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Notes
This article is based on research for the Wellesley Index to Victorian Periodicals, 1824-1900, now in progress in the Wellesley College Library under the general editorship of Professor Walter E. Houghton. The object is to identify the authors of anonymous articles in the leading monthlies and quarterlies, and to provide bibliographies of the essays in these journals contributed by over 5,000 Victorian writers. The Index is intended at this stage as a cooperative work: the editors are glad to share their findings with interested scholars, and hope that information about specific articles and individual contributors will be shared with them.
Letters and Correspondence of John Henry Newman during His Life in the English Church, ed. Anne Mozley (2 vols., 1891), II, 164. By Newman's bargain the Tractarians were to supply approximately 64 pages an issue, or roughly three major articles; with, according to the copy of a MS. letter from Newman to Joshua Watson, September 1, 1837, at Pusey House, Oxford, "the consequent liberty of being exempt from the Editor's censorship." Permission to use the MSS. at Pusey House was very kindly accorded by the Rev. R. M. Catling and his successor, the Rev. A. M. Allchin.
Letters, II, 183. Anne Mozley points out in the Letters of the Rev. J. B. Mozley, D.D. (1885), p. 71, that "one incidental use of the review was to furnish . . . a sort of practice-ground for the younger members of the party."
Letters, II, 246, 251. In 1838 Archbishop Howley appointed Samuel R. Maitland librarian of Lambeth, and Maitland, according to J. B. Mozley (Letters, p. 71), "was frightened by an article of Pusey's on the Church Commission [submitted for the April issue], which he thought went too far for him in his present situation of librarian to the Archbishop."
Letters, II, 251. A letter from J. B. Mozley on February 6, 1838 (Letters, p. 71), indicates that Newman was in fact the directing spirit behind the April number.
These MSS. are identified by the Reverend C. Stephen Dessain of the Oratory as "Various Collections, No. 65" and he has most kindly granted permission to quote from them. The author wishes particularly to thank Father Dessain for his kindnesses in answering questions, examining difficult readings and elucidating references. Our attention was called to the collection by Professor A. Dwight Culler of Yale, who arranged for us to borrow the microfilm of them from the Yale University Library. Specific references are almost impossible to give, as there is no foliation of the various lists, letters and scraps. Another group of MSS. dealing with the British Critic is at Pusey House in Oxford. It deals primarily with the dissatisfaction of Newman and his friends with Boone and with the period of transition, 1837-1838, but includes some letters as late as January, 1840. Again there is no foliation to assist in reference.
An approximate date for the compiling of these tables of contents is provided on an odd sheet at the Oratory, which reads, "N. B. October, 1875. Authors of articles"; while there is a further note at the bottom of the first or covering sheet which indicates when Newman sorted out these papers and put them together: "Not chronologized and merely kept for the chance of their being wanted as reference. It is a toss up whether or not to burn them. J.H.N., May 1, 1878."
These may have been made by W. J. Copeland or by Canon H. P. Liddon, according to Father Catling.
Letter to J. W. Bowden, Letters, II, 254. In January, 1838, he had written to Edward Churton of "the present fair wind and smooth current." MS. letter Newman to Churton, postmarked JA 30, 1838, at Pusey House.
Letter to Mrs. H——, July, 1871, printed by Matthew Russell in "Dr. [C. W.] Russell of Maynooth," The Irish Monthly, XX (October, 1892), 534.
Reminiscences Chiefly of Oriel College and the Oxford Movement (2 vols., 2nd ed., 1882), I, 6-7.
Correspondence of John Henry Newman with John Keble and Others, 1839-1845, ed. [Francis Joseph Bacchus] (1917), pp. 136-137.
A Narrative of Events Connected with the Publication of the Tracts for the Times. With an Introduction and Supplement Extending to the Present Time (first ed., 1843; 1883), p. 117.
Richard Hurrell Froude, Remains, Part II, ed. [J. H. Newman and John Keble] (2 vols., 1839). All authors except those identified in the footnotes may be found in the Dictionary of National Biography.
Samuel Francis Wood (1809-1843), younger brother of Sir Charles Wood, 1st Viscount Halifax, B.A. Oxford (Oriel) 1827. A barrister attached to the Inner Temple and a close friend of Newman's, who had been his tutor.
The MS. correspondence between Newman and Boone, Churton, Fox, Le Bas, Moberly, Palmer, Rivington, Thornton, Wigram and R. Wilberforce is at Pusey House unless otherwise indicated.
Memoir of J[oshua] Watson, ed. Edward Churton (2 vols., 1861). Joshua Watson was one of the owners of the British Critic.
Frederic Rogers, Lord Blachford, Letters, ed. G. E. Marindin (1896). While there is a ? after Acland's name in the autograph list, a note in the margin reads, "Yes, vid Wood's letter of March [?] 2, 1837." Although no name is entered in the Pusey House list, the number of pages is given, indicating that Newman felt that his group had been responsible for it.
In spite of the attribution to Edward Churton in the Newman lists and a similar marking in the Pusey House set a letter at Pusey House from Churton to Newman, 28 Nov., 1837, makes it seem all but impossible: "The writer of an article in the BC for July, p. 62-88, is not, I suppose, an Oxford man. It shews some research, but there are some odd mistakes in it." The impression that Churton was the author undoubtedly arose from the fact that there was prolonged discussion in the following year about an article on the Jesuits to be reserved for Churton. Cf. "Revival of Jesuitism" in the issue of January, 1839.
An attribution in the Pusey House set to W. J. Copeland seems to have been made in mistake for the next article, for which there is other evidence of Copeland's authorship. Certainly the two articles are different in tone.
Newman proposes to send "a paper on Lamennais's new work,—one from Wood on I forget what subject, . . . and one from Mr. Harrison in continuation."
Nathaniel Goldsmid (1807?-1860), member of a distinguished Jewish family. B.A. Oxford, 1828. Became a barrister attached to the Inner Temple, 1831. Friend of Frederic Rogers and S. F. Wood.
The correspondence between Newman and H. W. Wilberforce, unless otherwise indicated, is in the Newman Collection at the Georgetown University Library. Microfilm of it was made available through the kindness of the Rev. Eric McDermott.
I have not been able to identify De Sainteville. There is an article in the Dublin Review for June, 1848, attributed to him by the editor, where he refers to having written this one in the British Critic.
Although there is no attribution for this article in any of the lists, there is a possibility that it was written by H. E. Manning. In his journal (see above, p.) Newman wrote, "Asked Manning to become a regular contributor," and on February 1, Manning replied, "I will pledge myself gladly to an article quarterly, savage and tartarly" (MS. letter at Pusey House). Manning was much concerned with Middle Schools in these years, and wrote to Archdeacon Hare in October, 1840, "Something effectual must be either done or prepared in the matter of education. Nearly two years will . . . be gone by since the first move." Manning did send an article to Newman in March, 1838, which Newman sent off to the printer at once, but this was apparently the one on Henry Martyn which appeared in July. (E. S. Purcell, Life of Cardinal Manning [2 vols., New York, 1898], I, 178, 228.)
List of Works Written and Edited by . . . Cardinal Newman in the Library of Sir William H. Cope [1885].
Among the Newman letters at Ushaw College is one to Newman from Rivington (June, 1873) in answer to a query from him about certain articles in the British Critic. Rivington says the firm no longer has any accounts of the review—they were lost in a fire—but gives a few extracts from contemporary letters from Newman. For the issue of July, 1838, Newman had identified Mr. Wilberforce as the author of "John Jay" and Mr. Copeland as that of "Bishop Ken." (See the next article.) I am indebted to the Reverend B. Paine for the opportunity to consult a microfilm of these letters.
In view of a separate, and probably contemporary, list at the Oratory attributing this article to Rogers, it is curious that the Newman lists show such uncertainty. In the autograph the article is attributed to Wood. In the fair copy the entry is "S. F. Wood [?Rogers?]." In the Pusey House list the article is ascribed to S. F. Wood ? but another hand has written "F. R." We know that Newman had asked Rogers to write this review, but Rogers was having trouble with his eyes and was not sure that he could do as Newman wished (Rogers, Letters, pp. 48-49). The article has very generally been attributed to Rogers, by S. Wilberforce (The Life of Samuel Wilberforce [3 vols., 1880-1882], I, 131), by Trench himself (Letters and Memorials, ed. Miss M. Trench [2 vols., 1888], I, 228) and by Arthur Hugh Clough (Correspondence, ed. F. L. Mulhauser [2 vols., 1957], I, 85). It is also assigned to Rogers in the marked set at Pusey House. It seems probable that although Rogers was the author of the review he may have been aided in preparing it for the printer by Wood.
That Newman had been counting on an article by Sewall for the October number is indicated in a letter to Bowden of August 17, 1838 (Letters, II, 261).
On February 1, 1839, in a letter to H. W. Wilberforce, Newman enumerated the articles and their authors for the January number, thus confirming the attributions in the Newman lists.
In the autograph list there is a notation: "James Mozley in a letter of [illegible], 1839." In August, 1838, Newman had suggested to Mozley that he review this work.
Robert Francis Wilson (1809-1888). A pupil of Newman's at Oxford and at one time curate to Keble at Hursley. In his memorandum on subjects Newman noted, "Tract 80 with illustrations Wilson done," and again in the "Contents of Numbers, July, 1838" he wrote "Wilson Tract 80."
In the Pusey House set this article is marked "H. W. Wilberforce." In the autograph list the name "Jebb" appears with a ?, but in the margin of the fair copy is a note: "March 1839 Wood spoke of an article of his own." There is no entry against this article in the Pusey House list, and it does not appear in the list of H. W. Wilberforce's articles appended thereto, nor in the letter from Newman to Rivington cited in note 42.
Isaac Williams, Autobiography, ed. G. Prevost (1892). In the autograph list the names of both Williams and R. I. Wilberforce appear against this article, but in the fair copy only that of Williams. In the Pusey House list Wilberforce has been crossed out and Williams substituted.
"W. J. Copeland" is the ascription in the autograph list. There is none in the fair copy, nor in the Pusey House list. However, conclusive evidence for Wilberforce's authorship is to be found in a transcription of part of a letter from Newman to Rivington of June, 1839, at Ushaw College, in which the author of article 8 is identified as the "Rev. H. W. Wilberforce." Because the information was sent in reply to a request for a list of Wilberforce's contributions, Rivington only transcribed the one item, thereby implying that it was his only contribution in that number.
In the autograph list the article is ascribed to Newman with a marginal note, "part R. F. Wilson." Again in the fair copy the entry is "Newman," but again with a note, "The part about Nicholas Ferrar is R. F. Wilson's ?" In Newman's "N.B. on Subjects" he had indicated Wilson as a possible reviewer of Turner's Nicholas Ferrar. On Sept. 8, 1839, Newman wrote to his sister Jemima (letter in the possession of Mr. J. H. Mozley) that in the October issue there was a short article on Nicholas Ferrar; he had written only the article on the American Church. On Oct. 25 he told her that she did not know the author of the article on Taylor versus Ferrar; it was a secret. The secret, I suspect, was that Newman had added the attack on Taylor and a defence of celibacy to Wilson's original article on Ferrar.
In the autograph list the attribution is to Newman, while in the fair copy it is "J. S. Brewer?" From the beginning Newman had wished to have Brewer as a contributor. Nothing seems to have come of his hopes, for I have found no contribution from Brewer during his editorship. Aside from the fact that Brewer was the editor of the book being reviewed in this article, which is not necessarily conclusive, there are remarks in the article which seem unlikely to have been made by him, such as, "We wonder Mr. Brewer should not have noticed it," and "Mr. Brewer adds nothing in elucidation of this point."
H. P. Liddon, Life of Edward Bouverie Pusey, ed. J. O. Johnston, R. J. Wilson (4 vols., 1893-1897). For some reason Newman did not include this appendix in his lists.
Charles Miller, Vicar of Harlow, A.B. Oxford (Magdalen), 1817. Prolific writer on church matters. Wrote on commutation of tithes in 1839, 1840, 1841, and 1842. Still in Crockford's Clerical Directory for 1876.
Although this article is assigned to T. Mozley in the fair copy, it is questioned in both the autograph and the Pusey House lists. Among the Oratory papers there is a single page of a letter of August 12, 1839, to Newman from a Mr. Price, who describes himself as "former editor of the Atlas newspaper." Newman apparently passed this letter on to Mozley when the latter became editor, with the following superscription: "This is the author of the article on French Churches. . . . He was to send me something more and never did." The only additional information I have been able to find is in a MS. letter to Newman from a Rev. Mr. Foulerton, dated January 3, 1840, at Pusey House, supplying the former with Mr. Price's most recent address (27 rue Royale, Calais) and adding that he was a member of the Church of England.
In his memorandum at the Oratory "Authors of Articles," Newman confirms the attribution of this article as well as the ones on Rural Chapters in July and the Manufacturing Poor in October, "as by my sister H.E.M.'s letters to me." The same memorandum is included with the Pusey House list.
There is no attribution of this article in the Newman lists at the Oratory, but in addition to the letter to H. W. Wilberforce, there is a note on a very tattered sheet among the Oratory MSS., "On Justice Burton—Cotton." Judge Burton was the author of the book being reviewed.
Roundell Palmer, Earl of Selbourne, Memorials (2 pts., in 4 vols., 1896-1898). Charles Wordsworth in his Annals of My Early Life (1891), p. 187, confirms the attribution.
Oakeley lists his articles in the British Critic, but Father Allchin reports the letter to be hastily written, and the list is incomplete.
The attributions in this number are verified by a copy of a letter at the Oratory from Newman to Rivington, listing the authors and their articles, directing what payments are to be made, and giving the addresses to which they are to be sent. This letter is difficult to reconcile with one from Wood to Manning in January, 1841, quoted by Purcell (Life of Manning, I, 249n), in which Wood says, "How grand our three articles, all of a row, in the British Critic, look." Purcell comments, "The three writers were Manning, Wood, and Rogers."
In the Pusey House list Bosanquet was first entered with a ?, but Oakeley's name was then substituted.
See note 54. It is true that Newman had written to Wood in September, 1840, "I want you to review Hope's speech in the House of Lords for the British Critic and give a sketch of the history of the struggle" (Correspondence, p. 67), so that there is a bare possibility that this article represents a collaboration between Manning and Wood, but Manning alone appears to have been paid by Rivington.
There seems to have been some doubt in Newman's mind about Wilson's authorship. In the autograph the name is queried. In the fair copy it was at first left blank and then the entry "R. Wilson" is very faintly written in, perhaps tentatively. However, Newman wrote very favorably to Keble on March 25, 1841, of "Wilson's article" (Letters, II, 338). Nevertheless one cannot entirely ignore two letters at Pusey House dealing with an article on the Church in the West Indies. On December 14, 1839, Henry Coleridge sent Newman "the MS. of a proposed article on West Indian Affairs" and on March 24, 1840, Rivington wrote to Newman that he had received the MS. "which accompanies the letter from the Archdeacon of Barbadoes [Parry] who would like it to appear in the April number." Both letters were, of course, a year earlier. It may also be noted that Newman was writing to H. W. Wilberforce on October 29, 1840, about an article on the Church Missionary Society to be ready by March. I have found no evidence that Wilberforce wrote such an article.
In separate notes in the Oratory and Pusey House MSS. Newman says of these two Cotton articles, "as by his letter to me." In the autograph the original ascription of "Chrysostom" was to Keble, but Cotton was written very faintly in the margin. It was attributed to J. Jebb in the Pusey House list, but the name was changed to Cotton in another hand. There is no attribution for the second in the autograph.
Although the authorship of T. Mozley is questioned in both the fair copy and the Pusey House list, Mozley claims the article with a fair show of confidence in the Reminiscences.
Mozley candidly tells us in his Reminiscences (II, 235) of his difficulties in recognizing even his own contributions after so many years, and says that "the precious memorandum book in which I carefully noted every change in the programme of the quarter . . . has long since gone from my gaze." For the attributions under his editorship I have had to depend heavily upon the Reminiscences but have tried to corroborate then whenever possible from other sources. The correspondence between Thomas Mozley and his contributors, unless otherwise indicated, is at the Oratory.
This attribution is included on a separate list with the Pusey House MSS. headed "H. W. W. Articles."
Because Ward made such a categorical and specific claim to the authorship of his articles in his Ideal of a Christian Church, firsthand and contemporary evidence, I have not here listed the individual letters from Ward to Mozley which are included with the British Critic MSS. at the Oratory. They do, however, throw light upon the relationships between Ward, Newman, and Mozley.
S. R. Bosanquet, Principia. A Series of Essays on the Principles of Evil . . . in Religion, Philosophy, and Politics (1843).
Oakeley proposed an article to Mozley "in reply to Mr. Bird" and in explanation of passages in Bishop Jewel (see issue of July, 1841). Mozley persuaded him to reshape it and on May 27 Oakeley wrote, "Tomorrow I despatch the article on Mr. Bird and the greater part of that on Psalms and Hymns." In view of such evidence the marking in the Pusey House set attributing the article to J. B. Mozley would appear to be in error.
With the Pusey House list is a sheet headed "British Critic, January, 1843." It purports to identify the authors of articles in that number, but it omits both articles by Oakeley. I shall refer to this as the Pusey House listing.
T. T. Carter in his Memoir of J[ohn] Armstrong, D.D. (1857) states categorically that the article is by Armstrong, with whom he had been closely associated and who had died only the previous year. The Pusey House listing attributes it to Markland—one of the authors being reviewed—and T. Mozley, but the evidence seems to me strongly in favor of Armstrong's authorship.
Wilfrid Ward, William George Ward and the Oxford Movement (1889). Oakeley in his letters to Mozley is most anxious that his anonymity be preserved with regard to this article.
Mozley (Reminiscences, II, 219) says only, "A gentleman, I believe of Jewish extraction . . . wrote an article full of Hebrew scholarship." This might possibly have been Goldsmid, who, it will be remembered, was a friend of Rogers and Wood and who may have contributed to the magazine earlier.
"I should now be glad to be quite certain that I wrote the . . . review . . . of 'Nature a Parable,'" says Mozley in 1882.
Formby's letter to Mozley at the Oratory reads, "I believe I shall not be mistaken in considering myself indebted to you for the very kind notice which the British Critic has taken of the 'Visit to the East.'" Mozley only commits himself so far as to say, "It must have been I, too, who wrote the review of Formby's 'Visit to the East.'"
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