5. On Mutual Confusions in Position
The situation of mutual confusions in position causes
disturbances. Therefore, the enlightened sovereign takes
precautions against it. For this reason, Li-chi of Chin killed
Shên-shêng; the Mistress of Chêng used poisonous drugs;
Chou Hsü of Wei murdered his Ruler, Yüan; Prince Kên
occupied Eastern Chou; Prince Chih enjoyed His Majesty's
exceeding favour, wherefore Shang-ch`ên actually caused a
disturbance; Yen Sui and Han K`uei rivalled each other,
wherefore Duke Ai encountered rebels; T`ien Ch`ang and
Kan Chih, Tai Huan and Huang Hsi, were enemies, wherefore
Duke Chien of Ch'i and the Ruler of Sung were
respectively murdered. The saying is based on Hu T`u's talk
on the two kinds of fondness on the part of the sovereign and
on Chêng Chao's reply that the heir apparent was not yet
born.
