University of Virginia Library

A Bibliographical Account of The Gentleman's Magazine, 1731-1754
by
William B. Todd

Excepting the several numbers examined by Professor Leed only last year in these Studies (XVII, 210-214), the bibliographical history of the Gentleman's Magazine is entirely conjectural, with all editions undefined, early printings unlocated, piracies and counterfeits undetected and—excepting again the work of a few Johnsonians—all textual revision completely unnoticed. The matter last mentioned obviously depends upon a determination of those preceding and may therefore await a later report. Of primary concern now is the citation of data which will assist readers not only in identifying the significant variants which have come to my attention but in spotting others as yet unseen. For this purpose the report is limited to volumes originally printed during the term of Cave's proprietorship, a period extending just short of the date when Johnson withdrew his services but, I believe, just beyond the time when conditions later necessitated some resetting. Within this range there are 24 annual volumes, comprising 312 separate numbers,[1] some printed at least nine times, all occurring in states differing in every set, and many thereafter confused in mixtures of several sets. Short of providing a facsimile of the whole series, together with a description of equal length, the only practicable means of dealing with these infinitely varied combinations is first by a general survey of the problem, then by three groups of tables, each with an appropriate commentary.

The problem is immediately apparent in the first number. Of the original January 1731 title, described the upper part by Carlson,[2] the

lower by Nichols,[3] there are presumably three essential features: (a) a peculiar subtitle "Trader's Monthly Intelligencer"; (b) an original cut of St. John's Gate; (c) an imprint reading "Printed for the Author; and sold at St. John's Gate; by F. Jefferies, in Ludgate-street; and all other Booksellers, and by the Persons who serve Gentlemen with the Newspapers." The fact is that no two of these particulars can be found together in any 18th-century publication. Subtitle (a), said to occur in the first number only, appears seventeen times: in the original edition of the first eight numbers, in eight early reprints of numbers 1-6, and in the first setting of the general title for the entire volume. Woodcut (b), not represented in any of the editions just cited, if considered in relation to the imprint, is either the third or fourth in a series of eight, all used for original and many again for reprinted work. Imprint (c) is fifteenth in a series of twenty-four and, in this form, occurs not before August 1733 in an original edition, and thus not before the same date in a "fifth edition" of the earliest number. Hence it may be surmised that Francis Jefferies, instead of being the earliest collaborator in Cave's enterprise, ranks after eight booksellers previously recorded (imprints 1-6, Table III) and along with fifteen others who now and then join him (imprints 7-14) in various arrangements prior to the one specified in the August 1733 printing. Even so, it is comforting to realize that Nichols was here citing as first what may be duly certified as an authentic fifth edition, and not a counterfeit of this (with earlier woodblock but later imprint, issued ca. 1753), nor a legitimate sixth (issued earlier than the spurious fifth, ca. 1742), nor a counterfeit of that (with identical imprint but issued, apparently, ca. 1786), nor at last a mongrelized type-facsimile of the first edition, reproducing the original 1731 subtitle, a block-style appropriate for 1732, but honestly dated 1806. Evidently if this Magazine represents "an epoch in the Literary History" of England,[4] the first chapter has yet to be written.

For what has already been reported some extenuation is now in order. No doubt Mr. Carlson, the more recent authority, eventually discovered that among the eighteen libraries mentioned in his preface not one contained any edition of the original number earlier than the fourth—not even such venerable institutions as Harvard, Yale, the British Museum or the Bodleian—and thus, it seems, came to rely on the 1806 fabrication (the only one combining the a and b features) which he perhaps examined either in the reading room at Yale or in

the Douce Collection at the Bodleian. For John Nichols, writing as the proprietor of the Magazine in 1821, there was somewhat less excuse, since he was probably well aware that his own file copy represented a late substitute for volumes previously destroyed, some in the fire of 7 May 1786, others in the holocaust of 8 February 1808.[5] After the latter date the only copy readily available was the two-volume "facsimile" souvenir issued by another publisher in 1806; but even this appears to have had a very short existence, for on 27 May 1809 the printer, Joseph Smeeton, and his wife, together with all their worldly goods, were "entirely consumed" in flames.[6] In 1837 an original edition of these two volumes was reported in the Dresden Library;[7] yet that too, presumably, disappeared in the conflagration of 13-15 February 1945. No wonder, then, that the "first chapter" of this history is still unwritten: the whole matter is highly combustible.

Nonetheless a few copies of the earlier issues have recently been identified, and from these and others we may now speculate on such general topics as original conditions of sale, factors affecting reissue, size of total issue, and present state of the volumes examined.

When the Magazine was first issued, at 6d in blue wrappers,[8] its sale at once and for months to come exceeded all expectations. Notices below original imprints announce in March 1731 a second edition of the first number, in May a reprinting of the two earliest numbers, and in July a reprinting now through five numbers. Thereafter all numbers remained available until November 1733, when it was reported that those for 1731 "are reprinting some of them the Fourth time"—a statement

immediately amended in December to "the Fifth time."[9] Meanwhile the February 1732 imprint advertised a few copies "printed on fine Royal Paper, large margin, for the Curious, at 1s each Month." This issue, offered first in marbled wrappers,[10] was also reprinted at least once,[11] apparently without further notice to that effect.

Thus far, through 1733, the original settings appear not to have been held for any later reprint, and the increasing demand for back numbers thus necessitated, at frequent intervals, ever larger issues of new editions. However closely these may resemble original printings, the later editions can easily be differentiated and their occurrence tabulated as follows:

             

Volume date	1731	1732	1733	1734
First editions	12	12	13	13
Regularly numbered reprints	29	12	2	1
Counterfeits without edition label	24	14	--	--
Counterfeits with edition label	4	3	8	1
	----	----	----	----
Totals:	69	41	23	15

After 1733, apparently, the issue of the original edition had been so considerably expanded that later settings were required only occasionally, and then long after the initial printing.

Along with this steady expansion it becomes evident, however, both from press figures and headlines, that type is now being retained, perhaps for two or three months at a time, and reimpressed as often as necessary for any number in sudden demand. An "increased and unexpected demand of 3,000 Magazines monthly" is remarked in the Preface to the 1746 volume, where defaulting booksellers were excused on the grounds that "since several months of this year being twice entirely sold, they were obliged to wait for further impressions, which

could not be so speedily worked off, as might be desired, several former months being at the same time in the press, in order to make compleat sets." The occasion here, of course, was the rebellion of '45, now at St. John's Gate resulting in a number of undifferentiated impressions, with some of them partially revised and reset to up-date the historical chronicle. As there was no other event of comparable interest throughout the remainder of the century—or none which a larger press could not handle—I rather suspect that, while some reimpression may continue, this is the last occasion for any major disturbance in the text.

For an estimate as to the size of the earlier editions Cave provides in the number for November 1734 (p. 620) a single clue, this in a fine-print notice to a disappointed contributor that "our Time is limited, and every page in our Bo6k [sic] is a Guinea Charge to us." At that rate the total issue of each 1734 number must have approximated 9000 copies,[12] a count somewhat more, we may presume,[13] than the combined total of all smaller editions (1-5) of the first number issued before that time. Hence, judging by the number and ratio of copies known to me, the extent of these earlier editions may have been about as follows:[14]

     

Edition:	1	2	3	4	5
Copies:	3	16	7	28	30
Issue:	250	1250	500	2250	2500

If the issue was some 9000 in 1734 it may well have reached 10,000 several years later (when Johnson began to edit the "Debates") and in the period July 1741-March 1744 (when he was the sole author of this section) gradually increased to 15,000.[15] Thereafter, as already noted, alarums to the north possibly extended it, temporarily, several thousand more or, if all these earlier estimates are correct, to 18,000. Such a figure, or any other approaching it, would explain why, after so many incendiary events of later time, perhaps a thousand sets are still extant; and why again, in relation to the very small beginning, the earliest editions of the earlier numbers are practically non-existent.

The mere presence of a set, however, is no guarantee of its condition. Though Cave regarded the wrappers as only temporary (GM, 1738, p. ii), he did consider the monthly title, with all its supplementary information, as an essential leaf "which the Binder is therefore by no means to throw away" (1735, p. [786]). Ten years later he was still repeating this injunction (1745, p. [728]), but all to little purpose, for many copies are without these leaves, and some indeed without annual titles as well.

Even more distressing is the pillage of inserted illustrations. For these expensive attractions Cave proceeded very cautiously, venturing at first only a single engraving in the volume for 1735 (facing p. 661), another for 1736 (p. 733) and two folding maps for 1739 (pp. 4, [55]). Then, encouraged no doubt by a favorable response to these efforts, he (or his son) offered five more maps in 1740 (pp. [3], 242, 350, 359, 659), thereafter issued plates for almost every number, and for awhile (June 1752-July 1755) even lavished upon his delighted readers a series of colored illustrations. Yet, excepting the copy later identified as "C", all the sets I have examined now exhibit only remnants of this grand array. Most often the damage was done, I suspect, by the earliest owners, and done so effectively that Samuel Ayscough in his general index of 1789 (reprinted without alteration in 1818) listed only about half the illustrations and, among the colored ones, only two of the seventeen originally included. Possibly it was at his suggestion that, from 1789 onward, the annual volumes, instead of providing occasional "directions" to the binders, regularly incorporate in their own indexes a list of these inserts, and thus preserve a record lost in former years.

However delapidated, the volumes still serve to exemplify the bibliographical record, and to this we may now direct our attention. The commentary is in three parts applicable (1) to all variants and data presented in Tables I-III, (2) to the numbers for 1731-1733 and relevant Tables IV-V, (3) to the numbers for 1734-1754 and accompanying Table VI.

Tables I-III: General Information

Table I (Register of Copies) lists in nine groups the 175 sets examined

or reported.[16] Of these the last two groups, one of series commencing with the two-volume 1806 facsimile edition, the other of indeterminate sets, are not further considered. Each of the seven earlier groups is headed by several copies, labelled A through P, which appear to be of a typical unmixed sequence and therefore serve to represent the issue in later analyses.[17] The "Q" also listed is a strangely atypical combination, apparently of sheets mixed within certain numbers.[18] Collation has extended, for "A" and "B" first edition sets through 1731,[19] for others not readily accessible through 1734, but for control copy "C" and others immediately available through 1754.[20]

Table II (Order of Woodcuts) records, whenever possible by some mnemonic reference, a succession of eight title-blocks (b-i) employed in original editions from September 1731 through June 1790. Of those re-used, sometimes after a considerable interval, for the reprinting of earlier numbers, the one to be especially noted is the defective wheelbarrow variant (h2), a twice-broken cut occurring in original editions of 1781-1782 before it was diverted to variously labelled 1731-1733 reprints issued, I suspect, about 1786.[21] As sets issued at that late date (N-Q) are all made up of various sheets old and new, certain of the newly prepared material—particularly of gatherings within a number—may have escaped notice. In any event, even if not betrayed by cut (h2), these sheets may be identified by paper of a bluish cast, a variety first used in the Magazine for October 1778.

Table III (Order of Imprints) lists the 24 various readings appearing through February 1760 and occasionally reappearing, though no longer applicable, in the reprinting of earlier numbers. Any such recurrence, however, may be exposed by woodblocks of a kind or state postdating original issue. Thus certain imprints appropriate only for 1731-1732 editions (6B, 7A, 9A) accompany a cut (h2) which, as already noted, does not appear until fifty years later.

Table I: Register of Copies

Sets are ordered according to the edition of the first number, English copies cited in full, American by Library of Congress symbol. Defects are noted only for examined copies.

• First edition (3 copies; see fn. 19)
• A. TxDN.
• B. NSU.
• Also examined: MNS.

---

89




• Second edition (16)
• C. W.B. Todd. See fn. 20.
• D. University of London.
• Also examined: Bristol Central Library (2d volume, supplied from another source, is of the I-J sequence); NjP (mixed set). Reported: C-S, IaU, MNS, MsU, N, MjMD, OCl, OU, OkU, TxDaM, WM.


• Third edition (7)
• E. MB (rare book room). January 1731 title excised.
• F. Cambridge University Library.
• Also examined: NN (1731 volume and January titles excised). Reported: CSmH, IU, MoS, OWC.


• Fourth edition (28)
• G. TxU (Griffith). Large paper set, 1731-33, 1735-43, 1745. See fn. 11.
• H. ICU.
• Also examined: Bodleian Library, British Museum (249.c.1); CtY (rare book room). Reported: AzU, CSf, CoU, DLC, GAT, InU, KyBgW, MeU, MiD, MiDB, MtBC, MWiW, NcU, NjNbS, OCU, ODW, PHC, TNV, TxD, UW, V, VLR, VW.


• Fifth edition (35)
• I. John Rylands Library.
• J. ICU.
• K. *CtY (Pottle). Volume title for 1732 excised.
• Also examined: *British Museum (2120.f. 2d volume, supplied from another source, is of the earlier A-F sequence), Manchester Central Library (monthly titles excised), Royal Society, Victoria & Albert Museum; CtY (Franklin), MB (some monthly titles excised), NNC, ViU, TxU (monthly titles excised). Reported: *ArU, CLSU, DSI-M, GEU, IEN, In, LNHT, MHS, MWA, MWC, MdBP, Mi, MoU, NIC, NNA, NPV, NcD, Nh, PPHi, PU, *PWbH, WvU. The starred entries, and probably several others, represent the later fifth edition imprinted E. Cave.


• Sixth edition (30)
• L. CtY (Lewis). Large paper set, cut to normal size. See fn. 11.
• M. MH.
• Also examined: Society of Antiquaries; PBL, PPL, PPL-R (mixed set; see fn. 17). Reported: CLU, CMC, CSt, CtHW, CtNIC, ICN, IGK, KU, LU, MNF, MWelC, MdBG, MdBJ, MiDU, MnHi, NBuG, NNCoC, NjR, ODa, PMA, PSt, RPB, TKL, Vt. Certain of those reported may be of the next sequence.


• Sixth counterfeit edition (7)
• N. Victoria & Albert Museum (Forster).
• O. MBA.
• P. Professor Leo Hughes (U. of Texas).
• Q. Oxford, English Faculty. Anomalous set disregarded in following Tables. See fn. 18.
• Also examined: ViU. Reported: MSM, OrU.


• Facsimile edition, 1806 (18; see fn. 6)
• Examined: Bodleian Library (Douce); CtY (reading room). Reported: CSmH, MA, MdAN, MeB, MeP, MiU-C, NBP, NCH, NRU, NhD, OCl, OOxM, PPAP, PPi, PSC, WaU.

---

90




• Other copies reported in Union List of Serials
• Status undetermined: C, CU, CtW, DeU, GU, IEN-M, InI, KyL, M, MiU, MoSW, NNU-H, NR, OC, OCIW, OO, PBm, TxHR, WaS, WBB. Incorrectly recorded or transferred: IC, MH-BA, Me, MoK, NNS, NNUT, NSchU. Lacking earlier vols: DeWI, Ia, MdBE, MiGr.

Table II: Order of Woodcuts

Though most title-blocks pass through various stages of recutting or deterioration, this account records only those states which fix the chronology of certain reprints. Except for state bi the dates cited below represent the period used in first editions.

                             

Order	Dates	Description
a	1731 Jan-Aug	No block, title completely in letterpress.
b	1731 Sept-1732 Apr, June-Sept	Block, two figures in archway, small circle before right door.
b1	?1731 Oct-	Upper part of towers gouged. Reused only for late reprintings of the May, Sept, Dec 1731 numbers.
c	1732 May, Oct-Nov	Cut with more cross-hatching, no circle before right door. This block is more easily distinguished by the line immediately below it, now with broken n in Monthly.
d	1732 Dec-1733 Apr; 1733 Aug-1741 Apr	Dog with long curled tail, two figures in archway. As in c a broken n below cut. In May 1734 the n is replaced with perfect letter; in Jan 1736 the entire line is deleted.
e	1733 May-July; 1734 Sept-1746 Mar	Equestrian figure in center. Beginning in 1734 this is used interchangeably with d or as the alternate cut in a duplicate setting.
e1	1746 Apr-1751 Nov	Top of left tower broken off.
e2	1751 Dec-1753 Feb	Lower corner left tower also broken off.
f	1753 Mar-1764 Sept	Female, long robed, in center.
g	1764 Oct-1767 June; 1782 Nov-1790 June	Dog with short perpendicular tail, two figures in archway. Within the later period the number for April 1783 was issued without block.
h	1767 July-1768 Feb	Man with wheelbarrow, woman to the side.
h1	1768 Mar-1778 Sept; 1779 July-1781 July	Across block a diagonal break, touching wheel of barrow.
h2	1781 Aug-1782 Oct	Second break, cutting across left window.
i	1778 Oct-1779 June	Wagon, four pedestrians, and dog. Eventually superseded by two old cuts, first h 1-2, then g.

Table III: Order of Imprints

The first two imprints are given at length, the others limited to initial and surname with further reference 'A' for Author, 'B' for Booksellers, 'P' for Persons, 'S' for Pamphlet Shops. Peculiar imprints occurring only in counterfeits are designated by number and letter.

                                                         

Order	Dates	Imprint
1	1731 Jan-Feb	Printed for the Author, and sold by A. Dodd without Temple Bar, and M. Smith at the Royal Exchange, MDCCXXXI. (Price 6d.)
2	1731 Feb	Printed [&c. as in 1 except:] Exchange, R. Raikes, at Gloucester, W. Dicey, at Northampton, J. Abree at Canterbury, and T. Gent at York. MDCCXXXI. (Price 6d.)
3	1731 March-May	A; A. Dodd, A. Smith
4	1731 June	A; B
5	1731 July-Aug	R. Newton; B.
6	1731 Sept	R. Newton
6A		Counterfeits dated '1701'. The damaged block used with this imprint date (b1) appears only with imprints 17 or 21 [Sept-Dec 1734, Oct 1749-Dec 1752].
6B		Counterfeits dated 'MDCCXXXI.' This and other fakes cited below, all occurring with damaged block (h2), were printed ca. 1786.
7	1731 Oct-Dec	F. Jefferies
7A		Counterfeits dated 'MDCCXXXIII', with cut (h2).
8	1732 Jan	F. Jefferies, T. Dormer
9	1732 Feb-June	F. Jefferies; B.
9A		Counterfeit 'New' edition, with cut (h2).
9B		Counterfeit 'Second' edition 'MDCCXXXI, noted only for an October 1731 reprint.
10	1732 July, Sept-Oct	F. Jefferies [& 14 other booksellers]; B
11	1732 Aug	F. Jefferies [& 14 booksellers]
12	1732 Nov	F. Jefferies [& 12 booksellers]
13	1732 Dec-1733 Jan	F. Jefferies; S; B
14	1733 Feb-July	A; F. Jefferies; S; B
15	1733 Aug-Oct	A; F. Jefferies; B; P
16	1733 Nov--1734 Oct	F. Jefferies; B; P
17	1734 Sept--1735 Sept, Dec	A; F. Jefferies; B. In first several months used interchangeably with 16.
18	1735 Oct-Nov	A; F. Jefferies, S. Birt; B
19	1736 Jan--1738 May	E. Cave; B
20	1738 June--1745 Dec	E. Cave, jun; B. Between Feb 1739 and Sept 1754 imprints 20 and 24 occasionally cite total volumes available, a number hereafter given as subscript.
	1746 Feb-Aug
	1748 Feb-Nov
	1749 Jan-Sept

           

21	1746 Jan, Sept--1748 Jan, Dec	E. Cave, jun.
	1749 Oct--1752 Dec
22	1753 Jan-Dec	E. Cave
23	1754 Jan-Apr	Henry and Cave
24	1754 May--1760 Feb	D. Henry and R. Cave. See note for imprint 20.
---

Tables IV-V: Analysis of Numbers 1731-1733

Within the first several years the variation is of such complexity that it is expedient to consider separately two kinds of evidence. Accordingly the tables pertain, IV to issue-sequences immediately recognized by title-points, V to supplementary data identifying the state of numbers now lacking titles.

Table IV successively records, for each number, three features of the title:

Among these varying features the imprint alone may indicate earliest dates of issue. Thus, in the absence (a) of a woodblock, it would appear that imprint 3, used originally from March to May 1731, establishes within that period the issue of second editions similarly imprinted. So also imprint 5, in July-August 1731, determines the issue of second and third editions of identical reading.

Once the earliest block (b) appears, two criteria are available, and time of issue therefore established, usually, by the conjunction of these two. Hence the fourth edition earliest number could not have appeared before February 1732 since the cut (b), though extending from September 1731 to April 1732, is not associated with imprint 9 before February.

Upon the juncture of two or more points, however, any discrepant factor must necessarily fix the date. Thus while the two "fifth" editions earliest number would seem to be of the sequence (d)-(e), displaying in order the "dog" (1732) and "equestrian" (1733) block, this order is reversed by imprint sequence 15 and 22, occurring respectively in 1733 and 1753. Thus again the counterfeit "sixth" edition, though also seemingly

of the year 1742 (when 11 volumes were available), and also bearing imprint 20 (one appropriate to that time), is betrayed by its woodcut (h2) as of an issue not appearing in any original edition before 1781—and, as already suggested (note 21), not evident in any reprinting before 1786.

In checking the variants of a certain number it will be noted that, excepting the first two, the "edition" sequence, if any, is quite disorderly. For July 1731 early accumulated sets exhibit three different "first" editions: A-F the original setting (a) 5; G-H a second setting -(b)9, prepared apparently about the same time as the G-H fourth edition first number [4(b)9]; and I-J a third setting -(e) 17, issued it would seem about a year after I-J fifth edition first number [5 (e) 15]. Then in K-P comes a typographical arrangement appropriate only for 1746 [(e1) 2015], now in the July reprint improperly labelled "fifth" edition; in February, however, correctly described as "sixth" edition; but then, when used three years later for an August number [-(e1) 2018], passed off as another "first" edition—here as the second of three "firsts" following an actual second edition. Apparently in some instances the reprint arrangement is that of the title then being used for first editions; in others, an imitation of the copy now being reprinted; in others still, a combination arbitrarily devised.

Since these irregularities diminish with each passing year, it is convenient to reduce the 16 copy-sequences, in 1732 to 7, in 1733 to 4, and in later years (as noted Table VI) to 1. Throughout, however, notes have been appended to signify other peculiarities either in form or setting.

Table IV: Identity and Order of Issues 1731-1733

                                 

1st Ed.	Number Issued	Copy cited	1731 January	February	March	April	May
1	Jan.	A	(a)1	(a)1	(a)3	(a)3	(a)3
		B	(a)1	(a)2	"	"	"
2	March	C	2(a)3	2(a)3	"	"	"
		D	2(a)3	"	"	"	"
3	July	E	3(a)5	3(a)5	2(a)5	2(a)5	"
		F	3(a)5	"	"	"	2(a)5
4	Feb.,	G	4(b)9	4(c)9	3(b)9	3(b)9	2(c)9
		H	4(b)9	"	"	"	"
5	Aug.,	I	5(e)15	"	"	"	-(e)17
	1733	J	5(e)15	5(d)16	-(e)17	5(e)17	"
'5'	1753	K	5(d)22	6(e1)2015	"	"	"
6	1742	L	6(e)2011	"	-(d)208	4(d)20	-(b1)17
		M	6(e)2011	"	"	"	2(c)9
'6'	1786	N	6(h2)2011	"	3(b)9	N(h2)9A	N(h2)9A
		O	6(h2)2011	"	-(d)208	"	"
		P	6(h2)2011	"	"	"	"

N.B. In these two-page openings space is allowed below each sequence for owners to register the points in their own copies.

                                 

Copy	June	July	August	September	October	November	December
A	(a)4	(a)5	(a)5	(b)6	(b)7	(b)7	(b)7
B	"	"	"	"	"	"	"
C	"	"	"	"	"	"	"
D	"	"	"	"	"	"	"
E	"	"	"	"	"	"	"
F	-(a)5	"	"	"	2(a)9B	2(b)9	-(b)8
G	2(c)9	-(b)9	2(b)9	3(c)9	"	"	2(b)9
H	"	"	"	(b)6	3(e)14	(b)7	-(b)8
I	-(e)17	-(e)17	-(e)17	3(c)9	"	"	3(d)9
J	"	"	"	-(e)17	"	3(d)14	"
K	-(e1)17	5(e1)2015	"	"	4(d)7	4(e)20	"
L	"	"	"	-(b1)6A	"	"	4(b1)21
M	2(c)9	"	-(e1)2018	"	"	"	"
N	-(e2)14	"	-(h2)6B	"	-(h2)6B	3(d)14	-(h2)6B
O	"	"	"	"	"	-(h2)6B	"
P	"	"	"	-(h2)6B	"	"	"

                       

Jan.1731 editions	Typical copies	1732 January	February	March	April	May
1-2	C	(b)8	(b)9	(b)9	(b)9	(c)9
1-2	D	"	"	"	2(c)9	"
3-4	F	-(b)9	-(b)9	"	2(b)9	-(b)9
5	J	4(d)16	-(e)19	-(e)15	3(e)17	2(c)9
6	L	"	-(d)16	2(d)209	"	-(d)209
6	M	5(e2)23	"	-(e)15	"	"
'6'	N	"	-(b)9	(b)9	2(b)9	(c)9
Jan.1731 editions	Typical copies	1733 January	February	March	April	May
1-6	C,M	(d)13	(d)14	(d)14	(d)14	(e)14
6	L	2(d)16	5(e)15	-(d)14	-(d)14	"
'6'	N	"	"	-(e2)14	-(d)14	"

                       

1732 June	July	August	September	October	November	December
(b)9	(b)10	(b)11	(b)10	(c)10	(c)12	(d)13
"	"	"	"	"	"	"
"	"	-(b)11	"	"	"	"
2(d)9	-(e)17	-(e)19	2(e)17	2(d)16	"	2(d)16
"	"	"	"	"	5(e)2010	"
"	"	-(e2)2423	"	"	"	"
(b)9	(b)10	-(b)11	(b)10	(c)10	(c)12	(d)13
1733 June	July	August	September	October	November	December
(e)14	(e)14	(d)15	(d)15	(d)15	(d)16	(d)16
"	"	"	-(e)17	-(e)17	-(d)16	-(d)19
"	"	-(h2)7A	"	"	"	"

Table V: Text Points 1731-1733

The edition of copies lacking titles is here determined by the position of signature letter in the first (and, if necessary, the second) signed gathering. For each number this account records, in order, a page reference (which, however, may be applicable only to original setting); citation of several copies already identified by title, or by the present means, in Table IV; notice in italics, by caret, or by punctuation mark, of the point in text above initial letter of the signature. Certain variants not identified here may be cited in notes to the preceding Table.

• 1731


• Jan. Page 9
• A-B affairs
• C-D relating
• E-F relating
• G-H that
• I-J which
• K whichV
• L-P Spleen


• Feb. [51]
• A-B conceptions
• C-D conceptions
• E-F conceptions
• G-H assistance
• I-J or
• K-P could


• Mar. [97]
• A-D them
• E-F Christians.V
• a
• G-I Christians.
• J-K Christians.
• L-M Christians.V
• VW---


• Apr. [145]
• A-D or
• E-F earth
• G-I purest
• J-K purest
• L-M the


• May. [189]
• A-E MARLBOROUGH
• F MARLBOROUGH
• G-H invested
• I-K invested
• L invested
• N-O benumbed


• June [235]
• A-E contains
• F containsV
• G-H an
• I-J anV
• K-L VIndolence
• N-P unreasonable


• July 277
• A-F his
• G-H Measures
• I-J VMeasures
• K-P dominions


• 1731


• Aug. Page 319
• A-F enlarge
• G-H Respects
• I-K Readers
• M preventV
• N-P to


• Sept. 365
• A-F be
• G Vin
• J-K before
• L-O inV
• Vin
• P inV
• tremble


• Oct. 413
• A-E willingly
• Town
• F-G Vthan
• H-J than
• K-M willingly
• N-P willingly
• from


• Nov. 461
• A-E better
• F-G better
• Anguish,
• J better
• K-M better
• Anguish,


• Dec. 509
• A-F have
• G London
• I-K reject
• Vof
• L-M reject
• division
• N-P or
• 1732


• Jan. 551
• CDF forgiving
• JLM Vare
• N Vforgiving


• Feb. 595
• CD Attention
• F Attention
• J Government
• LM Government
• N Attention


• 1732


• Mar. Page 641
• CDFN Notice
• JM the
• L Orators


• Apr. 687
• CDFN Object
• JLM Hurt


• May 731
• CDFN Institution
• J Institution
• LM InstitutionV


• June 781
• CDFN never
• JLM Persons


• July 833
• CDFN Match
• JLM a


• Aug. [881]
• CD large
• FN Support
• JL powerfulV
• M Assistance


• Sept. [935]
• CDFN Reasons
• JLM griev'd


• Oct. 987
• CDFN much
• JLM against


• Nov. 1037
• CDF Vof
• LM of


• Dec. 1089
• CDFN one
• JLM Reply


• 1733


• Jan. Page 1
• CM Consequence
• LN them


• Feb. 57
• CM as
• LN and


• Mar. 113
• CM demn'd
• VNow
• L in
• N demn'd
• Stalks


• Apr. 169
• CM beV
• L obliged


• May 225
• [all] People


• June 281
• [all] receive


• July 337
• [all] beV


• Aug. 393
• CLM VAffair
• N notV


• Sept. 449
• CM Notice
• LN Notice


• Oct. 505
• CM Work
• LN cruel


• Nov. 561
• CM of
• LN greatV


• Dec. 617
• CM Tobacco
• LN trade


• Suppl. [671]
• [all] that

Table VI: Analysis of Numbers 1734-1754

In the first three years both woodblock and imprint went through numerous changes (a-e for the one, 1-16 for the other), all disclosing in one combination or another a number of variants easily classified and ordered. Over the next twenty-one years, however, these features change much less frequently (d-f, 17-24), and any one combination may persist for a considerable period: (d) 19, for example, extending over 25 months without interruption, and (e1) 21 lasting once for 17 and once again for 26 months. As these points become stabilized it is therefore necessary to introduce new variables, these preferably of a kind exhibiting, in editions now of greatly enlarged issue, reimpressions from standing type.

Whatever its extent, no list of points will encompass every contingency. Press-figures, the most convenient index, have occurred only once before, in May 1732, and then as a single asterisk dropped in the course of printing. Figures again appear several times in 1734, there signifying all sorts of confusion,[22] but then disappear forever. Broken headline types, cited last year by Mr. Leed to differentiate certain 1742 variants, provide no clue as to the order of printing and—as I have already determined—fail to distinguish the revised impressions of 1745-1746.

Certain other evidence, though also ineffective for rapid reimpressions of the 1745-1746 type, does provide, usually, a ready means for ordering the variants. Apart from the two points now considered (woodblock and imprint), this may be discovered in three other features: (3) last entry to left of woodblock, ordinarily recording the most recent periodical issued in London; (4) last entry to right of woodblock, noting papers—but not by name—printed elsewhere; (5) ornamental block heading first page of text, hereafter identified by central figure. With some exceptions all five points remain in a certain combination, or in a typographical skeleton, only from

one to three monthly numbers.[23] Hence original editions set within that particular skeleton will establish the date of reprints similarly enclosed.

A resetting precisely defined by these means appears in the January 1741 number:

     

Points 1-2	3	4	5
(d)2010	Englishman	Sherborn	head	[Copy C]
(e)2011	Champion	Sherborn	cherub	[Copy G]

The later edition, citing 11 volumes available, indicates an issue in 1742 (1731+11), and reference to The Champion further limits the issue to May or June of that year.

The several 1742 variants identified by Mr Leed are also susceptible to this approach. These are listed in his sequence, but with key letters reordered, if necessary, to account for the point latest occurring in the combination (signified by an asterisk) and the date of that occurrence (entered to the right).

       

January 1742 (three editions)
A.	(e)2011	Hyp Doctor	Sherborn	sun
C.	* (e1)20	Whitehall Ev Post	Cambridge	vase	[April 1746]
B.	(e)2011	*Champion	Sherborn	cherub	[May 1742]

Edition "B," it will be noted, displays the same combination as that used in the later edition of January 1741. Edition "C", though representing elements all occurring as early as April 1746, doubtless was not printed until 1747, for it still mistakenly carries, in the skeleton first page of text, a reference to that year.

February 1742 (one edition partially reimpressed[24] and, as now determined, a second setting)

   

A1-2.	(e)2011	Hyp Doctor	Sherborn	sun
B.	(e2)2011	*World	Glasgow	rose	[Jan. 1753]

Though edition "B" again cites 11 volumes as then available, the reference now merely imitates the earlier imprint proper to 1742. The woodblock also is the same, though here deteriorated to state 2, first evident in December 1751. At this later date entry to right of block is invariant (Glasgow being represented from September 1749 to January 1767), but the one to left, The World, occurs only from January to October 1753 and thus among these points becomes the limiting factor.

Less significant but still differentiated are the two numbers next cited.

March 1742 (one edition twice partly reimpressed[25])

   

A1.	(e)2011	Hyp Doctor	Sherborn	sun
A2-3.	(e)2011	Hyp Doctor	Sherborn	*cherub [April 1742]

October 1742 (one edition reimpressed)    

A1.	(e)2011	Westminster Journal Sherburn	sun
A2.	(e)2011	Westminster Journal *Birmingham	sun [November 1742]

Not to be distinguished by either means, Mr. Leed's or my own, are two other numbers in 1742. Here the first signed pages (401 and 457) have as further references in direction line:    

August	[1] none	[2] (August 1742)
September	[1] (August 1742.)	[2] September 1742.)

To discover these, and perhaps other variants of greater consequence, one must resort to direct collation.

For certain numbers in 1734-1736 the several variables occasionally reveal, in the two leaves to which they apply, a duplicate setting simultaneously printed of these leaves only. This situation may arise whenever, in half-sheet imposition, there is an extra two-leaf fold which, if unduplicated, would occupy only half a forme. Thus in the three successive 1734 collations given below an alternate setting should not be expected in August (with two doubletons, probably imposed together), but may be found both in September[26] (with three) and in October[27] (with only one).

   

August	September	October
π2 3D-3H4 3I-3K4	π2 3L2 3M4 3N2 3O-3S4	3T2 3U-3Z4 3A-3C4

For these and other monthly numbers with duplicate preliminaries (and hence differing woodblocks, letterpress, and ornaments), I list first the points in control copy "C".[28] Entry to right of block, invariably Barbados throughout this series, is omitted.

                             

1734
	September	(e)17	York 2 News	bowl
		(d)16	Gen. Ev. Post	sun
	October	(d)16	Gen. Ev. Post	sun
		(e)17	York 2 News	bowl
	November[29]	(e)17	The Prompter	sun
		(d)17	The Pramsteer	bowl
1735
	September[30]	(d)17	D. Gazetteer	head
		(e)17	D. Gazetteer	vase
	November[31]	(e)18	D. Gazetteer	vase
		(d)18	D. Gazetteer	head
1736
	March	(d)19	Lon D. Post	lyre
		(e)19	D. Gazetteer	head

In Supplements, where the only point is the ornament above caption title first page of text, this point alone will suffice, for no ornament can be used more than once in a duplicate setting. Thus the Supplement for 1750 exhibits in C and P copies respectively, a head and urn. At first glance it would appear that this number, like the one for August 1734, is not subject to duplication, since there are two quarter-sheets[32] which could be combined: 12 2-34 42 5-64. However, it must be remembered that the annual title and preface fold is printed with this extra number, and was here doubtless imposed with gathering 4, leaving 1 as an odd doubleton to be set twice.

With due reference to the several matters cited above, the following Table denotes, throughout by the symbol τ, some thirty-seven variants from the main impression as represented by "C" and equivalent copies. Among other variants yet undisclosed an appreciable number, I suspect, may be identified and ordered by the criteria now established.

Table VI: First Editions, 1734-1736

Last entry to right of title block is invariably Barbados.

                                                                                   

Month 1734	Title block, imprint & last entry to left		First text page	First signed page, signature position
[†]Jan	(d)16	Auditor	sun	5 and
[†]Feb	"	What d'ye call't	flower	61 I.V
Mar	"	"	"	117 Prince
[†]Apr	"	"	sun	173 allow'd
May	"	"	"	229 others
June	"	Gen. Ev. Post	"	285 among
July	"	"	bowl	341 Laws
Aug	"	"	"	401 Attempts
[†]Sept	(e)17	York 2 News	"	461 surely
[†]Oct	(d)16	Gen. Ev. Post	sun	[519] VHence
[†]Nov	(e)17	The Prompter	"	577 artfully
[†]Dec	"	"	"	637 Chandler
[†]suppl	----	----	bowl	[709] Standing
1735
Jan	(e)17	The Prompter	head	5 it
Feb	"	Week. Oracle	cherub	61 Plan
Mar	"	Old Whig	"	117 contrived
Apr	"	"	bowl	173 Choice
May	"	"	"	229 Lordships
June	"	"	"	285 enormous
[†]July	(d)17	D. Gazetteer	cherub	341 have
Aug	"	"	"	453 have
[†]Sept	"	"	head	509 standing
Oct	(d)18	"	vase	569 no
[†]Nov	(e)18	"	"	629 Courts
Dec	(e)17	"	"	689 "That
suppl	----	----	head	[741] relating
1736
Jan	(d)19	D. Gazetteer	head	5 Power
Feb	"	"	"	61 Address
[†]Mar	"	Lon. D. Post	lyre	117 certainly
Apr	(e)19	York News	"	177 was
May	(d)19	Lond D. Post	"	237 all
June	"	"	"	301 Affairs
July	"	"	"	365 VPreheminence
Aug	"	"	"	433 Crown
Sept	"	"	sun	497 such
[*]Oct	"	"	lyre	561 Michaelmas.
Nov	"	"	cherub	629 have
Dec	"	"	"	693 K.
suppl	----	----	lyre	[753] upon

Last entry right of block: 1737 Jan-May, Barbados; 1737 June-1739 Jan, Jamaica &c; 1739 Feb-Mar, Sherbon; 1739 Apr-Dec, Sherborn.

First Editions, 1737-1739

                                                                                   

Month 1737	Title block, imprint & last entry to left		First text page	First signed page, signature position
Jan	(d)19	Lond D. Post	head	5 Wisdom
[†]Feb	"	Com. Sense	"	69 should
Mar	"	"	lyre	133 ordain'd
Apr	"	"	"	197 Historians
May	"	"	"	261 unintelligible
June	"	"	"	325 See
July	"	"	"	375 SeeV
Aug	"	"	"	459 Condition
Sept	"	"	"	523 will
Oct	"	"	"	583 the
Nov	"	"	"	647 mittedV
Dec	"	"	"	711 Inconveniencies
suppl	----	----	head	[771] theV
1738
Jan	(d)19	Com. Sense	vase	5 Character
[*]Feb	"	"	sun	61 to
Mar	"	"	vase	117 went
Apr	"	"	"	173 whenV
May	"	"	cherub	229 ChargesV
[*]June	(d)20	"	vase	285 liputianV
July	"	"	sun	333 unjust
Aug	"	"	"	389 since
Sept	"	Old C. Sense	cherub	445 givenV
Oct	"	"	"	501 Profusion
Nov	"	"	"	557 theV
Dec	"	"	"	613 redress
[†]suppl	----	----	vase	[665] ofV
1739
[†]Jan	(d)20	Old C. Sense	head	5 Entertainment,
Feb	(d)208	The Citizen	"	57 have
Mar	"	"	"	113 Seckendorf
Apr	"	"	"	169 de
May	"	"	"	225 missioners
June	"	Com. Sense	"	281 him
July	"	"	vase	337 vourableV
Aug	"	"	"	393 Experience,
Sept	"	"	"	449 Occasion
Oct	"	"	"	505 to
Nov	"	"	"	561 perished,
Dec	"	"	"	613 and
suppl	----	----	head	[665] our

Last entry right of block: 1740 Jan-1741 Feb, 1741 Sep-1742 June, 1742 Oct, Sherborn; 1741 Mar-June, Country Oracle; 1741 July-Aug, Country Ora; 1742 July-Sep, Colchester; 1742 Nov-Dec, Birmingham.

First Editions, 1740-1742

                                                                                   

Month 1740	Title block, imprint & last entry to left	First text page	First signed page, signature position
Jan	(d)209	Com. Sense	head	[5] Lords,
Feb	"	"	vase	45 SeaV;
Mar	"	"	cherub	101 to
Apr	"	"	"	157 there
May	"	"	"	213 the
June	"	"	"	269 inV
July	"	Champion	"	325 Commissaries
Aug	"	Eve. Post	"	365 Vhis
Sept	"	"	"	421 Blefuscudians
Oct	"	"	"	477 willV
Nov	"	Englishman	"	533 Peril
Dec	"	"	"	581 their
suppl	----	----	head	[629] notV
1741
[†]Jan	(d)2010	Englishman	head	9 whichV
Feb	"	"	2 row orn	57 Consideration
Mar	"	"	1 row orn	117 both
Apr	"	"	sun	173 Vas
May	(e)2010	"	"	233 Shaftsbury
June	"	"	"	285 Allemannu,V
July	"	Com. Sense	"	345 mitV
Aug	"	Hyp Doc-/tor	"	397 Constitution,
Sept	"	Hyp Doc-tor	"	453 but
Oct	"	Hyp Doctor	"	509 layV
Nov	"	"	"	563 without
Dec	"	"	"	619 mendation
suppl	----	----	"	[671] Author
1742
[†]Jan	(e)2011	Hyp Doctor	sun	5 misled
[†]Feb	"	"	"	61 toV
[†]Mar	"	"	"	117 SenateV
Apr	"	Constitutionalist	cherub	173 Law.V
May	"	Champion	"	233 the
June	"	"	"	289 Proxies
July	"	Westminster/	"	345 important
[†]Aug	"	Journal	sun	401 our
[†]Sept	"	"	"	457 Diligence
[†]Oct	"	"	"	513 Vof
[†]Nov	"	"	"	561 destroy
Dec	"	"	"	617 purchased
suppl	----	----	"	[665] Lords

Last entry right of block: 1743 Jan-1744 May, Birmingham; 1744 June-Sept, Manchester; 1744 Oct-1745 Dec, Bath.

First Editions, 1743-1745

                                                                                   

Month 1743	Title block, imprint & last entry to left	First text page	First signed page, signature position
Jan	(e)2012	Westminster/	head	5 Vnot
Feb	"	Journal	flower	61 and
Mar	"	"	"	121 Vof
Apr	"	"	sun	173 political
May	"	"	vase	229 fluence,
June	"	"	"	289 Accounts
July	"	"	sun	345 nerally
Aug	"	"	vase	401 indeed,
Sept	"	"	flower	457 Imperial
Oct	"	"	vase	509 theV
Nov	"	"	"	565 Community
Dec	"	"	"	625 theV
suppl	----	"	"	[673] their
1744
[†]Jan	(e)2013	Westminster /	urn	5 The
Feb	"	Journal	sun	61 therefore
Mar	"	Old England	"	125 tlemen
[†]Apr	"	"	"	177 Charters
May	"	"	"	237 Vurged
June	"	"	vase	293 theV
July	"	"	"	349 thought
Aug	"	"	"	405 might
Sept	"	"	"	461 Continent
Oct	"	"	"	517 whenV
Nov	"	"	"	573 importance
Dec	"	"	sun	629 which
suppl	----	----	vase	[681] tending
1745
Jan	(e)2014	Old England	vase	9 Vtroops
Feb	(e)2013	"	sun	61 toV
Mar	(e)2014	"	"	117 ministers
Apr	"	"	"	177 toV
May	"	"	"	233 adding
June	"	"	"	289 earl
July	"	"	vase	341 littleV
Aug	"	Lon. Courant	"	401 I
[†]Sept	"	"	"	453 theV
[†]Oct	"	"	sun	513 theV
Nov	"	"	"	565 uncertainty
Dec	"	True Patriot	"	625 mortally
suppl	----	----	"	[673] indeed

Last entry to right of block: 1746 Jan-Feb, Bath; 1746 Mar-1748 Dec, Cambridge.

First Editions, 1746-1748

                                                                                   

Month 1746	Title block, imprint & last entry to left	First text page	First signed page, signature position
Jan	(e)21	True Patriot	vase	9 From
[†]Feb	(e)2015	Whitehall Ev/	"	65 proposed
Mar	"	Post	sun	121 it
Apr	(e1)2015	"	vase	177 Another
[†]May	"	"	sun	233 possessed
June	"	"	vase	285 for
July	"	"	sun	341 resumed
Aug	"	"	"	397 assumed
[†]Sept	(e1)21	"	"	453 same
[†]Oct	"	"	"	517 sink
Nov	"	"	"	569 That
Dec	"	"	"	625 Bodied
suppl	----	----	"	[673] theV
1747
Jan	(e1)21	Whitehall Ev/	fire	9 Troops
Feb	"	Post	vase	61 be
Mar	"	"	sun	117 Affingit
Apr	"	"	vase	165 head
May	"	"	"	213 mother's
June	"	"	sun	261 occasion
July	"	"	"	309 reader
Aug	"	"	"	365 Scrupeae
Sept	"	"	vase	413 vince.
Oct	"	"	sun	461 grey,
Nov	"	"	vase	509 engagements
Dec	"	Remembrancer	shell	557 from
[*] [τ] suppl	----	----	sun	[597] journies
1748
Jan	(e1)21	Remembrancer	head	9 need
Feb	(e1)2017	"	shell	57 night
Mar	"	"	"	105 week
Apr	"	"	vase	153 Vall
May	"	"	"	201 Vand
June	"	"	"	249 would
July	"	"	sun	297 Mr
Aug	"	"	shell	345 VDead
Sept	"	"	vase	393 territory
Oct	"	"	shell	441 country
Nov	"	"	vase	489 follow'd
[†]Dec	(e1)21	"	shell	537 voyage
suppl	----	----	vase	[577] submitted

Last entry to right of block: 1749 Jan-Aug, Cambridge; 1749 Sept-1751 Dec, Glasgow.

First Editions, 1749-1751

                                                                                   

Month 1749	Title block, imprint & last entry to left	First text page	First signed page, signature position
Jan	(e1)2018	Remembrancer	vase	9 heads,
Feb	"	"	sun	57 battleV
Mar	"	"	vase	105 miracles
Apr	"	"	shell	153 the
May	"	"	"	201 The
June	"	"	vase	249 aboutV
July	"	"	shell	297 they
Aug	"	"	"	345 admission
Sept	"	"	"	393 prince.
Oct	(e1)21	Lon. Review	"	441 would
Nov	"	"	vase	489 i.e.
Dec	"	"	shell	537 believing
[*]suppl	----	----	sun	[577] ofV
1750
Jan	(e1)21	Lon. Review	head	9 worthV
Feb	"	"	vase	57 those
Mar	"	Rambler	shell	105 The
Apr	"	"	"	153 ecliptic
May	"	"	"	201 cessary
June	"	"	"	249 See
[†]July	"	"	"	297 uncommon
Aug	"	"	vase	'245' defiance
Sept	"	"	"	393 not
Oct	"	"	"	441 casional
Nov	"	"	"	489 I'llV
Dec	"	"	"	537 -So
[*] [τ]suppl	----	----	head	[577] and
1751
[†]Jan	(e1)21	Rambler	head	9 quality
Feb	"	"	urn	57 take
Mar	"	"	vase	105 thanksgiving
Apr	"	"	"	155 122.
May	"	"	sun	201 and
June	"	"	vase	249 saw
July	"	"	sun	297 This
Aug	"	"	vase	345 prime
Sept	"	Inspector	flower	393 Vtheir
Oct	"	"	"	441 those
Nov	"	"	house	489 Vand
Dec	(e2)21	Cov. Garden/Journ.	"	537 bout
[*]suppl	----	----	"	[577] makeV

Last entry to right of block is invariably Glasgow.

First Editions, 1752-1754

                                                                                   

Month 1752	Title block, imprint & last entry to left	First page	First signed page signature position
Jan	(e2)21	Dr. Lane Jo.	house	9 convocation
Feb	"	"	"	57 complains
Mar	"	"	"	105 Edinburgh,V
Apr	"	"	"	157 subjects
May	"	"	"	205 done
June	"	"	"	253 subservient
July	"	"	"	301 with,
Aug	"	Cov. Garden/	"	349 present
Sept	"	Journ	"	397 officeV
Oct	"	"	sun	445 'yeaV
Nov	"	Adventurer	flower	501 O
Dec	"	Scourge	"	549 medium
[*]suppl	----	----	"	[589] towards
1753
Jan	(e2)22	World	sun	9 fashions
Feb	"	"	"	65 wards
Mar	(f)22	"	"	113 Newgate
Apr	"	"	vase	161 about
May	"	"	sun	213 the
June	"	"	"	261 direction
July	"	"	"	309 faetid
Aug	"	"	"	357 ceiving
Sept	"	"	"	405 side
Oct	"	"	"	457 -At
Nov	"	Spectator	"	505 tinued
[*]Dec	"	"	urn	555 feet
[*] [τ]suppl	----	----	vase	[597] apprize
1754
Jan	(f)23	Spectator	urn	9 took
Feb	"	"	flower	61 it
Mar	"	Ev. Advertiser	"	109 cocnato
Apr	"	"	"	157 VApril
May	(f)24	"	"	205 VMay
June	"	"	"	257 4I
July	"	"	"	305 length
[*]Aug	(f)2423	"	"	353 Mag.V
Sept	"	"	"	401 selves
Oct	(f)24	"	"	449 criminal
Nov	"	"	"	497 ask
Dec	"	"	"	545 which
[*]suppl	----	----	"	[585] shops

Notes

       

	1731							1732		1733
Title gathering:	Jan	Feb	Mar	May	July	Aug	Sep	May	July	Feb	Mar
	N-P	G-H	G-I	G-H	G-H	G-H	G,I	L-M	CDF	CM	N
1st signed gathering:	I-J	I-J	J-K	I-K	I-J	I-K	J-K	J	L-M	L,N	L

Points for first signed gathering are recorded in Table V.