and on the second floor a stack room, with ample
space for books, two commodious reading rooms, and a number of offices
for the use of the librarian and the teaching staff. Liberal provision has
been made for heat, light, and ventilation. Special care has been taken to
provide comfortable sets and desks in the lecture halls.

Law Library.—The Library contains about fourteen thousand volumes.
Its financial resources, from appropriations by the Visitors, and from an
endowment of ten thousand dollars by Mr. W. W. Fuller ('78) of New
York City, make possible the addition of several hundred volumes annually.
The Library contains the English Reports, from and including the Year
Books to date; the United States Supreme Court Reports; reports of all
the American States; the National Reporter System, complete; modern
selected and annotated reports, such as the American Decisions, Reports
and State Reports, Lawyers' Reports Annotated, American and English
Annotated Cases, English Ruling Cases, etc., together with modern search-books
in the form of general Digests (including the Century and Decennial
editions), and the leading Encyclopedias, besides a large collection of textbooks,
bound volumes of law magazines, etc. Law students have all the

178

privileges of the general University Library, containing more than sixty
thousand volumes, without extra charge.

Suggestions as to Preliminary Education.—Students, and their parents
or guardians, are warned that the law is peculiarly an intellectual profession,
and demands for its successful prosecution, whether in a law school
or in the broader fields of professional life, a well-trained mind. If it be
true that untrained recruits, in rare instances, under diligent and persistent
effort, develop into successful practitioners after entrance upon the practice,
such exceptional cases but serve to illustrate the rule that out of a given
number of young men entering upon the study of law, those with sound
preliminary training will have incomparable advantages, while those without
it are likely never to rise above mediocrity in their profession.

The experience of the Law Faculty—indeed, of all law teachers—is, that
the standing and progress of law students may, in general, be measured by
their academic preparation. Young gentlemen are therefore advised not to
begin their legal studies until they have completed an academic course approximating
that required for the degree of Bachelor of Arts. So high a
standard, however, is not exacted as a condition of entrance into the Law
School. These conditions are shown in the following sections.

ENTRANCE REQUIREMENTS.

Regular Students.—Candidates for the degree of Bachelor of Laws must
have attained the age of eighteen years before entering the department, must
produce a certificate of good character from the school last attended or from
other satisfactory source, and must conform to the general requirements
following:

For Admission to the Department of Law the candidate must offer
fourteen units.

The Subjects accepted for Admission and their values in units are given
in tabulated form on page 180. The applicant for admission may enter (1)
by certificate or (2) by examination.

(1) For Admission by Certificate the candidate must file with the dean
of the University not later than September first a Certificate of Preparation,
made out on the blank form furnished by the University. This certificate
must come from some recognized institution of collegiate rank or from an
accredited high school; but admission by certificate from accredited public
high schools in Virginia is extended only to graduates from four-year high
schools. The certificate must bear in all cases the signature of the head of
the school; must specify the character and content of each course offered
for entrance credit; must give the length of time devoted to the course, and

179

the dates of the examinations; and must give the candidate's grades in percentages.
Each unit in the entrance requirements is the equivalent of one
full year of high-school work, including five periods a week of at least forty
minutes each during not less than thirty-six weeks. For schools in which
the number of periods given to any study, or the length of the period, is
below the standard here specified, the credit for such study will be reduced
pro rata. In the scientific subjects two hours of laboratory instruction will
be counted as the equivalent of one hour of recitation. High-school courses
in Physics and Chemistry, otherwise adequate, will be allowed half credit,
when individual laboratory work is not done by the student or is not attested
by proper note-books filed with the certificate. Certificates of preparation
from private tutors will in no case be accepted; students thus prepared
must, in all cases, take the Entrance Examinations.

(2) For Admission by Examination the candidate must present himself
for test at the University in June or September, according to the dates
given in the Programme of Entrance Examinations, which may be had by
applying to the Registrar. The examinations are held under the honor system,
no paper being accepted unless accompanied by the usual pledge. All
candidates who take their examinations at the times appointed are tested
free of charge. In case of delayed entrance, where the grounds of postponment
are good, the President of the University may admit the candidate
to a special examination, for which an additional fee of five dollars is
charged. The fee is payable in advance and is in no case returned. Satisfactory
certificates as to character and age are in all cases required.

180

SUBJECTS ACCEPTED FOR ADMISSION

Subject	Topics	Units
English A	Grammar and Grammatical Analysis	1
English B	Composition and Rhetoric	1
English C	Critical Study of Specimens of English Literature	1
English D	History of English and American Literature	1
Mathematics A1	Algebra to Quadratic Equations	1
Mathematics A2	Quadratics, Progessions and the Binomial Formula	½ or 1
Mathematics B	Plane Geometry	1
Mathematics C	Solid Geometry	½
Mathematics D	Plane Trigonometry	½
History A	Greek and Roman History	1
History B	Mediæval and Modern European History	1
History C	English History	1
History D	American History and Civil Government	1
Latin A	Grammar Composition, and Translation	1
Latin B	Cæsar's Gallic War, I-IV; Grammar; Composition	1
Latin C	Cicero's Orations (6); Grammar; Composition	1
Latin D	Virgil's Æneid, I-VI; Grammar; Composition	1
Greek A	Elementary Grammar, Composition, and Translation	1
Greek B	Xenophon's Anabasis, I-IV; Grammar; Composition	1
German A	Elementary Grammar, Composition, and Translation	1
German B	Intermediate Grammar, Composition, and Translation	1
German C	Third-Year Grammar, Composition, and Translation	1
German D	Fourth-Year Grammar, Composition, and Translation	1
French A	Elementary Grammar, Composition, and Translation	1
French B	Intermediate Grammar, Composition, and Translation	1
French C	Third-Year Grammar, Composition, and Translation	1
French D	Fourth-Year Grammar, Composition, and Translation	1
Spanish A	Elementary Grammar, Composition, and Translation	1
Spanish B	Intermediate Grammar, Composition, and Translation	1
Spanish C	Third-Year Grammar, Composition, and Translation	1
Spanish D	Fourth-Year Grammar, Composition, and Translation	1
Science A	Physical Geography	1
Science B	Inorganic Chemistry	1
Science C	Experimental Physics	1
Science D	Botany	½
Science E	Zoölogy	½
Science F	Agricultural (special schools)	2
Drawing	Mechanical and Projection Drawing	1
Shop-Work	Wood-Work, Forging, and Machine-Work	1

Conditioned Students.—After the session of 1915-1916 no student with
conditions will be admitted to the Department of Law.

Special Students.—By special action of the Law Faculty an applicant
who is at least 23 years old, and who presents proper evidence of good character,
and of needful maturity and training, though unable to fulfill the foregoing
entrance requirements, may, in exceptional cases, be admitted as a
special student, and not as a candidate for the degree.

When so admitted, such special student may qualify as a regular student,
and as a candidate for the degree, by fulfilling the entrance requirements
before the beginning of the second year of his work in the Law
School, and not afterwards.

Every applicant for admission as a special student shall make written
application to the Dean of the University, on a blank furnished for the
purpose, with detailed information as to his age, general habits, his educational

181

and business experience, and his general fitness to undertake the
study of law. Such application, together with such testimonials as may be
required, must be filed with the Dean of the University not later than August
1 of the year in which the applicant desires to enter the Law School. In rare instances, and for good cause shown, the requirement as to the time
of filing such application may be waived.

Every such applicant for admission as a special student must pass a
satisfactory examination, to be held at the University on the first registration
day of the session. This examination, which will be conducted by a
committee of the Law Faculty, will include the subjects of English, American
and English History, and Civil Government.

This regulation is subject to the General University regulation as to delayed
entrance examinations.

Special students who fail to complete 60 per cent of the work taken
during any session may be declared ineligible for re-admission the following
session.

With the admonition that over-zealousness is apt to beguile an ambitious
student into the assumption of more work than he can thoroughly
master in a given time, leading to cramming and inaccuracy, and often to
complete failure, the special student is free to select his own work, within
reasonable limits.

Admission to Advanced Standing.—No credit is given for attendance at
another law school, nor for time spent in private reading. The candidate for
graduation must spend three years in residence.

The Session begins on the Thursday preceding the nineteenth of September,
and continues for thirty-nine weeks. The first three days of the
session are given to registration, and all students, both old and new, are required
during that time to place their names upon the books of the University
and the rolls of their respective classes. Lecture courses begin on the
following Monday, and absences will be recorded against any student not
present, from the opening lecture of each course. Students entering after the
first three days, without satisfactory excuse, will be charged a fee for registration.

Late Entrance.—Students are advised that late entrance is a serious
hindrance to progress. The student who enters late must begin his work at
the point to which the several courses have advanced at the time of his entrance;
and credit for three years' attendance cannot be secured unless the
student is in actual residence at least thirty weeks per session. No registration
in absentia is permissible.

Expenses.—The necessary expenses of a student in the Department of
Law may be estimated at $350 per session of nine months. This minimum
estimate includes all university and tuition fees, board, lodging, washing
and books. An average estimate would be $450 per session, reckoning
board, lodging, washing and books at a somewhat higher figure. The university
fee applicable to all law students (including those from Virginia)
is $40; and the tuition fee is $100 for the regular work of each session. For

182

special students who desire to take selected courses, the tuition fee is estimated
according to the ratio which the work chosen bears to the whole.

Three Years' Course.—The course of study embraces three years of
thirty-six weeks each, exclusive of holidays. Residence, for three years,
with attendance of at least thirty weeks a year, exclusive of holidays, is
essential to graduation.

Plan of Instruction.—The course is planned with a view to acquainting
the student familiarly and practically with the principles of his profession.
Care is taken to teach him to think for himself, and to rely upon reason
and principle, rather than upon memory; it being considered better for the
student to follow principle to its legitimate conclusion, though this be at
variance with the decisions of the courts, than to arrive at a faultless result
by the exercise of memory or by accident.

The instruction is as thorough as possible, and is given partly through
text-books and lectures, and partly through the study of cases. While convinced
of the value of the combined text-book and lecture system, which
has prevailed for more than half a century in the Law School, the Law
Faculty have long appreciated the value that the study of cases possesses,
in illustrating the practical application of legal principles, and in forcing the
student to extract for himself the doctrine which the cases establish. The
enlargement of the course gives opportunity for more emphasis upon this
form of instruction, and the case-book will, therefore, be used more extensively
than heretofore—not as supplanting, but as supplementing, the textbook
and lecture.

The daily oral quiz has long been a marked and, as experience has
proved, a most valuable feature of the system of instruction. As cross-examination
exposes error and develops truth, so the daily quiz enables the
instructor to dicover and rectify misconception of legal principles on the
part of the student.

This oral quiz is supplemented by frequent written tests, the results of
which are carefully recorded, and, in the professor's discretion, are considered
in estimating the final grade of the student.

Practical Work.—In the course of Equity Procedure, Virginia Pleading,
Practice at Law, Code Pleading, Criminal Procedure, and Legal Bibliography
and Brief Making, special stress is laid upon practical work. In
the Pleading and Procedure courses, every student is required to draw, and
submit for correction and criticism, all of the principal pleadings, orders,
decrees, and other forms encountered in actual litigation. In the course
on Legal Bibliography and Brief Making, an intimate acquaintance with
law books and skill in their use are secured by lectures and demonstrations
in the presence of the books, followed by oral and written quizzes, and
finally by practical tests; and briefs on assigned topics are required to be
prepared according to rigorous standards. Much practical work is done in
the headnoting of cases on scientific principles.

183

Required for Graduation.—The degree of Bachelor of Laws (LL. B.)
is conferred upon such students as have attained the age of twenty-one
years; have satisfied the entrance requirements; have attended three full sessions
of the Law School; and have successfully passed the required examinations,
with satisfactory performance of assigned practical work.

More specifically, the candidate for graduation must have completed all
of the obligatory courses (see Outline of Courses, below), and at least two
elective courses, one of which must be either the course in Virginia Pleading
or that in Code Pleading.

It follows that of the courses termed "elective," a required minimum is
in fact obligatory—the candidate being permitted to exercise an election
among them.

OUTLINE OF COURSES.

The course, as outlined below, contemplates an average of ten lecture
periods (or 15 hours) per week.

Each session is divided into three terms. See table, p. 190.

Written examinations are held during the final week of each term, on
the subjects completed during the term, with the exception of the examination
in Forensic Debating, which is held at the end of the session. See
Schedule of Examinations, p. 192.

The following outline indicates the extent of the courses offered.

184

TABULAR OUTLINE OF COURSES.

[Asterisks indicate elective courses.—Lecture periods are one and a half hours
each.]

185

186

187

188

189

FIRST YEAR
FIRST TERM.
Course No.		Periods per week	Total periods
1.	Study of Cases—Legal Bibliography—Brief Making—Statutes	2	26
	Professor Lile.
	(Tues. and Thurs., 12:30 to 2.)
	Cooley's Brief Making; Wambaugh's Study of Cases; the Professor's Printed Notes.
2.	Contracts	4	52
	Professor Graves.
	(Mon., Wed., Fri. and Sat., 11 to 12:30.)
	Clark on Contracts; Throckmorton's Cases on Contracts; the Professor's Printed Notes.
3.	Criminal Law	2	26
	Professor Dobie.
	(Tues. and Thurs., 9:30 to 11.)
	Mikell's Cases on Criminal Law.
12.	Domestic Relations	2	26
	Assoc. Professor Eager.
	(Wed. and Fri., 12:30 to 2.)
	Long on Domestic Relations.
4.	Forsenic Debating	2	26
	Adjunct Professor Paul.
	(Section 1: Mon., and Fri., 9:30 to 11.)
	(Section 2: Mon., 12:30 to 2, and Wed., 9:30 to 11.)
	(Section 3: Tues. and Thurs., 11 to 12:30.)
SECOND TERM.
6.	Torts—including Master and Servant	4	40
	Professor Graves.
	(Mon., Wed., Fri. and Sat., 11 to 12:30.)
	Cooley on Torts; Chase's Cases on Torts; the Professor's Printed Notes; Burks' Printed Notes.
7.	Bailments and Carriers	3	30
	Professor Dobie.
	(Tues., Thurs. and Sat., 9:30 to 11.)
	Dobie on Bailments and Carriers; Dobie's Cases on Bailments and Carriers.
8.	Agency	2	20
	Assoc. Professor Eager.
	(Tues. and Thurs., 12:30 to 2.)
	Mechem's Principles of Agency.
4a.	Forensic Debating	3	30
	Adjunct Professor Paul.
	(Section 4: Mon., Wed. and Fri., 9:30 to 11.)
	(Sec. 5: Mon., Wed. and Fri., 12:30 to 2.)
THIRD TERM.
9.	Negotiable Paper	2	20
	Professor Lile.
	(Tues. and Thurs., 12:30 to 2.)
	Bigelow on Bills, Notes and Cheques; the Professor's Printed Notes.
10.	International Law	2	20
	Professor Minor.
	(Tues. and Thurs., 9:30 to 11.)
	Davis' Elements of International Law.
11.	Sales	2	20
	Professor Dobie.
	(Wed. and Fri., 9:30 to 11.)
	Benjamin's (R. M.) Principles of Sales.
13.	Insurance	3	30
	Assoc. Professor Eager.
	(Mon., Wed. and Fri., 12:30 to 2.)
	Vance on Insurance.
4b.	Forensic Debating	3	30
	Adjunct Professor Paul.
	(Section 6: Tues., Thurs. and Sat., 11 to 12:30.)
SECOND YEAR.
FIRST TERM.
14.	Equity Jurisprudence	4	52
	Professor Lile.
	(Mon., Wed., Fri. and Sat., 12:30 to 2.)
	Merwin's Principles of Equity; the Professor's Printed Notes.
15.	Common Law Pleading	2	26
	Professor Graves.
	(Tues. and Thurs., 11 to 12:30.)
	Burks on Pleading and Practice; the Professor's Printed Notes and Questions.
16.	Constitutional Law	4	44
	Professor Minor.
	(Mon., Tues., Wed. and Fri., 9:30 to 11.)
	Minor's Notes on Government; Black's Constitutional Law.
17.	Real Property (begun)	4	8
	Professor Minor.
	(Mon., Tues., Wed. and Fri., 9:30 to 11.)
	Minor on Real Property.
SECOND TERM.
18.	Private Corporations	4	40
	Professor Lile.
	(Mon., Wed., Fri. and Sat., 12:30 to 2.)
	Marshall on Private Corporations; the Virginia Corporation Act; Elliott and Wormser's Cases on Private Corporations.
19.	*Pleading in Virginia	2	20
	Professor Graves.
	(Tues. and Thurs., 11 to 12:30.)
	Burks on Pleading and Practice; the Professor's Printed Notes.
17a.	Real Property (continued)	3	30
	Professor Minor.
	(Mon., Wed. and Fri., 9:30 to 11.)
	Minor on Real Property.
22.	*Code Pleading	2	20
	Professor Dobie.
	(Wed. and Fri., 12:30 to 2.)
	Bryant on Code Pleading.
20.	*Admiralty	2	20
	Assoc. Professor Eager.
	(Tues. and Thurs., 9:30 to 11.)
	Hughes on Admiralty.
THIRD TERM.
21.	Practice at Law, including Extraordinary Remedies	3	30
	Assoc. Professor Eager.
	(Tues. and Thurs., 11 to 12:30; Sat., 12:30 to 2.)
	Burks on Pleading and Practice; Graves' Printed Notes.
17b.	Real Property (concluded)	4	40
	Professor Minor.
	(Mon., Wed., Fri. and Sat., 11 to 12:30.)
	Minor on Real Property.
27.	Taxation	2	20
	Professor Dobie.
	(Tues. and Thurs., 12:30 to 2.)
	Goodnow's Cases on Taxation.
THIRD YEAR.
FIRST TERM.
25.	Criminal Procedure	2	26
	Professor Minor.
	(Thurs. and Sat., 9:30 to 11.)
	Beale on Criminal Pleading and Practice; the Professor's Printed Notes.
26.	Wills and Administration	2	26
	Professor Dobie.
	(Wed. and Fri., 12:30 to 2.)
	Costigan's Cases on Wills.
38.	*Roman Law	2	26
	Professor Dobie.
	(Wed. and Fri., 9:30 to 11.)
	Morey's Outlines of Roman Law.
28.	Bankruptcy	2	26
	Assoc. Professor Eager.
	(Mon., 11 to 12:30, Thurs., 12:30 to 2.)
	Remington on Bankruptcy (Students' Edition).
29.	Partnership	2	26
	Assoc. Professor Eager.
	(Tues. and Sat., 12:30 to 2.)
	Mechem's Elements of Partnership.
SECOND TERM.
31.	Equity Procedure	2	20
	Professor Lile.
	(Tues. and Thurs., 12:30 to 2.)
	Text-book to be announced; the Professor's Printed Notes.
32.	Conflict of Laws and Jurisdictions	3	30
	Professor Minor.
	(Tues. and Thurs., 9:30 to 11, Sat., 12:30 to 2.)
	Minor on the Conflict of Laws.
33.	Federal Jurisdiction and Procedure	3	30
	Professor Dobie.
	(Mon., Wed. and Fri., 12:30 to 2.)
	Hughes on Federal Procedure.
34.	*Damages	2	30
	Assoc. Professor Eager.
	(Wed. and Sat., 9:30 to 11.)
	Hale on Damages.
THIRD TERM.
35.	Public Corporations	2	20
	Professor Lile.
	(Wed. and Fri., 12:30 to 2.)
	Macy's Cases on Municipal Corporations; the Professor's Printed Notes.
36.	Legal Ethics, Preparation of Cases, and Practice of the Law	2	20
	Professor Lile.
	(Mon. and Sat., 12:30 to 2.)
	Archer's Ethical Obligations of the Lawyer; the Code of Ethics of the American Bar Association. Parallel reading.
37.	Evidence	6	60
	Professor Graves.
	(Mon., Tues., Wed., Thurs., Fri. and Sat., 9:30 to 11.)
	Greenleaf on Evidence (16th edition by Wigmore); Hughes' Illustrations of Evidence; the Professor's Printed Notes.

190

FIRST YEAR				SECOND YEAR				THIRD YEAR
First Term—September 15 to December 16—13 Weeks.[2]
	Prof. Lile	Periods per week	Total periods		Prof. Lile	Periods per week	Total periods		Prof. Minor	Periods per week	Total periods
1.	Study of Cases	2	26	14.	Equity Jurisprudence	4	52	25.	Criminal Procedure	2	26
	Legal Bibliography				Prof. Graves				Prof. Dobie
	Brief Making			15.	Common Law Pleading	2	26	26.	Wills and Administration	2	26
	Interp. Statutes				Prof. Minor			38.	[3] Roman Law	2	26
	Prof. Graves			16.	Constitutional Law	4	44		Prof. Eager
2.	Contracts	4	52	17.	Real Property (begun)	4	8	28.	Bankruptcy	2	26
	Prof. Dobie							29.	Partnership	2	26
3.	Criminal Law	2	26
	Prof. Paul
4.	Forensic Debating	2	26[4]
	Prof. Eager
12.	Domestic Relations	2	26
Second Term—January 2 to March 14—10 Weeks.[5]
	Prof. Graves				Prof. Lile				Prof. Lile
6.	Torts, Including Master and Servant			18.	Private Corporations	4	40	31.	Equity Procedure	2	20
	Torts, Including Master and Servant	4	40		Prof. Graves				Prof. Minor
	Prof. Dobie			19.	[6] Pleading in Virginia	2	20	32.	Conflict of Laws	3	30
7.	Bailments and Carriers	3	30		Prof. Minor				Prof. Dobie
	Prof. Eager			17a.	Real Property (continued)	3	30	33.	Federal Jurisdiction and Procedure
8.	Agency	2	20		Prof. Eager				Federal Jurisdiction and Procedure	3	30
	Prof. Paul			20.	[7] Admiralty	2	20		Prof. Eager
4a.	Forensic Debating	3	30		Prof. Dobie			34.	[8] Damages	2	20
				22.	Code Pleading	2	20
Third Term—March 22 to May 31—10 Weeks.[9]
	Prof. Lile				Prof. Eager				Prof. Lile
9.	Negotiable Paper	2	20	21.	Practice at Law	3	30	35.	Public Corporations	2	20
	Prof. Minor				Prof. Minor			36.	Legal Ethics, Preparation of Cases and Practice of the Law
10.	International Law	2	20	17b.	Real Property (completed)	4	40
	Prof. Dobie				Prof. Dobie					2	20
11.	Sales	2	20	27.	Taxation	2	20		Prof. Graves
	Prof. Eager							37.	Evidence	6	60
13.	Insurance	3	30

[2]

Exclusive of one week devoted to examinations.

[3]

Electives.

[4]

Sections 1, 2, and 3 only. Other sections in subsequent terms.
as per schedule next page.

[5]

Exclusive of one week devoted to examinations.

[6]

Electives.

[7]

Electives.

[8]

Electives.

[9]

Exclusive of one week devoted to examinations.

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DEPARTMENT OF LAW.

SCHEDULE OF LECTURES FOR THE SESSION OF 1916-17.

(SUBJECT TO SUCH ALTERATION AS THE FACULTY MAY DEEM NECESSARY.)

FIRST TERM.
Hours	Monday	Tuesday	Wednesday	Thursday	Friday	Saturday
9:30 to 11:00	Forens. Debating (i) Constitutional Law Real Property	Criminal Law Constitutional Law Real Property	Forens. Debat. (ii) Constitutional Law Real Property Roman Law	Criminal Law Criminal Procedure	Forens. Debat. (i) Constitutional Law Real Property Roman Law	Criminal Procedure
11:00 to 12:30	Contracts	Forens. Debat. (iii) Com. Law Plead.	Contracts	Forens. Debat. (iii) Com. Law Plead.	Contracts	Contracts
12:30 to 2:00	Forens. Debating (ii) Equity Jurisp. Bankruptcy	Brief Making Partnership	Domestic Rel. Equity Jurisp. Wills and Admin.	Brief Making Bankruptcy	Domestic Rel. Equity Jurisp. Wills and Admin.	Equity Jurisp. Partnership
SECOND TERM.
9:30 to 11:00	Forens. Debating (iv) Real Property	Bailments & Carriers Admiralty Conflict of Laws	Forens. Debat. (iv) Real Property Damages	Bailments & Carriers Admiralty Conflict of Laws	Forens. Debat. (iv) Real Property	Bailments & Carriers Damages
11:00 to 12:30	Torts	Virginia Pleading	Torts	Virginia Pleading	Torts	Torts
12:30 to 2:00	Forens. Debating (v) Private Corporations Fed. Jurisd. & Proced.	Agency Equity Procedure Code Pleading	Forens. Debat. (v) Private Corporations Fed. Jurisd. & Proced.	Agency Equity Procedure Code Pleading	Forens. Debat. (v) Private Corporations Fed. Jurisd. & Proced.	Private Corporations Conflict of Laws
THIRD TERM.
9:30 to 11:00	Evidence	International Law Evidence	Sales Evidence	International Law Evidence	Sales Evidence	Evidence
11:00 to 12:30	Forens. Debat. (vi) Real Property	Practice at Law	Forens. Debat. (vi.) Real Property	Practice at Law	Forens. Debat. (vi) Real Property	Real Property
12:30 to 2:00	Legal Eth. & Pr. of L. Insurance	Negotiable Paper Taxation	Insurance Public Corporations	Negotiable Paper Taxation	Insurance Public Corporations	Legal Eth. & Pr. of L. Practice at Law.

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SCHEDULE OF EXAMINATIONS.

For Session 1916-17.

Examinations will be held on successive days during the last week of
each term, on all subjects completed during the term, and in order indicated
below.

	First Term	Second Term	Third Term
1.	Contracts	Federal Procedure	Real Property (II)
	Bankruptcy	Bailments & Car. (a)	Negotiable Paper (a)
2.	Constitutional Law	Real Property (1)	Evidence
3.	Roman Law	Conflict of Laws	Parliamentary Law
	Criminal Law (a)	Admiralty (a)	Legal Ethics, etc. (a)
4.	Wills and Adm.	Torts	Sales
	Brief Making, etc. (a)	Equity Procedure (a)	Code Pleading (a)
5.	Equity Jurisprudence	Private Corporations	Insurance
		Damages (a)	Public Corporations (a)
6.	Criminal Procedure	Virginia Pleading	Practice at Law
	Domestic Relations (a)	Agency (a)	International Law (a)
7.	Common Law Plead.		Taxation (a)
	Partnership (a)

The Charles Minor Blackford Prize in the Department of Law was
established through the liberality of Mrs. Susan Colston Blackford, of
Lynchburg, Va., in memory of her husband, the late Charles Minor Blackford,
a distinguished alumnus of the Law School. The prize consists of
fifty dollars in cash, and is awarded each year to a student in the Department
of Law for the best essay on some legal or sociological subject.
Each competitor must file with the Dean of the Department of Law not
later than April 15th his name and the title of his essay, and must file his
completed essay not later than May 1st. All essays must be typewritten,
must contain not more than 15,000 words, and must not be folded. The
award is made by a committee of three competent persons, not locally connected
with the University, to be selected annually by the Law Faculty.
In making the award, literary form as well as subject matter, is taken into
consideration.

For the session of 1914-15 this prize was awarded to William Alexander
Stuart, B. A. (Oxford), whose essay was entitled The Constitutional
Clauses of Magna Carta.

193

DEPARTMENT OF LAW.

GENERAL REGULATIONS.

1. Registration of New Students.—Before registration in the Law
School, students who have not before been registered in any department of
the University must produce to the Dean of the Law School (office in
Minor Hall) a certificate from the Dean of the University (office, No. 6
East Lawn) that entrance requirements have been fulfilled.

2. Registration Generally.—Students must register in advance at the
office of the Dean of the Law School and with the Registrar for every
course taken, and no credit will be given for work done in any course without
proper registration therefor.

3. Delayed Registration.—Students are not permitted to delay their
registration through carelessness or for inadequate reasons. Any student,
new or old, who fails to present himself for registration during the first
three days of the session, and between the hours of nine a. m. and two p. m.
on the first week-day after the Christmas Recess, will be admitted to registration
only upon the consent of the Dean, and will be charged a special
registration fee of three dollars.

4. Exchange or Omission of Courses.—After registration no course
may be exchanged or omitted except on the written approval of the professor
in charge and of the Dean.

5. Maximum for Which Student May Register.—No candidate for the
degree is permitted to register, in any year, for courses comprising in the
aggregate more than 450 periods—including subjects taken but not completed
in a previous year—nor, in any case, for new courses aggregating
more than 350 periods.

6. Minimum for Which Student Must Register.—No student, without
special permission, and for good cause, may register for less than nine periods
per week.

7. Advanced Work.—Students of one year are not permitted to anticipate
the courses of a subsequent year, without urgent reasons satisfactory
to the Dean.

8. Late Entrance Into Classes.—No credit is given for the completion
of any course upon which the student has entered after fifty per centum of
the lectures thereon have been delivered.

9. Optional Attendance.—A student who has attended the required lectures
upon any subject may, on written application, with the endorsed approval
of the professor in charge, and of the Dean, secure optional attendance

194

on such subjects the following session—provided the exercise of this
privilege does not reduce his lecture periods below nine per week, nor infringe
Regulation 5.

10. General Requirements.—Every student of the Law School is required
to attend all regular exercises of the classes of which he is a member,
and to perform all the work assigned, including quizzes and examinations,
unless excused for good cause by the faculty.

11. Invalids.—Students whose condition of health is too precarious to
permit regular attendance upon lectures, but not serious enough to admit
them as patients of the hospital, will be required to withdraw from the University
until able to resume their regular work.

12. Conditions of Re-Admission.—Any student who, without satisfactory
cause, has not attained for the session, on his examinations, credit for
courses completed, comprising in the aggregate at least 150 periods, or, in
lieu thereof, a grade of 75 per centum on courses aggregating 200 periods,
will be excluded from the Law School the following session. The result of
one or more special examinations, granted for cause under existing regulations,
may be considered in determining whether this requirement has been
met.

The foregoing provisions do not affect students who have been permitted,
for cause, to take less than two-thirds of a full year's work. Such
students will be subject to exclusion or other conditions as may be prescribed.

In this connection, attention is called to Regulation 5 foregoing.

13. Students Admitted on Terms of Diligence, by reason of previous
unsatisfactory record in the Law School, or other department of the University,
will be held to an average class grade (or examination grade, in
classes in which class grades are not recorded) of 75 per centum, in the
work of the first term. Failure to attain this grade without satisfactory
cause, unless the result of his other examinations shall raise his average
grade to the required standard, will operate to exclude such delinquent
from the Law School for the remainder of the session. An average class
grade of less than 75 per centum, at the end of any term, will be regarded
as evidence of a lack of the diligence required by the terms of this condition.

14. First-Year Students.—Failure on the part of any first-year student,
without just cause, to attain, for the first term, an average grade of seventy-five
per centum on the daily written quizzes, will place such student on probation
for the remainder of the session, and the student and his parent or
guardian will be so notified. Unless, in the opinion of the Law Faculty, a
decided improvement in the character of such student's work is indicated
at the end of the second term, he will be required to withdraw from the
Law School.

15. Absence from the University is permitted upon the written leave
of the Dean of the Law School. But leaves of absence for the purpose of

195

accompanying the athletic teams or musical clubs on excursions will not be
granted, except to the officers and members of the organizations.

16. Absence from Lectures may be excused by the professors for sickness
or like providential cause. Such excuses must be rendered on the day
of the first lecture attended after the absence. Unexcused absences from
lectures render the student liable to be disciplined.

17. Special Examinations.—No special examinations are granted, save
in cases of sickness on the day of examination (attested by physician's certificate),
or for other imperative cause approved by the Law Faculty. In no
case will such examination be granted, unless prompt application be made
therefor.

18. Re-Examinations—Third-Year Students.—Candidates for the degree,
who have failed on one or more subjects during their third year, may
return the following session, and stand the regular examinations on such
subjects, without further attendance upon lectures. But this privilege may
be exercised but once—that is to say, after a second failure the candidate
must take the lectures over again, on the subject or subjects on which he
has for a second time proved deficient.

19. Examination Fees.—The fee for standing such examinations as are
mentioned in the preceding regulation is five dollars for each examination
taken. Students who, under such circumstances, return for further lectures,
and who have paid full matriculation and tuition fees for three years, pay a
matriculation fee in proportion to the amount of work taken plus $5 for
each course taken.

There is no charge for special examinations granted for imperative
cause.

20. Honor System.—All examinations are conducted under the Honor
System.

21. Application for Degree.—Candidates for graduation are required to
file a written application with the Dean, not later than November 15th of
their third year, indicating the courses completed, together with a schedule
of the courses to be pursued during their final year. Blanks for this purpose
will be supplied on application to the Dean.

22. Required Withdrawal.—The right is reserved to require the withdrawal
of any student who, in the opinion of the faculty, is not profiting,
nor likely to profit, by the instruction offered; or whose neglect or irregular
performance of required duties, after admonition, indicates indifference or
contumacy; or whose habits are a menace to the good order of the Law
School.

196

DEPARTMENT OF MEDICINE.
Edwin Anderson Alderman, Ph.B., D.C.L., LL.D.
President.
Richard Henry Whitehead, A.M., M.D., LL.D.
Dean.

197

198

John Staige Davis, M.A., M.D.	Rugby Road
Professor of Practice of Medicine.
William Alexander Lambeth, M.D., Ph.D.	Carr's Hill
Professor of Hygiene.
Richard Henry Whitehead, A.M., M.D., LL.D.	McCormick Road
Professor of Anatomy.
William Douglas Macon, A.B., M.D.	East Market Street
Professor of Obstetrics.
Theodore Hough, A.B., Ph.D.	McCormick Road
Professor of Physiology.
Stephen Hurt Watts, M.A., M.D.	University Place
Professor of Surgery and Gynecology.
Halstead Shipman Hedges, B.S., M.A., M.D.	Park Street
Professor of Diseases of the Eye.
Harry Taylor Marshall, A.B., M.D.	Preston Heights
Walter Reed Professor of Pathology.
Robert French Compton, M.D.	Fry's Spring
Professor of Diseases of the Ear, Nose, and Throat.
James Carroll Flippin, M.D.	University Place
Professor of Clinical Medicine.
Harvey Ernest Jordan, M.A., Ph.D.	University Place
Professor of Histology and Embryology.
Graham Edgar, B.S., Ph.D.	Monroe Hill
Associate Professor of Chemistry.
William Hall Goodwin, B.A., M.D.	Monroe Hill
Associate Professor of Surgery and Gynecology.
James Alexander Waddell, B.A., M.D.	West Range
Associate Professor of Pharmacology, Materia Medica, and Toxicology.
William Edward Bray, B. A., M.D.	West Main Street
Adjunct Professor of Medicine and University Physician.
John Henry Neff, B.A., M.D.	Hospital
Instructor in Surgery and Resident Surgeon.
Thaddeus Benjamin Reeves, B.S., M.D.	Sigma Nu House
Instructor in Anatomy.
Percy Elisha Duggins, M.D.	Hospital
Instructor in Medicine and Assistant Resident Physician.
Hunter Samuel Woodberry, B.A., M.D.	Hospital
Instructor in Surgery and Assistant Resident Surgeon.
Lyde Stuart Pratt, A.B., Ph.D.	Monroe Hill
Instructor in Organic Chemistry.
Edward May Magruder, M.D.	West Jefferson Street
Clinical Instructor in Medicine.
Hugh Thomas Nelson, M.D.	High Street
Clinical Instructor in Medicine.
Monte Lewis Rea, M.D.	High Street
Clinical Instructor in Pediatrics and Dermatology.
Joseph Lee Wright, M.D.	Hospital
Assistant Resident Surgeon.
William Dulaney Anderson, M.D.	Hospital
Interne in the Hospital.
Marion Stevenson Fitchett, M.D.	Hospital
Interne in the Hospital.
Lucius Gaston Gage, B.A., M.D.	Hospital
Interne in the Hospital.
James Manney Howard, M.D.	Hospital
Interne in the Hospital.
Ezra Eugene Neff, B.A.	Madison Hall
Assistant in Physiology and Pharmacology.
Marion Flint Haralson, B.S., M.D.	East Range
Assistant in Pathology.
Claude Moore*	Dawson's Row
Student Assistant in Pathology.
Goodlatte Browne Gilmore[10]	West Range
Student Assistant in Pathology.
Gustav Adolph Pagenstecher[11]	West Range
Student Assistant in Histology and Embryology.
George Breaker Setzler,[12] B.A.	West Lawn
Student Assistant in Physiology.
James Edge Faris	Gymnasium
Student Assistant in Materia Medica and Toxicology.

For information as to lodgings, board, expenses, etc., and for catalogues
and other printed literature, address the Registrar.

For other information address the Dean of the Department of
Medicine.

Requirements for Admission to the Department of Medicine, Session
1916-1917.—Applicants for admission to the Department of Medicine are
required to present the diploma of a recognized institution of collegiate
rank; or a certificate of good standing in such an institution; or the diploma
of a recognized public or private high school having a four years' course,
or acceptable certificates which represent work equivalent in amount and
character to such a high-school course; and, in addition, to present evidence
of the completion of at least one year's work in Inorganic (General)
Chemistry, Physics, and Biology, at an approved institution of collegiate
rank. Candidates for admission will be required also to present satisfactory
evidence of a reading knowledge of at least one modern language besides
English, preferably German; this requirement may be satisfied either by
the presentation of certificates showing the completion of one year of
college work following upon two years of high-school work in the same
language or by an examination which will test the candidate's reading
knowledge of the language.

The completion of a year's work in Zoölogy or Botany will be accepted
as satisfying the requirements in Biology.

A student may be admitted conditioned on any one of the above subjects
except Chemistry, this condition to be removed before entering on
the work of the second year.

The requirement in Biology may be waived in the case of graduates
of approved colleges and universities.

The number of students in the first-year class is limited to thirty-six.

199

Further information concerning the character of these requirements
and forms for certificates may be obtained by addressing the Dean of the
Department of Medicine, or Mr. Howard Winston, Registrar, at the University.

Requirements for Admission to the Department of Medicine beginning
with the Session 1917-18.—Applicants for admission to the Department
of Medicine are required to furnish evidence of the completion of a four-year
course at a recognized public or private high school, or acceptable
certificates which represent work equivalent in amount and character to
such a high-school course, and, in addition, to present evidence of the completion
at an approved institution of collegiate rank of two years of work
of not less than fifteen session-hours each. This college course must
include a year's work in each of the following subjects: English (rhetoric,
composition, and literature), mathematics (solid geometry and trigonometry),
inorganic (general) chemistry, physics, biology, and either German
or French.

A session-hour is one hour a week throughout the session of lecture
or recitation, or two hours a week throughout the session of laboratory
work.

A student otherwise qualified may be admitted conditioned upon one
of these subjects, the condition to be removed before admission to the
second year of the medical course; but no condition may be allowed in
chemistry, English, or mathematics. The modern language (German or
French) course must be based upon two years of high-school work in that
language or its equivalent; but a candidate may absolve the requirement in
this subject by demonstrating on examination the possession of a satisfactory
reading knowledge thereof.

A year's work in either general biology, zoölogy, or botany will be
regarded as satisfying the requirement in biology. Zoölogy is considered
preferable to botany; and it is desirable that the course should include the
dissection of a mammal.

Facilities for and Methods of Instruction.—In recent years many
additions have been made to the laboratory facilities of the Department,
so that there are now well-equipped laboratories for the study of Organic
and Physiological Chemistry, Gross Anatomy, Histology and Embryology,
Bacteriology and Pathology, Physiology, Pharmacology, Materia Medica,
and Clinical Diagnosis. These laboratories are all presided over by trained
teachers, to whom teaching and investigation are primary considerations.
The number of hours assigned to the laboratory subjects is quite large
and affords ample time for thorough study of the best methods. The
student is brought into close contact with teachers who are both willing
and able to guide him; he gains a very large part of his knowledge at
first hand and by his own exertions, and thus acquires the habit of working
out things for himself; he becomes self-reliant, a quality essential to the
practice of his difficult profession. Trained in this manner he acquires
an understanding of the medical sciences and the ability to apply the

200

facts of these sciences to the subsequent study of disease. For these
reasons the great fundamental sciences receive the utmost consideration,
constituting the entire work of the first two years.

The methods of clinical instruction are based upon the belief that no
clinical teaching is efficient which is not governed by essentially the same
principles as those which govern the best laboratory teaching. This
instruction is accordingly designed to enforce with the individual student
a careful, thorough, face-to-face study of disease and its management.
The facilities afforded by the University Hospital and Dispensary are
described on a subsequent page. After two sessions devoted to laboratory
training, the student is introduced, in the third year, to the study of
disease in living persons. In the dispensary and in the hospital he learns
the methods of examining patients, of diagnosing their diseases, and of
instituting rational treatment; and he learns these things in much the
same way as he studied in the laboratory, that is to say, by doing them
himself under the direction and criticism of the instructors. This practical
training is accompanied by a systematic study of the various subjects by
means of lectures, text-books, and recitations. With this preparation the
student is ready to enter upon the hospital work in his fourth year. Here
he has advantages for clinical training similar to those enjoyed by internes.
Each clinical patient on admission to the hospital is assigned to a student,
and that patient is regarded as his "case." The student conducts a
complete examination, records his observations in a scientific manner,
makes a diagnosis, states his view as to the treatment indicated, and
keeps a complete record of the case, all under the advice and criticism
of the physician or surgeon in charge. He is expected to keep himself
informed of the progress of the case throughout its course; if it is one
requiring surgical treatment, he assists at the operation, and thus is able
to follow all the procedures of the operator at close range. In addition,
students make frequent visits to the wards with the attending physicians
and surgeons, during which visits the nature, treatment, and progress of
various cases are gone over in detail. To carry out this method of
clinical instruction the hospital had last year over 2,400 cases. Since the
number of students in each class is relatively small, it is clear that the
Department offers capable young men clinical advantages which are
distinctly exceptional.

Opportunities are offered in the third and fourth years for more
extended training in certain subjects with a view toward possible specialization
after graduation.

At the meetings of the Medical Section of the Philosophical Society
reviews of important articles and results of original research are presented
by the instructors and by invited guests. These meetings are open to the
students.

Regulations.—The records given after the regular examination on a
course, with their explanations, are as follows:

201

Passed indicates the satisfactory completion of the course and admits
to all dependent subjects.

Conditioned means that to obtain a clear record on the course the
student must pass the next examination. Failure to take or to pass this
examination is equivalent to a record of "failed." The record "conditioned"
is not given in fourth-year subjects, except in case of illness or other
equivalent cause approved by the faculty.

Deficient indicates that part of the work of the course has not been
completed. Upon the satisfactory completion of this work within the
time and in the manner prescribed by the professor in charge the student
receives the record "passed"; otherwise the record is "failed" on the entire
course.

Failed indicates that the course must be repeated; except that when
the laboratory or other practical work has been satisfactorily performed,
the professor in charge may, at his discretion, excuse the student from
repeating the same; and, by special vote of the faculty, the student may
be granted optional attendance upon the course, in whole or in part. In
general a student who is repeating a course will be required to attend all
the exercises of the course, and will not be excused from any exercise
thereof because of schedule conflicts with more advanced work.

Absence from a regular examination, when excused because of illness
or other equivalent cause, gives a record of conditioned; if not excused, a
record of failed.

To pass a regular or a special examination a grade of eighty per cent.
is required. If the grade is less than eighty per cent. but not less than
seventy per cent., the student is entitled to the record conditioned; but
the record "conditioned" is not given in fourth-year subjects, except under
the conditions noted above.

No student will be admitted to any subject of the second or the
third year (save by the consent of the Dean and the professors concerned),
if more than one-third of the work of the preceding year remains unfinished.
If at the beginning of the year his deficiencies have not been
made up by the satisfactory completion of courses at some school approved
by the instructors in charge at this University, he may continue as a
student in the Department of Medicine only by repeating the courses in
which he has failed. In the interpretation of this rule the values of the
subjects of the first and second years are estimated in points as follows:

Anatomy 1, 16 points; Anatomy 2, 5 points; Organic Chemistry, 15
points; Histology, 14 points; Embryology, 6 points; Physiological Chemistry,
8 points.

Anatomy 3, 16 points; Physiology, 20 points; Bacteriology, 8 points;
Pathology, 20 points; Pharmacology, 8 points.

202

Whenever in the judgment of the faculty a student is receiving too
many records below the grade of "Passed," the faculty may prescribe
special conditions upon which the student may remain in the Department
of Medicine, or may require his withdrawal therefrom.

Students will not be allowed to undertake the work of the third or
fourth year until they have completed that of the first year, save by
special consent of the Medical Faculty.

A student may not take any course, either in whole or in part (as
explained under the above definition of "failed") more than two times.
A second record of "failed" on the same course involves withdrawal from
the Department of Medicine.

Candidates for the degree of Doctor of Medicine, who have less than
one full year's course to complete, may be required to take such additional
work and to pass such additional examinations as the Medical Faculty
may prescribe. This additional work may be selected from any of the
courses given in the Department of Medicine, even when such prescribed
courses have previously been taken and passed by the candidate in question.

Advanced Standing.—Students are admitted to advanced standing in
the second and third years under the following conditions:

1. Satisfaction of the requirements for entrance into this department.

2. The presentation of a certificate from an accredited school of
medicine showing that the applicant has completed work equivalent to
that maintained by this department in each subject for which credit is
sought. Applicants complying with these conditions will be admitted to
advanced standing without examination. Applicants who have not completed
all of the work of the year or years preceding that to which they
seek admission are admitted to the Fall Examinations under the conditions
stated in the subsequent paragraph on Examinations. The right is reserved
in every case to obtain satisfactory evidence of the genuineness of a
certificate by correspondence with the proper authority of the school from
which the applicant comes.

Certificates of Attendance.—Students who attend the whole regular
course of one or more of the four years are entitled to certificates of
attendance.

Requirements for Graduation.—The degree of Doctor of Medicine is
conferred by the University of Virginia upon candidates who have complied
with the entrance requirements of this department; attended a regular
medical course of four years of at least eight months each, the last two
of which must have been at this institution; and have satisfactorily completed
all of the subjects included in the medical course.

Examinations.—These are in writing, accompanied in many subjects
by individual practical examinations. The regular examinations are held

203

at stated periods during the session. In addition, examinations are held
each year during the week immediately preceding the beginning of lectures.
To the latter are admitted:

1. Students of the previous session who, from illness or other equivalent
cause approved by the faculty, were unable to present themselves for
examination in any particular subject at the regular time.

2. Students who at the regular examination in any first, second, or
third year subject of the preceding session have attained a grade less than
eighty per cent., but as much as seventy per cent. on one or more subjects,
as explained in a preceding paragraph; or any student who has received
the record of "conditioned" on a course taken in this University.

3. Certain applicants for advanced standing, who satisfy the requirements
stated under "Advanced Standing," and meet the above conditions
of this section.

The Fall Examinations for 1916-1917 begin September eleventh and
close September sixteenth. Students entitled to admission to these
examinations will be informed of the date of examination by the Dean.

Expenses.—The tuition fees for students entering the Department of
Medicine prior to September, 1912, are $110 for the first year, $100 for
the second year, $80 for the third year, and $60 for the fourth year. For
students entering after September 1, 1912, the tuition fee for each year
is $100.

The annual expenses exclusive of tuition are $40 for the University
fee (which entitles the student to the use of the library, the gymnasium,
to medical attention, etc.), an average of about $265 for living expenses,
and $30 for books.

In the courses in Organic and Physiological Chemistry a deposit of
$10 is required to cover cost of breakage.

The William A. Herndon Scholarships are founded upon the bequest
of Dr. Cumberland George Herndon, a graduate in medicine of this
University. They are awarded by the Medical Faculty after a competitive
examination held during the summer vacation preceding enrollment as a
student in the Medical Department. Candidates must be unable to defray
the expenses of their medical education and must signify their intention
of entering the medical service of the army or navy of the United States.
These scholarships provide for the necessary expenses of the student during
the entire four years of his medical course and are awarded whenever
there is a vacancy. One will be awarded in September, 1917, and another in
September, 1918. For information as to the examinations and other
requirements, address the Dean of the Department of Medicine.

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COURSES OF INSTRUCTION.

In the following description of courses, the number of hours represents
the amount of time each student devotes to the course. In addition to
the hours scheduled in the third and fourth years of the course, each
student devotes a considerable amount of time to practical work which
does not appear in the schedule, but the satisfactory performance of which
is essential to graduation. Thus the taking of histories, the visits to his
cases in the hospital, assisting at operations, attendance upon cases of
labour, the employment of microscopical and chemical methods of diagnosis
in the hospital, require much time which it has not seemed possible
to record in a rigid schedule. It should, however, be stated that each
student in the fourth year gives at least two hundred hours to this required
but unscheduled practical work.

The session, exclusive of the time devoted to examination, is divided
into a fall term of twelve weeks, a winter term of ten weeks, and a spring
term of ten weeks.

FIRST YEAR.

Anatomy 1.—Six hours weekly until November 1st; twelve hours weekly
from November 1st to the end of the winter term. This course begins with
a systematic study of the bones, on the completion of which a part (either
the head and neck with the upper extremity and thorax, or the lower
extremity and abdomen) is assigned to each student for dissection and
study; for this purpose each cadaver is considered as composed of four
parts. On the completion of this course and Anatomy 3 each student
has dissected a lateral half of the body. Emphasis is placed upon the
benefit to be derived by the student who obtains his knowledge at first
hand and by his own personal efforts. While practical dissection and
the consideration of topographical relations make up the essential features
of the course, there are occasional lectures and frequent recitations, followed
by a final written examination in March. The satisfactory
performance of the laboratory work is essential to a passing grade.
Dr. Whitehead.

Anatomy 2.—Six hours weekly during the spring term. This course
consists in a laboratory study of the anatomy of the central nervous
system carried out in considerable detail. The gross anatomy of the spinal
cord and brain is first considered, on the completion of which sections of
the more important regions are studied carefully with the aid of the
microscope. For the purposes of the course the laboratory is well
equipped. Fresh brains are obtained each year from the dissecting material
of the department; and several excellent series of sections of the cord
and brain both of infants and adults stained by the Weigert-Pal method
are thoroughly used. The laboratory work is supplemented by recitations
and occasional lectures. Dr. Whitehead.

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Histology.—Three lectures or recitations and nine hours of laboratory
work weekly during the fall and winter terms. The student's record in
the course will depend upon his recitations, laboratory drawing books,
and final examinations, both written and practical. The course aims to
acquaint the student primarily with the microscopic structure of cells,
tissues, and organs. Cytogenesis and histogenesis are briefly considered
in the case of many tissues studied; and the relation of the whole subject
of histology to pathology is never lost sight of. The student is also given
opportunity to acquaint himself with the principles and practice of
histological technique. The laboratory is excellently equipped with
microscopes, paraffin baths, microtomes, a micropolariscope, a projectoscope
and other accessories essential to the most favorable presentation of this
course.

A record of seventy per cent. in this course is required for admission
to Physiology, and of eighty per cent. for admission to Pathology. Dr.
Jordan, assisted by Mr. Pagenstecher.

Embryology.—Nine hours weekly during the spring term. The laboratory
work (six hours weekly) is accompanied by lectures, recitations, and
the study of models and text-books. The course aims to give the student
a knowledge of developmental processes, in the light of which he may
the better understand the more abstruse normal conditions of adult
anatomy, as well as many anomalies and variations, neoplasms and malformations.
The close correlation of obstetrics is recognized, and a correct
knowledge of the fetus and its membranes is taught from the embryological
approach. The course is made as practical as possible for the student and
practitioner of medicine. It begins with a consideration of maturation
phenomena, fertilization, segmentation, and the development of the germ-layers.
The study is made chiefly upon the ova and early stages of an
invertebrate, followed by a comparison in an amphibian. The chick is
used for the primary relations of the systems to one another; and this
is followed by the study of pig embryos, where each system is taken up
separately and the organology and histogenesis of its parts are studied.
Finally, the fetal membranes and their relations to the fetus and uterus
are studied in their variations among the amniota. Dr. Jordan, assisted by
Mr. Pagenstecher.

Organic Chemistry.—Lectures and recitations three hours weekly, laboratory
work six and eight hours weekly respectively during the fall and winter
terms. This course includes the systematic study of organic chemistry or
the chemistry of the compounds of carbon, with special reference to substances
of importance in their relation to medicine. The object of this
course of study is to familiarize the student with the more important
organic compounds and with the methods at present employed in chemical
synthesis and to lay the foundation for subsequent work in Physiological
Chemistry, Pharmacology, etc., etc.

During the second term certain qualitative and quantitative work of
immediate importance in physiological chemistry is introduced into the
course. This includes, among other things, the reactions of carbohydrates,
the quantitative determination of sugar (Fehling and Benedict), total

206

nitrogen (Kjeldahl), uric acid (Hopkins-Folin), ammonia (Folin, and formaldehyde
methods), chlorids, and total acidity of urine (Folin).

A record of seventy per cent. on this course is required for admission
to Physiological Chemistry. Dr. Edgar and Dr. Pratt.

Physiological Chemistry.—Three lectures, three recitations and nine hours
of laboratory work weekly during the spring term. This course has for its
object to afford instruction in the fundamentals of physiological chemistry,
especially the chemical structure, properties, and reactions of the more
important compounds with which the student must deal in his subsequent
studies of physiology. The laboratory work, continuing that upon the
carbohydrates and the quantitative methods given in the laboratory of
Organic Chemistry, consists of the thorough study of the properties of the
fats, soaps, fatty acids, and proteins, and of the more important members
of each of these groups; the composition of blood, milk, and bile; the action
of the more important digestive enzymes and of the bile; and the
chemistry of the urine. Accurate quantitative determinations are required
of creatinin (Folin), creatin (Benedict), and of urea, ammonia, uric acid,
etc., by the microchemical methods of Folin. After this the class in
sections carries out analyses of 24-hour urines, these analyses including,
in duplicate, all the quantitative determinations which have previously
been learned.

A grade of seventy per cent. on this course is required for admission
to Physiology. Dr. Hough and assistant.

SECOND YEAR.

Anatomy 3.—Ten hours weekly from October 1st through the fall and
winter terms. This course is the continuation of Anatomy 1, and consists
of the systematic dissection and study, by essentially the same methods,
of the parts not studied during the first year. Dr. Reeves.

Physiology.—Four hours weekly of lectures, recitations and demonstrations
throughout the year; six hours weekly of laboratory work in the fall
and winter terms. The physiology of muscle and nerve; blood and lymph;
the circulation; respiration; secretion; digestion and nutrition; excretion;
the sense organs; and the central nervous system. The laboratory is
equipped with kymographs, induction coils, signals, muscle and heart
levers, tambours, manometers, apparatus for gas analysis, etc., for thirty
men work at one time in pairs. The work of the laboratory closely follows
the lectures and is an integral part of the study of each subject. The
student becomes practically acquainted with the methods of modern physiological
investigation and is required to hand in tracings or other records,
together with full description of his experiments. The satisfactory completion
of the laboratory work is necessary to a clear record on the course,
as is the passing of the final examinations.

Open only to students who have obtained a grade of seventy per cent.
in Histology and in Physiological Chemistry. The satisfactory completion
of the laboratory work of this course is necessary for admission to
Pharmacology. Dr. Hough and Mr. Neff, assisted by Mr. Setzler.

207

Bacteriology and Pathology.—Twelve hours weekly throughout the year,
and two additional hours a week in the third term.

In Bacteriology the student is taught to prepare culture media and to
employ the usual methods necessary for the isolation and identification
of bacteria, and he studies the microörganisms concerned in the common
bacterial diseases.

After a few days have been spent in making culture media, sterilization,
etc., the general technique is learned by isolating the bacteria
from the air, soil, water and milk, and from exposed body surfaces.
Bacterial counts are made from water and milk. Following this, the
pathogenic bacteria are taken up serially. Those receiving special attention
are the bacteria concerned in wound infections, in respiratory and intestinal
diseases, and in tuberculosis. At intervals mixed cultures are given out
to the class and the students are required to isolate and identify the
bacteria in the mixtures.

Experimental work upon infection and immunity accompanies the
course in Bacteriology and Pathology. The students inoculate animals
with certain pathogenic bacteria and report to the class upon the course
of disease resulting from the inoculation. In fatal cases the students
perform autopsies upon the experimental animals and attempt to recover
the bacteria in cultures. Sections are made from the organs of the
animals which succumb to inoculation and are studied by the students.

Groups of students prepare vaccines and immunize animals. The
serum of these animals is employed by the class in studying the technique
of the more important immunity reactions. In this way the work in
Bacteriology is integrally combined with the work in Pathology, the two
courses overlapping.

The lectures and quizzes which accompany the laboratory work are
designed to set forth clearly the relations existing between bacteria and
disease and to give a knowledge of the fundamental facts and theories of
immunity and of the important principles of preventive medicine.

The course in Pathology extends from January to June. The greater
part of the practical work is devoted to the study of the microscopic
changes occurring in disease. This is supplemented by the study of
autopsy material and museum specimens. Selected types of diseases are
studied experimentally. The practical work includes the consideration
of the vascular disturbances, degeneration, inflammation, regeneration,
and of benign and malignant tumors. The diseases produced by animal
parasites are considered briefly. During the course the student has an
opportunity to learn the standard methods employed in preparing tissues
for examination, and he is called upon to witness and assist in the
autopsies.

Both in Bacteriology and Pathology frequent recitations are held and
the standing of the student is determined largely upon these and from the
character of his daily practical work.

In addition to the regular course outlined above, opportunity is
afforded for qualified students and doctors to engage in advanced work.
A special room is reserved for this purpose.

208

The work in Pathology is open only to students who have obtained
a record of eighty per cent. in Histology. Dr. Marshall and Dr. Haralson,
assisted by Mr. Moore and Mr. Gilmore.

Pharmacology.—Five hours of lectures, recitations, and demonstrations
and six hours of laboratory work during the third term. In this course a
study is made of the chemical characteristics and physiological action of
representative drugs from the different pharmacological groups. An average
grade of seventy per cent on the first two terms of Physiology together
with the satisfactory completion of the laboratory work of Physiology is
required for admission to the course. Dr. Waddell and Mr. Neff.

Journals.—In connection with the work in Physiology, Pathology, and
Pharmacology the second-year students meet with their instructors for
one hour each week from the first of December to the end of the session
for reports and discussion of the current literature of the above sciences.
Three reports are made at each meeting by the students.

Physical Diagnosis.—Four hours weekly during the spring term. Instruction
is given in the principles and methods of physical examination.
Attention is especially given to study of the normal subject. Dr. Flippin.

THIRD YEAR.

Materia Medica.—Three hours of lectures and recitations and four hours
of laboratory work weekly during the first half of the third year. The more
important drugs and preparations of the Pharmacopeia, together with newer
non-official remedies which bid fair to attain or have attained considerable
use, form the subject of study. In the laboratory the student becomes
familiar with the peculiarities and methods of preparation of the different
preparations of the pharmacopeia, as well as with the solubilities and other
characteristics of the more important drugs. Especial attention is paid to
chemical and pharmaceutical incompatibility. Prescription writing is dealt
with by lecture and frequent practical exercises. Dr. Waddell and Mr.
Faris.

Toxicology.—Three hours of lectures and recitation and three hours of
laboratory work weekly during the last half of the second term.

This course is, to a considerable extent, a review of the pharmacological actions
of poisons and their antagonists. The treatment of poisoning is dealt
with in detail. Some attention is given to the methods of separation and
identification. Dr. Waddell and Mr. Faris.

Clinical Diagnosis.—Six hours weekly during the fall and winter terms.
In this course the student is made familiar with those modern laboratory
methods which are practically helpful in the diagnosis of disease. These
include, among others, the systematic examination of blood, sputum, urine,
gastric contents, feces, exudates, transudates, and milk. The student is not
only required to understand the methods employed in such examinations,
but by practice to acquire the skill necessary for accurate results. The instruction
is given in the Clinical Laboratory, situated in the north wing of

209

the hospital. This laboratory is well equipped with instruments and apparatus,
and the wards of the Hospital furnish ample material for the
proper presentation of the subject. Dr. Bray and Dr. Duggins.

Theory and Practice of Medicine.—Three hours weekly of lectures and
recitations throughout the year; nine hours weekly in the clinics for one-half
the session. A systematic course of lectures, supplemented by work in the
dispensary and hospital. The class is divided into two sections, each of
which devotes itself for half the year to the medical service in the dispensary
and also twice a week receives instruction on selected cases in the wards of
the hospital. There is a general medical clinic once a week in the hospital
amphitheater for the third- and fourth-year students. Dr. Davis, Dr. Flippin,
Dr. Magruder, and Dr. Nelson.

Surgery and Gynecology.—Five hours weekly of lectures and recitations,
and two hours weekly of surgical clinic throughout the session, with six hours
weekly in the dispensary for one-half the session.

The study of surgery begins in the third year and continues through
the fourth year. In the third year the classroom work consists of lectures
and recitations, as arranged in the schedule, in which the Principles and
Practice of Surgery, Surgical Diseases, Surgical Diagnosis, etc., are thoroughly
discussed. This also includes the surgical specialties, Orthopedics,
Genito-urinary Surgery, etc.

The dispensary course in the third year gives opportunities for diagnosis
and treatment of clinical cases under close personal supervision. Experience
in dressings, bandaging, anesthesia, and minor surgery is afforded.
Surgical appliances and technique are demonstrated to the students, divided
into small groups.

The work in gynecology follows closely the outlines already described
for surgery. The general principles of gynecology are taken up in lectures
and recitations. In addition, the dispensary affords practice in palpation,
diagnosis, and treatment. Dr. Watts and Dr. Goodwin.

Obstetrics.—Three hours weekly of lectures, recitations, and manikin demonstrations
during the year, supplemented by work with living subjects in
the wards of the hospital.

The class is divided into sections of five for manikin instruction and for
examination of patients in the hospital. The manikin course forms an important
part of the work, not only for teaching presentation, position, and
posture, but also the mechanism of normal and abnormal labor and the application
of forceps. When the section is taken into the wards of the hospital,
the methods of examination, particularly abdominal palpation, are
practiced on the living subject. Dr. Macon.

FOURTH YEAR.

Theory and Practice of Medicine.—The same plan is followed in the
clinical work as that already described for the third year, each of the two
sections of the class devoting itself for half the year to the medical service
in the wards of the hospital. Full histories are taken of every case, thorough

210

examinations made, and management indicated by the students of each
division. The records thus obtained are kept up by the student assigned to
the case, which he is expected to follow until its discharge. The accuracy
and completeness with which this is done constitutes a large element in the
determination of fitness for graduation.

The subjects treated with the approximate division of time between
them are as follows:

Nervous Diseases and Insanity.—Three lectures and recitations weekly
supplemented by clinical work during the fall term. In this course is given
also instruction in electro-therapeutics. Dr. Davis.

Pediatrics.—Three lectures and recitations weekly supplemented by clinical
work during the winter term. This course of lectures is intended to point out
in a brief way how disease is modified by childhood and to indicate how the
difficulties of diagnosis and treatment due to early age may best be encountered.
The principles of infant feeding are emphasized and the student is
taught how to prepare the food. Instruction in the practical details of the
subject is given by the work at the dispensary and in the wards of the hospital.
Dr. Davis and Dr. Rea.

Dermatology.—A brief course of lectures is given on this subject embodying
a consideration of the commoner diseases met with in medical practice.
After a brief review of the anatomic and histologic structure and of
the physiology of the skin, the diseases most commonly met with are discussed.

The clinical material available at the University Dispensary is utilized
to the best advantage to give the students a practical working knowledge
of the diagnosis and treatment of affections of the skin. Dr. Davis and Dr.
Rea.

Case Teaching, Medical Ethics and Economics, and Insurance Exam-
inations.—Two hours weekly during the spring term. Dr. Davis.

Therapeutics.—Two lectures weekly during the fall and winter terms, with
five hours weekly of ward rounds for one-half the session.

The treatment of internal diseases is discussed in a systematic course
of lectures and practically demonstrated in the wards of the hospital.
Especial attention is given to the clinical side of the teaching of this subject,
the student being required to suggest treatment for cases assigned to
him and to follow closely and make a record of the results of the therapeutic
agents employed throughout the course of the disease.

The course includes a discussion of the preparation of food for the
sick; demonstrations of the preparation of stupes, plasters, and poultices;
and the methods of giving therapeutic baths, electric treatment, massage,
and other therapeutic measures. Dr. Flippin

Surgery and Gynecology.—Two hours weekly of surgical clinic throughout
the session; three hours weekly of ward classes, supplemented by clinical
work in the wards and operating room for one-half the session with each of the
two sections of the class.

211

Instruction in surgery is carried on by clinics and bedside demonstrations
in the hospital. In the wards the students are assigned cases, whose histories
they must take, make complete physical and clinical examinations,
urine analyses, blood examinations, etc. In the ward rounds the diagnosis,
operative and other treatment, post-operative care of the cases, complication,
prognosis, etc., are discussed in detail. A large variety of cases is
available, and the close contact of the students with their cases and with the
routine of hospital management offer many of the opportunities that an internship
affords.

In the operating rooms the students, in small groups, take part in the
operations, thus acquiring familiarity with technique, anesthetization, etc.
Those of the class who are not assisting, witness the operations, whose
important features are demonstrated to them.

In gynecology the students have the same general work as in surgery,
consisting of the examination and recording the cases in the public wards,
attendance on ward rounds, at which the cases are discussed, and observation
and assistance in the operating rooms. Dr. Watts and Dr. Goodwin.

In addition to the above course, required of all students, the following
elective course is offered in the Department of Surgery.

Surgical Pathology.—Two hours weekly during one-half of the year. The
work in this course comprises lectures upon the pathology of surgical lesions,
with especial emphasis upon the clinical diagnosis of tumors and inflammations,
the examination of microscopic sections, and the study of fresh
tissues in the gross, obtained from the operating room. The purpose of
the course is to supplement the general courses in pathology and surgery,
and to acquaint the student with the appearance of fresh pathological material
from surgical cases. Dr. Goodwin.

Clinical Pathological Conferences.—One hour weekly is assigned for
the study of pathologic material in connection with the clinical aspects of
cases coming to autopsy. A history of the case is presented by the student
in charge, the autopsy is reviewed, the tissue and microscopic sections are
examined, and all the information thus derived is collated and contrasted.
Dr. Marshall.

Obstetrics.—The student attends, under the guidance of an instructor,
the labor cases in the hospital, is required to prepare the history of patients,
and to follow up the cases through the puerperium. Instruction is also
given in the care of the new born. In addition the student has the opportunity
of attending patients in the out-patient department and each student
is expected to attend at least six cases of labor. Dr. Macon.

Forensic Medicine.—One lecture weekly during the term of the fourth
year. Dr. Waddell.

212

Diseases of the Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat.—Two lectures weekly from
the beginning of the session to the first of March, supplemented by regular
clinics twice weekly throughout the year and clinical lectures to sections of the
class as suitable cases occur.

No attempt is made to train specialists, but every effort is made to render
the class familiar with such common diseases of the eye, ear, nose and
throat as the general practitioner meets in his daily work. To this end the
class is divided into small sections and each student is taught the methods
of examination and the use of the ophthalmoscope, head-mirror, and of the
laryngeal and post-nasal mirrors. In the clinics each patient is assigned to
a student who must take the history and keep the record of that patient;
the case is then demonstrated by the professor in charge, and, if possible,
each student makes his own examination under the personal supervision of
the attending physician. Clinical cases are abundant, and during the year
the student sees and handles practically all the common diseases of the
eye, ear and upper respiratory tract.

At the operations in the hospital only as many students are allowed to
be present as can really see and appreciate what is being done.

Valuable work is also given in the dissecting room, where the technic
of operative work is shown in a way that can not be employed with the living
patient. Students do this work as far as possible for themselves, especially
in tracheotomy and intubation of the larynx.

Finally the attempt is made so to ground the student in the anatomy,
physiology, general pathology, and in methods of examination and treatment
that he may diagnose and treat intelligently many of the cases that
can not afford to go to a perhaps distant specialist; that he may treat successfully
that large class of emergency cases that first come to the general
practitioner and in which immediate treatment is imperative; and, lastly,
that he may recognize and intelligently refer those cases that need the
services of one especially trained to this branch of work. Dr. Hedges and Dr.
Compton.

Hygiene.—Three hours weekly throughout the year.

The course begins with a historical sketch of the development of preventive
medicine, including short biographical sketches of the pioneers of
hygiene. With this introduction the story of the natural history of contagious
and infectious diseases, modes of propagation and methods of prevention
engage the attention of the student. With this preparation, the
chemical and bacteriological contamination of food, water, air and soil is
made an important study. Instruction is also begun in the proper location
and construction of habitations, hospitals, schoolhouses, etc., with special
reference to the modern methods of heating, ventilating and draining.
Notice is taken of the special relations involved in military and naval
hygiene. Dr. Lambeth.

213

FACILITIES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR RESEARCH.

The Department of Medicine not only fosters in its methods of instruction
the inductive study by the student himself of the phenomena presented
by the human body in health and disease, but also encourages the
spirit of investigation of unsolved problems of medical science and practice
on the part of the instructors and students. During the past few years there
have appeared annually a number of papers from its laboratories embodying
the results of such investigations, and it is the policy of the department
to enlarge this feature of its work in the future. Students are encouraged
to engage in research as they are prepared for it, usually assisting an instructor
in some special study or else conducting the research under his
guidance and advice. For this purpose the scientific and clinical laboratories
offer the necessary facilities and heads of departments will always
be glad to suggest and outline problems for investigation by any medical
student or by others possessing the necessary training therefor.

214

THE UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA HOSPITAL.

This hospital is the property of the University, and is under the exclusive
control of its medical faculty. It was designed and is administered
as a teaching hospital, being so arranged that free use can be made of its
clinical material without in any way disturbing or violating the privacy of
other patients.

The buildings are arranged upon the pavilion system, consisting of a
central structure, four stories in height, devoted to the purposes of administration,
and two wings. The administration building contains, on the main
floor, reception and consultation rooms, an amphitheater and private operating
rooms, with sterilizing and anesthetizing rooms attached, and an X-ray
room. The upper floors furnish accommodation for the nurses of the training
school, while the basement contains the heating plant, laundry, kitchen,
etc. From this building corridors in three stories lead out to the wards.
These wards, having a capacity of about eighteen beds each, are beautifully
lighted, have direct indirect hot-water radiators, and forced ventilation. Opening
from each ward on the east is a large protected porch, of great value to
convalescents. The south wing has been in use for several years; the
north wing, completed in 1907, gives the hospital a capacity of about 100
beds, 80 of these being in the public wards. A new wing, now in process of
construction, will be occupied by the session 1916-17, and will add materially
to the capacity and equipment. The equipment throughout is new, and
conforms in all respects to the best usage of the day.

Attention is particularly called to the fact that the hospital, with its
associated dispensary, constitutes a valuable adjunct to the teaching facilities
of the Medical School. The variety of cases presented, and more especially
the opportunities offered for a thorough study of the individual case,
afford unusually satisfactory conditions for clinical instruction.

HOSPITAL STAFF.

Hospital Board: Drs. Whitehead, Davis, Watts, Hedges, Macon, Marshall,
Compton, Flippin, Goodwin.

Visiting Staff: The visiting staff consists of the Hospital Board and
the Clinical Instructors in the Dispensary.

Director of the Hospital: Dr. Watts.

House Surgeon: Dr. Neff.

Assistant House Surgeon and Roentgenologist: Dr. Woodberry.

Internes: Drs. Anderson, Fitchett, Gage and Howard.

Acting Superintendent of Nurses: Miss T. S. Grier.

Assistant Superintendent: Miss M. L. Hamner.

Night Superintendent: Miss Clarissa Canfield.

In Charge of Operating Room: Miss Dorothy Stranger.

Dietetic Nurse: Mrs. G. G. Montague.

Pathologists: Dr. Marshall and Dr. Haralson.

215

THE DISPENSARY.

CLINICAL INSTRUCTORS.

Dr. Flippin, Chief of Dispensary.

Dr. Magruder.

Dr. Hedges.

Dr. Davis.

Dr. Compton.

Dr. Goodwin.

Dr. Rea.

Dr. Nelson.

During the summer of 1913 the dispensary building was remodeled and
the service reorganized. Separate waiting rooms for white and colored
patients have been provided and the floor space has been arranged to provide
additional rooms for the different services and separate examination
rooms for male and female patients. The chief of dispensary is present
each afternoon during the regular hours to receive and properly refer patients
and to arrange for the work of the students. The students are divided
into sections and are required to examine, record, treat, and follow
each case that comes to the clinic. The work is done under the close personal
supervision of the clinical instructors. Each third-year student attends
the medical and surgical clinics every Monday, Wednesday and Friday
afternoons, and each fourth-year student the eye, ear, nose and throat
clinics on Tuesday and Thursday afternoons throughout the session. A
nurse is detailed from the hospital each afternoon to be present at the examination
and treatment of patients, as required. The coöperation of the
district nurse in Charlottesville has been secured and the dispensary has in
this way become an integral part of the charitable work of the community.

UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA HOSPITAL TRAINING SCHOOL FOR
NURSES.

This school was established in 1901, and its first class was graduated in
June, 1903. Its aim is to give young women, desirous of acquiring the art
of nursing, the same care and thorough training in their calling which is
now afforded young men studying the science of medicine. Instruction in
the primary branches of medicine is given to pupil nurses by the Medical
Department of the University of Virginia, while the clinical instructors at
the University Hospital give lectures upon their respective courses. Three
years is the required time for graduation, and all candidates must enter prepared
to go through the full course of instruction and hospital training.

Candidates for the school should apply in their own handwriting to the
Superintendent of Nurses, University Hospital, University, Va. These applications
must be accompanied by certificates of good character, good
health, and sufficient education to profit by the instruction offered. No
candidate under twenty-one years of age or over thirty-five will be received.

[10]

These assistants give no instruction to students; their duties are con-
ed to the technical operations of the laboratory.

[11]

These assistants give no instruction to students; their duties are con-
ed to the technical operations of the laboratory.

[12]

These assistants give no instruction to students; their duties are con-
ed to the technical operations of the laboratory.

216

DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING.

Edwin Anderson Alderman, Ph.B., D.C.L., LL.D. President.

William Mynn Thornton, B.A., LL.D. Dean.

217

Francis Henry Smith, M.A., D.C.L., LL.D.	West Lawn
Emeritus Professor of Natural Philosophy.
William Mynn Thornton, B.A., LL.D.	Monroe Hill
Professor of Applied Mathematics.
Francis Perry Dunnington, B.S., C.E., M.E.	University Heights
Professor of Analytical and Industrial Chemistry.
William Holding Echols, B.S., C.E.	East Lawn
Professor of Pure Mathematics.
James Morris Page, M.A., Ph.D., LL.D.	McCormick Road
Professor of Pure Mathematics.
Thomas Leonard Watson, M.S., Ph.D.	University Place
Corcoran Professor of Geology.
Robert Montgomery Bird, B.A., B.S., Ph.D.	University Place
Collegiate Professor of Chemistry.
John Lloyd Newcomb, B.A., C.E.	West Range
Professor of Civil Engineering.
Charles Hancock, B.S.	University Place
Professor of Mechanical Engineering.
Llewellyn Griffith Hoxton, B.S., M.A.	Fry's Spring
Associate Professor of Physics.
Graham Edgar, B.S., Ph.D.	Monroe Hill
Associate Professor of Chemistry.
John Sharshall Grasty, A.B., Ph.D., Sc.D.	University Place
William Barton Rogers Associate Professor of Economic Geology.
Walter Sheldon Rodman, B.S., M.S.	West Main Street
Associate Professor of Electrical Engineering.
Carroll Mason Sparrow, B.A., Ph.D.	Monroe Hill
Adjunct Professor of Physics.
Jared Stout Lapham, M.E.	Chancellor Street
Adjunct Professor of Experimental Engineering.
Justus Henry Cline, M.A.	Altamont Circle
Adjunct Professor of Geology.

INSTRUCTORS.

Ernest Jackson Oglesby, M.A.	Mathematics
Gardner Lloyd Carter, M.A.	General Chemistry
Lyde Stuart Pratt, A.B., Ph.D.	Organic Chemistry
Eugene Price Brown, B.S.	Analytical Chemistry
John Earle Bomar, B.A., B.S., M.A.	Engineering Drawing

ASSISTANTS.

Edward Tankard Browne, B.A.	Mathematics
John Ridout, Jr.	Mathematics
Robert Macdonald, Jr.	Physics
Francis Milton Massie, B.A.	Chemistry
Alfred Sheldon Wise	Wood Shop
Harold Lawson MacCarter	Machine Shop
Paul Frank Brown	Civil Engineering
Richard Emmett, Jr.	Civil Engineering
Lee Hoomes Williamson	Civil Engineering
Allen Whitney Wright	Electrical Engineering
Allen Waller Morton	Experimental Engineering
Charles Henderson	Engineering Drawing

STUDENT ASSISTANTS.

Ellis Nimmo Tucker	Mathematics
Reginald Clair Lamb	Physics
John Seward Lawrence	Physics
William Ellyson Currie	Chemistry
Judson Hall Robertson	Chemistry
B. Van Cortright Mekeel	Tool Room

218

ENTRANCE REQUIREMENTS.

For admission to the Freshman Class in the Department of Engineering
the candidate must be at least sixteen years old. He must present a certificate
of honorable withdrawal from the school last attended, or other valid
proof of general good character. He must further satisfy the Dean of the
University as to his adequate preparation for the work by passing the Entrance
Examinations specified below or by the presentation of equivalent
certificates of preparation signed by the President of a recognized institution
of collegiate rank, or by the Principal of an accredited high school.
The topics required for entrance and their values in units are as follows:

English A.—Grammar and Grammatical Analysis	1
English B.—Composition and Rhetoric	1
English C.—Critical Study of Specimens of Literature	1
Mathematics A1.—Algebra to Quadratics	1
Mathematics A2.—Quadratics, Progressions, Binomial Formula	1
Mathematics B.—Plane Geometry	1
Mathematics C.—Solid Geometry	½
Mathematics D.—Plane Trigonometry	½
History.—Ancient; Mediæval; English; American (any one)	1
Electives	6
Total	14

High school students who expect to study engineering are advised to
include among their electives Physical Geography, Chemistry, Physics, Mechanical
Drawing, and Shop-work (valued at one unit each). Other electives
which may be offered are History of English and American Literature
(1 unit), History (4 units), Latin (4 units), Greek (2 units), German (4
units), French (4 units), Spanish (4 units), Botany (half unit), Zoölogy
(half unit).

A candidate may be admitted as a Conditioned Student in spite of some
deficiencies, provided these are not such as will impair the integrity of his
work. But no such candidate will be conditioned except upon subjects
actually taught in this university, nor will any candidate be conditioned on
more than two units; and all conditions must be absolved before the beginning
of the next session after initial registration. Courses taken for the
removal of entrance conditions may in no case be counted as part of the
work credited for any degree. No conditions will be allowed in English A,
or B, or in Mathematics A1, A2, or B.

A candidate may be admitted as a Special Student, without formal
examination, provided he is more than twenty years old, and gives evidence
of serious purpose and of fitness to pursue with profit the courses for
which he is registered. No special student may be a candidate for any degree.
No conditioned student may register later as a special student.

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COURSES OF INSTRUCTION.

The candidate who has satisfied the requirements for entrance as above
defined is matriculated as a student of Engineering and admitted to the
Freshman Class. The studies of this class comprise lecture-courses in
Mathematics, Chemistry and Engineering, with associated laboratory
courses in Chemistry, Drawing, Shop-work and Field-work.

For advancement to the Sophomore Class the student must have completed
at least two-thirds of his Freshman work. Upon entering this class
he elects his specialty. The courses thereafter diverge according as the
student is an applicant for a degree in Civil, Mechanical, Electrical, Chemical,
or Mining Engineering. Programs of study for each degree are given
below.

The courses are so ordered that the specified entrance requirements are
adequate for the work of the Freshman Year. Each succeeding year presupposes
the completion of the work for all the foregoing years. Students
are advised to adhere strictly to the regular programs. The arrangements
specified in them have been carefully planned and are the best. Departures
from the curriculum will in almost every case produce conflicts in lecture
hours or laboratory periods and may cost the student a year's time. Haphazard
election is discouraged and in extreme cases will be prohibited. No
student will be registered for a course unless, in the opinion both of the Dean
and of the professor, his preliminary training has fitted him for the profitable
pursuit of that course.

Students are especially advised against the attempt to crowd too many
studies into their scheme of work, and are warned that admission to advanced
courses will be granted only to those who have adequate mathematical
and scientific training to profit by them. Men overloaded with
work, too great in volume or in difficulty for their powers, suffer inevitable
discouragement and incur almost certain failure.

Changes of classes with transfer of fees may be made, subject to the approval
of the Dean, within two weeks after the beginning of any term.
Thereafter such changes may be made only by special order of the Faculty,
and then without transfer of fees.

Every candidate for a degree in Engineering will be required at the beginning
of his graduating year to submit to the Dean some subject for independent
study suited to the student's especial course and aims. After such
subject has been approved by the Dean and the professor in charge, the
student will be expected to carry out for himself the necessary literary and
laboratory researches and to present his results in the form of a Graduating
Thesis. Such thesis must be typewritten on standard sheets, 8 by 10½
inches, bound in a durable stiff cover, and handed in for final approval not
later than May 25th. All necessary computations and drawings must accompany
the thesis. Serious weight will be given to this work in estimating
the student's fitness for graduation.

In the following matter describing subjects of instruction, in the various
programs of courses, and in lecture, laboratory and examination schedules,

220

these subjects of instruction are grouped into nine classes, each subject being
designated by a distinctive number for each term, the lecture and laboratory
courses being likewise differentiated.

The grouping by classes follows the arrangement shown herewith:

Mathematics	100 to 199
Physics	200 to 299
Chemistry	300 to 399
Geology and Mining	400 to 499
Mechanics	500 to 599
Drawing and Shop-work	600 to 699
Civil Engineering	700 to 799
Mechanical Engineering	800 to 899
Electrical Engineering	900 to 999

Lecture-courses are listed in the first fifty numbers of all classes;
laboratory or practice courses are listed in the second fifty numbers of all
classes.

MATHEMATICS.

Freshman Mathematics. [Page.]

9-10, M. W. F.

100. Trigonometry.

A complete course in Plane and Spherical Trigonometry is pursued
with constant drill in the solution of problems, and exercises in the use of
logarithms. (Fall.)

101. College Algebra.

The work begins with the Progressions and proceeds with the study
of the Binomial Formula, of the Convergence and Divergence of Series, and
of the Binomial, Exponential and Logarithmic Series. The study of Inequalities
and Determinants prepares for the Theory of Equations with
which the course is closed. (Winter.)

102. Analytical Geometry.

In this elementary course the study of Cartesian and Polar Coördinates
is followed by numerous exercises on the graphical representation of equations.
Special attention is given to the straight line and the representation
of the general equation of the first degree in two variables. The course
is intended to prepare for the fuller study of the Analytical Geometry of
the Conic Sections. (Spring.)

Sophomore Mathematics. [Echols.]

12-1, M. W. F.

103. Conic Sections.

This course in Analytical Geometry takes the subject up at the point
left off in Course 102 and completes the study of the conic in its particular

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and general forms; a brief examination of curves referred to polar coördinates
is then followed by the special study of a number of classical curves.
The Differential Calculus is begun and the remainder of the term spent on
exercises in differentiation of functions. (Fall.)

104. Differential Calculus.

The Differential Calculus is continued and applied to ample exercises in
the Expansion of Functions, Evaluation of Indeterminate Forms and problems
of Maximum and Minimum for functions of one variable. The method
is then applied to the Geometry of Curves, Tangencies, Curvature, Envelopes
and Curve Tracing. (Winter.)

105. Integral Calculus.

The Integral Calculus is taken up; the integral is defined, and exercises
in elementary integration prepare for the application to numerous
problems in Lengths, Areas and Volumes. When time permits a brief introduction
to ordinary differential equations will be given. (Spring.)

PHYSICS.

200-201-202. General Physics. [Hoxton.]

11-12, T. Th. S.

The elements of Mechanics, Sound, Heat, Electricity and Magnetism
and Light. Instruction is given by lectures, text-books, recitations, and
problems, with experimental demonstrations. (Fall, Winter, Spring.)

203-204. Electricity and Magnetism. [Hoxton.]

3 hours a week.

The elements of the classical mathematical theory and an introduction
to modern ideas of electricity are given. (Fall and Winter.)

250-251-252. General Physics Laboratory. [Sparrow and Assistants.]

9-11, M. W. F.

This course accompanies 200-1-2. Emphasis is laid upon those fundamental
principles and phenomena which underlie engineering problems.
Written reports of laboratory work are required. Problem work and oral
recitation on Friday. (Fall, Winter, Spring.)

253-254. Electricity and Magnetism Laboratory [Hoxton.]

3-5, T. Th.

This course accompanies 203-4. Emphasis is laid upon methods of
standardizing and experimental studies in the behavior and underlying
principles of measuring instruments and other electric apparatus. (Fall and
Winter.)

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CHEMISTRY.

300-301-302. General Chemistry. [Bird.]

10-11, T. Th. S.

The fundamental principles and phenomena of inorganic, organic and
physical chemistry are discussed, and the foundations of analytical chemistry
are dealt with at appropriate places. Most of the time is devoted to
inorganic phenomena. No previous study of chemistry is demanded. (Fall,
Winter, Spring.)

303-304-305. Physical Chemistry. [Edgar.]

11-12, M. W. F.

Some knowledge of the calculus is required, and previous work in
Physics is desirable. This course will include work upon such topics as the
gas laws, kinetic theory of gases, the properties of dilute solutions, osmotic
pressure, the determination of molecular weights, mass action, reaction
velocity and equilibrium, electrolysis and electrolytic dissociation, the phase
rule, etc. General Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry prerequisite. (Fall,
Winter, Spring.)

306-307-308. Advanced Inorganic Chemistry. [Bird.]

12-1, Th. F. S.

The lectures deal with the fundamental theories and laws of chemical
action. Parallel reading in the history of Chemistry is required. See 31213-14
below. General Physical and Advanced Analytical Chemistry prerequisite.
(Fall, Winter, Spring.)

309-310-311. Organic Chemistry. [Edgar.]

9-10, M. W. F.

This course is intended to serve as an introduction to the general subject
of Organic Chemistry, including chemical synthesis and the theories
of molecular structure, as applied to the compounds of Carbon. This
course is optional, but it is recommended for those who may have sufficient
advanced standing to enable them to give the time to it. General Chemistry
prerequisite. (Fall, Winter, Spring.)

312-313-314. Advanced Organic Chemistry. [Pratt.]

3 hours a week.

During the first term some time will be devoted to a review of the historical
development of the subject, with special attention to fundamental
theories. Parallel reading will be assigned. The remainder of the year will
be devoted to an intimate study of one or more of the special phases of
Organic Chemistry, such as Dyes and Indicators, Carbohydrates, Terpenes,
Polymethylenes, Coal Tar Products, etc. Reading from the scientific journals
and reference books will be assigned.

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330-331-332. Analytical Chemistry. [Dunnington.]

10-11, T. Th. S.

The course consists of three lectures a week, throughout the session,
followed by practical experiments in the laboratory. Weekly written exercises
are required. The work is divided among the three terms as follows:
First Term; A course in Chemical manipulation, Blowpipe Analysis, Recognition
of ores, Fire Assaying of ores of Lead, Gold and Silver. Second
Term; A systematic course in Inorganic Qualitative Analysis. Third Term;
Practice in the analysis of salts, alloys and ores, and the examination of
potable water, coal, limestone, clay and so on, including some simpler quantitative
determinations. (Fall, Winter, Spring.)

333-334-335. Advanced Analytical Chemistry. [Dunnington.]

10-11, M. W. F.

The work of this course is also given in three lessons a week throughout
the session. This course is primarily one in Quantitative Analysis.
After some training in manipulation and gravimetric estimations, the class
pursues volumetric estimations and a full course in Quantitative Analysis
of minerals, ores, coal, soil, iron and steel, technical products, and so on.
Weekly written exercises are required. As the student advances in the
course he is encouraged to undertake original research and assist in its
prosecution; and in determining his fitness for graduation, work of this
kind is considered as having much weight. (Fall, Winter, Spring.)

336-337-338. Industrial Chemistry. [Dunnington.]

3-4:30, M. W. F.

This course is concerned with the applications of chemistry to the purposes
of human life. The Fall Term is devoted to the metallurgy and uses
of iron, steel, copper and all the other important metals, with the manufacture
of pottery, brick, lime, cement and explosives.

The Winter Term deals with the manufacture of acids, alkalies, salts,
fertilizers and glass, and the preparation of foods and waters.

The Spring Term considers the preparation of starch products and
flavorings, and the chemistry of dyeing, tanning, rubber, paints, lubricants,
disinfectants, lighting, heating, and refrigeration.

Weekly exercises in chemical computations are regularly required, and
a weekly written examination is held at 12-1 on Tuesday.

The collections of the University in illustration of the processes and
products of Industrial Chemistry have been procured at much expense and
pains in this country, England, France and Germany, and are extensive
and good; among the best on this side of the Atlantic.

Laboratory Courses.

350-351-352. General Chemistry. [Bird and Instructors.]

12-2, T. Th. S.

353-354-355. Physical Chemistry. [Edgar and Instructor.]

6 hours a week.

356-357-358. Advanced Inorganic Chemistry. [Bird.]

12 hours a week.

359-360-361. Organic Chemistry. [Edgar and Instructor.]

2-4, M. W. F.

362-363-364. Advanced Organic Chemistry. [Edgar.]

12 hours a week.

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380-381-382. Analytical Chemistry. [Dunnington and Instructor.]

9 hours a week.

383-384-385. Advanced Analytical Chemistry. [Dunnington and Instructor.]

12 hours a week.

The Chemical Journal Club meets every other Thursday from 11 a. m.
to 12 m. in Professor Bird's lecture-room, for the critical review and discussion
of various topics of interest in current chemical literature, and of such
chemical researches as may be in progress in the university.

GEOLOGY AND MINING.

400-401-402. Engineering Geology. [Watson.]

1-2, M. T. W.

A course of three lectures a week and three hours for private study.
Special emphasis is given to the study of common rock-forming minerals
and rocks, building stones and ores. The divisions of Dynamical, Structural
and Physiographical Geology are covered in considerable detail,
and the practical applications of the topics treated to engineering work are
pointed out. (Fall, Winter, Spring.)

403-404-405. Economic Geology. [Watson.]

12-1, M. T. W.

This course is designed to give a general but comprehensive account
of the origin, nature, distribution and uses of the metallic and non-metallic
products of the earth with especial reference to those of the United States.
Lectures and collateral reading six hours a week. (Fall, Winter, Spring.)

406-407.—Petrography. [Cline.]

This course aims to give a full knowledge of the determination of the
common rock-forming minerals and rocks in thin sections under the microscope.
It includes discussion of the microscopic structure, mineralogical
composition, genetic relations, and distribution of igneous, sedimentary,
and metamorphic rocks. Lectures, and preparation to the amount of nine
hours per week. (Winter, Spring.)

420-421-422. Mining. [Thornton.]

9-10, Th. F. S.

Exploitation of mines, mining machinery and the uses of electricity
in mining. (Fall, Winter, Spring.)

Laboratory Courses.

450-451-452. Engineering Geology. [Cline.]

6 hours a week.

453-454-455. Economic Geology. [Watson.]

6 hours a week.

456-457. Petrography. [Watson and Cline.]

9 hours a week.

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MECHANICS.

Freshman and Sophomore Mathematics and General Physics are prerequisite.
Free use is made of analytical geometry and the calculus;
unprepared students will not be registered for these courses.

Theoretical Mechanics. [Thornton.]

10-11, M. W. F.

500. Statics and Elementary Dynamics.

Fundamental dynamical principles and the Newtonian laws of motion.
Statics of the material particle, of the plane lamina, and of solid bodies
in three dimensions; equilibrium of rigid bodies and of flexible cables;
friction; centers of gravity; work and energy. Uniform motion; uniformly
varied motion; projectile motion; simple harmonic motion; pendulum motion.
Elementary dynamics of Rotation. (Fall.)

501. Dynamics of a Particle.

More advanced treatment of the dynamics of a particle. Rectilinear
motion; harmonic motion; meteoric motion; pendulum motion; planetary
motion; motion in a resisting medium; oscillatory motion. (Winter.)

502. Dynamics of a Rigid Body.

General equations for the motion of a rigid body; moments of inertia;
motions of rigid bodies about fixed axes, parallel to fixed planes, and
around fixed points; the compound pendulum; the top; balancing of engines.
(Spring.)

Junior Applied Mechanics. [Thornton.]

9-10, M. T. W.

503. Strength of Materials.

Fundamental laws of stress and strain; experimental methods for the
determination of the strength and elasticity of elastic solids; ties and
struts; beams of constant and varied sections; beam deflections by both
direct and accelerated methods; columns under both axial and eccentric
loads; struts and ties under lateral loads; reinforced concrete slabs and
beams. (Fall.)

504. Hydrostatics and Hydraulics.

Fundamental laws of the equilibrium of fluids; strength and stability
of tanks, boiler shells, thick pipes, reservoir walls, lock walls, and dams.
Elementary principles of the motion of fluids; efflux from orifices; discharge
over weirs; flow in pipes and canals; gauging the flow of water in natural
and artificial channels. (Winter.)

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505. Hydraulic Motors and Pumps.

Principles of linear and angular momentum and their applications;
water wheels; radial, axial, and mixed flow reaction turbines; impulse
turbines; centrifugal and turbine pumps, both single-stage and multi-stage;
reciprocating pumps; pumping mains; hydraulic transmission of power;
water hammer and inertia strains in hydraulic transmission lines. (Spring.)

Senior Applied Mechanics. [Thornton.]

10-11, T. Th. S.

506. Stability of Structures.

Framed structures under dead and live loads; cantilever bridges; draw
bridges; truss deflections; statically indeterminate structures; mill buildings;
cables and suspension bridges; elastic arches; masonry arches; earth pressure
and retaining walls; foundations. (Winter.)

507. Canal and River Engineering.

General laws of river flow; standard methods for gauging river flow;
problems of regulation and flood control; canalization of rivers; navigable
and irrigation canals; reservoirs and dams; locks and lock gates; weirs
and navigation passes; movable dams; hydraulic power plants; hydraulic
transmissions of power. (Spring.)

Applied Mechanics Laboratory. [Lapham.]

9-2, S.

553. Strength of Materials.

Standard tests for cement and mortar; tensile tests of wire; determination
of the modulus of elasticity for various materials; tests of the physical
properties of steel in tension, compression, torsion; transverse tests of
timber. (Fall.)

554. Lubricants.

Tests to determine viscosity, density, flash and burning points, chill
point, and coefficient of friction for various typical lubricants. (Spring.)

555. Hydraulics.

Calibration of standard orifices and weir notches; determination of the
coefficient of friction in commercial pipe and elbows; complete test of a
steam pump. (Winter.)

(Written reports following accepted engineering forms constitute an
important part of these courses.)

DRAWING.

Systematic instruction in Engineering Drawing is given through the
Freshman and Sophomore years. The student is carefully trained in the
technique of good draftsmanship. Especial attention is paid to free-hand

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lettering. The importance of neatness, accuracy, clearness and completeness
is constantly impressed upon the student's mind. Frequent exercises
in tracing and blue printing are required. As the student advances in the
course he is taught more and more to use the graphical method not merely
as a means of representation, but as an instrument of research both in
Geometry and in Mechanics. To the Junior and Senior students are
assigned by their respective professors such further drawings as are needed
for the full development of the courses of instruction.

Freshman Drawing: Lecture Courses.

11-12, T. Th. S.

600. Practical Geometry. [Thornton.]

This course presupposes good high-school training in plane and solid
geometry and in the rudiments of plane trigonometry. It embraces a
review and extension of the fundamental problems of plane geometry with
applications to the mensuration of rectilinear and curvilinear figures; an
elementary study of the conic sections and of the methods of constructing
these curves; the orthographic projection of polyhedra and of the three
round bodies in erect and oblique positions; sections of curved surfaces by
planes and intersections; the mensuration of solids and Simpson's rule;
the graphical solution of equations; and the theory and use of the Polar
Planimeter. (Fall.)

601. Machine Construction. [Hancock.]

A study of the hand and machine tools in the wood and machine shops,
involving careful investigation of their functions, construction, and operation;
free-hand sketching of machine parts; elementary problems in the
computation of shafting, belting, rope drives, toothed gears, etc. Illustrative
and descriptive lectures are given and a large number of questions and problems
are assigned the student to guide him in the study of each machine.
(Spring.)

Freshman Drawing: Practice Courses. [Hancock and Assistant.]

Each student executes one finished plate 15″ by 20″ weekly. These
plates are drawn under the supervision of the assistant instructor and
must be neatly finished, lettered and dimensioned. Every student is required
to make tracings and blue prints of a certain number of his own
plates.

650. Mechanical Drawing.

11-2, M. W.

This course embraces careful training in technique, assiduous practice
in lettering, and the graphical solution in the weekly plates of a series of
carefully selected problems in practical plane and solid geometry, and in
graphical algebra and trigonometry. (Fall.)

651. Machine Drawing.

11-2, M. W.

Carefully constructed and finished plates consisting of detailed working
drawings of machine parts. The drawings are made, in part, from

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free-hand sketches from the machine itself, and, in part from designs and
specifications worked out by the student. (Winter.)

652. Topographical Drawing.

11-2, M. W.

In this course the conventional methods of making topographical maps
are carefully taught. Each student is required to become reasonably proficient
in the preparation of such maps. Particular attention is paid to
the study of contoured plans and the solution of problems based on them.
The associated lecture and field courses are 700 and 750. (Spring.)

Sophomore Drawing: Lecture Courses.

11-12, M. W. F.

603. Graphical Statics. [Thornton.]

The necessary preparation is such knowledge of experimental mechanics
as is given in Physics, 200. The theory and use of graphical
methods in mechanics are carefully taught and illustrated by means of
problems in the composition and resolution of forces and moments.
Applications follow to the determination by graphical methods of centers
of gravity, and moments of inertia, to the construction of strain sheets
for the simpler forms of roof and bridge trusses, to the study of the stability
of dams and walls, and to the calculation of internal stress in
girders, and beam deflections. (Fall.)

605. Structural Design. [Thornton.]

The methods developed in the course on Graphical Statics are applied
to the analysis and design of simple beam bridges; of reinforced concrete
slabs and beams; of plate girders; of retaining walls for earth; and of
simple types of framed structures. Special attention is given to the
structures important in Highway Engineering. (Winter.)

604. Descriptive Geometry. [Thornton.]

The fundamental problems on the point, line, and plane are carefully
studied, with applications to the construction of shadows on polyhedra and
to the graphical statics of force-systems in three dimensions. The projections,
tangencies, sections, and intersections of curved surfaces are then
taken up, with applications to the determination of shades and shadows on
such surfaces. The course concludes with an elementary theory of linear
perspective. (Spring.)

Sophomore Drawing: Practice Courses. [Thornton and Assistant.]

The work of the course is the execution each week of a plate 15″ by
20″, under the direction of a competent instructor. The problems assigned
are such as serve to illustrate the topics discussed in the associated
lecture-courses and develop power in the use of graphical methods. Each
student is required also to trace a certain number of his plates, to make

229

blue prints from his tracings, and to use the planimeter for the mensuration
of areas and volumes bounded by curved lines and surfaces. 12-2, T. Th. S.

653. Graphical Statics.

Fall.

655. Structural Drawing.

Winter.

654. Descriptive Geometry.

Spring.

SHOP-WORK.

Shop Instruction is given for its educational value. The purpose of
this Department is to train engineers, not artisans; and the claims of
the shops are not permitted to infringe on the truly vital functions of the
laboratories, the drafting rooms, and the lectures. [Hancock and Assistants.]

660. Freshman Wood Shop.

3 hours a week.

Bench exercises in sawing, planing, boring, chiseling, tool sharpening.

Lathe exercises in turning between centers and on a face plate.

Machine tool exercises in the production of useful articles. (Fall.)

661. Freshman Machine Shop.

3 hours a week.

Bench exercises in chipping and filing.

Engine lathe exercises in turning, boring, and thread cutting.

Machine tool exercises in drilling, planing, shaping, and milling. (Winter.)

Courses 660, 661 are required of all students in engineering.

662. Junior Machine Shop.

6 hours a week.

Bench and machine-tool work in the construction of articles of commercial
value. An extension of 661. (Fall.)

663. Pattern Making; Foundry; Forge Shop.

6 hours a week.

Simple solid and split patterns and core boxes; core making, moulding,
and casting; exercises in forging iron and steel; forging and tempering
center punches, cold chisels, lathe and planer tools. (Spring.)

Courses 662, 663 are required of students of Mechanical and Electrical
Engineering.

664. Senior Machine Shop.

12 hours a week.

A continuation of the Junior course (662). More intricate and complicated
pieces are constructed and a broader understanding and improved
technique are developed. (Winter.)

Course 664 is required of students of Mechanical Engineering only.

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CIVIL ENGINEERING.

700. Plane Surveying. [Newcomb.]

11-12, T. Th. S.

Lectures on the theory, uses, and adjustments of the Compass, Level,
Transit, and Stadia; the Computations of Surveying; the methods and
proper conduct of Land, Mine, City, Topographic, and Hydrographic Surveys.
Practical class exercises illustrating the subject matter of the lectures
are assigned to the students throughout the entire course. (Winter.)

701. Curves and Earthwork. [Newcomb.]

9-10, Th. F. S.

Lectures on Simple, Compound, Transition and Vertical Curves; the
form of Excavations and Embankments, Earthwork Surveys, Computation
of Volumes, Formation of Embankments, Computation of Haul, Cost of
Earthwork, Blasting. Practical exercises in Map Drawing and Topography.
(Fall.)

702. Railroad Engineering. [Newcomb.]

9-10, Th. F. S.

Lectures on Reconnoissance and Preliminary Surveys, Office Location,
Field Location; the construction, maintenance and operation of Railroads.
Special attention is given to questions of Economics which arise in the
location, construction and operation of Railroads. (Spring.)

703. Roads; Streets; Street Railways. [Newcomb.]

9-10, Th. F. S.

Lectures on the Principles of Road Location; the Construction and
Maintenance of Earth Roads, Broken Stone Roads, Gravel Roads; the
pavements for City Streets and Sidewalks; the Location and Construction
of Street Railways. (Winter.)

704. Masonry Construction. [Newcomb.]

1-2, Th. F. S.

Lectures on the Materials of Construction; Foundations; the design
and construction of Dams, Retaining Walls, Bridge Piers and Abutments,
Culverts, Arches; The Theory of Reinforced Concrete; the design and construction
of the simpler Reinforced Concrete Structures. Practical exercises
in the design of Masonry Structures and Structural Drawing. (Fall.)

705. Short Span Bridges. [Newcomb.]

1-2, Th. F. S.

Lectures on the design and construction of standard types of Steel and
Timber Bridges. (Winter.)

706. Long Span Bridges. [Newcomb.]

1-2, Th. F. S.

Lectures on the design and construction of the more intricate Single
Span Trusses, Cantilever Bridges, Steel Arches, Continuous Girders, and
Swing Bridges. (Spring.)

231

707. Waterworks and Sewers. [Newcomb.]

12-1, Th. F. S.

Lectures on the quality, sources, collection, conveyance, purification,
and distribution of City Water Supplies; the laws of flow in pipe lines
and aqueducts; the drainage of houses and streets; the collection and
conveyance of sewage; the disposal of sewage; the construction and maintenance
of works. Practical exercises in the design of pipe lines and
sewers. (Fall.)

708. Reinforced Concrete. [Newcomb.]

12-1, Th. F. S.

This course supplements course 704, Masonry Construction, and extends
throughout the Winter Term of the Senior Year. Lectures on the
Theory of Reinforced Concrete, the Design and Construction of selected
types of Reinforced Concrete structures. Practical exercises in the design
of Reinforced Concrete structures, and Structural Drawing. (Winter.)

750. Field Surveying. [Newcomb and Assistants.]

9 hours a week.

This course supplements 700. The student is required to spend three
afternoons a week throughout the Spring Term in Field Surveying and
Plotting. He is taught the use of the Chain, Tape, Compass, Level, Transit,
Stadia, and Plane Table. The work in the drawing-room (course 652)
consists in making Computations, Scale Drawings, Profiles, and Contour
Maps from notes taken in the field. (Spring.)

751. Railroad Surveying. [Newcomb and Assistants.]

9 hours a week.

This course supplements 701, Curves and Earthwork, and extends
three afternoons a week throughout the Fall Term of the Junior Year.
The class is divided into squads, each squad making complete Surveys,
Maps, Profiles, and Estimates for a mile of located line. (Fall.)

753. Road Material Testing. [Newcomb, Edgar, and Assistants.]

Laboratory tests are made of both non-bituminous and bituminous
road materials. Broken stone, gravel, and slag are tested for specific
gravity, absorption, cementing power, toughness, and resistance to abrasion.
Bricks and paving blocks are submitted to the standard rattler
tests and absorption tests. Crude petroleums, bituminous emulsions, road
oils, asphalts, tars, and bituminous aggregates are investigated with relation
to the properties important for highway construction. (Winter.)

755. Bridge Drafting. [Newcomb.]

12 hours a week.

This course accompanies 705, Short Span Bridges. Each student is
required to make complete design and detail drawings of one plate girder,
and one selected type of short span bridge truss. (Winter.)

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756. Bridge Drafting. [Newcomb.]

12 hours a week.

This course accompanies 706, Long Span Bridges. Each student is
required to prepare stress sheets and drawings for selected types of long
span bridges. (Spring.)

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING.

800. Elementary Steam Engineering. [Hancock.]

1-2, Th. F. S.

A study of the commercial fuels, the determination of heating values
and methods of burning the same for the production of power; of the
properties of steam and methods of and instruments for measuring pressure,
temperature, and humidity; of the function, construction, and operation
of steam boilers, superheaters, economizers, feed water heaters, and
condensers; an introduction to the study of the steam engine, steam turbine,
feed pump, and injector. Problems are assigned each week illustrating
the principles treated in these studies. (Fall.)

801. Steam Power Plants. [Hancock.]

1-2, Th. F. S.

The selection and arrangement of steam apparatus for the production
of power and the design of piping systems; the cost of power and the
economics of power plant design and operation. Problems and designs for
private solution. (Winter.)

802. Machine Design. [Hancock.]

1-2, Th. F. S.

Straining actions in machine elements; friction, lubrication, and efficiency;
riveted fastenings, screws and screw fastenings; keys, cotters, and
forced fits; axles, shafting and couplings, journals and bearings; belt and
rope transmissions; toothed gearing, spur, and bevel wheels. Problems
for private solution involving analysis and design of machine elements
are assigned each week. (Spring.)

803. Internal Combustion Engines. [Hancock.]

9-10, Th. F. S.

A study of the thermal problems of internal combustion engines, gas
producers, air compressors and motors, hot air engines, etc.,—all the
familiar heat motors using gases as the vehicle for the transfer of heat.
Weekly exercises and problems. (Fall.)

804. Steam Engines and Turbines. [Hancock.]

9-10, Th. F. S.

A study of the thermal problems of steam engines and turbines, refrigeration,
etc.,—the familiar apparatus in which vapors serve as the vehicle
for the transfer of heat. Weekly problems and exercises. (Winter.)

805. Engine Design. [Hancock.]

9-10, Th. F. S.

A study of the mechanical problems involved in the design of engines,
motors, etc., which have been studied in the two previous courses. Inertia
effects, stresses in and strength of parts, balancing, governing, etc. Weekly
exercises and problems. (Spring.)

233

896. Kinematics of Machines. [Hancock.]

11-12, Th. F. S.

A study in familiar machines of the applications of plane, spheric,
and screw motions. The course is largely devoted to valves and valve
gears, straight line motions, cams, toothed wheels, and screw gears.
Graphic methods for the solution of problems are employed and the work
is almost wholly on the drawing board, where finished plates are produced.
(Fall.)

807. Locomotive Engineering. [Hancock.]

11-12, Th. F. S.

A study of the locomotive as an important type of steam power plant;
one in which there are problems of acute interest, many unsolved, and
which are receiving a large share of attention from engineers. The course
is meant to study the locomotive as it is now and to outline in a measure,
some of its deficiencies and its possibilities. The problems of inertia
effects, balancing, tractive force, track and train resistances, hauling capacity,
etc., are treated in lectures; a clear physical conception is gained by
careful examination and study of the machine itself, and for a knowledge
of its history and present development general reading and reports are
required. (Winter.)

850. Steam Laboratory. [Lapham.]

3-6, T. Th.

Calibration and adjustment of gages; calibration of thermometers and
indicator springs; study and calibration of planimeters; steam quality tests
with various calorimeters; slide valve setting; efficiency test of a steam turbine;
mechanical and thermal efficency tests of steam and gasoline engines;
boiler and plant test. Written reports are required for each test. These
include a description, carbon copies of original data sheets, sketches, curves,
and a comparison of results obtained with those of similar tests in the reference
library. The preparation of clear and accurate engineering reports is
considered an essential part of this course. (Fall.)

860.—Inspection. [Hancock.]

In this course a systematic effort is made to utilize all the industrial
equipment within easy reach for the purpose of illustration and study.
Inspection tours are also arranged from time to time, and serious study
and investigation are made. This work constitutes an interesting and
valuable part of the instruction in mechanical engineering.

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING.

900. Elements of Electrical Engineering. [Roman.]

9-10, Th. F. S.

Lectures treating fundamental principles of Electrical Engineering.
Free use of the calculus is made in this course. Basic ideas and fundamental
units are discussed; magnetic circuits and continuous electric currents
treated in detail; electromagnetism carefully studied. Special attention

234

is given to the physical conceptions involved and numerous assigned
problems exemplify and broaden the theoretical conceptions. The whole
course is introductory to the detailed study of electrical apparatus and
machines. (Fall.)

901. Direct Current Machines. [Rodman.]

9-10, Th. F. S.

Lectures on the theory, construction, characteristics, and operation
of Direct Current Generators and Motors and the accessory apparatus
required for the proper management and control of these machines. The
principles of testing such machines are carefully discussed. A brief treatment
of the theory, construction, and operation of Storage Batteries and
auxiliary devices concludes the term. Problems illustrating the methods
of calculation involved in continuous current circuits and practical examples
from standard engineering practice form an important part of the
work. (Winter.)

902. Periodic Currents. [Rodman.]

9-10, Th. F. S.

Lectures on electrostatic phenomena, variable currents, alternating
currents, and alternating current circuits both single and polyphase. A
careful study is made of circuits with periodic currents and their characteristics
when resistance, inductive reactance and capacity reactance are
present in their various combinations. Extensive problem work is required
to facilitate the treatment of simple and complex circuits. Free use is
made of vector and symbolic notations and of graphical solutions; while
standard nomenclature is carefully discussed. Special efforts are made
to keep the physical conceptions prominent while the value of mathematics
as a tool is emphasized. (Spring.)

903. Alternating Current Machinery. [Rodman.]

11-12, Th. F. S.

Lectures on the theory, construction, characteristics, and operation of
Alternating Current Generators, Synchronous Motors, Rotary Converters,
and Transformers. These machines are considered as units and as integral
parts of electrical systems. Graphical diagrams are made use of as offering
the most readily comprehensible treatment of the complex relations
existing in alternating current machinery. The principles of testing such
apparatus under various conditions of loading are discussed and assigned
problem work illustrates the theory and practice. (Fall.)

904. Alternating Current Machinery. [Rodman.]

11-12, Th. F. S.

This course is a continuation of 903. The lectures treat more particularly
Alternating Current Motors, induction, series and repulsion types,
with their characteristics and control apparatus. Methods of testing are
outlined and graphical methods of calculation and predetermination of
operating characteristics are discussed. Problems taken from engineering
practice serve to broaden and fix the theoretical deductions. (Winter.)

235

905. Electric Power Transmission. [Rodman.]

11-12, Th. F. S.

Lectures on systems of transmission and distribution, with a detailed
consideration of the electrical characteristics of transmission lines; the
electrical equipment of stations and sub-stations, including generating
apparatus, switchboards, control systems and protective devices; systems
of transformation and the economic considerations which influence the
design of the complete electrical system. (Spring.)

906. Illumination and Photometry. [Rodman.]

12-1, Th. F. S.

Lectures on light, its physical properties; illuminants and their characteristics;
shades and reflectors; photometry, standards and apparatus;
illumination calculations for point and surface sources; principles of interior,
exterior, decorative, and scenic illumination. Problem work illustrating
computations necessary for the consideration of the Illuminating
Engineer are assigned. (Fall.)

907. Electric Traction. [Rodman.]

Lectures on the various types of electric motors for traction purposes,
controllers and systems of control, brakes, rolling stock, track, train performance,
and electric railway economics. A discussion of the complete
electrification system for electric railways, including generating apparatus,
transmission, sub-stations and equipment, distribution, and utilization
of electrical energy for car propulsion. Problem work dealing with
the fundamental considerations necessary for the solution of traction problems
is required. After February first, three extra periods a week are
devoted to this course. (Winter.)

908. Electrical Systems. [Rodman.]

10-11, Th. F. S.

Lectures dealing with the fundamentals of electrical circuits and machines;
utilization of electricity as a motive power in industrial activities.
Followed by a more detailed discussion of the types of power stations and
structures utilized in electrical systems; railway construction and line
structures treated with relation to their layout and design; mechanical
characteristics of complete electrical systems. This course gives a general
survey of the electrical field more particularly for the students of Civil
Engineering. (Fall.)

950. Direct Current Laboratory. [Rodman and Instructor.]

3-5, T. Th.

This course supplements 900-1. The laboratory work is devoted to a
study of electrical instruments, their use and manipulation; simple electrical
circuits and study of direct current apparatus and its operation;
characteristics of generators and motors. (Winter.)

951. Direct Current Laboratory. [Rodman and In:tructor.]

3-5, M. W.

This course supplements 950. It is concerned with some of the more
detailed and special tests of direct current apparatus and serves to broaden
the field presented in 950. (Winter.)

236

952. Direct Current Laboratory. [Rodman and Instructor.]

3-5, T. Th.

A continuation of 950-1. The work is devoted to those direct current
tests in which machines are grouped and with such tests as opposition
tests for efficiency, parallel running of generators and the complete electrical
power plant. (Spring.)

953. Alternating Current Laboratory. [Rodman.]

10-2, M.

This course supplements 902-3. The first part of the course deals
with measuring instruments for alternating current circuits; series and
parallel circuits and their characteristics; polyphase circuits, balanced
and unbalanced. Study of alternating current generator characteristics is
begun. (Fall.)

954. Alternating Current Laboratory. [Rodman.]

10-2, M.

A continuation of 953. Generator and synchronous motor characteristics
and operation are continued and the regulation transformer tests
carried out. (Winter.)

955. Alternating Current Laboratory. [Rodman.]

10-2, M.

A continuation of 953-4. Alternating current machinery in group
relations; parallel running of alternators and the complex tests on alternating
current machinery are studied. (Spring.)

956. Photometrical Laboratory. [Rodman.]

10-1, W.

This course accompanies 906. Photometric tests are made upon different
types of incandescent lamps. The operating characteristics of incandescent
and arc lamps are studied. Tests of illumination, interior and
exterior, are carried out. Study of photometric standards and devices.
(Fall.)

957. Alternating Current Laboratory. [Rodman.]

10-1, W.

A course supplementing 954. Alternating current motors are tested
and their characteristics determined. Experimental results are compared
with those graphically obtained by means of the circle diagram; and the
general behavior of various types of alternating current motors, single and
polyphase, are studied. (Winter.)

The University of Virginia branch of the American Institute of Electrical
Engineers holds regular meetings for the discussion of periodical
literature and the exposition by resident and visiting engineers of present-day
problems in Electrical Engineering.

237

LECTURE HOURS AND LABORATORY PERIODS.

SCHEDULE.

	Subject	Lecture Hours	Laboratory Periods	Examination Days
Freshman	Mathematics 100-1-2	M. W. F. 9		II
	Chemistry 300-1-2	T. Th. S. 10	T. Th. S. 12-2	V
	Drawing 600-700-601	T. Th. S. 11	M. W. 11-2	IX
	Shop 660-1-x		Th. F. 3-6
	Field x-x-750		Th. F. S. 3-6
Sophomore	Mathematics 103-4-5	M. W. F. 12		III
	Physics 200-1-2	T. Th. S. 11	M. W. F. 9-11	VI
	Drawing 603-5-4	M. W. F. 11	T. Th. S. 12-2	VIII
	Civil 701-3-2	Th. F. S. 9		I
	Mechanical 800-1-2	Th. F. S. 1		I
	Chemistry 330-1-2	T. Th. S. 10	9 hours a week	V
Junior	Mechanics 500-1-2	M. W. F. 10		I
	Mechanics 503-4-5	M. T. W. 9	S. 9-2	X
	Civil 704-5-6	Th. F. S. 1		V
	Electrical 900-1-2	Th. F. S. 9	M. T. W. Th. 3-5	IV
	Chemistry 333-4-5	M. W. F. 10	12 hours a week	I
	Chemistry 303-4-5	M. W. F. 11	6 hours a week	X
	Mechanical 850-x-x		T. Th. 3-6
	Shop 662-x-3		M. W. 3-6
	Field 751-x-x		Daily 3-6
	Drawing 75x-5-6		12 hours a week
Senior	Mechanics 50x-6-7	T. Th. S. 10		V
	Geology 400-1-2	M. T. W. 1	M. W. 10-1	IX
	Geology 403-4-5	M. T. W. 12	6 hours a week	VII
	Geology 40x-6-7	By appointment	9 hours a week	VII
	Mining 420-1-2	Th. F. S. 9		II
	Civil 707-8-x	Th. F. S. 12		II
	Mechanical 803-4-5	Th. F. S. 9		VIII
	Mechanical 806-7-x	Th. F. S. 11		II
	Electrical 903-4-5	Th. F. S. 11	M. 10-2	VI
	Electrical 906-7-x	Th. F. S. 12	W. 10-1	II
	Electrical 908-x-x	Th. F. S. 10		V
	Physics 203-4-x	By appointment	T. Th. 3-5	IV
	Chemistry 306-7-8	T. Th. S. 12	12 hours a week	II
	Chemistry 336-7-8	M. W. F. 3	T. 12-1	VII
	Shop 66x-4-x		12 hours a week

The student is warned to adhere strictly to the regular programmes,
or else to select his courses so as to avoid conflicts of lecture hours, laboratory
periods, and examination days. The Faculty declines to accept any
responsibility for conflicts, unless the same have been authorized in advance
by a special vote of the Faculty.

For the session 1916-17 the initial examination days are 12 Dec.,
19 Mar., 28 May.

PROGRAM OF STUDY FOR DEGREES IN ENGINEERING.

	Civil Engineering	Menchinical Engineering	Electrical Engineering	Chemical Engineering	Mining Engineering
Freshman	Math. 100-1-2	Math. 100-1-2	Math. 100-1-2	Math. 100-1-2	Math. 100-1-2
	Chem.[13] 300-1-2	Chem.[14] 300-1-2	Chem.[15] 300-1-2	Chem.[16] 300-1-2	Chem.[17] 300-1-2
	Draw.[18] 600-700-601	Draw.[19] 600-700-601	Draw.[20] 600-700-601	Draw.[21] 600-700-601	Draw.[22] 600-700-601
	Shop 660-1-x	Shop 660-1-x	Shop 660-1-x	Shop 660-1-x	Shop 660-1-x
	Field x-x-750	Field x-x-750	Field x-x-750	Field x-x-750	Field x-x-750
Sophomore	Math. 103-4-5	Math. 103-4-5	Math. 103-4-5	Math. 103-4-5	Math. 103-4-5
	Phys.[23] 200-1-2	Phys.[24] 200-1-2	Phys.[25] 200-1-2	Phys.[26] 200-1-2	Phys.[27] 200-1-2
	Draw.[28] 603-4-5	Draw.[29] 603-4-5	Draw.[30] 603-4-5	Draw.[31] 603-4-5	Draw.[32] 603-4-5
	Engin. 701-2-3	Engin. 800-1-2	Engin. 800-1-2	Chem.[33] 330-1-2	Engin. 800-1-2
Junior	Mechs. 500-1-2	Mechs. 500-1-2	Mechs. 500-1-2	Chem.[34] 333-4-5	Mechs. 500-4-5
	Mechs.[35] 503-4-5	Mechs.[36] 503-4-5	Mechs.[37] 503-4-5	Chem.[38] 303-4-5	Geol.[39] 400-1-2
	Engin. 704-5-6	Engin.[40] 900-1-2	Engin. 900-1-2	Engin. 800-1-2	Geol.[41] 40x-6-7
	Field 751	Engin. 850	Engin. 850	Engin.[42] 900-1-2	Engin. 701
		Shop 662-3	Shop 662-3	Engin. 850-950-952	Engin. 850-950-952
					Engin. 908
	Draw. 755-6				Field 751
Senior	Chem. 336	Chem. 336	Chem. 336	Chem. 336-7-8	Chem.[43] 330-1-2
	Mechs. 506-7	Mechs. 506-7	Mechs. 506-7	Mechs. 500-504-505	Chem. 336
	Geol.[44] 400-1-2	Engin. 803-4-5	Engin.[45] 903-4-5	Mechs. 553-4-5	Mechs. 553-4-5
	Engin. 707-8	Engin. 806-7	Engin.[46] 906-7	Geol.[47] 400-1-2	Geol.[48] 403-4-5
	Engin. 800-1	Engin. 704	Engin. 860	Chem.[49] 306-7-8	Mining 420-1-2
	Engin. 908	Engin. 860	Phys.[50] 203-4
	Thesis	Shop 664	Thesis
		Thesis

239

Upon the completion of the four years' course as defined in any one
of the Programs of Study and the presentation of an acceptable graduating
thesis, the Faculty will award to any student in regular and honorable
standing the appropriate Degree of Civil Engineer, Mechanical Engineer,
Electrical Engineer, Chemical Engineer, or Mining Engineer. In each
program will be found the Topics of Study for the several years. The hours
for lectures and laboratory exercises and the dates for the examinations are
given in the Schedule.

The student who adheres strictly to any one of the above programs
will escape all conflicts of lecture hours, laboratory periods, and
examination days.

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