 | |  |
The British Critic and the Oxford
Movement
by
Esther Rhoads
Houghton
When Newman and his friends first became seriously alarmed in 1833 over what they felt to be attacks upon the traditional position of the Church of England, they decided that they were in duty bound to alert their fellow clergy and the interested public. One immediate result of this decision was, of course, the inauguration of the Tracts for the Times. Presently, early in 1836, another less well-known decision was taken: to give expression to their views in an old Church of England monthly, the British Critic.[1]
In 1826 this magazine, which had been founded in 1793, was incorporated into the Quarterly Theological Review, and continued from 1827 as The British Critic, Quarterly Theological Review and Ecclesiastical Record, until its abrupt cessation in 1843. In February, 1836, Newman wrote to Keble, "I have bargained to supply Boone [the editor] with four sheets quarterly for the 'British Critic.'"[2] James Shergold Boone soon found his new colleagues too Catholic for his taste, and Newman's friends likewise were distrustful. By April 2nd, S. F. Wood, a former pupil and close friend, was writing, "I still find
Among the Newman papers at the Oratory at Birmingham is a small collection of manuscripts which deal first of all with this gradual transfer to Newman, then with his own editorship, and finally with that of his successor down to the termination of the British Critic with the October issue in 1843.[6] While these papers have been labeled by Newman "British Critic—Letters to T. Mozley, as Editor, 1841-1843,"
These begin with some pages evidently torn from a journal, the earliest date being January 30, 1838, and the latest, May 7th, of the same year. Here in the form of brief notes is the record of his plans for the review. Following the pages from the journal is a sheet headed "Writers" on which various categories are specified, together with the names of the men Newman hoped would contribute to them. The next sheet contains an enumeration of subjects, again specifying in many cases the desired contributors, and in some cases marked "done." A third is entitled "Contents of Numbers, July, 1838," and shows that Newman's plans were taking definite shape, for it identifies the subject and author of each of the nine articles which appeared in the July issue, as well as six articles destined for later numbers.
Apparently a good many years afterward, probably in the fall of 1875, Newman drew up a table of contents, first identifying the contributions of his group under the editorship of Boone, and then giving almost complete lists of articles and their authors during the period of his own editorship. The table of contents appears in two forms, one of which seems to me to have been a tentative or working list, which has been subject to correction and verification in the preparation of the other.[7] It is in Newman's own hand. The other might be described as a "fair copy," made, perhaps, as Father Dessain suggests, by Father William Neville, but in any event submitted to Newman's scrutiny and annotated by him. At Pusey House in Oxford is another listing of contents and contributors, tucked into the final volume of their set of the British Critic. It is closely related to those at the Oratory and bears the same superscription as the fair copy at the Oratory. This list, which appears to be in Newman's hand, has been corrected or queried occasionally, probably by the same person responsible for a series of markings in the Pusey House set.[8] Where there does not seem to be any significant difference in the three lists, I shall merely cite the Newman lists. Otherwise I shall refer to these manuscripts as the autograph list, the fair copy, and the Pusey House list. The fair copy is headed quite formally "British Critic" and is introduced by the
The years 1838-1841 were busy and momentous ones for Newman and his fellow Anglicans. In addition to their regular professional duties, they were translating for The Library of the Fathers and writing Tracts for the Times as well as reviews for the British Critic; and there is a general air of excitement and optimism in Newman's letters. Years afterward, he spoke of June, 1838, as "the zenith of the Tract movement," but added that by August there was "the beginning of a change of fortune."[9] Criticism was gathering force both among the bishops and among the Evangelicals, and Newman was tempted in November to give up the Tracts and the British Critic, to which he was pledged "only to the end of this year" (Letters, II, 269, 273). The storm then seemed to pass off. "In the spring of 1839," he wrote later in the Apologia, "my position in the Anglican Church was at its height"; and he turned again with renewed energy and confidence to the Fathers, the Tracts, and to the British Critic. But by September a heavy blow had fallen, "the first real hit from Romanism which has happened to me."[10] This hit, it will be remembered, was delivered by Nicholas Wiseman in the Dublin Review for August, 1839. It was he who planted a suspicion in Newman's mind that the Anglican Church might be in schism. "This was such a shock to me that I at once made arrangements for giving up the editorship of the British Critic."[11] And yet again he hesitated, bestirring himself to a new burst of activity,
But the plan to resign the editorship took definite form by November, 1840, when he told Bowden: "As to the 'British Critic,' I give it up to T. Mozley in the summer. This I have always wished to do. I shall have had it three years. I shall write for it, I suppose, as much as heretofore, and I hope our friends will not desert him" (Letters, II, 314-315). Thomas Mozley had been a pupil of Newman's at Oriel, and was never quite able to throw off a faint feeling of inferiority in relation to his famous teacher, even after they became brothers-in-law; and, indeed, Newman seems to have had a way of imposing upon him with a slightly paternal condescension, which Mozley must have occasionally found annoying. On the transfer of the direction of the British Critic into his own hands, he remarks that Newman "then proposed to me to take the editorship, which, I need scarcely say, would in such a case be better described by sub-editorship, though I am sure this was not Newman's intention."[12]
Mozley, who had for some time been regretting that the magazine was too limited in scope, and who complained that "when Newman took it up there seemed still more sameness and tediousness," soon found that "editing a Review is a very different thing from criticising it" (Reminiscences, II, 207, 218). Very early did his troubles begin— first with Oakeley and Ward. Since it appeared to him "quite impossible either that any great number of English Churchmen would ever go so far, or that the persons possessing authority in the Church would fail to protest, not to say more," he tried to bring their articles within safer lines. But Ward, and perhaps Oakeley too, ran off "instantly to Newman to complain of my gratuitous impertinence" (Reminiscences, II, 225).
Very early, too, did Newman begin to have qualms about having confided the British Critic to his brother-in-law. With the appearance of Mozley's first number, containing as it did not only a slashing attack on Bishop Jewel and the Reformers by Oakeley but also an article by the editor himself ridiculing Dr. Faussett, the Margaret Professor of Divinity, in very personal terms, Newman scented danger.
In the end it was they more than anyone else who did extinguish the Review, bringing down upon their heads the devastating pamphlet by William Palmer of Worcester, A Narrative of Events Connected with the Publication of the Tracts for the Times. Palmer, one of the original group who had come together in 1833 "for the purpose of resisting Latitudinarian attempts against the established doctrine and discipline, and of defending the principles of the Church,"[14] was now in 1843 very desirous indeed of avoiding any accusation of Roman sympathies by proclaiming himself a staunch and scandalized Anglican. He opened his prefatory remarks thus: "It is the design of the following pages to clear those who uphold Church principles from the imputation of approving certain recent tendencies to Romanism" (p. 87). Where those tendencies were to be found was made so abundantly clear that in spite of its title Palmer's pamphlet could scarcely be viewed as other than an attack upon the British Critic. "Under no conceivable circumstances . . . can the tone adopted by the British Critic," wrote Palmer, "since it passed from the editorship of Mr. Newman in 1841, be excused" (p. 179). Its writers avowedly set aside the interests of the Church of England, and the Review "has for two years been under the influence of those who are uncertain in their allegiance" to the Church (pp. 155-156). Indeed, Palmer goes so far as to hint that these writers "are secretly convinced of the duty of uniting themselves to Rome, and . . . are waiting the moment to declare themselves, while in the mean time they are labouring to insinuate their own persuasion amongst the duped and blinded members of the English Church" (p. 179). The attack on Oakeley and Ward was too clear to be ignored,
Again, as in 1833, Palmer banded together in conference with friends. They waited, he recollected in 1883, upon Mr. F. Rivington, who agreed "to suspend the publication of a periodical which had given such general offence." So the Church was delivered from the quarterly attacks of a magazine which had become "virtually a Roman Catholic organ under Church of England colours. The relief . . . at the termination of this unceasing sore was indescribable" (pp. 242-243). Thus was the British Critic extinguished, partly because of the excesses and indiscretions of some of its contributors; even more fatal, however, to its continuance was the underlying fear of Rome that was gripping the minds of Englishmen in those momentous years.
But before its abrupt termination, it had published, in the five years under the editorship of Newman and Mozley, a distinguished series of essays by a distinguished group of men.
PART I ARTICLES CONTRIBUTED BY THE TRACTARIANS TO THE BRITISH CRITIC, JANUARY, 1836—JANUARY, 1838
- 1836, Volume XIX
- Jan., [R. H. Froude], "Blanco White's Heresy and Orthodoxy," 204-225. Newman lists; repr. Remains, Pt. II, Vol. I.[15]
- Apr., [S. F. Wood],[16] "Bunsen's Hymns and Prayers," 315-325. Newman, Letters, II, 175-176. [J. H. Newman], "Le Bas' Life of Laud," 354-380. Newman lists; Boone to Newman, 24 Feb., 1836.[17]
- 1836, Volume XX
- July, [Edward Churton], "Genius of the Church of Rome," 1-26.
Newman lists; so marked in Pusey House set.
[J. W. Bowden], "Rise of the Papal Power," 50-84. Newman lists; Bowden, Thoughts, pp. vi-vii.[18]
[J. H. Newman], "Apostolical Tradition," 166-199. Newman lists; repr. Essays, I.[19]
126
[J. H. Newman], "Burton's History of the Church," 209-231. Newman lists; Boone to Newman, 20 June, 1836.
- Oct., [Samuel Wilberforce], "Hawk's History of the American
Church," 261-295. Pusey House list in another hand; attr. Watson,
Memoir, II, 54.[20]
[J. H. Newman], "Wiseman's Lectures on the Church," 373-403. Newman lists; Letters, II, 218.
[Roundell Palmer], "The Roman Schism," 426-446. So marked in Pusey House set; W. F. Hook to A. P. Perceval, 6 Oct., 1836, at Pusey House.
- 1837, Volume XXI
- Jan., [W. J. Copeland], "Account of the Non-Jurors," 39-75. Newman lists; Boone to Newman, 22 Dec., 1836. [Samuel Wilberforce], "Sacred Poetry," 167-185. Newman lists; Newman, Letters, II, 204-205.
- Apr., [Samuel Wilberforce], "Religious State of America," 269-303.
Attr. Watson, Memoir, II, 54.
[J. W. Bowden], "Church-building," 303-338. Thoughts, pp. vi-vii; so marked in Pusey House set.
[Frederic Rogers?], "Keble's Hooker," 338-378. Newman lists, but with a ?.
[T. D. Acland], "Church Principles of Bishop Hobart," 391-414. Newman lists at Oratory; Rogers, Letters, p. 42.[21]
- 1837, Volume XXII
- July, [Unidentified], "History of the Jesuits," 62-88.[22]
[J. H. Newman], "Life of Franké," 94-116. Newman lists; Boone to Newman, 27 Apr., 1837.
[Benjamin Harrison, the Younger], "Attack on the Universities," 168-215. Newman lists; Boone to Newman, 15 May, 1837.
[Unidentified], "Antiquity of Church Rates," 215-217.[23]
[W. J. Copeland], "Church Establishments," 218-245. Newman lists; Harrison to Copeland, 11 July, 1837, at Pusey House.
- Oct., [J. H. Newman], "Affairs of Rome," 261-283. Newman lists;
repr. Essays, I.
[S. F. Wood], "Griffith's Christian Church," 381-396. Newman lists; Newman to Boone, July 7, 1837.[24]
127
[Benjamin Harrison, the Younger], "Universities of England," 397-438. Newman lists; and see note 24.
- 1838, Volume XXIII
- Jan., [Edward Churton], "Use of the Fathers," 24-47. Pusey House
list in another hand; Churton to Newman, 9 Dec., 1837.
[Edward Churton], "Essex Memorials, etc., 113-139. Churton to Newman, 9 Dec., 1837.
[Nathaniel Goldsmid?], "Pusey's Sermon on the Fifth of November," 140-148. Newman lists, but with a ?.[25]
[Frederic Rogers], "Froude's Remains," 200-225. Newman lists; Newman, Letters, II, 242, 246-247.
[H. W. Wilberforce], "Pashley's Travels in Crete," 225-247. Newman lists; Newman to Wilberforce, Nov. 13, 1837, and Mar. 15, 1838.[26]
PART II AUTHORSHIP OF ARTICLES IN THE BRITISH CRITIC UNDER NEWMAN, APRIL, 1838—APRIL, 1841
- 1838, Volume XXIII
- Apr., [C. W. Le Bas], "Philip's Life of Whitefield,"
265-299. Newman lists at the Oratory, but with a ? in the fair copy;
Rivington to Newman, 17 Jan., 1838.
[Michael Russell], "The Doctrine of Election," 299-328. Newman lists at the Oratory but with a ?; Rivington to Newman, 17 Jan., 1838.
[J. C. Wigram], "National Education," 329-375. Newman lists at the Oratory, but with a ? in the fair copy; at Pusey House the attribution is in another hand; Rivington to Newman, 4 Apr., 1838.
[Charles Marriott], "Moral Philosophy," 376-396. Newman lists but with a ? in autograph and Pusey House list.
[De Sainteville],[27] "Sacred and Profane History," 396-438. Newman lists at the Oratory but with a ? in fair copy; Rivington to Newman, 17 Jan., 1838.
[Unidentified], "Middle Schools," 439-454.[28]
128
[E. B. Pusey], "Ecclesiastical Commissions," 455-562. Newman lists; Newman, Letters, II, 251.
- 1838, Volume XXIV
- July, [William Sewell], "Plato," 1-60. Newman lists; Sewell to
William Whewell, 17 Feb., 1840, at Trinity College, Cambridge.
[J. H. Newman], "Geraldine," 61-82. Newman lists; List of Works, p. [3].[29]
[C. W. Le Bas], "Justification," 82-119. Newman lists; Le Bas to Newman, Apr. 12, May 21 and 25, 1838.
[H. E. Manning], "Memoirs of Henry Martyn," 120-133. Newman lists; Life of Manning, I, 142, 228.
[J. H. Newman], "Memorials of Oxford," 133-146. Newman lists; repr. Historical Sketches, III.[30]
[R. I. Wilberforce], "Life of John Jay," 146-166. Newman lists; Wilberforce to Newman, 28 Mar., 1838.[31]
[W. J. Copeland], "Life and Works of Bishop Ken," 167-190. Newman lists; Letters, II, 251.
[J. H. Newman], "Exeter Hall," 190-210. Newman lists; List of Works, p. [3].
[J. C. Wigram], "Model Schools at Glasgow," 211-229. Newman lists; Wigram to Newman, Apr. 2 and June 4, 1838.
- Oct., [C. W. Le Bas], "Life of Wilberforce," 239-271. Newman lists;
Le Bas to Newman, 2 and 12 July, 1838.
[Frederic Rogers],[32] "Poems by Trench and Milnes," 271-301.
[William Sewell], "Animal Magnetism," 301-347. Newman lists; Sewell to Newman, August, 1838, at Pusey House.[33]
129
[J. H. Newman], "Palmer on the Church," 347-372. Newman lists; repr. Essays, I.
[J. B. Mozley], "The Middle Ages," 372-399. Newman lists; Mozley, Letters, p. 85 and n.
[Charles Thornton],[34] "The Church in Upper Canada," 400-422. Newman lists; Thornton to Newman, 12 Sept., 1838.
[John Keble], "Sir Walter Scott," 423-483. Newman lists; repr. Reviews.[35]
- 1839, Volume XXV[36]
- Jan., [J. W. Bowden], "The British Association," 1-48. Newman
lists; Bowden, Thoughts, pp. vi-vii.
[J. H. Newman], "Apostolical Fathers—Ignatius," 49-76. Newman lists; repr. Essays, I.
[R. I. Wilberforce], "Prussian Schools," 76-95. Newman lists; Wilberforce to Newman, 18 Sept., 1838.
[J. B. Mozley], "Tyler's Memoirs of Henry V," 96-124. Newman lists at the Oratory; at Pusey House name is added in another hand; Newman, Letters, II, 256.[37]
[Richard Westmacott], "Early Ecclesiastical Art," 125-142. Newman lists; Newman to H. W. Wilberforce, Feb. 1, 1839, transcript at Ushaw.
[Edward Churton], "Revival of Jesuitism," 143-186. Newman lists; Newman to Churton, 2 Nov. and 12 Dec., 1838.
[William Sewell], "Plato and Athenian Education," 187-248. Newman lists; Sewell to William Whewell, 17 Feb., 1840, at Trinity College, Cambridge.
- Apr., [R. F. Wilson],[38]
"Reserve in Religious Knowledge," 257-305. Newman lists, but with a ?;
in the Pusey House list first James Mozley had been written, then crossed
out, likewise F. Rogers; Thomas Mozley, Reminiscences II,
248.
[J. H. Newman], "Elliott's Travels," 305-320. Newman lists; so marked in Pusey House set.
[Thomas Mozley], "Church and King," 321-367. Newman lists; Reminiscences, II, 235-236; J. B. Mozley, Letters, p. 90.
[Thomas Mozley], "Internal Decorations of English Churches," 368-395. Newman lists; so marked in Pusey House set.
[J. H. Newman], "State of Religious Parties," 395-426. Newman lists; repr. Essays, I.
[George Bowyer], "Ecclesiastical Discipline," 427-450. Newman lists; J. B. Mozley, Letters, p. 92.
[George Moberly], "Catholic Tradition," 450-479. Newman lists; Moberly to Newman, 14 Jan., 1839.
[Thomas Mozley], "Pugin's Contrasts," 479-498. Newman lists; Reminiscences, II, 236.
- 1839, Volume XXVI
- July, [Thomas Mozley], "Study of the Evidences," 1-66. Newman
lists; Reminiscences, II, 236. J. B. Mozley,
Letters,
p. 93.
[J. B. Morris?], "Ancient Manuscripts," 66-101. Newman lists, but with a ? except in autograph; so marked in Pusey House set.
[C. W. Le Bas], "Life of Archbishop Sharp," 101-134. Newman lists; Le Bas to Newman, 20 Dec., 1838, and 24 May, 1839.
[Samuel Fox],[39] "Anglo-Saxon Literature," 135-152. Newman lists; Fox to Newman, 17 June [1839] and 5 Oct., 1839.
[Unidentified], "Puritanism under Elizabeth," 152-167.[40]
[Isaac Williams], "The Epistle to the Hebrews," 167-195. Newman lists; Autobiography, pp. 93-94.[41]
[Thomas Mozley], "Temperance Societies," 196-227. Newman lists; Reminiscences, II, 237; J. B. Mozley, Letters, p. 93.
[H. W. Wilberforce], "Chalmers, On Establishments," 228-244. Wilberforce to Newman, May-July, 1838, and Mar. 25,1839.[42]
- Oct., [George Bowyer], "Shelford on Mortmain," 255-280. Newman
lists; Bowyer to Newman, Sat. 9th, no month, no year.
[J. H. Newman], "The American Church," 281-343. Newman lists; repr. Essays, I.
[R. I. Wilberforce], "The Central Society of Education," 344-354. Wilberforce to Newman, 27 Aug., 1839, and 15 Jan., 1840.
[John Keble], "Gladstone's Church and State," 355-397. Newman lists; repr. under his name as a pamphlet.
[Thomas Mozley], "Armed Associations," 397-439. Newman lists; Reminiscences, II, 237-238; Newman, Letters, II, 290 and n.
[J. H. Newman and, probably, R. F. Wilson], "Taylor versus Nicholas Ferrar," 440-457. Newman lists at the Oratory. Wilson's name does not appear on Pusey House list.[43]
131
[Thomas Mozley], "New Churches," 458-507. Newman lists; Reminiscences, II, 238; Newman to Mrs. T. Mozley, [June], 1839, at the Oratory.
- 1840, Volume XXVII
- Jan., [Isaac Williams], "The Oxford Psalter," 1-23. Newman lists;
Autobiography, p. 94.
[J. H. Newman], "Brewer, Court of James the First," 24-39. Autograph list;[44] Pusey House list gives both Newman and Brewer, each with a ?.
[J. H. Newman], "Catholicity of the Church," 40-88. Newman lists; repr. Essays, II.
[Thomas Mozley?], "Recreation of the Public," 89-107. Newman lists with a ?.
[William Sewell], "The Republic of Plato," 108-170. Newman lists, with a ? at the Oratory; no ? on Pusey House list; Sewell to William Whewell, 17 Feb., 1840, at Trinity College, Cambridge.
[Thomas Mozley], "Russian Manners and Morals," 170-209. Newman lists at the Oratory. In the margin of the autograph list, "His letter of Dec." The Pusey House list ascribes it to J. B. Mozley. Reminiscences, II, 238-239.
[E. B. Pusey], "Appendix on the Psalter," 210-241. Life, II, 117.[45]
- Apr., [Frederick Oakeley], "The Church Service," 249-276. Newman
lists; J. B.
[Charles Miller],[46] "Commutation of Tithes," 277-294. Newman lists at the Mozley, Letters, p. 104.
Oratory with a ? in the fair copy; no entry on Pusey House list.
[C. W. Le Bas], "Montrose and the Covenanters," 295-336. Newman lists; Le Bas to Newman, 4 Dec., 1839.
[John (?) Price], "The Churches of France," 337-354. Price to Newman, Aug. 12, 1839, at the Oratory.[47]
132
[J. R. Hope-Scott], "Statutes of Magdalen College," 355-396. Newman lists, Hope-Scott, Memoirs, I, 177-190.[48]
[Thomas Mozley], "Part II of Froude's Remains," 396-426. Newman lists; Reminiscences, II, 239; J. B. Mozley, Letters, pp. 97, 102.[49]
[W. C. Cotton], "Religion etc. in New South Wales," 426-472. Newman to H. W. Wilberforce, Jan. 21, 1840; Pusey House list in another hand.[50]
- 1840, Volume XXVIII
- July, [H. W. Wilberforce], "The Courts and the Kirk," 1-87.
Newman lists; Newman to H. W. Wilberforce, Aug. 30, 1839, and Jan. 21
and Mar. 26, 1840.
[H. W. Wilberforce], "Postscript on the Courts and the Kirk," 87-92. Newman to Wilberforce, Mar. 28, 1840.
[Frederic Rogers], "Utilitarian Moral Philosophy," 93-125. Newman lists but with a ? in autograph; Rogers, Letters, p. 61.
[Thomas Mozley], "Decanal or Rural Chapters," 126-159. Newman lists; Reminiscences, II, 239-240.
[J. H. Newman], "Persecution of Protestants in Germany," 160-176. Newman lists; so marked in Pusey House set.
[George Moberly], "Diocesan Training Schools," 177-194. Newman lists; so marked in Pusey House set.
[S. R. Bosanquet], "Pauperism and Almsgiving," 195-257. Newman lists but with a ? in autograph; repr. Rights of the Poor.[51]
- Oct., [J. H. Newman], "Memoir of the Countess of Huntington,"
263-295. Newman lists; repr. Essays, I.
[Roundell Palmer], "Greek Grammars for the Schools," 295-334. Newman lists; Memorials (Part I), I, 301; Palmer to Newman, 13 Sept., 1840.[52]
[Thomas Mozley], "Religion of the Manufacturing Poor," 334-371. Newman lists but with a ?; Reminiscences, II, 241; Newman to Rivington, 7 Oct., 1840.
[Frederick Oakeley], "Chanting," 371-390. Newman lists with a ?; Oakeley to William Gresley, 15 Nov., 1843, at Pusey House.[53]
[J. H. Newman], "Todd on the Prophecies relating to Antichrist," 391-440. Newman lists; repr. Essays, II.
133
[S. R. Bosanquet], "Private Alms and Poor-law Relief," 441-470. Newman lists with a ? except in fair copy; repr. Rights of the Poor.
[Thomas Mozley], "New Churches," 471-522. Newman lists; Reminiscences, II, 241-242; J. B. Mozley, Letters, p. 99.
- 1841, Volume XXIX[54]
- Jan., [Frederic Rogers], "Utilitarian Moral Philosophy," 1-44.
Newman lists; Rogers, Letters, p. 61.
[Frederick Oakeley], "Ancient and Modern Charity," 44-70. Newman lists; Oakeley to William Gresley 15 Nov., 1843, at Pusey House.[55]
[J. H. Newman], "Milman's History of Christianity," 71-114. Newman lists; repr. Essays, II.
[H. E. Manning], "The Cathedral Act," 114-150. Newman lists.[56]
[Roundell Palmer], "English Public Schools," 151-173. Newman lists but with a ? in autograph; Newman, Letters, II, 320-321.
[H. W. Wilberforce], "History of the Diocese of Soder and Man," 173-200. Newman lists; Newman to Wilberforce, Oct. 4, 6, and 29, 1840.
[Thomas Mozley], "Dr. Channing's Works," 201-239. Newman lists; Reminiscences, II, 242.
- Apr., [R. F. Wilson], "The Church in the West Indies," 249-279.
Newman lists at the Oratory; no entry in Pusey House list.[57]
[J. H. Newman], "Reformation of the Eleventh Century," 280-331. Newman lists; repr. Essays, II.
[W. C. Cotton], "French and English Editions of St. Chrysostom," 332-358. Newman lists; so marked in Pusey House set.
134
[W. C. Cotton], "South Australia," 359-387. Newman lists.[58]
[Thomas Mozley], "Clerical and Religious Advertisements," 388-410. Newman lists; Reminiscences, II, 242.[59]
[John Keble], "Papers of Bishop Warburton," 411-440. Newman lists at Oratory; in another hand at Pusey House; repr. Reviews.
[Thomas Mozley], "Open Roofs," 441-489. Newman lists; Reminiscences, II, 243.
PART III AUTHORSHIP OF ARTICLES IN THE BRITISH CRITIC UNDER THOMAS MOZLEY, JULY, 1841—OCTOBER, 1943[60]
- 1841, Volume XXX
- July, [Frederick Oakeley], "Bishop Jewel," 1-46. Oakeley to Mozley,
25 May and 31 Aug., 1841; Pusey, Life, II, 218.
[Thomas Mozley], "The Tamworth Reading Room," 46-99. Reminiscences, II, 244-245; so marked in set at University Library, Cambridge.
[J. H. Newman], "Private Judgment," 100-134. Repr. Essays, II.
[J. W. Bowden], "The Church in the Mediterranean," 135-163. Thoughts, pp. vi-vii; Newman, Correspondence, p. 54.
[H. W. Wilberforce], "Story Books for Children," 164-196. Newman to Wilberforce, Feb. 22 and Mar. 5, 1841.[61]
[J. B. Mozley?], "Catena Aurea of St. Thomas," 197-214. So marked in the Pusey House set, but with uncertainty.
[Thomas Mozley], "The Oxford Margaret Professor," 214-243. Reminiscences, II, 245; Newman, Correspondence, pp. 134-136.
- Oct., [George Bowyer], "Simony," 253-297. Mozley,
Reminiscences, II, 232; Bowyer to Rivington, n. d. at the
Oratory.
[W. G. Ward], "Arnold's Sermons," 298-364. Ideal of a Christian Church, p. 3.[62]
135
[J. D. Dalgairns], "The Abbesses Angélique and Marie des Anges," 365-421. Mozley, Reminiscences, II, 13; so marked in set at University Library, Cambridge.
[Frederick Oakeley], "Rites and Ceremonies," 422-465. Oakeley to Mozley, Aug. 31, 1841; so marked in set at University Library, Cambridge.
[Thomas Mozley], "New Poetry," 466-494. Reminiscences, II, 246; so marked in set at University Library, Cambridge.
[No data], "Mr. Tracy's Translation of Undine," 494-506.
- 1842, Volume XXXI
- Jan., [Mark Pattison], "Earliest English Poetry," 1-36. Pattison,
Memoirs, p. 186; Essays, I, vii.[63]
[No data], "Faith and Works," 36-53.
[J. B. Mozley], "De Clifford, or the Constant Man," 54-90. Essays, II, 451.[64]
[S. R. Bosanquet], "The Age of Unbelief," 91-123. Repr. in slightly altered form in his Principia.[65]
[Thomas Mozley], "Sacred Hymns from the German," 123-132. Reminiscences, II, 247-248; so marked in Pusey House set.
[J. B. Mozley], "Bishop Andrewes' Sermons," 169-205. Essays, II, 451.
[Thomas Mozley], "Reserve in Communicating Religious Knowledge," 205-243. Reminiscences, II, 248-249; so marked in set at University Library, Cambridge.
- Apr., [W. G. Ward], "Whately's Essays," 255-302.
Ideal of a Christian Church, p. 3.
[J. B. Morris], "Pantheistic Tendencies," 303-324. Morris to Mozley, n.d.; Reminiscences, II, 11-12.
[John Hannah, the Younger], "Elizabethan Sacred Poetry," 325-366. Newman to Pattison, n.d., at the Bodleian; DNB.
[J. H. Newman], "Works of the late Rev. J. Davison," 367-401. Repr. Essays, II.
[No data], "Tales for Young People," 402-428.
[W. G. Ward], "Heurtley's Four Sermons," 428-451. Ideal of a Christian Church, p. 3.
[Thomas Mozley], "Open Roofs," 452-477. Reminiscences, II, 249; so marked in set at University Library, Cambridge.
[J. B. Mozley], "Palmer on Protestantism," 478-512. Essays, II, 451.
[J. F. Christie],[66] "Bishop Ridley's Remains, 513-547. Mozley, Reminiscences, II, 230; so marked in set at University Library, Cambridge.
- 1842, Volume XXXII
- July, [Frederick Oakeley], "Psalms and Hymns," 1-33. Oakeley to
Mozley, May 27, 1842; so marked in set at University Library,
Cambridge.
[W. G. Ward], "Goode's Divine Rule of Faith and Practice," 34-106. Ideal of a Christian Church, p. 3.
[Roundell Palmer], "Arundines Cami," 107-139. So marked in Pusey House set.
[Thomas Mozley], "New Oxford Theological Statute, and Revival of the Hampden Question," 140-197. So marked in Pusey House set.
136
[No data], "Trench's Notes on the Parables," 198-210.
[Frederick Oakeley], "What Is Meant by 'Unprotestantizing'?" 211-244 Oakeley to Mozley, 30 Apr., Whitsun Week, and 27 May, 1842.[67]
- Oct., [J. D. Dalgairns], "M. Rio's La Petite
Chouannerie," 261-299. Dalgairns to Mozley, Aug. 13, 1842;
Oakeley to Mozley, Aug. 5, 1842.
[J. B. Mozley], "The Church in the Seventeenth Century," 300-388. Letters, pp. 133, 137; Essays, II, 451.
[W. G. Ward], "St. Athanasius against the Arians," 389-427. Ideal of a Christian Church, p. 3.
[No data], "New Defenders of the Faith," 428-435.
[Thomas Mozley], "Pews," 436-505. Reminiscences, II, 249; so marked in set at University Library, Cambridge.
[No data], "The City of the Mormons," 506-515.
- 1843, Volume XXXIII[68]
- Jan., [R. W. Church], "St. Anselm and William Rufus," 1-47. Repr.
Essays and Reviews.[69]
[J. B. Mozley], "Mrs. Trollope's Italy," 47-67. So marked in the Pusey House set; Pusey House listing.
[John Armstrong (1813-1856)], "Monumental Devices and Inscriptions," 68-109. Memoir, p. 25.[70]
[J. D. Dalgairns], "Dante," 110-143. Dalgairns to Mozley, Aug. 13, 1842; Pusey House listing.
[Thomas Mozley], "Rev. D. T. K. Drummond's Withdrawal from the Church," 144-163. Pusey House listing.
[Roundell Palmer], "William's Poems," 163-201. Pusey House listing; so marked in the Pusey House set.
[W. G. Ward], "Church Authority," 202-233. Ideal of a Christian Church, p. 3.
[Frederick Oakeley], "The Sees of St. Asaph and Bangor," 233-246. Oakeley to Mozley, 1842, and Jan., 1843; Ward to Mozley, n.d., but referring to this issue.
[Thomas Mozley], "Agricultural Labour and Wages," 247-274. Reminiscences, II, 249-250; Pusey House listing.
[Frederick Oakeley], "Episcopal Charges of the Past Year," 274-281. Oakeley to Mozley, 1842 [postmark suggests Oct.].
- Apr., [Frederick Oakeley], "Sacramental Confession," 295-347.
Oakeley to Mozley, n.d.; Ward and the Oxford Movement,
p.
240.[71]
[Roundell Palmer], "Sir Aubrey de Vere's Poems," 348-366. Attr. Boyle, Recollections, p. 43.[72]
[George Bowyer], "Ecclesiastical Bodies Politic," 367-410. Bowyer to Mozley, Jan. 10, n.y.; so marked in set at University Library, Cambridge, but with a ?.
[Thomas Mozley], "Lord John Manners' Plea," 411-442. Reminiscences, II, 251; so marked in set at University Library, Cambridge.
[Thomas Mozley], "The Bishop of New Jersey's Sermons," 443-453. Reminiscences, II, 251; so marked in set at University Library, Cambridge.
[J. B. Mozley], "Lord Strafford," 454-537. Repr. Essays, I.
- 1843, Volume XXXIV
- July, [W. G. Ward], "The Synagogue and the Church," 1-63.
The Ideal of a Christian Church, p. 3.
[Frederick Oakeley], "Sumner on Justification," 63-79. Oakeley to Mozley, Jan. 24, 1843.
[Unidentified], "Hebrew Biography," 80-88.[73]
[R. W. Church], "St. Anselm and Henry I," 89-128. Repr. Essays and Reviews.
[J. B. Mozley], "The Bishop of Jerusalem," 129-142. Letters, p. 143; Essays, II, 451.
[No data], "Annuals," 143-169.
[Frederick Oakeley], "Musical Festivals," 170-194. Oakeley to Mozley, June 17, 1843.
[Thomas Mozley], "The Six Doctors," 195-271. Reminiscences, II, 252, 389; so marked in set at University Library, Cambridge.
- Oct., [Frederick Oakeley], "Music, Chiefly Ecclesiastical," 277-320.
Oakeley to Mozley, July 26, n.y.; Oakeley to Gresley, 15 Nov., 1843, at
Pusey House.
[Thomas Mozley], "Nature a Parable," 321-348. Reminiscences, II, 305;[74] so marked in set at University Library, Cambridge.
[W. G. Ward], "Mill's Logic," 349-427. Ideal of a Christian Church, p. 3.
[Thomas Mozley], "Formby's Visit to the East," 428-465. Formby to Mozley, Wed. 11, no month, no year; Reminiscences, II, 306; so marked in set at University Library, Cambridge.[75]
[J. B. Mozley], "Dr. Pusey's Sermon," 466-514. Letters, p. 148; so marked in set at University Library, Cambridge.
Notes
This article is based on research for the Wellesley Index to Victorian Periodicals, 1824-1900, now in progress in the Wellesley College Library under the general editorship of Professor Walter E. Houghton. The object is to identify the authors of anonymous articles in the leading monthlies and quarterlies, and to provide bibliographies of the essays in these journals contributed by over 5,000 Victorian writers. The Index is intended at this stage as a cooperative work: the editors are glad to share their findings with interested scholars, and hope that information about specific articles and individual contributors will be shared with them.
Letters and Correspondence of John Henry Newman during His Life in the English Church, ed. Anne Mozley (2 vols., 1891), II, 164. By Newman's bargain the Tractarians were to supply approximately 64 pages an issue, or roughly three major articles; with, according to the copy of a MS. letter from Newman to Joshua Watson, September 1, 1837, at Pusey House, Oxford, "the consequent liberty of being exempt from the Editor's censorship." Permission to use the MSS. at Pusey House was very kindly accorded by the Rev. R. M. Catling and his successor, the Rev. A. M. Allchin.
Letters, II, 183. Anne Mozley points out in the Letters of the Rev. J. B. Mozley, D.D. (1885), p. 71, that "one incidental use of the review was to furnish . . . a sort of practice-ground for the younger members of the party."
Letters, II, 246, 251. In 1838 Archbishop Howley appointed Samuel R. Maitland librarian of Lambeth, and Maitland, according to J. B. Mozley (Letters, p. 71), "was frightened by an article of Pusey's on the Church Commission [submitted for the April issue], which he thought went too far for him in his present situation of librarian to the Archbishop."
Letters, II, 251. A letter from J. B. Mozley on February 6, 1838 (Letters, p. 71), indicates that Newman was in fact the directing spirit behind the April number.
These MSS. are identified by the Reverend C. Stephen Dessain of the Oratory as "Various Collections, No. 65" and he has most kindly granted permission to quote from them. The author wishes particularly to thank Father Dessain for his kindnesses in answering questions, examining difficult readings and elucidating references. Our attention was called to the collection by Professor A. Dwight Culler of Yale, who arranged for us to borrow the microfilm of them from the Yale University Library. Specific references are almost impossible to give, as there is no foliation of the various lists, letters and scraps. Another group of MSS. dealing with the British Critic is at Pusey House in Oxford. It deals primarily with the dissatisfaction of Newman and his friends with Boone and with the period of transition, 1837-1838, but includes some letters as late as January, 1840. Again there is no foliation to assist in reference.
An approximate date for the compiling of these tables of contents is provided on an odd sheet at the Oratory, which reads, "N. B. October, 1875. Authors of articles"; while there is a further note at the bottom of the first or covering sheet which indicates when Newman sorted out these papers and put them together: "Not chronologized and merely kept for the chance of their being wanted as reference. It is a toss up whether or not to burn them. J.H.N., May 1, 1878."
These may have been made by W. J. Copeland or by Canon H. P. Liddon, according to Father Catling.
Letter to J. W. Bowden, Letters, II, 254. In January, 1838, he had written to Edward Churton of "the present fair wind and smooth current." MS. letter Newman to Churton, postmarked JA 30, 1838, at Pusey House.
Letter to Mrs. H——, July, 1871, printed by Matthew Russell in "Dr. [C. W.] Russell of Maynooth," The Irish Monthly, XX (October, 1892), 534.
Reminiscences Chiefly of Oriel College and the Oxford Movement (2 vols., 2nd ed., 1882), I, 6-7.
Correspondence of John Henry Newman with John Keble and Others, 1839-1845, ed. [Francis Joseph Bacchus] (1917), pp. 136-137.
A Narrative of Events Connected with the Publication of the Tracts for the Times. With an Introduction and Supplement Extending to the Present Time (first ed., 1843; 1883), p. 117.
Richard Hurrell Froude, Remains, Part II, ed. [J. H. Newman and John Keble] (2 vols., 1839). All authors except those identified in the footnotes may be found in the Dictionary of National Biography.
Samuel Francis Wood (1809-1843), younger brother of Sir Charles Wood, 1st Viscount Halifax, B.A. Oxford (Oriel) 1827. A barrister attached to the Inner Temple and a close friend of Newman's, who had been his tutor.
The MS. correspondence between Newman and Boone, Churton, Fox, Le Bas, Moberly, Palmer, Rivington, Thornton, Wigram and R. Wilberforce is at Pusey House unless otherwise indicated.
Memoir of J[oshua] Watson, ed. Edward Churton (2 vols., 1861). Joshua Watson was one of the owners of the British Critic.
Frederic Rogers, Lord Blachford, Letters, ed. G. E. Marindin (1896). While there is a ? after Acland's name in the autograph list, a note in the margin reads, "Yes, vid Wood's letter of March [?] 2, 1837." Although no name is entered in the Pusey House list, the number of pages is given, indicating that Newman felt that his group had been responsible for it.
In spite of the attribution to Edward Churton in the Newman lists and a similar marking in the Pusey House set a letter at Pusey House from Churton to Newman, 28 Nov., 1837, makes it seem all but impossible: "The writer of an article in the BC for July, p. 62-88, is not, I suppose, an Oxford man. It shews some research, but there are some odd mistakes in it." The impression that Churton was the author undoubtedly arose from the fact that there was prolonged discussion in the following year about an article on the Jesuits to be reserved for Churton. Cf. "Revival of Jesuitism" in the issue of January, 1839.
An attribution in the Pusey House set to W. J. Copeland seems to have been made in mistake for the next article, for which there is other evidence of Copeland's authorship. Certainly the two articles are different in tone.
Newman proposes to send "a paper on Lamennais's new work,—one from Wood on I forget what subject, . . . and one from Mr. Harrison in continuation."
Nathaniel Goldsmid (1807?-1860), member of a distinguished Jewish family. B.A. Oxford, 1828. Became a barrister attached to the Inner Temple, 1831. Friend of Frederic Rogers and S. F. Wood.
The correspondence between Newman and H. W. Wilberforce, unless otherwise indicated, is in the Newman Collection at the Georgetown University Library. Microfilm of it was made available through the kindness of the Rev. Eric McDermott.
I have not been able to identify De Sainteville. There is an article in the Dublin Review for June, 1848, attributed to him by the editor, where he refers to having written this one in the British Critic.
Although there is no attribution for this article in any of the lists, there is a possibility that it was written by H. E. Manning. In his journal (see above, p.) Newman wrote, "Asked Manning to become a regular contributor," and on February 1, Manning replied, "I will pledge myself gladly to an article quarterly, savage and tartarly" (MS. letter at Pusey House). Manning was much concerned with Middle Schools in these years, and wrote to Archdeacon Hare in October, 1840, "Something effectual must be either done or prepared in the matter of education. Nearly two years will . . . be gone by since the first move." Manning did send an article to Newman in March, 1838, which Newman sent off to the printer at once, but this was apparently the one on Henry Martyn which appeared in July. (E. S. Purcell, Life of Cardinal Manning [2 vols., New York, 1898], I, 178, 228.)
List of Works Written and Edited by . . . Cardinal Newman in the Library of Sir William H. Cope [1885].
Among the Newman letters at Ushaw College is one to Newman from Rivington (June, 1873) in answer to a query from him about certain articles in the British Critic. Rivington says the firm no longer has any accounts of the review—they were lost in a fire—but gives a few extracts from contemporary letters from Newman. For the issue of July, 1838, Newman had identified Mr. Wilberforce as the author of "John Jay" and Mr. Copeland as that of "Bishop Ken." (See the next article.) I am indebted to the Reverend B. Paine for the opportunity to consult a microfilm of these letters.
In view of a separate, and probably contemporary, list at the Oratory attributing this article to Rogers, it is curious that the Newman lists show such uncertainty. In the autograph the article is attributed to Wood. In the fair copy the entry is "S. F. Wood [?Rogers?]." In the Pusey House list the article is ascribed to S. F. Wood ? but another hand has written "F. R." We know that Newman had asked Rogers to write this review, but Rogers was having trouble with his eyes and was not sure that he could do as Newman wished (Rogers, Letters, pp. 48-49). The article has very generally been attributed to Rogers, by S. Wilberforce (The Life of Samuel Wilberforce [3 vols., 1880-1882], I, 131), by Trench himself (Letters and Memorials, ed. Miss M. Trench [2 vols., 1888], I, 228) and by Arthur Hugh Clough (Correspondence, ed. F. L. Mulhauser [2 vols., 1957], I, 85). It is also assigned to Rogers in the marked set at Pusey House. It seems probable that although Rogers was the author of the review he may have been aided in preparing it for the printer by Wood.
That Newman had been counting on an article by Sewall for the October number is indicated in a letter to Bowden of August 17, 1838 (Letters, II, 261).
On February 1, 1839, in a letter to H. W. Wilberforce, Newman enumerated the articles and their authors for the January number, thus confirming the attributions in the Newman lists.
In the autograph list there is a notation: "James Mozley in a letter of [illegible], 1839." In August, 1838, Newman had suggested to Mozley that he review this work.
Robert Francis Wilson (1809-1888). A pupil of Newman's at Oxford and at one time curate to Keble at Hursley. In his memorandum on subjects Newman noted, "Tract 80 with illustrations Wilson done," and again in the "Contents of Numbers, July, 1838" he wrote "Wilson Tract 80."
In the Pusey House set this article is marked "H. W. Wilberforce." In the autograph list the name "Jebb" appears with a ?, but in the margin of the fair copy is a note: "March 1839 Wood spoke of an article of his own." There is no entry against this article in the Pusey House list, and it does not appear in the list of H. W. Wilberforce's articles appended thereto, nor in the letter from Newman to Rivington cited in note 42.
Isaac Williams, Autobiography, ed. G. Prevost (1892). In the autograph list the names of both Williams and R. I. Wilberforce appear against this article, but in the fair copy only that of Williams. In the Pusey House list Wilberforce has been crossed out and Williams substituted.
"W. J. Copeland" is the ascription in the autograph list. There is none in the fair copy, nor in the Pusey House list. However, conclusive evidence for Wilberforce's authorship is to be found in a transcription of part of a letter from Newman to Rivington of June, 1839, at Ushaw College, in which the author of article 8 is identified as the "Rev. H. W. Wilberforce." Because the information was sent in reply to a request for a list of Wilberforce's contributions, Rivington only transcribed the one item, thereby implying that it was his only contribution in that number.
In the autograph list the article is ascribed to Newman with a marginal note, "part R. F. Wilson." Again in the fair copy the entry is "Newman," but again with a note, "The part about Nicholas Ferrar is R. F. Wilson's ?" In Newman's "N.B. on Subjects" he had indicated Wilson as a possible reviewer of Turner's Nicholas Ferrar. On Sept. 8, 1839, Newman wrote to his sister Jemima (letter in the possession of Mr. J. H. Mozley) that in the October issue there was a short article on Nicholas Ferrar; he had written only the article on the American Church. On Oct. 25 he told her that she did not know the author of the article on Taylor versus Ferrar; it was a secret. The secret, I suspect, was that Newman had added the attack on Taylor and a defence of celibacy to Wilson's original article on Ferrar.
In the autograph list the attribution is to Newman, while in the fair copy it is "J. S. Brewer?" From the beginning Newman had wished to have Brewer as a contributor. Nothing seems to have come of his hopes, for I have found no contribution from Brewer during his editorship. Aside from the fact that Brewer was the editor of the book being reviewed in this article, which is not necessarily conclusive, there are remarks in the article which seem unlikely to have been made by him, such as, "We wonder Mr. Brewer should not have noticed it," and "Mr. Brewer adds nothing in elucidation of this point."
H. P. Liddon, Life of Edward Bouverie Pusey, ed. J. O. Johnston, R. J. Wilson (4 vols., 1893-1897). For some reason Newman did not include this appendix in his lists.
Charles Miller, Vicar of Harlow, A.B. Oxford (Magdalen), 1817. Prolific writer on church matters. Wrote on commutation of tithes in 1839, 1840, 1841, and 1842. Still in Crockford's Clerical Directory for 1876.
Although this article is assigned to T. Mozley in the fair copy, it is questioned in both the autograph and the Pusey House lists. Among the Oratory papers there is a single page of a letter of August 12, 1839, to Newman from a Mr. Price, who describes himself as "former editor of the Atlas newspaper." Newman apparently passed this letter on to Mozley when the latter became editor, with the following superscription: "This is the author of the article on French Churches. . . . He was to send me something more and never did." The only additional information I have been able to find is in a MS. letter to Newman from a Rev. Mr. Foulerton, dated January 3, 1840, at Pusey House, supplying the former with Mr. Price's most recent address (27 rue Royale, Calais) and adding that he was a member of the Church of England.
In his memorandum at the Oratory "Authors of Articles," Newman confirms the attribution of this article as well as the ones on Rural Chapters in July and the Manufacturing Poor in October, "as by my sister H.E.M.'s letters to me." The same memorandum is included with the Pusey House list.
There is no attribution of this article in the Newman lists at the Oratory, but in addition to the letter to H. W. Wilberforce, there is a note on a very tattered sheet among the Oratory MSS., "On Justice Burton—Cotton." Judge Burton was the author of the book being reviewed.
Roundell Palmer, Earl of Selbourne, Memorials (2 pts., in 4 vols., 1896-1898). Charles Wordsworth in his Annals of My Early Life (1891), p. 187, confirms the attribution.
Oakeley lists his articles in the British Critic, but Father Allchin reports the letter to be hastily written, and the list is incomplete.
The attributions in this number are verified by a copy of a letter at the Oratory from Newman to Rivington, listing the authors and their articles, directing what payments are to be made, and giving the addresses to which they are to be sent. This letter is difficult to reconcile with one from Wood to Manning in January, 1841, quoted by Purcell (Life of Manning, I, 249n), in which Wood says, "How grand our three articles, all of a row, in the British Critic, look." Purcell comments, "The three writers were Manning, Wood, and Rogers."
In the Pusey House list Bosanquet was first entered with a ?, but Oakeley's name was then substituted.
See note 54. It is true that Newman had written to Wood in September, 1840, "I want you to review Hope's speech in the House of Lords for the British Critic and give a sketch of the history of the struggle" (Correspondence, p. 67), so that there is a bare possibility that this article represents a collaboration between Manning and Wood, but Manning alone appears to have been paid by Rivington.
There seems to have been some doubt in Newman's mind about Wilson's authorship. In the autograph the name is queried. In the fair copy it was at first left blank and then the entry "R. Wilson" is very faintly written in, perhaps tentatively. However, Newman wrote very favorably to Keble on March 25, 1841, of "Wilson's article" (Letters, II, 338). Nevertheless one cannot entirely ignore two letters at Pusey House dealing with an article on the Church in the West Indies. On December 14, 1839, Henry Coleridge sent Newman "the MS. of a proposed article on West Indian Affairs" and on March 24, 1840, Rivington wrote to Newman that he had received the MS. "which accompanies the letter from the Archdeacon of Barbadoes [Parry] who would like it to appear in the April number." Both letters were, of course, a year earlier. It may also be noted that Newman was writing to H. W. Wilberforce on October 29, 1840, about an article on the Church Missionary Society to be ready by March. I have found no evidence that Wilberforce wrote such an article.
In separate notes in the Oratory and Pusey House MSS. Newman says of these two Cotton articles, "as by his letter to me." In the autograph the original ascription of "Chrysostom" was to Keble, but Cotton was written very faintly in the margin. It was attributed to J. Jebb in the Pusey House list, but the name was changed to Cotton in another hand. There is no attribution for the second in the autograph.
Although the authorship of T. Mozley is questioned in both the fair copy and the Pusey House list, Mozley claims the article with a fair show of confidence in the Reminiscences.
Mozley candidly tells us in his Reminiscences (II, 235) of his difficulties in recognizing even his own contributions after so many years, and says that "the precious memorandum book in which I carefully noted every change in the programme of the quarter . . . has long since gone from my gaze." For the attributions under his editorship I have had to depend heavily upon the Reminiscences but have tried to corroborate then whenever possible from other sources. The correspondence between Thomas Mozley and his contributors, unless otherwise indicated, is at the Oratory.
This attribution is included on a separate list with the Pusey House MSS. headed "H. W. W. Articles."
Because Ward made such a categorical and specific claim to the authorship of his articles in his Ideal of a Christian Church, firsthand and contemporary evidence, I have not here listed the individual letters from Ward to Mozley which are included with the British Critic MSS. at the Oratory. They do, however, throw light upon the relationships between Ward, Newman, and Mozley.
S. R. Bosanquet, Principia. A Series of Essays on the Principles of Evil . . . in Religion, Philosophy, and Politics (1843).
Oakeley proposed an article to Mozley "in reply to Mr. Bird" and in explanation of passages in Bishop Jewel (see issue of July, 1841). Mozley persuaded him to reshape it and on May 27 Oakeley wrote, "Tomorrow I despatch the article on Mr. Bird and the greater part of that on Psalms and Hymns." In view of such evidence the marking in the Pusey House set attributing the article to J. B. Mozley would appear to be in error.
With the Pusey House list is a sheet headed "British Critic, January, 1843." It purports to identify the authors of articles in that number, but it omits both articles by Oakeley. I shall refer to this as the Pusey House listing.
T. T. Carter in his Memoir of J[ohn] Armstrong, D.D. (1857) states categorically that the article is by Armstrong, with whom he had been closely associated and who had died only the previous year. The Pusey House listing attributes it to Markland—one of the authors being reviewed—and T. Mozley, but the evidence seems to me strongly in favor of Armstrong's authorship.
Wilfrid Ward, William George Ward and the Oxford Movement (1889). Oakeley in his letters to Mozley is most anxious that his anonymity be preserved with regard to this article.
Mozley (Reminiscences, II, 219) says only, "A gentleman, I believe of Jewish extraction . . . wrote an article full of Hebrew scholarship." This might possibly have been Goldsmid, who, it will be remembered, was a friend of Rogers and Wood and who may have contributed to the magazine earlier.
"I should now be glad to be quite certain that I wrote the . . . review . . . of 'Nature a Parable,'" says Mozley in 1882.
Formby's letter to Mozley at the Oratory reads, "I believe I shall not be mistaken in considering myself indebted to you for the very kind notice which the British Critic has taken of the 'Visit to the East.'" Mozley only commits himself so far as to say, "It must have been I, too, who wrote the review of Formby's 'Visit to the East.'"
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