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III

Besides more concretely establishing differences between the American book text and the English serial, presentation of a few of the revisions made for Macmillan's Magazine illustrates the sort of thing that Hardy as an artist gave attention to. Touches of humor concerning the servant Grammer's sale of rights to her corpse to Fitzpiers for physiological experiments are added to the English serial version by references to "the head in question" and "heathen's chopper" (pp. 142, 143). An erudite adjective, "accipitrine" (p. 254), is deleted for Macmillan's Magazine, as are "macaroni" and a technical architectural term, "double-cyma," in references to Fitzpiers (p. 120). Redundancies are taken out: in the American texts, Fitzpiers describes his youthful love for Felice as "a colossal passion in posse; a giant in embryo;" in Macmillan's Magazine he terms it "a colossal passion in embryo" (p. 227). A word in Hardy's manuscript which Mowbray Morris, the editor of Macmillan's Magazine, had not liked, "horizontality,"[5] was left

in the proof sheets bound for America, but Macmillan's Magazine does not contain it. Also, in the Harper text as in the manuscript Mrs. Charmond had always been rich, while in Macmillan's Magazine she evidently married her husband for his money; the English version thereby makes more understandable the intensity of her interest in her frustrated youthful affection for Fitzpiers. This change in Mrs. Charmond's character occurs through two revisions: Fitzpiers' statement that "you have grown rich" had been in the American texts "You are still rich" (p. 227); and Felice says that her mother had prevented a lasting acquaintance with Fitzpiers, in the American texts because "she knew my disposition," in Macmillan's Magazine because "she knew my face was my only fortune" (p. 226).

One interesting category of variants, certain manuscript passages that were published in America but not in Macmillan's Magazine, implies that the American text represents to a certain degree Hardy's intentions more fully than does the English serial. But the likely explanation for this fact is entirely non-aesthetic; the editors of Macmillan's Magazine were forced to excise several passages in order to fit Hardy's copy into available space in their magazine. Proof of this assertion is circumstantial: the eighth, ninth, and twelfth monthly portions in Macmillan's Magazine, from which the following material was deleted, end flush on the bottom of the last page given to the particular month's serial. A 250-word-long passage describing a meeting in church between Fitzpiers and Mrs. Charmond early in their affair is in the American text (p. 260), as are the following italicized passages describing Mrs. Charmond's haste and emotion in returning home after her trip to Melbury's on the night of Fitzpiers' accident:

Also contained in the manuscript and the American texts of The Woodlanders, though not in the English serial, are Grace's wish that either she or Marty had been Giles's wife "for a little while, and given the world a copy of him who was so valuable in their eyes" (p. 404),

a long sentence commenting upon Fitzpiers' "marvellous escape from being dragged into the inquiry" following Mrs. Charmond's death (p. 404), and Tim Tangs's exclamation at finding the man-trap (p. 423). Of these deletions from the manuscript and American readings from Macmillan's Magazine, the last two were reinstated into the English text in the English first edition [text number 5 of the list at the beginning of this paper].