University of Virginia Library

Alfonso. 'Indian/White Relations; A View from the Other Side of the Frontier' Indians in American History; An Introduction. Ed. Frederick Hoxie. Wheeling, IL; Harlan Davidson, 1998.

B. N. O. Tales from the Bark Lodge. Oklahoma City, Harlow P, 1919.

Peter Dooyentate. Origin and traditional history of the Wyandotts: and sketches of other Indian tribes of North America, true traditional stories of Tecumseh and his league, in the years 1811 and 1812. Toronto; Hunter, Rose and Co, 1870.

Brian W. The Vanishing American; White Attitudes and U.S. Indian Policy. Lawrence, KS; University Press, 1982.

Joy. To Be Indian. Norman; University of Oklahoma Press, 2001.

was government policy to hire Indians as policemen on the reservations. They worked under orders from the agents.

Bigknife was killed in the line of duty by Amos Valliere, a Quapaw. Interview with Nannie L. Newman, April 12, 1938, and interview with Lee Newman, December 23, 1937, in 'Indian-Pioneer History' (Oklahoma City: Indian Archives Division of the Oklahoma Historical Society), 70:56 and 37:543.

Spring River flows south from Kansas and into the Grand (or Neosho) near present-day Wyandotte, Oklahoma, about fifteen miles south of the Kansas line.

Jim Charley ford, apparently later known as the Big-knife ford, was located on the Spring River about six miles southwest of present day Peoria, Oklahoma. Interview with Edward Peckham, January 25, 1938, and interview with Lee Newman, December 23, 1937, in 'Indian-Pioneer History,' 93:183 and 37:543.

is, he could see the team coming.

is, the man was in a hurry and tried the ford rather than waiting for the ferry.

is, Joe pulls out his gun and speaks again.