University of Virginia Library

V

Plus ça change, plus c'est la même chose. It's the only way I can explain the central paradox of this paper: that all printing houses were alike in being different. Despite my misgivings about 'norms' I have tried to suggest that all printing houses were more alike over the years than many bibliographers are prepared to allow: in size of plant, variability of work force, edition quantities printed, use of standing formes, proofing procedures, and most important of all in printing several jobs concurrently. I have stressed the supreme importance of primary evidence and I have tried to use it to expose and curb what I take to be erroneous inferences. In doing so, I have also tried to demonstrate more generally some weaknesses inherent in the inductive method. When the standing of general statements is damaged by contrary examples, the inductivist usually seeks a safe retreat in some form of historical relativism; I have tried to show how naive this can be. I am sure that Professor Hinman is right, though my sense pursues not his, when he stresses the importance of the new knowledge which will come "in the light of information about printing-house personnel and printing-house methods that is only now becoming known" ("Shakespeare's Texts", p. 26).

Bright lights will cast deep shadows, and I must confess to a feeling of mild despondency about the prospects for analytical bibliography: limited demonstrations there may certainly be, although they may require a life-time's devotion to make them; wherever full primary evidence has become available it has revealed a geometry of such complexity that even an expert in cybernetics, primed with all the facts, would have little chance of discerning it. But, as Nestor says, "In the reproof of Chance lies the true proof of men". Bibliography will simply have to prove itself adequate to conditions of far greater complexity than it has hitherto entertained. To do so, it will inevitably

be obliged to use multiple and ingenious hypotheses, to move from induction to deduction, simply because a narrow range of theories is less likely to embrace the complex possibilities of organization within even a quite small printing house. A cynic might observe that the subject is already characterized by multiple and ingenious hypotheses, but too many of these have been allowed to harden into 'truth'. A franker acceptance of deductive procedures would bring a healthy critical spirit into the subject by insisting on the rigorous testing of hypotheses, and the prime method of falsification — adducing contrary particulars — would impose a sound curb on premature generalizations. It may be little pleasure "to observe how much paper is wasted in confutation", but bibliography might grow the more securely if we retained a stronger assurance of its hypothetical nature.

There is, however, a final paradox. Bibliography has nothing to do with bibliographies, and I only hope that new knowledge about productive conditions will prove disturbing enough to widen the gap between the two. The essential task of the bibliographer is to establish the facts of transmission for a particular text, and he will use all relevant evidence to determine the bibliographical truth. Author and subject bibliographies have a completely different function and it would be preposterous now to demand of them any great bibliographical sophistication. This would appear to be an argument in favour of degressive bibliography. Not at all; the phrase is meaningless. Booklisting may be as degressive as it wishes, bibliography never. Greg made the point so clearly that it's surprising to find that there is still any fuss about it; if any notice had been taken, we should have less half-baked bibliography and cheaper book-lists.[98]

But finally, if our basic premise is that bibliography should serve literature or the criticism of literature, it may be thought to do this best, not by disappearing into its own minutiae, but by pursuing the study of printing history to the point where analysis can usefully begin, or by returning — and this is the paradox — to the more directly useful, if less sophisticated, activity of enumerative 'bibliography'. This it is which gave us the Pollard and Redgrave and Wing S.T.C.s, both of which have been of inestimable service to the study of history, life, thought — and bibliography — in the 16th and 17th centuries. It will be a pity if history, life, thought — and bibliography — in the 18th century are long deprived of a comparable service.

Note to the appendices: The information offered in the following appendices is intended merely to provide supporting evidence for the argument of this paper. It is not offered as a contribution to the detailed bibliographical study of either the books or the printing houses mentioned in it. The original documents referring to the Cambridge University Press are printed in my Cambridge University Press, 1696-1712: A Bibliographical Study (1966): the two charts printed here continue those given as Table 15 in that book. The details of the Bowyer printing house are taken from the Bowyers' record of composition and presswork over the years 1730 to 1739; the volume in which this work is recorded is in the possession of The Grolier Club and is being edited for publication by Mr Keith Maslen. An edition of the ledger of Charles Ackers, printer of The London Magazine, was recently published by the Oxford Bibliographical Society. The appendices are long, but I have deliberately multiplied the examples to illustrate fully the variety of conditions under which the books mentioned came to be made, by different men, at different periods, and in different places.

APPENDIX II (d)
William Bowyer's Printing House: Composition and Presswork
31 January — 12 February 1732

                                                                           

1. Composition	Work Done	Earnings
I. Lance	Evidence of Christian Religion O, P, Q, R and making up three formes	13. 8.
R. Dennett	Bill for Sugar Colonies 2 sheets	£3. 0. 7.
	Remarks on Lives of the Saints B, C, D, E, F, G, H4
	Life of Cleveland, vol. I Title
B. Baddam	Cocks's Catalogue M1, N8	£1. 6.11.
	Charitable Corporations D
	Hymns for St Dunstan's
	Sacrament A, B, C, E, F4
B. Tarrott	Charles XII F4	14. 8.
	Letter to Member of Parliament 2 sheets
	Sacrament D half sheet
D. Gaylord	Calmet's Dictionary 3Z, 4A, 4B, 4C	£2. 6.11.
	Articles of Limerick A, B and over-running several times
	Charles XII M, N, O4
G. Grantham	Gyles's Catalogue	8. 2.
	Voyages 6O2, Q2, R2, U4, Y2, A4
G. Hills	Charitable Corporations A, B4, [C6]	£1.11. 8.
	Charles XII F4
	Tully's Offices L12, M12
C. Micklewright	Votes 18, 19, 20, 21, 22	£2.12. 6.
	Tully's Offices L12, M12, N12
J. Morgan	Charles XII C5, D8, E5, F8, G8, H4	£1. 7. 8.
	Hutchinson B
	Gentleman Farrier
R. Holmes	Scripture Vindicated D6, E, F, G, H, I, K, L	£1.10. 4.
	Proposals for Hippocrates
T. Hart	Votes 14, 15, 16, 17	£2.10. 8.
	Memoria Technica M, N, O
	Wesley's Job Y, Z and correcting Y
T. Allestree	Gyles's Catalogue A4	£1. 7. 2.
	Voyages 6O2, 6P4, 6S2, 6X2, 6Z2, 7B4, 7C2
J. Nutt	Moss's Sermons B, C, D, E, F	[£3.15. 0.]
	Charles XII B, C11, D8, E11, F8, G8, H12, I
	Scheme to Pay National Debt 2 pages ditto imposing 3 half sheets
	Hymns for St George ye Martyr
	Greek quarto page of Mr Dwight
	An English folio page

APPENDIX II (e)
William Bowyer's Printing House: Composition and Presswork
14 — 26 February 1732

                                     

1. Composition	Work Done	Earnings
D. Redmaine	Bankrupts' Bill A, B	£3. 5. 4.
	Votes 28, 29, 30, 31, 32
	Spenser H, I, K
	Injured Innocence G8, H4
R. Dennett	Remarks on Lives of the Saints H4, I, K	£1.11. 8.
	Injured Innocence I2, K8
	Voyages 7O, 7P2
}	Sacrament F4, G8, H8, I8, K8	£2. 7. 2.
B. Baddam}	Letter to Archbishop 7 half-sheets
B. Tarrott}	Gentleman Farrier C, D, E, F
}	Tully's Offices N12, O	£3. 9. 0.
G. Hills}	Ditto Brevier Index P12
C. Micklewright}	Bankrupts' Bill C, D, E, F
	Life of Cecil A, B
R. Holmes	Scripture Vindicated, Part II M, N, O, P, Q, R, S	£1.11. 1.
	Evidence of Christian Religion S, T, U1/4, Title ¼
G. Grantham	Voyages 7E1, 7G3, 7H2, 7K2, 7L4, 7M3, 7Q2, 7R3, 7T2, 7U2	£1.18. 2.
	Injured Innocence H4, I6

                                 

D. Gaylord	Calmet's Dictionary 4D, 4E, 4F, 4G, 4H	£1.15. 2.
	Charles XII F8, Correcting N
C. Knell	Voyages 6S2, 6T2, 6Z2, 7C2, 7D4, 7E1, 7H2, 7I1, 7M1, 7N4, 7R1, 7S4, 7T1	£1.17. 1.
G. Karver	Cocks's Catalogue M7	£1.13. 9.
	Chiselden's Syllabus
	Cock and Bull 3 half-sheets
	Hutchinson C8
W. Diggle	Voyages 6B2, 6T2, 6X2, 6Y2, 7E2, 7F1, 7G1, 7I3, 7K2, 7P2, 7Q2	£1.12. 2.
	Nelson quarter-sheet
T. Hart	Votes 23, 24, 25	£3. 0. 8.
	Wesley's Job 2A, 2B, 2C2 Correcting Z, 2A
	Mr Chishull's half-sheet
	Memoria Technica P
	Bill for Parton Pier
J. Nutt	Moss's Sermons A, a, G, H, I ditto 2F half-sheet, vol. I	£1.12. 6.
	Chiselden one page
	Two Great Primer receipts

APPENDIX II (f)
William Bowyer's Printing House: Composition and Presswork
8 — 14 October 1732

             

1. Composition	Work Done	Earnings
P. Grantham	Bacon's Letters X, Y	9. 1
M. Newsted	Clifton's State of Physick A, a, b	18. 1.
O. Nelson	Rosalinda D, E, F	18. 1.
R. Holmes	Fryar Bacon 3G, 3H, 3I, 3K, 3L, 3M 1 page	£1. 1. 5.
T. Clark	Essay on Colonies B, C, D, E	£1. 0. 1.
D. Gaylord	Thuanus Part VI 6A, 6B, C 2 pages	£1. 0. 1.

                                         

2. Presswork	[Press 1]	[Press 2]
6000	Latin Testament	L
300	Chiselden's Tables	XXV, XXVI
1500	Swift's Miscellany	B1	B1
100	Middleton's Sermon	Titles
750 }
150 }	Thuanus	6A2	3R2, 3S2
5 }
1000	Rosalinda		B2
220 }			3D2, 3F2, 3G2
}	Fryar Bacon
30 }
500
}	Clifton's State of Physick	M2, N2
25 }
200 }
}	Bacon's Letters		S2
25 }
	Receipts for Duke of Somerset		π
		------	------
Earnings:	£1.15. 8.	£1.12. 6.

APPENDIX II (g)

• Books Printed by William Bowyer: Some Case-Histories
• 1. Voltaire, Histoire de Charles XII. [London, 1731.]
• 12°: A — P6 (all printed by Bowyer) Copy: BM. 10761.df.14.
• Production: 7½ sheets; edition 750; composition 5s.3d. per half sheet; presswork 1s.9d. per half sheet; price per sheet 24s.; finished by 13 Jan. 1732; volume I only printed by Bowyer. On this and the next three items, see the article by K.I.D. Maslen, The Library, 5th ser. XIV (1959), 287-93. (The date of completion, 13 Jan., is derived from the Bowyer Paper Stock Ledger. Bowyer's account of work done covers the entire period from 26 Dec. 1731-29 Jan. 1732, hence the later date given below.)
• Composition: A — P, T. Hart 29 Jan.
• Presswork: A, 1 (Diggle/Peacock) 29 Jan.; B, C, 3 (Franklin/Reynolds) 29 Jan.; D, I (Diggle/ Peacock) 29 Jan.; E, F, 3 (Franklin/Reynolds) 29 Jan.; G-M, 1 (Diggle/Peacock) 29 Jan.; N, O, 2 (unnamed) 29 Jan.; P, 3 (Franklin/Reynolds) 29 Jan.
• Figures: 1 — A4, D3v, G6v, H6v, I3v, K6, L3v, M4v
• 2 — N6v, O3v
• 3 — B6v, F6v, P4v
• Note: Franklin's and Reynolds' failure to figure C and E.
• 2. Voltaire, History of Charles XII. London, 1732.
• 8°: A1 B — N8 O1 (all printed by Bowyer) Copy: BM. 153. p. 23.
• Production: 12¼ sheets; edition 1000; composition 6s.; presswork 4s.; price per sheet 18s.; begun by 29 Jan. 1732; finished by 26 Feb. 1732; first 12¼ sheets only printed by Bowyer.

• Composition: K, L, Lane 29 Jan.; B, C11, Nutt 12 Feb.; C5, D8, Morgan 12 Feb.; D8, E11, Nutt 12 Feb; E5, F8, Morgan 12 Feb.; F8, G8, Nutt 12 Feb.; G8, H4, Morgan 12 Feb.; H12, I, Nutt 12 Feb.; M, N, O4, Gaylord 12 Feb.; correcting in N, Gaylord 26 Feb.
• Note: F may have been set twice. In addition to the claims listed above, the following are recorded: F4, Hills 12 Feb.; F4, Tarrott 12 Feb.; F8, Gaylord 26 Feb.
• Presswork: Bi, Bo, 2 (unnamed) 29 Jan.; Ci, Co, 1 (Diggle/Peacock) 29 Jan.; Di, 2 (unnamed) 29 Jan.; Do, Eo, 3 (Franklin/Reynolds) 29 Jan.; Ei, 1 (Diggle/Peacock) 29 Jan.; Fi, 2 (unnamed) 29 Jan.; Fo, 7 (Franklin/Reynolds) 29 Jan.; Gi, 1 (Diggle/ Peacock) 29 Jan.; Go, Ho, 2 (unnamed) 29 Jan.; Ko, 2 (unnamed) 29 Jan.; Ki, Li, 7 (Jones/Perry) 29 Jan.; Lo, Mi, 1 (Peacock/Perry) 12 Feb.; Mo, Ni, 2 (unnamed) 12 Feb.; No, 3 (Franklin/Reynolds) 12 Feb.; A/O, 1 (Peacock/Perry) 12 Feb.
• Figures: 1 — C1v, C8v, E7v, G1v, L6v, M7v
• 2 — B7, B8, D1v, F8, H2v, K7, M7, N8
• 3 — D7, E7, G7, I8, I8v, N8v
• 7 — F8v, H5v, K5v, L5v
• Note: Go claimed by 2 but figured 3; the changes of crew for presses 1 and 7; the same crew worked both presses 3 and 7 within the same period, so that both cannot have been in use at once.
• 3. Voltaire, Histoire de Charles XII ('Seconde Edition, révùe corrigée / par l'Auteur'). [London, 1732.]
• 8°: A — K8 L4 (all printed by Bowyer) Copy: BM. 611.c.12 (1).
• Production: 10½ sheets; edition 1000; composition 8s.; presswork 4s.; price per sheet 21s.; begun begun by 18 Mar. 1732; finished by 8 April 1702; first 10½ sheets only printed by Bowyer.
• Composition: A-H, Dennett 18 Mar.; I, K, Dennett/Tarrott 25 Mar.; L½, T. Hart 25 Mar.
• Presswork: (None of the crews is named) Ai, Ao, 7 — 18 Mar.; Bi, 5 — 18 Mar.; Bo, Ci, 3 — 18 Mar.; Co, 1 — 18 Mar.; Do, 3 — 18 Mar.; Di, 7 — 18 Mar.; Ei, 4 — 18 Mar.; Eo, 1 — 18 Mar.; Fi, 3 — 18 Mar.; Fo, 7 — 8 Apr.; Gi, 3 — 8 Apr.; Go, Ho, 7 — 8 Apr.; Hi, 2 — 8 Apr.; Ii, 3 — 8 Apr.; Io, 7 — 8 Apr.; Ko, 4 — 8 Apr.; Ki, L, 2 — 8 Apr.
• Figures: 1 — C7, E7
• 2 — H8, K1v, L3v
• 3 — B7, C8, F8, G8, I7v
• 4 — E6, K2v
• 5 — B8
• 7 — A2v, A3v, D1v, F2v, G2v, H7, I5
• Note: Fo was also claimed by press 2 on 18 Mar.; Do (press 3) unfigured.
• 4. Voltaire, History of Charles XII ('The Second Edition, Corrected.'). London, 1732.
• 8°: A6 B — N8 (all printed by Bowyer) Copy: BM. 10761.bb.39.
• Production: 12 sheets; edition 2000; composition 6s.; presswork 8s.; price per sheet 28s.; finished by 18 Mar. 1732 (as all claims are dated 18 Mar., dates are omitted from the tables of composition and presswork given below); sheets B — N only printed by Bowyer.
• Composition: B16, C4, Grantham; C6, Knell; C6, D2, Allestree; D11, Grantham; D3, E6, Knell; E6, Allestree; E4, F7, Grantham; F5, Knell; F4, G4, Allestree; G8, Grantham; G4, H4, Allestree; H4, Knell; H8, I10, Grantham; I2, Allestree; I4, K4, Knell; K8, Grantham; K4, L3, Allestree; L7, Knell; L6, M6, Grantham; M8, Allestree; M1, Nutt; M1, N4, Knell; N8, Grantham; N4, T. Hart.
• Presswork: (None of the crews is named) Bo, 4; Bi, 2; Co, 3; Ci, Do, 7; Di, Eo, 1; Ei Fi, 2; Fo, Go, 3; Gi, 4; Hi, 3; Ho, 2; Ii, 1; Io, Ki, 7; Ko, Lo, 3; Li, 1; Mi, 7; Mo, Ni, 2; No, 1.
• Figures: 1 — D7v, E7, L8, N8v
• 2 — B8, E1v, F5v, H2v, M2v, N1v
• 3 — C8v, F7, G8v, H7v, L7
• 4 — B2v, G1v
• 7 — C1v, D7, I2v, K1v, M1v
• Note: Ii (press 1) and Ko (press 3) are unfigured.
• 5. Baxter, Glossarium Antiquitatum Britannicarum. London, 1733.
• 8°: A 4 a8 B — T8 U4 Copy: BM. 7708.b.5.
• Production: 20 sheets; edition 500; composition 10s.; presswork 2s.4d.; price per sheet 22s.; begun by 10 Oct. 1732; finished by 2 June 1733.

• Composition: (Thomas Hart set the text unaided except as noted for the 8 pages of C) B, 7 Oct.; C8, Hart/Micklewright 11 Nov.; C8, D, 25 Nov.; E, F8, 2 Dec.; F8, G, 9 Dec.; H8, 20 Jan.; H8, I8, 27 Jan.; I8, K, L8, 24 Feb.; L8, 3 Mar.; M8, 10 Mar.; M8, N8, 17 Mar.; N8, O, 24 Mar.; P, Q, R, 14 Apr.; S, T8, 28 Apr.; T8, 5 May; U8, 12 May; A, a, 26 May.
• Presswork: Bo, 2 (Mazemore/Peacock) 11 Nov.; Bi, 1 (Classon/Diggle) 11 Nov.; Co, 3 (Bradley/Vicaris) 2 Dec.; Ci, Di, Do, 1 (Classon/Diggle) 2 Dec.; Eo, 2 (Mazemore/ Peacock) 9 Dec.; Ei, 1 (Classon/Diggle) 9 Dec.; Fi, Fo, 2 (Mazemore/Peacock) 23 Dec.; Gi, 3 (Dennis/Duff); Go, Hi, Ho, 2 (Mazemore/Peacock) 27 Jan.; Ii, Io, 2 (unnamed) 24 Feb.; Ki, Ko, 1 (Diggle/Reynolds) 3 Mar.; Li, 3 (Dennis/Duff) 24 Mar.; Ni, 2 (Clarke/Mazemore) 24 Mar.; No, 7 (Jones/Needham) 24 Mar.; Oi, 7 (Jones/Needham) 14 Apr.; Oo, 3 (Duff/Mazemore) 14 Apr.; Pi, 2 (Clarke/Dennis) 14 Apr.; Po, Qi, 1 (Milburne/Reynolds) 14 Apr.; Qo, 3 (Duff/Mazemore) 14 Apr.; Ri, Ro, 2 (Clarke/Jones) 28 Apr.; Si, 1 (Classon alone) 28 Apr.; So, 3 (Duff/ Mazemore) 28 Apr.; T (unrecorded); A/Ui, 1 (unnamed) 26 May; A/Uo, 2 (unnamed) 26 May; ai, ao, 7 (Brooker/Clarke) 2 June.
• Figures: 1 — A3v, C1v, D3v, E7v, K8, K8v
• 2 — a5, a6, B8v, F7, F8, G4v, H1v, H7, I7, I8, L2v, P7v, R7v, U3v
• 3 — C8v, L7v, M7v, M8v, O8v, Q7, S6v, T7v, T8v
• 5 — G5v
• 7 — N7, O7v
• Note: Press 1 failed to figure Bi, Po, Qi, Si; Press 2 failed to figure Eo, Ni, Ro; Press 3 printed Gi but the forme is figured 5; both ai and ao were printed by Press 2 but both are figured 7; the changing composition of the crews at each press:
• Press 1: (a) Classon/Diggle (b) Diggle/Reynolds (c) Milburne/Reynolds (d) Classon alone (e) unnamed
• Press 2: (a) Mazemore/Peacock (b) unnamed (c) Clarke/Mazemore (d) Clarke/ Dennis (e) Clarke/Jones (f) unnamed
• Press 3: (a) Bradley/Vicaris (b) Dennis/Duff (c) Duff/Mazemore
• Press 7: (a) Jones/Needham (b) Brooker/Clarke
• 6. Spenser, The Shepherd's Calendar, ed. J. Ball. London, 1732.
• 8°: A8 al B — Q8 R6 (—R6) Copy: BM. 11607.f.7.
• Production: 17½ sheets; edition 700 Demy, 60 Royal, 4 Writing Royal; composition 5s.6d.; presswork 2s.6d.; price per sheet 20s.; begun by 27 Nov. 1731; finished by 10 June 1732.
• Composition: (Daniel Redmaine set the whole text except probably for P, A, a) B8, 27 Nov.; B8, C, D, 24 Dec.; E — G, 29 Jan.; H — K, 26 Feb.; L — O, 18 Mar.; P (unrecorded unless it be George Karver's claim below); Q, 25 Mar.; R, 8 Apr.; 1 sheet [=P?], 6 pages, Karver 27 May; 4 pages, Grantham, 10 June.
• Presswork: Bi, 2 (Davies/Mazemore) 24 Dec.; Bo, Ci, 1 (Diggle/Peacock) 24 Dec.; Co, 3 (Diggle/Peacock) 24 Dec.; Do, 2 (unnamed) 29 Jan.; Di, Eo, 1 (Diggle/Peacock) 29 Jan.; Ei, Fo, 2 (unnamed) 29 Jan.; Fi, 3 (Franklin/Reynolds) 29 Jan.; Gi, 1 (Peacock/Perry) 12 Feb.; Go (unrecorded, but figured 7); Ho (unrecorded, but figured 5); Hi, 1 (Peacock/Perry) 26 Feb.; Io, Ii, 2 (unnamed) 18 Mar.; Ki, 3 (unnamed) 18 Mar.; Ko, Li, Lo, 1 (unnamed) 18 Mar.; Mo, 2 (unnamed) 18 Mar.; Mi, No, 4 (unnamed) 18 Mar.; Ni, 1 (unnamed) 18 Mar.; Oo, 7 (unnamed) 25 Mar.; Oi, Po, 4 (unnamed) 25 Mar.; Pi, Qi, Qo, 1 (unnamed) 25 Mar.; Ri, 2 (unnamed) 25 Mar.; Ro, 7 (unnamed) 25 Mar.; Ai, 7 (Jones/Perry) 10 June; Ao, a, 2 (Hardicke/Mazemore) 10 June.
• Figures: 1 — B2v, C7v, D6, E2v, G7v, H1v, K2v, L4v, L5v, P2v, Q7
• 2 — A7, D2v, E1v, F2v, I2v, I8, Q3v, R4
• 3 — C7, K8
• 4 — M8, O3v, P6
• 5 — H2v
• 7 — A7v, B6, G8v, O2v
• Note: Bi claimed by 2 (Davies/Mazemore) but figured 7; Franklin's and Reynolds' failure to figure Fi; the failure of press 2 to figure Mo; the failure of presses 1 and 4 to figure Ni and No; Qi claimed by 1 but figured 2; the failure of press 7 to figure Ro; Diggle and Peacock worked both presses 1 and 3 within the same period.
• 7. T. Lobb, A Treatise of the Small Pox. London, 1731
• 8°: A4 a — c8 B — 2H8 2I6 (— 2I6) Copy: BM. 1174.h.4
• Production: 34 sheets; edition 750; composition 8s.; presswork 3s.6d.; price per sheet 18s.; begun by 30 Jan. 1731; finished by 14 Aug. 1731.

• Composition: B, Redmaine 30 Jan.; C, D, E8, H8, correcting C, Redmaine 20 Feb.; E8, F, G, Hart/Holmes 20 Feb.; H8, I, K8, Hart 6 Mar.; L-O, Hart/Holmes 20 Mar.; P-S, Hart/Holmes 3 Apr.; T-Y, Z4, Hart/Holmes 17 Apr.; X12 [sic = Z12?], Morgan 17 Apr.; 2A, 2B, 2C8, Hart/Holmes 1 May; 2C8, Hart/Holmes 15 May; 2D8, Hart 29 May; 2D8, Holmes 29 May; 2E12, Holmes 5 June; 2E4, 2F-2H, 2I4, Holmes 26 June; a, b, Imperfection B, 2I4, Holmes 17 July; 2I4, A, c, Holmes 31 July.
• Presswork: Bi, 7 (unnamed) 6 Feb.; Bo, 2 (unnamed) 6 Feb.; Ci (no record); Co, 7 (unnamed) 20 Feb.; Di, 2 (unnamed) 20 Feb.; Do, 3 (unnamed) 6 Mar.; Ei, 7 (unnamed) 20 Feb.; Eo, 1 (unnamed) 20 Feb.; Fi, Fo, 7 (unnamed) 20 Feb.; Gi, 1 (unnamed) 6 Mar.; Go, 3 (unnamed) 6 Mar.; Hi, 3 (unnamed) 6 Mar.; Ho, 7 (unnamed) 6 Mar.; Ii, 3 (unnamed) 6 Mar.; Io, Ki, 2 (Clarke/Ward) 20 Mar.; Ko, 3 (Collyer/ Franklin) 20 Mar.; Lo, 2 (Clarke/Ward) 20 Mar.; Li, Mi, Mo, 1 (Diggle/Mazemore) 20 Mar.; Ni, 7 (Farmer/Peacock) 20 Mar.; No. 3 (Collyer/Franklin) 20 Mar.; Oi, 7 (unnamed) 3 Apr.; Oo, 3 (unnamed) 3 Apr.; Pi, 2 (unnamed) 3 Apr.; Po, Qi, 3 (unnamed) 3 Apr.; Qo, Ro, 2 (unnamed) 3 Apr.; Ri, 1 (unnamed) 3 Apr.; Si, 1 (Diggle/Mazemore) 17 Apr.; So, Ti, 3 (Franklin/Reynolds) 17 Apr.; To, 7 (Farmer/Peacock) 17 Apr.; Ui, 1 (Diggle/Mazemore) 17 Apr.; Uo, Xo, 2 (Clarke/ Ward) 17 Apr.; Xi, 3 (Franklin/Reynolds) 17 Apr.; Yi, 1 (Diggle/Mazemore) 1 May; Yo, 3 (Franklin/Reynolds) 1 May; Zo, 2 (Clarke/Ward) 1 May; Zi, 2Ai, 2Ao, 7 (Farmer/Peacock) 1 May; 2B (no record); 2Co, 3 (Franklin/Reynolds) 5 June; 2Ci, 2Do, 7 (Farmer/Peacock) 5 June; 2Di, 2 (Clarke) 5 June; 2Ei, 2Eo, 2Fo, 7 (Farmer/Peacock) 26 June; 2Fi, 2Gi, 3 (Franklin/Reynolds) 26 June; 2Go, 7 (Farmer/Peacock) 26 June; 2Hi, 2Ho, 1 (Clarke/Diggle) 17 July; 2I (not recorded); ai, 7 (Farmer/Peacock) 31 July; A, ao, bi, bo, 1 (Clarke/Diggle) 31 July; co, 3 (Franklin/Reynolds) 31 July; 1000 loose titles, 2 (Clarke/Davies) 14 Aug.
• Figures: 1 — a8v, b2v, c8, E7, G8, I2v, L8, M4v, M5v, R7v, S1v, U8, 2H7v
• 2 — B7, K8, L7, P7v, Q8v, U5, X8v, Z7, 2D7v
• 3 — c7, D7, G7, H7v, K7, O2v, P7, Q7v, S7, T8, Y7, 2F7v, 2G7v
• 7 — a5v, B8, C7, E8, F6v, F7v, H8v, N3v, O8, T5, 2A8, 2B1v, 2B7, 2C7v, 2E2v, 2F4v, 2H6v, 2I4
• 8. A Defence of the Present Administration. London, 1731
• [8°: A — D4] Copy: not located
• Production: 2 sheets; edition 3000; composition 5s.6d. per sheet; presswork 1s.2d. per 500, 3s. per 1500; price per sheet 16s. for the first 1000 and 5s. per ream for the rest; finished by 16 Jan. 1731.
• Composition: A, B, J. Hart 16 Jan.; C, D, Micklewright 16 Jan.
• Presswork: 'first edition':
• Press 1 (Diggle/Mazemore) A, B, D, 500; A, C, 1500; A, B, C 500
• Press 3 (Collyer/Franklin) C, 500; B, D 1500; D 500
• 'second edition':
• Press 3 (Collyer/Franklin) A, C 500
• Press 7 (Clarke/Peacock) B, D 500
• 9. E. Peyton, Catastrophe of the Stuarts. London, 1731
• 8°: A2 B — I4 K2 Copy: BM. 110.e.23
• Production: 4½ sheets; edition 750; composition 8s. per sheet; presswork 3s. per sheet; price per sheet 18s.; begun by 24 Dec. 1730; finished by 16 Jan. 1731.
• Composition: B — F, Grainger 24 Dec.; G — K, Bell 16 Jan.
• Presswork: B, C, 1 (Diggle/Mazemore) 24 Dec.; D, 3 (Collyer/Franklin) 24 Dec.; E, F, 3 (Collyer/Franklin) 16 Jan.; G, 1 (Diggle/Mazemore) 16 Jan.; H — K/A, 7 (Clarke/Peacock) 16 Jan.
• Figures: 1 — B4, C2v, G1v
• 2 — F4
• 7 — H4v, I3v, K1v
• Note: The evidence that Bowyer printed this pamphlet is of more than passing interest, for on Wednesday 27 Jan. 1731 its printer and publisher were taken into custody for publishing a libel. The bookseller, Charles Davis, was bound in a recognizance to appear at the King's Bench, which recognizance was continued for a period of 12 months, when he was discharged without penalty (Whitehall Evening Post, No. 1921, 28 — 30 Jan. 1731). Bowyer debits Davis with the printing costs, but the imprint reads 'Printed for T. Warner'.

• 10. Regnault, Philosophical Conversations. 3 vols. London, 1731
• vol. 1 — 8°: A8 (—A8) B — 2C8 (— 2D8)
• vol. 2 — 8°: A2 . . . Q — 2D8 (all printed by Bowyer)
• Copy: BM. 536.h.6-7
• Production: vol. 1 — 26 sheets; vol. 2 — 12 sheets; 38 sheets in all; edition 1000; composition 6s.; presswork 4s.; price per sheet 22s.; begun by 16 Jan. 1731; finished by 26 June 1731; in vol. 2 sheets A and Q — 2D only printed by Bowyer.
• Composition: vol. 1: B — D, Gaylord 16 Jan.; E9, Micklewright 16 Jan.; E7, F — H, Gaylord 16 Jan.; I, K8, Grainger 30 Jan.; K8, L — O, P8, Gaylord 30 Jan.; P8, Q, Gaylord 6 Feb.; R — X, Y8, Gaylord 20 Feb.; Y8, Gaylord 6 Mar.; Z, 2A, 2B, Gaylord 20 Mar.; 2C, 2D8, Bell/Gaylord 1 May; A8, Gaylord 29 May.
• vol. 2: Q, Bell 3 Apr.; R — X, Bell/Gaylord 1 May; Y — 2D, Bell/Gaylord 15 May; 16 pages Long Primer, Bell 29 May; two titles, Bell 26 June.
• Presswork: vol. 1: Bi, 3 (Collyer/Franklin) 16 Jan.; Bo, Co, 1 (Diggle/Mazemore) 16 Jan.; Ci, Do, 3 (Collyer/Franklin) 16 Jan.; Di, 1 (Diggle/Mazemore) 16 Jan.; Ei, Eo, 3 (Collyer/Franklin) 16 Jan.; Fo, 3 (Collyer/Franklin) 30 Jan.; Fi, Gi, 7 (Clarke/ Peacock) 30 Jan.; Hi, Ho, Ii, 3 (Collyer/Franklin) 30 Jan.; Io, Ki, 2 (Farmer/Wardman) 30 Jan.; Ko, 1 (Diggle/Mazemore) 30 Jan.; Li, 3 (Collyer/Franklin) 30 Jan.; Lo, 7 (Clarke/Peacock) 30 Jan.; Mi, 1 (unnamed) 6 Feb.; Mo, Ni, 7 (unnamed) 6 Feb.; No, 3 (unnamed) 6 Feb.; Oi, 1 (unnamed) 20 Feb.; Oo, Po, 2 (unnamed) 20 Feb.; Pi, Qi, 7 (unnamed) 20 Feb.; Qo, 3 (unnamed) 6 Mar.; Ri, 2 (unnamed) 6 Mar.; Ro, Si, 7 (unnamed) 6 Mar.; So, To, 3 (unnamed) 6 Mar.; Ti, 2 (unnamed) 6 Mar.; Ui, Uo, 1 (Diggle/Mazemore) 20 Mar.; Xi, 3 (Collyer/Franklin) 20 Mar.; Xo, 7 (Farmer/Peacock) 20 Mar.; Yo, 2 (unnamed) 3 Apr.; Yi, Zi, 7 (unnamed) 3 Apr.; Zo, 3 (unnamed) 3 Apr.; 2Ai, 7 (Farmer/Peacock) 17 Apr.; 2Ao, 3 (Franklin/Reynolds) 17 Apr.; 2Bo, 3 (Franklin/Reynolds) 1 May; 2Bi, 2Ci, 7 (Farmer/Peacock) 1 May; 2D, A (unrecorded).
• vol. 2: Qi, 1 (Diggle/Mazemore) 1 May; Qo, Ri, 3 (Franklin/Reynolds) 1 May; Ro, 1 (Diggle/Mazemore) 1 May; So, Ti, 3 (unnamed) 15 May; To, 1 (unnamed) 15 May; Uo, 3 (unnamed) 15 May; Ui, Xi, Yi, Zi, 7 (unnamed) 15 May; Xo, Yo, Zo, 7 (unnamed) 29 May; 2Ai, 2 (unnamed) 29 May; 2Ao, 3 (Franklin/Reynolds) 29 May; 2B (unrecorded); 2Co, 1 (unnamed) 29 May; 2Ci, 2 (unnamed) 29 May; 2Di, 3 (Franklin/Reynolds) 26 June; 2Do, 7 (Farmer/Peacock) 26 June; 'A3' and titles to vols 1, 2 and 3 also claimed by Diggle alone at press 1.
• Figures: vol. 1: 1 — A7, B7, C7, D8, K7, L8v, M1v, N2v, R7, T1v, U6, U7
• 2 — C7v, I6v, K5v, O8v, R8, X7v, Y8v,
• 3 — F7, G7, H7, I8, O8, Q7, S5, Z8v, 2A7
• 7 — F5v, G5v, L7v, M5, N7v, P2v, Q8, S5v, T7, X8v, Y8, Z3v, 2A7v, 2B1v, 2C7v
• vol. 2: 1 — Q1v, R2v, T2v, Z1v, 2C8v
• 2 — U7v, Y7v, 2A6, 2C6
• 3 — U7, 2D5v
• 7 — S3v, X3v, Y5, 2B1v, 2B2v

APPENDIX III
(a) Edition Sizes of Part Issues of Astley's A New General Collection of Voyages and Travels (1743-47)
(Printed by Charles Ackers)

                       

Volume	Part Nos.		Edition		Reprints		Total Edition
I	1	sig. B	1750	+	350 +	1000	3100
		sig. C	2000	+	1100		3100
		sig. D	2000	+	1100		3100
	2		2000	+	1000		3000
	3		2000	+	1000		3000
	4 - 33						2500
II	34 - 79						2250
III	80 - 85						2250
	86 - 103						1750
	104 - 117						1500
VI	118 - 164						1500

(b) Edition Sizes of The London Magazine
1732 — 1747
(Printed by Charles Ackers)

                                           

Monthly Numbers	1st Edition	Reprint	Total
Apr. 1732 - Dec. 1732	[2500]	1500	[4000]
Jan. 1733 - May 1733	4000	1250	5250
Jun. 1733 - Jul. 1733	4000	1500	5500
Aug. 1733	4500	1250	5750
Sep. 1733 - Oct. 1733	5000	1250	6250
Nov. 1733	5000	1000	6000
Dec. 1733 - May 1734	6000		6000
Jun. 1734 - Dec. 1734	6250		6250
Jan. 1735 - Dec. 1736	7000		7000
Jan. 1737 - May 1737	6000		6000
Jun. 1737 - Jul. 1737	6000	1000	7000
Aug. 1737	6000		6000
Sep. 1737	6500		6500
Oct. 1737 - Jul. 1739	7000		7000
Aug. 1739 - Dec. 1740	8000		8000
Jan. 1741 - Dec. 1741	7500		7500
Jan. 1742	7000	1000	8000
Feb. 1742 - Jul. 1743	8000		8000
Aug. 1743 - Dec. 1743	7500		7500
Jan. 1744 - Jan. 1747	7000		7000
Feb. 1747 - Dec. 1747	7500		7500

(c) Edition Sizes of T. Dyche's A Guide to the English Tongue
(Printed by Charles Ackers)

                                                                 

4 Dec. 1733	19th ed.	10,000
4 Nov. 1734	20th ed.	10,000
5 May 1735	21st ed.	10,000
11 Oct. 1735	22nd ed.	10,000
23 Sep. 1736	23rd ed.	10,000
11 May 1737	24th ed.	10,000
28 Jan. 1738	24th ed. [sic]	15,000
19 Jul. 1738	'a new Edition'	10,000
26 Jan. 1739	'a new Edition'	10,000
17 Jul. 1739	'a new Edition'	5,000
25 Oct. 1739	'a new Edition'	10,000
3 Oct. 1740	'a new Edition'	20,000
17 Jun. 1741	'a new Edition'	20,000
3 May 1742	'a new Edition'	20,000
14 May 1743	'a new Edition'	5,000
18 Aug. 1743	'a new Edition'	10,000
6 Jan. 1744	'a new Edition'	5,000
12 May 1744	30th ed.	5,000
9 Aug. 1744	'a new Edition'	5,000
23 Oct. 1744	'a new Edit'	5,000
10 Jan. 1745	'a new Edition'	5,000
16 Mar. 1745	'a new Edition'	5,000
7 Jun. 1745	'a new Edit.'	5,000
10 Sep. 1745	'a new Edit.'	5,000
14 Dec. 1745	'a new Edition'	5,000
12 Apr. 1746	'a new Edit.'	5,000
4 Jul. 1746	'a new Edit.'	5,000
13 Oct. 1746	'a new Edit.'	10,000
13 Feb. 1747	35th ed.	5,000
27 Apr. 1747	'a new Edition'	5,000
29 Jul. 1747	'a new Edition'	5,000
2 Nov. 1747	'a new Edition'	5,000
1 Feb. 1748	'a new Edition'	5,000