University of Virginia Library

The other at Temple-barre.

Carried the frontispice of a temple, the walls of which and gates were brasse; the pillars siluer, their capitalls and bases gold: in the highest point of all was erected a Ianvs head, & ouer it written,

Which title of Quadrifrons is said to be giuen him, as he respecteth all

climates, and fills all parts of the world with his maiestie: which Martial would seeme to allude vnto in that Hendicasillable,

Et linguâ pariter locutus omni.

Lib. 8. Epist. 20

Others haue thought it by reason of the foure elements, which brake out of him, being Chaos: for Ovid is not afraid to make Chaos and Ianvs the same, in those verses.

Me Chaos antiqui (nam sum res prisca) vocabant

Fast. lib. 1.

Adspice, &c.

But we rather follow (and that more particularly) the opinion of the

ancients, who haue entitled him Quadrifrons, in regard of the yeere (which vnder his sway is diuided into foure seasons, spring, summer, autumne, winter, and ascribe vnto him the beginnings and ends of things. See M. Cic.

Cumque in omnibus rebus vim haberent maximam prima & extreme, principem in sacrificando Ianvm esse voluerunt, quod

Quasi Eanus.

ab cundo nomen est deductum: ex quo transitiones peruiæ Iani, foresque in liminibus profanarum ædium, Ianuæ nominatur, &c. As also the charge and custodie of the whole world, by Ovid:

Quicquid vbique vides cœlum, mare, nubila, terras.

Fast. Jbid.

Omnia sunt nostra clausa patentque mana:
Me penes est vnum vasti custodia mundi.
Et ius vertendi cardinis omne meum est.

About his foure heads he had a wreathe of gold, in which was grauen this verse,

Signifying, that though he had foure faces, yet he thought them not enough, to behold the greatnesse and glorie of that day: beneath vnder the head was written,

For being open he was stil'd Patvlcivs, but then vpon the comming of his maiestie, being to be shut, he was to be called Clvsivs. Vpon the outmost front of the building was placed the intire armes of the kingdom with the garter, crowne, and supporters, cut forth as faire and great as the life, with an Hexastich written vnder-neath, all expressing the dignitie, and power of him that should close that temple.

Qvi dvdvm angvstis tantvm regnavit in oris
Parvoqve Imperio se toti praebvit Orbi
Esse regendo parem, tria Regna (vt nvlla deesset
Virtvti fortvna) svo feliciter vni
Ivncta simvl sensit: fas vt sit credere votis
Non i am sangvinea frvitvros pace Britannos.

In a great freeze, below, that ranne quite along the bredth of the building, were written these two verses out of Horace.

Ivrandasqve svvm per nomen ponimvs aras,
Nil oritvrvm alias, nil ortvm tale tatentes.

The first and principall person in the temple, was

or Peace, shee was placed aloft in a Cant, her attyre white, semined with starres, her haire loose and large: a wreathe of oliue on her head, on her shoulder a siluer doue: in her left hand, shee held forth an oliue branch, with a handfull of ripe eares, in the other a crowne of lawrell, as notes of victorie and plentie. By her stood

or Wealth, a little boy, bare headed, his locks curled, and spangled with gold,

of a fresh aspect, his body almost naked, sauing some rich robe cast ouer him; in his armes a heape of gold Ingots to expresse riches, whereof hee is the god. Beneath her feet lay

or Mars, groueling, his armour scattered vpon him in seuerall pieces, and sundrie sorts of weapons broken about him, her word to all was

pax optima rerum

Sil. Ital.

Quas homini nouisse datum est, pax vna Triumphis
Innumeris potior.

signifying that peace alone was better, and more to be coueted then innumerable triumphs, besides, vpon the right hand of her, but with some little descent; in a Hemicycle was seated

or Quiet, the first hand-maid of peace; a woman of a graue and venerable aspect, attyred in black, vpon her head an artificiall nest, out of which appeared storkes heads to manifest a sweet repose. Her feete were placed vpon a cube, to shew stabilitie, and in her lap shee held a perpendicular or leuell, as the ensigne of euennesse and rest: on the top of it sate a Halcion or kings-fisher. Shee had lying at her feet

or Tumult, in a garment of diuers, but darke colours, her haire wilde, and disordered, a foule and troubled face, about her lay staues, swords, ropes, chaines, hammers, stones, and such like to expresse Turmoile. The word was,

Claud. Quod violenta nequit: mandataque fortius vrget
Imperiosa quies.

To shew the benefits of a calme and facile power, being able to effect in a state that, which no violence can. On the other side the second hand-maide was

or Libertie, her dressing white, and some-what antique, but loose and free: her haire flowing downe her backe, and shoulders: In her right hand shee bare a club, on her left a hat, the Characters of freedome, and power: At her feet a cat was placed, the creature most affecting, and expressing libertie. She trode on

or Seruitude, a woman in old and worne garments, leane and meager, bearing fetters on her feet, and hands, about her necke a yoake to insinuate bondage, and the word

Alluding to that other of Claud.

Nunquam libertas gratior extat,

De laud. stil. li. 3.

Quam sub Rege pio.

And intimated, that libertie could neuer appeare more gracefull, and louely, then now vnder so good a prince. The third hand-maid was

or Safetie, a damsell in carnation, the colour signifying cheare, and life, shee sat high: vpon her head she wore an antique helme, and in her right hand a speare for defence, in her left a cup for Medicine: at her feet was set a pedestall vpon which a serpent rowld vp did lie. Beneath was

or Danger, a woman dispoiled, and almost naked, the little garment shee hath left her, of seuerall colours, to note her various disposition. Besides her lies a torch out, and a sword broken (the instruments of her furie) with a net and wolues skinne (the ensignes of her malice) rent in pieces. The word,

Borrowed from Mart. and implying that now all feares haue turnd their

backes, and our safetie might become securitie, danger being so wholly deprest, and vnfurnisht of all meanes to hurt. The fourth attendant is,

or Felicity, varied on the second hand, and apparelled richly; in an embroidered robe, and mantle: a faire golden tresse. In her right hand a Caduceus, the note of peacefull wisedome: in her left, a Cornucopia fill'd onely with flowers, as a signe of florishing blessednesse; and crownd with a garland of the same. At her feet,

or Vnhappinesse, a woman bareheaded, her necke, armes, brest, and feete naked, her looke hollow and pale; she holds a Cornucopia turned downward with all the flowers falne out and scattered, vpon her sits a rauen, as the augury of ill fortune: and the soule was

Out of Virgil, to shew that now those golden times were returned againe,

wherein Peace was with vs so aduanced, Rest receiued, Libertie restored, Safetie assured, and all Blessednesse appearing in euery of these vertues her particular triumph ouer her opposite euill. This is the dumbe argument of the frame, and illustrated with this verse of Virgil, written in the vnder freeze.

The speaking part was performed, as within the temple where there was erected an altar, to which at the approch of the king appeares the Flamen

And to him,

The Genius we attired before: To the Flamen we appoint this habit. A long crimson robe to witnesse his nobilitie, his typpet and sleeues white, as reflecting on purity in his religion, a rich mantle of golde with a traine to expresse the dignitie of his function. Vpon his head a

hat of delicate wooll, whose top ended in a cone, and was thence called Apex, according to that of Lucan. lib. 1.

Attollensque Apicem generoso vertice Flamen.

This Apex was couered with a

fine net of yearne which they named Apiculum, and was sustained with a bowd twigge of Pomegranat tree, it was also in the hot time of Summer to be bound with ribands, and throwne behind them as Scaliger teacheth. In his hand he bore a golden censor with perfume, and censing about the altar (hauing first kindled his fire on the toppe) is interrupted by the Genius.

GENIVS.
Stay, what art thou, that in this strange attire,
Dar'st kindle stranger, and vn-hallowed fire
Vpon this altar?

Fl.
Rather what art thou
That dar'st so rudely interrupt my vow?
My habit speakes my name.

Ge.
A Flamin?

Fl.
Yes,
And

Of Mars whose rites (as we haue toucht before) this Flamin did specially celobrate.

Martialis call'd.

Ge.
I so did ghesse
By my short view, but whence didst thou ascend
Hither? or how? or to what mistick end?

Fl.
The noise, and present tumult of this day,
Rowsd me from sleepe, and silence, where I lay
Obscur'd from light; which when I wakt to see,
I wondring thought what this great pompe might bee.
When (looking in my Kalender) I found
The

With vs the 15 of March, which was the present day of this triumph: and on which the great feast of Anna Perenna (among the Romans) was yeerely, and with such solemnitie remembred, Oui. Fast. 3. Idibus est Anna festum geniale Perennæ, Haud procul à ripis, &c.

Ides of March were entred, and I bound
With these, to celebrate the geniall feast
Of

Who this Anna should be (with the Romans themselues) hath beene no trifeling controuersie. Some haue thought her fabulously the sister of Dido, some a Nymph of Numicius, some Iō, some Themis. Others an old woman of Bouilla, that fed the seditious multitude, in Monte sacro, with wafers, and fine cakes, in time of their penurie: To whom, afterward (in memory of the benefit) their peace being made with the nobles, they ordaynd this feast. Yet, they that haue thought neerest, haue mist all these, and directly imagined her the Moone. And that shee was called ANNA, Quia mensibus impleat annum, Ouid ibid. To which, the vow that they vsed in her rites, somewhat confirmingly alludes, which was, vt Annare, & Perrennare commodè liceret, Macr. Sat. lib. 1. cap. 12.

Anna stil'd Perenna,

So Ouid. ibid. Fast. makes Mars speaking to her, Mense meo coloris, iunxi mea tempora tecum.

Mars his guest
Who, in this moneth of his, is yeerely call'd
To banquet at his altars; and instal'd

Nuper erat dea facta, &c. ibid Ouid.

A goddesse with him, since shee fills the yeare,
And

Where is vnderstood the meeting of the Zodiack in March, the moneth wherein shee is celebrated.

knits the oblique scarfe that girts the spheare.
Whilest foure-fac't Ianvs turnes his

That face wherewith he beholds the Spring.

vernall looke
Vpon their meeting houres, as if he tooke
High pride and pleasure.

Ge.
Sure thou still dost dreame,
And both thy tongue, and thought rides on the streame
Of phantasie: Behold here hee nor shee,
Haue any altar, fane, or deitie.
Stoope: reade but this

Written vpon the Altar, for which we referre you to the page 859.

inscription: and then view
To whom the place is consecrate. 'Tis true
That this is Ianvs temple, and that now
He turnes vpon the yeere his freshest brow:
That this is Mars his moneth; and these the Ides,
Wherein his Anne was honor'd; both the tides,
Titles, and place, we know: but these dead rites
Are long since buryed, and new power excites
More high and heartie flames. Loe, there is hee,
Who brings with him a

The Queen: to answere which in our inscription we spake to the King MARTE MAIORI.

greater Anne then shee:
Whose strong and potent vertues haue

The Temple of Janus we apprehend to be both the house of War, and Peace: of warre, when it is open, of peace when it is shut: And that there, each ouer the other is interchangeably placed, to the vicissitude of Times.

defac'd
Sterne Mars his statues, and vpon them plac'd
His,

Which are Peace, Rest, Libertie, Safetie, &c. and were his actiuely, but the worlds passiuely.

and the worlds blest blessings: This hath brought
Sweet peace to sit in that bright state shee ought
Vnbloudie, or vntroubled; hath forc'd hence
All tumults, feares, or other darke portents
That might inuade weake minds; hath made men see
Once more the face of welcome libertie:
And doth (in all his present acts) restore
That first pure world, made of the better ore.
Now innocence shall cease to be the spoyle
Of rauenous greatnesse, or to steepe the soyle
Of raysed pesantrie with teares, and bloud;
No more shall rich men (for their little good)
Suspect to be made guiltie; or vile spies
Enioy the lust of their so murdring eyes:
Men shall put off their yron minds, and hearts;
The time forget his old malicious arts
With this new minute; and no print remayne
Of what was thought the former ages stayne.
Back, Flamin, with thy superstitious fumes,
And cense not here; Thy ignorance presumes
Too much, in acting any Ethnick rite
In this translated temple: here no wight,
To sacrifice, saue my deuotion comes,
That brings in stead of those thy

Somewhat a strange Epithite, in our tongue, but proper to the thing: for they were only Masculine odors, which were offerd to the Altars, Vir. Ecl. 8. Verbenasque adole pingueis, & mascula Tura. And Plin. Nat. Hist. lib. 12. cap. 14. speaking of these, hath Quod ex eo rotunditate guttæ pependit, Masculum vocamus, cum alias non fere mas vocetur, vbi non sit fœmina: religioni tributum ne sexus alter vsurparetur. Masculum aliqui putant à specie testium dictum. See him also, lib. 34. cap. 11. And, Arnob. lib. 7. aduers. Gent. Non si mille tu pondera masculi Turis incendas, &c.

masculine gums.
My cities heart; which shall for euer burne
Vpon this altar, and no time shall turne
The same to ashes: here I fixe it fast,
Flame bright, flame high, and may it euer last.
Whilest I, before the figure of thy peace,
Still tend the fire; and giue it quick increase
With prayers, wishes, vowes; whereof be these
The least, and weakest: that no age may leese
The memorie of this so rich a day;
But rather, that it henceforth yeerely may
Begin our spring, and with our spring the prime,
And

According to Romulus his institution, who made March the first month, and consecrated it to his father, of whom it was called Martius, Varr. Fest. in Frag. Martius mensis initiū anni fuit, & in Latio, & post Romam conditam, &c. And Ouid. Fast. 3. A te principium Romano dicimus anno: Primus de patrio nomine mensis erit. Vox rata fit, &c. See Macr. lib. 1. Sat. cap. 12. and Solin. in Poly. hist. cap. 2. Quod hoc mense mercedes exeluerint magistris, quas completus annus deberi fec sset, &c.

first accompt of yeeres, of months,

Some, to whom we haue read this, haue taken it for a Tautologie, thinking Time ynough express'd before in yeeres, and moneths. For whose ignorant sakes we must confesse to haue taken the better part of this trauaile in noting, a thing not vsuall, neither affected of vs, but where there is necessitie, as here, to auoid their dull censures: where in yeeres and moneths we alluded to that is obserued in our former note: but by Time we vnderstand the present, and that from this instant, we should begin to reckon, and make this the first, of our time. Which is also to be helpt by emphasis.

of time:
And may these Ides as fortunate appeare
To thee, as they to

In which he was slaine in the Senate.

Caesar fatall were.
Be all thy thoughts borne perfect, and thy hopes
In their euents still crown'd beyond their scopes.
Let not wide heauen that secret blessing know
To giue, which shee on thee will not bestow.
Blind Fortune be thy slaue; and may her store
(The lesse thou seek'st it) follow thee the more.
Much more I would: but see, these brazen gates
Make haste to close, as vrged by thy fates;
Here ends my cities office, here it breakes:
Yet with my tongue, and this pure heart, shee speakes
A short farewell; and lower then thy feet,
With feruent thankes, thy royall paynes doth greet.
Pardon, if my abruptnesse breed disease;
“He merits not t'offend, that hastes to please.

Ouer the Altar was written this Inscription:

BRITANNIARVM. IMP. PACIS. VINDICI. MARTE. MAIORI. P. P. F. S. AVGVSTO. NOVO. GENTIVM. CONIVNCTARVM. NVMINI. TVTELARI.

CONSERVATRICI. ANNÆ. IPSÆ. PERENNÆ. DEABVSQVE. VNIVERSIS. OPTATIORI. SVI FORTVNATISSIMI. THALAMI. SOCIÆ. ET CONSORTI. PVLCHERIMÆ. AVGVSTISSIMÆ.

FILIO. SVO. NOBILISSIMO. OB. ADVENTVM. AD VRBEM. HANC. SVAM. EXPECTATISSIMVM. GRATISSIMVM. CELEBRATISSIMVM. CVIVS. NON. RADII. SED SOLES. POTIVS. FVNESSIMAM. NVPER. AERIS. INTEMPERIEM. SERENARVNT

VOTIS. X. VOTIS. XX. ARDENTISSIMIS.

L. M.

HANC. ARAM.

P.

And vpon the Gate, being shut,

IMP. IACOBVS MAX.

CÆSAR AVG. P.P.

PACE POPVLO BRITANNICO

TERRA MARIQVE PARTA

IANVM CLVSIT, S.C.