 | The Psychology of Revolution |  |
INDEX
(Names of Historians, etc., cited in italics.)
- ABSOLUTE MONARCHY, the, 137
- Acceleration of forces of violence, 119-20
- Administrations, real ruling forces, 39
- Affective logic, 15, 24-6, 168
- Affirmation, power of, 39
- Alexander I of Russia, 107
- Alsace loss of, 51
- Ambition, as a motive of revolution, 82
- Anarchy, followed by dictatorship, 73;
- mental, 147-57
- Ancestral soul, 105 6
- Ancien régime, bases of the, 137; inconveniences of, 138-41; life under,
- 141-4; dissolution of, 170 82
- Ancients, Council of, 210
- Anti-clerical laws, 31
- Armies, of the Republic, 191; character
- of, 191-2; victories of, 209,
- 224-7, causes of success, 227-31
- Army, role of, in revolution, 29, 30;
- in 1789, 152
- Assemblies, the Revolutionary, 24;
- psychology of, 113-20; obedient to
- the clubs, 117, 145; 326-7; see
- National, Constituent, Legislative
- Assemblies, Convention, &c.
- Assignats, 129-31
- Augustine, St., 38
- Aulard, M., 67-9, 79, 112, 125-6, 131, 192-3
- Austria, revolution in, 49; royalist illusions as to her attitude, 179; attacks the Republic, 225-6
- BALFOUR, RT. HON. A. J., on coal strike, 321-2
- Barras, 211, 241
- Barrère, 201, 221
- Bartholomew, St., Massacre of, 43-4; European rejoicing over, 44-5
- Bastille, taking of the, 145, 173-4, 189
- Battifol, M., 43
- Bayle, P, 53-4
- Beaulieu, Edict of, 45
- Bedouin, executions at, 218
- Belgium, invasion of, 226
- Beliefs, affective and mystic origin of, 26; intolerance of, 27; justification of, 47-8; intolerance greatest between allied beliefs, 194 ; 277-8; intolerance of democratic and socialistic beliefs, 300 6; 316
- Berquin, executed by Sorbonne, 137-8
- Berry, Duchess de, 282
- Billaud-Varenne, 16, 188, 239, 247-g
- Bismarck, 58
- Blanc, Louis, 282
- Blois, States of, 43
- Bonaparte, see Napoleon
- Bonnal, General, 50 1
- Bossuet, 46, 127, 148
- Bourdeau, M., 305
- Bourgeoisie, their jealousy of the nobles causes the Revolution, 83; their thirst for revenge, 139-41; the real authors of the Revolution, 144; philosophic ideas of, 156
- Brazilian Revolution, the, 28, 64
- Britanny, revolt in, 52
- Broglie, de, 173
- Brumaire, coup d'état of, 261, 273
- Brunswick, Duke of, his manifesto, 185
- Buddhism, 28
- Bureaucracy in France, 58, 322-5
- CÆSAR, on division amid the Gauls, 80
- Cæsarism, 73, 78
- Cæsars follow anarchy and dominate mobs, 73
- Cahiers, the, 143
- Calvin, 35-7; compared to Robespierre, 39, 40
- Carnot, 68, 224
- Carrier, 42, 83, 194; crimes of, and trial, 218-19, 235
- Catechism of the Scottish Presbyterians, 38
- Catherine de Medicis, 41-3
- Catholic League, 45
- Cavaignac, General, 284
- Chalandon, 203
- Champ-de-Mars, affair of the, 180
- Charles IX, 43
- Charles X, 49, 50, 67, 281-3
- China, revolution in, 28, 55 6
- Chinese labour, 317-18
- Christian Revolution, the, 30
- Christians, mutual hatred of, 39-41
- Church, confiscation of goods of the, 177
- Civil War, 206
- Clemenceau, M., 70
- Clergy, 140; civil constitution of, 182
- Clubs, the, 24-psychology of the 116 19-obeyed by the Assemblies 117; closed, 117; increasing power of the, 180-1 202; see Jacobins
- Coalition, the, 184, 280
- Cochin, A., 67, 125-6
- Colin, M., 80 1
- Collective ideas, 114; collective logic, 15, 24-6, 168
- Collot d'Herbois, 234
- Commissaries of the Convention, psychology of, 234-8
- Committees, the Governmental, 117-18, 207-8
- Commune of Paris, the, 181; in insurrection, 185; chief power in State 187; orders massacre of September 188; 202; tyranny of, 203-4
- Commune of 1871, 79, 80, 117
- Communes, the revolutionary, 116
- Comte, A., 290 1
- Concordat, the, 271-2
- Condorcet, 161
- Constituent Assembly, the, 114, 130; psychology of the, 172; its fear of the people, 175; temporarily resists the people, 180; loses power, 180; its last action, 181
- Constitution of 1791, 181; of 1793 207; of 1795, 207, 210; of the year VIII, 267-70
- Constitutions, faith in, 176
- Constraints, social, necessity of, 77, 329
- Consulate, the, 205
- Contagion, mental, 39; causes of, 49; 52; in crowds, 104
- Contrat Social, the, 155
- Convention, giants of the, 20; 31, 42, 88; inconsistency of, 114; decimates itself, 115, 132, 136; psychology of the, 190-3; cowardice of, 193; mental characteristics of, 197; composition of, 198; fear in the, 200; besieged by the Commune, 203; surrenders Girondists, 203; Government of the, 205-12; abolishes royalty, 205, dissolved, 209
- Council of State, 268
- Couthon, 88, 188, 217
- Criminal mentality, 99
- Cromwell, 199
- Crowd, Psychology of the, 14
- Crowds in the French Revolution 100-1; 102-13; 118-20
- Cruppi, M., 311
- Cuba, 63
- Cunisset-Carnot, 237
- Currency, paper, 31
- DANTON, 67-8, 177, 192, 217, 238-9
- Darwin, Charles, 26, 99
- Dausset, M., 366 “Days,” of June 20, Aug. 10, May 31, June 2, 69; of June 20, 184; of Aug. 10, 185; of June 2, 203; of Oct. 5, 210
- Debidour, M., 64, 131
- Declaration of Rights, the, 156, 162-3, 177
- Democracy, 153-5; intellectual and popular, 293-6
- Departmental insurrections, 206-7, 228-9
- Desmoulins, Camille, 177, 210
- Dictatorship follows anarchy, 73
- Diderot, 154
- Directory, the, failure of, 35; closes clubs, 117; psychology of the, 252-4; government of the, 256 9; deportations under, 256 7
- Discontent, result of, 28
- Dreux-Brézé, 172
- Drinkmann, Baron, 210
- Dubourg, Anne, burned, 39-40
- Dumas, President of the Revolutionary Tribunal, 247
- Dumouriez, 225
- Durel, 246
- EGO, analysis of the, 75
- Elchingen, General, 48, 50
- Elizabeth, Empress, of Russia, 107-8
- Emigres, banished, 210
- Empire, the Second 51
- Encyclopædists, the 154
- England, coal strike in, 321-2
- English Revolution, 29, 62; Constitution, 157
- Enthusiasm, 83-5, 87
- Envy, 82, 305
- Equality, 65, 162-4, 296-9
- Evolution, 25
- FAGUET, E., 132
- Fatalism, historians on, 120, 130
- Faubourgs, disarmed, 204
- Fear, 81-2
- Federation, 178
- Ferrer, notes on anniversary of execution of, 111
- Fersen, 185
- Five Hundred, the, 210
- Fontenelle 20
- France, kings of, 32; artificial unity of, 139
- Francis I, 40 137-8
- Franco-Prussian war, 81
- Fraternity, 65
- Freethinkers, intolerance of, 91, 277
- French Revolution, the, revision of ideas concerning, 12; generally misunderstood, 18; a new religious movement, 18; origins of, 30; religions nature of, 34; 49, 52; descends to lower classes, 65; causes of, 83; opinions of historians concerning, 123-36; becomes a popular government, 144; 168; causes of democratisation, 202; causes of the Revolution, 275-6; a struggle of instinct against reason, 328-9
- Fouché, at Lyons, 220-1, 235
- Fouquier-Tinville, 216, 246-7
- Fréron, 220
- GALILEO, 94
- German Emperors, 32 “Giants” of the Convention, 20, 190-1; mediocrity of, 192
- Gilbert-Liendon, 246
- Girondists, the, 196-8; late of the, 179; surrendered by the Convention, 203, 205; vote for Louis' death, 206
- Glosson, Professor, experiment in crowd psychology, 110
- Governments, feeble resistance of, to revolution, 49, 53; best tactics to pursue, 53-4; revolutions effected by, 54-9
- Greek Revolution, 52
- Grégoire, 161
- Gregory XIII, 44-5
- Guillotine, regeneration by, 191
- Guiraud, M., 279-80
- Guise, Duke of, 45
- Guzisot, 127-8
- HAMEL, M, 245
- Hamilton, General, 317
- Hanotaux, G., 131
- Hanriot, 203
- Hatred, value of, 78-82
- Haxo, General, 219
- Hébert, 177, 187, 203
- Hébertists, 71
- Helvetins, 156
- Henri II, 221
- Henri III, 42, 45, 115
- Henri IV, 45, 225
- Henry IV of Germany, 32
- Henry VIII of England, 36
- Historians, mistaken views of, re French Revolution, 17; opinions of, concerning, 123-36
- Hoche, General, 226, 229
- Holbach, 154
- Holland, invasion of, 226
- Hugo, Victor, 273
- Huguenots, massacre of, 43-5
- Humboldt, 170
- Hunter's ancestral instinct of carnage, 237
- IÉNA, explosion on board of, 306
- Impartiality, impossibility of, 133-6
- Incendiarism, of Commune of 1871, 117
- Inequality, craving for, 313
- Inquisition, the, 31
- Islam, 28, 57
- Italy, revolution in, 49
- JACOBINISM, 28; failure of, 35; modern, 302-4; its craze for reforms, 310
- Jacobins, the 43; real protagonists o the Revolution, 68; 88-9, 116; claim to reorganise France in name of pure reason , 162; they rule France, 181 -results of their triumph, 193-7, theories of, 195; small numbers of, 196-the clubs closed, 204; downfall of, 243
- Jourdan, General, 226
- LA BRUYèRE, 142
- La Fayette, 174, 185
- Lanessan, M., 306
- Langlois, General, 317
- Latin mind, the, 80
- Lavisse, 27, 89
- Lavoisier, 217
- Leaders, popular, psychology of, 109, 232-51
- Lebon, 235
- Lebrun, Mme. Vigéé, 151-2
- Legendary history, 19, 20
- Legislation, faith in, 160-2, 279
- Legislative Assembly, the, 181; psychology of, 183-9; character of, 185-6; timidity of, 186-7
- Lettres de cachet, 142
- Levy, general, 226
- Liberté, the, explosion on board, 306
- “Liberty, Equality, Fraternity,” 65, 163, 292-3
- Lippomano, 43
- Logics, different species of, 15, 16, 23, 86-7, 167
- Louis XIII, 65
- Louis XIV, 45 6, 114, 137-9; poverty under, 162; 213-14
- Louis XVI, 24, 50, 107, 113-15, 138, 142, 144, 148, 170-6; flight and capture, 178; his chance, 179; powers restored, 181; a prisoner, 183: regarded as traitor, 185; suspended, 185; trial of, 205-6; execution of, a blunder, 206
- Louis XVII, 207
- Louis XVIII, 280
- Louis-Philippe, 50-I, 105, 201-3
- Luther, 36-7
- MACMAHON, Marshal, 285
- Madelin, 131, 250, 263
- Mohammed, 46
- Maistre, de, 123
- Malesherbes, 170
- Marat, 177, 187, 249
- Marie Antoinette, 132; influence of, 179, 185
- Marie Louise, 133
- Massacres, during wars of religion, 43-5; during the French Revolution, 72; see September, Commissaries, &c.
- Mentalities prevalent in time of revolution, 86-7
- Merlin, 219
- Michelet, 67, 112, 124, 146, 239
- Midi, revolt in the, 53
- Mirabeau, 172, 180, 192
- Monarch, position of, under the Reformation, 36 7
- Monarchical feeling, 144-6
- Montagnards, 79, 197, 205-6
- Montesquieu, 154
- Montluc, 42
- Moors in Spain, 31
- Mountain, the, 198
- Mystic logic, 15, 24, 87
- Mystic mentality, 87, 89-91, 109
- NANTES, Edict of, 45; revoked, 46
- Nantes, massacres at, 218-20
- Napoleon, 58, 76, 83; in Russia, 107-8; on fatalism, 128-g; 133; on the 5th of October, 211; 227; in Italy, 260 ; in Egypt, 261; returns, 261; as Consul, 265-7; reorganises France, 267-70; defeated, 280; 289, 290
- Napoleon III, 284-5
- National Assembly, the, 64, 141, 171- 82
- National Guard, 174, 185
- Nature, return to, illusions respecting, 135-6, I 58-60
- Necker, 152, 173-4
- Noailles, Comte de, 175
- Nobles renounce privileges, 118, 149- 50; emigrate, 184
- OCTOBER, “days” of, 176
- Olivier, E., 127, 197, 215
- Opinions and Beliefs, 14, 26
- Oppede, Baron d', 42
- Orléans, Duc d', 206
- PARIS, her share in the Revolution, 69. See People
- Pasteur, 26, 199
- Peasants, condition of, before Revolution, 141-2; burn châteaux, 160
- People, the, in revolution, 60-74; never directs itself, 63-4-supposed part of, 66; the reality, 67; analysis of, 70; the base populace, 70-I, 145; commences to terrorise the Assemblies, 176-7; the sections rise, 185; 200, 205
- Peoples, the Psychology of, 113
- Persecution, religious, 39
- Personality, transformation of, during revolution, 75-7
- Peter the Great, 55
- Pétion, 79, 188
- Philip II, 44
- Philippines, 63
- Philosophers, influence of, 149
- Plain, the, 198-200
- Poissy, assembly of, 41
- Poland, decadence of, 33; revolution in, 49; partition of, 226
- Political beliefs, 28
- Pope, the, 32, 36-7
- Portuguese Revolution, 28, 49, 51
- Positivism, 291
- Predestination, 37-9
- Presbyterian Catechism, 38
- Protestants, martyrs, 39-40; persecute Catholics, 42-5-exodus of, 46; mentality of, 88
- Prussia, invades France, 184, 225-6
- Public safety, committee of, I l 8-204
- QUINET, 124
- RACIAL MIND, stability of the, 105-6
- Rambaud, M., 27, 89, 142, 173
- Rational logic, seldom guides conduct, 15; original motive in French Revolution, 24, 26, 167
- Reason, Goddess of, 195
- Reformation, the, 27-8, 34-5; rational poverty of doctrines, 37, 39
- Reforms, Jacobin craving for, 310
- Religion, the French republic a form of, 18, 168-9
- Religion, wars of, the, 42
- Repetition, value of, 39
- Republic, the first, 205; the second, 283; the third, 285
- Revision, necessity of, 11
- Revolution of 1789; see French Revolution; of 1836, 282; of 1848, 282-3; of 1870, 285
- Revolutions, classification of, 23; origin of, 23; usual object of, 32
- Revolutions, political, 25-6; results of 31
- Revolutions, religious, 34, 46-8
- Revolutions, scientific, 25-6
- Revolutionary army, 218
- Revolutionary communes, 116
- Revolutionary mentality, 97
- Revolutionary municipalities, 178
- Revolutionary tribunals, 203, 215 8
- Richepin, 215
- Robespierre, 36; compared to Calvin, 39, 67-8; High Pontiff, 88-9, 116, 125, 187, 192, 194; pontiff, 195; reigns alone, 199; sole master of the Convention, 201, 205, 217; psychology of, 238-245; his fall, 243
- Rochelle, 45
- Roland, Mme., 183, 192
- Roman Empire, 32, 161
- Rossignol, 187
- Rousseau, 155-6
- Roussel, F., 306
- Russia, 53, 107-8
- Russian Revolution, 53-4
- Russo-Japanese war, 81, 312
- SAINT-DENIS, destruction of tombs at, 221
- Saint-Just, 88, 217, 243-5
- Sedan, 51
- September, massacres of, 187-8
- Sieyès, 17 l
- Social distinctions, 312-3
- Socialism, 28, 278, 283-4, 291; hates the elect, 299, 330
- Sorel, A., 62, 127, 215
- Spain, revolution in, 30, 49, 51, 62
- States General, 114, 170-182
- Sulla, 79
- Suspects, Law of, 115
- Syndicalism, 302, 319, 321
- TACITUS, 91, 133
- Taine, 71, 83; on Jacobinism, 92-4; his work, 124-6, 165, 195-6, 216, 218, 235, 239
- Taxes, pro-revolutionary, 143
- Terror, the, 189, 200; motives of, 201, 205-12; psychology of, 213, 215; executions during, 217; stupefying effect of, 218-in the provinces, 218-22; in the departments, 234-6
- Thermidor, reaction of, 243
- Thiébault, General, 226 7
- Thiers, 124; President, 285
- Third Estate, jealousy of the, 139,
- Tocqueville, 19, 68-9, 313
- Tolerance, impossible between opposed or related beliefs, 40-l
- Togo, Admiral, 312
- Toulon, 207, 220; fall of, 226
- Tradition, 275-6
- Tsushima, 312
- Tuileries, attacked, 174-5; Louis prisoner in, 178, 183; attacked by populace, 185, 189
- Turenne, 221
- Turgot, 148, 170
- Turkey, revolution in, 28, 49, 56-7
- UNITED STATES, 63
- Universal suffrage, 307-lo
- VALMY, 225
- Vanity, cause of revolution, 83
- Varennes, flight to, 178
- Vasari, 44
- Vendée, La, 42, 52, 228, 271
- Vergniaud, 113, 192
- Versailles, attack on, 176
- Violence, causes of, 213-5
- Voltaire, 154
- WENDELL, BARRETT, 123-4, 277-8
- Williams, H., 204, 239, 243
- YOUNG, ARTHUR, 103, 142
334
335
336
337
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