University of Virginia Library

CHARLOTTESVILLE

1762

1906

THE City of Opportunity, where welcome waits the stranger. County Seat of Albemarle. Home of the far-famed University
of Virginia. "A land flowing with milk and honey." Her glorious past and future possibilities. Endowed by nature
as a place of residence. A brief review of her business men whose loyalty, public spirit and sterling qualities
have earned for her the proud distinction she holds in the sisterhood of cities of the great and growing Southland.

Charlottesville.

THE history and growth of cities
present many varied features,
the development of many being
rocket-like, that of others
being governed by the steady and
natural progress of events in their
municipal records. The rise of Charlottesville
partakes of the latter characteristics.
Its status to-day has not
been bolstered up by sensational booms.
On the contrary, indeed, its growth
has been attended—in the early years,
at least—by much irregularity and
considerable slowness. This may
really be considered an advantage, as
the increase of population has assumed
the elements of permanency due to
legitimate and conservative courses of
progress. Up to Revolutionary times
our city kept wending its way slowly
toward its present dimensions, maintaining
its general features of a trim
and thriving little town.

The power by which we recall past
scenes, the rapidity with which they
are brought in review before us, the
faculty by which we can "range o'er
creation" and dwell upon the past and
future, demonstrates that man was
and is destined for immortality. By
the contemplation of the past, we feel
our span of existence extended: we
enter into the thoughts, hopes and aspirations
of generations gone by, and
in such moments hold communion
with the departed spirits of antiquity.
It is not our purpose, however, to inflict
the reader with an endless array
of dry historical data detailing the
achievements of each year. That
would be as tiresome as an old ditty.
Neither are we going to delve deeply
or minutely into the dead past, for our
citizens are essentially a people of today
in all appointments and aspirations.
The past is gone; the future is
not here; the present must be faced as
our sturdy citizens can face it, with a
determination to take advantage of
every opportunity to advance their
own and the municipality's interests.
The main object of this edition of the
Progress is to advertise Charlottesville
and to bring new people and new industries
within our borders. We all
know that every activity that provides
honest employments adds not alone to
the material wealth of the community,
but to its moral and political life. By
attaining to the highest standard of efficiency
as a city government, we shall
offer an incentive that will induce the
settlement here of additional capital
and labor. Arguing thus no single fac
can be more convincing as to the superior
advantages of Charlottesville as a site
of industrial operation than the success
and prosperity of the enterprises
already in operation here. Charlottesville
is the county seat of Albemarle
county, and is situated in the very
heart of Virginia among the foot hills
of the Blue Ridge mountains. By the
City Charter (1887-8) we find that the
corporate limits of the city are as follows:

"That so much of the land as lies
and is contained within the following
boundaries, beginning at the entrance
to the Brennan estate from the Monticello
road (the gate nearest town);
thence north forty-eight, east one
hundred and six poles, crossing the
Chesapeake and Ohio railway, to corner
of the yard belonging to (the farm)
late Thomas L. Farish's estate, on the
road to the Woolen Mills; thence with
said yard fence, north thirty-three and
one-half, east fifty-eight and one-half
poles; thence north twenty-one, west
one hundred and seventy-six and a
half poles, to the northeast corner of
B. C. Flannagan's dwelling-house;
thence north seventy-two and one-half,
west one hundred and fourteen poles,
to the south bank of the Virginia Midland
railway; thence along said southern
bank, south forty-eight and one-half,
west one hundred poles, and
south fifty-eight and one-half, west
thirty-five poles to the south side of
Preston avenue; thence along the south
side of said avenue, north forty-seven
and one-half, west thirty-seven poles
to the southeast corner of John M.
White's lot; thence leaving the road or
avenue, south eighty-seven and one-half,
west thirty-seven and four-tenths
poles, to the southeast corner of Jesse
Seay's lot; thence north eighty-two and
one-half, west one hundred and forty-eight
poles, to the southeast corner of
Mrs. Turner's slaughter-house; thence
north sixty-nine and one-half, west
thirty-four poles, to the lane leading
to the said Mrs. Turner's house; thence
with said lane, south twenty-six, west
thirty poles, to the Chesapeake and
Ohio railway; thence east with said
railway to the crossing of the University
avenue; thence leaving the railway,
south thirteen and one-fourth,
west one hundred and eighteen poles,
crossing the Virginia Midland railway,
to a corner in line with the Fife lots;
thence south eighty-seven and one-half,
east thirty-six poles, to the southern
line of said lots, and along the
same sixty-eight and one-half poles to

the southwest corner of Thomas B.
Bunch's lot, at the head of R. H. Fife's
ice-pond; thence south forty-three and
one-half, east thirty-seven poles, to
corner in branch below said ice-pond;
thence south twenty-four and three-fourths,
east one hundred and twenty-seven
and one-half poles, to the southwest
corner of James S. Barkdale's lot
on the road to Hartman's mill; thence
along the northern margin of said road,
south sixty-one and three-fourths, east
twenty-three and one-half poles to the
southeast corner of said Barksdale's
garden; thence south eighty-one, east
seventy-five poles, to Pollock's branch;
thence with said branch as far as its
several courses will admit, north forty-two
and a-half, east eighty-five poles,
north seventy-four and one-half, east
twenty poles, and north forty-five and
one-half, east eight poles, to a point on
said branch west of J. L. Hay's house;
thence south sixty-nine and one-half,
east one hundred and eleven and one-half
poles crossing the Scottsville road
(and including the said Hay's house),
to the place of beginning, shall be, and
is hereby made the city of Charlottesville;
and the inhabitants of the city of
Charlottesville, for all purposes for
which towns and cities are incorporated
in this Commonwealth, shall continue
to be one body politic in fact and in
name, under the style and denomination
of the city of Charlottesville, and
as such shall have all the rights, immunities,
powers, and privileges, and be
subject to all the duties and obligations
now incumbent and pertaining to said
city as a municipal corporation; and by
that name may sue and be sued, and
be subject to all of the provisions of the
Code of Virginia, except so far as may
be herein otherwise provided."

Charlottesville has a population (including
the University, Woolen Mills
and suburbs) of 12,000, and is steadily
increasing on account of the superior
advantages it offers to those seeking a
healthful, hospitable residential city in
which to educate their children.

The city has a bountiful supply of
pure, free-stone water which reaches
the city by gravity from an immense
reservoir situated in the mountains
four miles away. The sewerage system
is one of the best in the South.

Charlottesville is at the junction of
the Chesapeake and Ohio railway, running
East and West, and of the Southern
railway, running North and South.
More than twenty passenger trains
enter the city daily, in addition to numerous
fast freights and local accommodation
trains. It has direct railway
Communication with Washington,
Baltimore, New York, Atlanta, Richmond
and with deep waters at Newport
News and Norfolk. The new
Chesapeake & Ohio and the Union
Station are among the handsomest in
Virginia. Dame Nature has been
lavish in the bestowal of her charms
upon our city and county. Her cloud-kissing
and tempest-riven hills and
her deep valleys have won for
her a national fame. Other of her attractions
have been told and retold in
school and story books in many climes.
These, great and small, are numerous,
and have been fruitful themes for
artists, poets and biographers, and
objects of admiration for millions of
others who find food for reflection in
grand and awe-inspiring upheavals and
contortions of nature.

There are few cities in the Union that
offer greater advantages to the home-seeker
than Charlottesville. In climate
it realizes that happy mean between
the vigors of the bleak Northern winters
and the torrid heat of the extreme
South. In geographical location Albemarle
county corresponds to that of
South Europe, being between the thiry-sixth
and thirty-ninth parallels of
latitude. It has vast undeveloped resources.
Deep in her bosom are hidden
mineral treasures, which as yet remain
untouched by the hand of man,
while there are mighty forests of timber
of original growth, where the
sound of the woodman's axe has never
been heard. We will dwell more fully
on the resources of this vicinity in
another column.

Charlottesville Founded.

From the history of Albemarle County
published by Rev. Edgar Woods
(and for which this community is
greatly indebted) we find that the
foundation of Charlottesville was begun
"by the purchase of one thousand
acres from Colonel Richard Randolph
of Henrico, extending north and south
from near Morris creek, and east and
west from where the Chesapeake and
Ohio Depot now is to Preston Heights.
The title of the property was vested in
Dr. Thomas Walker as trustee, and he
was empowered to sell and convey it
to purchasers. The town was planned
at the eastern edge of this tract, and
consisted of four tiers of squares, each
tier running east and west, and containing
seven squares, and the four
tiers extending from Jefferson street on
the north to south street on the south.
The public square for the court house
was exterior to the limits of the town.
The act of Assembly establishing the
town was passed in November 1762.
It is therein recited that fifty acres of
land contiguous to the courthouse had
already been laid off into lots and
streets, and as it would be of great advantage
to the inhabitants of the county
if established a town for the reception
of traders, it was so established,
to be called and known by the name
of Charlottesville. Dictated by the
spirit of loyalty then prevalent, the
name was given in honor of Princess
Charlotte of Mecklenburg Strelity, who
had recently become Queen of England
as the wife of King George III."

Charlottesville in 1825.

From an old letter the following
description of Charlottesville is quoted.
"The site of the village is upon the
summit of a gentle elevation which
begins to rise from the foot of Monticello.
It contains a court house, a half
finished church, and three or four taverns,
which constitute the whole of its
public buildings. It covers a limited
portion of ground, and from its appearance,
may number six hundred inhabitants.
When a traveller arrives in the
village, he is struck with the sublime,
beautiful and picturesque scenery
which everywhere surrounds him, and
he pauses to contemplate with eager
curiosity the magnificent prospect
which meets his view. He forgets
there is such a place as Charlottesville
in existence when he casts his eye
upon mountain after mountain rising
in regular succession, and whose lofty
summits mingle with the sky till they
are lost in the distance. At one time
the tops of these lofty hills are enveloped
in clouds, and at others when
the glorious King of Day sinks behind
them, and tinges with golden rays
their elevated heads, it calls forth an
unfeigned burst of admiration. The
pure, unadulterated air which descends
into this village, surrounded
with these mountains, gives infallable
token that the best of all earthy blessings,
health, dwells among them."

Albemarle County.

LYING in the Piedmont section
of Virginia, amid the beautiful
sceneries of the lofty Blue
Ridge mountains is a country
that needs no introduction to the world.

Look at the map of the Mother State
Virginia, right in the heart of this
glorious land you will see Albemarle
county, one of the richest and most
beautiful spots in the world. This
section could be nothing less than rich
and healthful when nature has so
abundantly provided it with natural
blue grass, amid a wealth of springs
and streams containing pure free stone
water, no long seasons of drought, and
through the warm summer days the
refreshing showers never cease to refresh
this thrifty land. And as the
lofty Blue Ridge rises higher and higher
as our Guardian Angel, it never fails
to throw out its great wing to shield
us from the storms and blasts that rage
and roar on the other side, and sloping
down toward the East with the
rising sun of gold shining clear upon
it, gently ends with the rolling plains
of this great and beautiful section.

If the stranger will look at the robust,
rosy, cheeked farmer as he bustles
around in his industrious energetic
manner, he never has to make the inquiry
as to his healthfulness, his
energy and thrift, but looking
around sees his answer written in
the fine fruit, grains, and cattle as they
like himself all abundantly thrive on
the rich soil. This soil is adapted to
the fruits, grains and grasses of the
temperate zone. Farm machinery is
used almost everywhere. In this section
are to be found farmers of great
wisdom and skill, who have made as
much as forty-four bushels of wheat to
the acre over large fields; and from
fifty to seventy-five bushels of corn.
Clover does well, timothy and orchard
grass are also successfully used and,
where time and continued grazing are
given, the land runs into a blue grass
sod. The finest potates are raised, and
tobacco also, though not so much of
the latter as in former times. Winter
oats have been known to yield as much
as 87 1-2 bushels to the acre on hill land.
This section being the greatest fruit
belt in the world and the rosy cheeked
Wine Sap finds sale all over the Earth.
Apples, pears, plums, peaches, quinces,
cherries, bring annually hundreds of
thousands of dollars. One small farmer
might be mentioned who from five
young cherry trees netted $150; others
get from $4,000 to $5,000 for their apples
in the orchard; and yet many persons
looking at these orchards on hill sides
and in mountain hollows, would think
$5,000 a great price for the land, trees
and all. The soil and climate in this
section unite to give the fruit the finest
color and the richest flavor. The Albemarle
Pippin, which requires a special
soil and elevation, has taken the first
premium at the London Pomological
Exhibition as the best apple in the

[ILLUSTRATION]

DR. WILSON C. N. RANDOLPH,
Great Grandson of Thomas Jefferson,
and a resident of Charlottesville.

world. It will bring from $7 to $8 a
barrel in Liverpool when other American
apples are selling for from $3
to $4. The first class of this kind are
all exported, Strawberries, dewberries,
blackberries, and raspberries, grow
wild in the greatest abundance, and for
months form a wholesome arcicle of
diet for rich and poor. The first and last
are also grown in gardens, and bring a
fine price in the markets. A gentleman
last season from a steep corner of
his orchard where he had a patch of
cultivated raspberries sold never less
than one hundred quarts a day at not
lower than ten cents a quart by the
crate. The orchards of this section
bear abundantly and are not sprayed.
It is the home of the various kinds of
fruits. There are many fine vineyards of
table and wine grapes. The Monticello
Wine Company make annually about
120,000 gallons of superior wine.

The soft spring showers bring forth
the golden grains of every description,
wheat, corn, oats, barley and rye.
Life in the heart of Virginia is really
worth living, around you graze, gambol,
and frolic the horses, cows and
sheep on the natural blue grass of this
land.

Here also does the tobacco put forth
its wide spreading leaves, and grows
with strength and rapidity.

Stock raising is one of the most
remunerative employments. Sheep
are protected by a dog law and easily
return 1,000 per cent. They run in the
fields much of the, winter needing little
feed or attention. Lambs ready for
the market in March will bring from $8
to $10 a head; the price falls to about $3
in June. Indeed wherever stock raising
here is intelligently followed and
pursued according to buisness methods,
it is successful, whether the farmer
raises registered stock for the breeder,
or fat cattle, sheep or hogs.

Amid the productions of fruit,
grain, and cattle, there is no reason to
sit down with them all on your hands,
as the Chesapeake & Ohio and Southern
railroads connect you with all the
leading markets of the East. Richmond,
Washington, Baltimore, Chicago,
St. Louis and New York, which
gives us the advantages of the early
spring market. Charlottesville is located
just 90 miles from Richmond, 115
miles from Washington, 155 miles from
Baltimore and only a few hours run
from Chicago, St Louis and New York.
It is very readily seen that with the
Chesapeake & Ohio railroad running
East and West and the Southern traversing
North and South it would not
be very difficult to locate a farm five
miles distant from one or the other.
Schools and churches are so closely
dotted over Albemarle county that no
farm is situated more than two miles
from one of these, thus giving you religious
and educational advantages. Far
beyond the limits of the cities are the
telephone poles standing as watchful
sentinels and girded about from one to
the other in a never-ending chain with
a net work of humming wires reaching
for miles and miles in the distance,
right along with the Rural Free Delivery
mail routes, as if in a co-partnership,
adding to the farmers' joy by giving
him all the city advantages. Charlottesville
the county seat containing
a population of 12,000, is situated at the
foot of the Monticello Mountains amid
the rustic scenery and grandness of
which the little squrrels make their
homes and the birds build there nests
in the trees around the home of one of
the greatest men the world ever knew
whose name will be handed down and
proclaimed from generation to generation,
Thomas Jefferson who wrote the
Declaration of American Independence.
Here too, is situated the widely
famed University of Virginia, a full
account of which will be found in
another column. A few miles west of
this is the Miller Manual Labor School
which educates, boards and clothes
ophan children of Albemarle free of all
cost. The Rawlings Institute for
young ladies, a splendid school, is also
located here. Charlotteville furnishes
a home market for the farmer, and
there has been built a cannery which
greatly increases the demand for the
farmers' products. Here also, is situated
the Charlottesville Woolen Mills,
organized in 1869, whose goods are
shipped all over the United States and
rank at the head of any goods of this
class manufactured, the Monticello
Wine Co., and the Albemarle Soapstone
Co., at Alberine, who employ 800
hands.

Among the other buisness enterprises
of the city are: An overall factory,
a bark and sumac plant, two lumber
companies, electric light and gas
plant, flouring mills, weekly and
two daily papers, four banks, all of
which have large deposits, an elegant
street car service connecting us with
Fry's Spring, two miles to the southwest,
a noted summer resort.

An Expert Opinion.

Hon. S. B. Morton, from Nebraska,
Secretary of Agriculture in President
Cleveland's Cabinet, once said: "There
is no reason on earth why Virginia
should not swarm with a vigorous
agricultural life. The more I think of
it, the more I am impressed, and the
more the wonder grows, that such
a field for farming should be at the
very door of an over-crowded North,
and go unnoticed so long. There is
not a word which I have said of the
strength of the harvests which lie
asleep in the soil of Virginia which
over-states the truth. All it needs is
energy, industry and know how, and
no farms would pay better, or produce
better, than the farms of Virginia,
As a mere crop producer, Virginia will
stand shoulder to shoulder with any
State in the West."

These lands, lying at the gateway of
the North, in close proximity to the
great markets of the United States,
meeting all the requirements of Hippocrates
for perfect health—pure
air, pure water, and a pure soil; fertile
well wooded, well watered, especially
adapted to stock raising and fruit
growing, with magnificent educational
advantages splendid railroad
facilities can be bought for from five
to twenty dollars an acre, according to
improvements. Here in the last few

years many from the factory towns of
New England and from the great
West and Northwest have come and
found happy and prosperous homes.
They are bringing their industry, energy
and thrift to their adopted homes,
and are developing the resources and
building up the material wealth of
Virginia, while adding to their own
estates.

Thomas Jefferson.

THOMAS JEFFERSON, descended
from a family which
had been long settled in his native
State, was born at Shadwell,
Albemarle county, Va., on
the 2d of April, 1743. After finishing
his collegiate course of education
at William's and Mary's College, he
commenced the study of the law with
the celebrated George Wythe, afterwards
Chancellor of the State. He
was called to the bar in 1766; and in
1769 was a member of the Legislature
of Virginia. On the 12th of March,
1773, he was appointed a member of
the first committee of correspondence
established by the Colonial Legislatures;

and the next year he wrote and
published his Summary View of the
Rights of British America. It was a
bold and manly document, ably setting
forth our own rights, and pointing
out clearly the various ways in
which they had been violated by the
British Government. On the 27th of
March, 1775, he was elected one of the
members to represent Virginia in the
General Congress of the Confederated
Colonies, already assembled at Philadelphia,
and took his seat in this assembly
on the 21st of June. So early
did he become known for his ability,
that, in a few days after his arrival,
he was made a member of a committee
appointed to draw up a declaration
setting forth the causes and necessity
of resorting to arms.

In September, 1796, when General
Washington announced his determination
to renounce public life, the two
parties into which the nation was
divided—the Federalists and Republicans—brought
forward their favorite
candidates. John Adams was supported
by the former, and Thomas
Jefferson by the latter. Mr. Adams
was elected, and entered upon the
duties of his office the 4th of March,
1797. Such, however were the changes
in public sentiment, that after four
years Mr. Jefferson was elected President.
Mr. Jefferson was always
greatly in favor of the emancipation
of the colored brother and often spoke
of the inconsistency of holding men
in slavery while we ourselves were
contending for liberty at the peril of
everything dear, could not but strike
the minds of reflecting persons. No
sooner, therefore, was independence
declared, than several of the States
took measures gradually to put an
end to slavery, by enacting laws that
all children born of slaves, after a certain
date, should be free when they
arrived at a certain age. But the
obstacles were of two kinds. First, the
opposition of the slave holders themselves,
and that which rendered the
thing inexpedient, even with the
more enlightened and benevolent, who
were the sincere friends of right and
emancipation, was the difficulty of
disposing of them when liberated.
The sentiment was almost universal,

among all classes of people in the
Southern States that it would never
do to emancipate the slaves, and permit
them to remain in the country.

The chief glory of Mr. Jefferson's
character was his ardent love of liberty
for all men, irrespective of color.
This is clearly evinced in the preamble
of the Declaration of Independence,
which he wrote; in the principles
of the Ordinance of 1787, which
he originated; and in several passages
in his Notes on Virginia, wherein he
pictures, in his own nervous language,
the demoralizing influences of
slavery.

In person Mr. Jefferson was six feet
two inches high, erect and well formed,
though thin; his eyes were
light, and full of intelligence; his
complection fair, and hiscountenance
remarkably expressive. In conversation
he was cheerful and enthusiastic,
and his language was remarkable for
vivacity and correctness. His manners
were simple and unaffected, combined,
however, with much native
but unobtrusive dignity.

Jefferson's Dying Counsel.

This letter will, to you, be as one
from the dead. The writer will be in
the grave before you can weigh its
counsels. Your affectionate and excellent
father has requested that I
would address to you something
which might possibly have a favorable
influence on the course of life you
have to run; and I too, as a namesake,
feel an interest in that course.
Few words will be necessary, with
good disposition on your part. Adore
God. Reverence and cherish your
parents. Love your neighbor as yourself,
and your country more than
yourself. Be just. Be true. Murmur
not at the ways of Providence.
So shall the life into which you have
entered be the portal to one of eternal
and ineffable bliss. And, if to the
dead it is permitted to care for the
things of this world, every action of
your life will be under my regard.
Farewell.

Hon. Jefferson M. Levy.

Lawyer; born New York, was graduated
from University of New York
and admitted to the bar in N. Y. City.
Studied law under the late Clarkson
N. Potter. Owner of the famous home
of Thomas Jefferson at "Monticello"
Albemarle County, Va., which has
been in the Levy family since the
death of Thomas Jefferson, inherited
from his late uncle, Commodore Uriah
P. Levy, United States Navy. Author
compilation Election Laws of the City
of New York. Agitated and caused
the reform of the surrogate's practices
in the County of New York. Organized
Democratic Club of New York; represented
13th Congressional District of
New York in the 56th Congress; leader
Gold Democrats in the 56th Congress;
aided in defeating the Nicaraguan
Canal scheme by making famous speech
in House of Representatives, which was
used as a text for opposition of Nicaraguan
Canal and afterwards for purchase
of Panama Canal; made several
prominent speeches in House; one on
investigation of Secretary of Treasury
on Repeal of War Tax, and on bill for
fixing and defining the rank of officers
in the Revenue Service. Offered resolutions
for re-payment of amount of
money expended by U. S. Government
in behalf of Island of Cuba; also bill to
provide for international notes and
bill authorizing national banks to execute
national bank notes in their lawful
money reserve. Member Sons of
Revolution and Sons of the American
Revolution. Member Manhattan,
Democratic, New York Yacht, Meadow
Creek Country and Sundown Park
Clubs. Address, 27 Pine St., N. Y
City.

Louisiana Purchase.

Meriwether Lewis and Wm. Clark,
who were appointed by Thomas Jefferson
to make the Louisiana purchase
from the French as decreed by Congress,
June 20, 1803 were both born in
the vicinity of Charlottesville Lewis

was born August 18th, 1774, where the
home of Mrs. Farish now stands between
here and the Woolen Mills.
Lewis was Jefferson's private Secretary
and a Lieutenant in the United
States Army. He had always been in
poor health more or less, and it appears
that this expedition of exploration and
purchase was far too much for his weak
constitution and so affected his mind
that he killed himself in Western Tennessee,
and by which act the world
lost much valuable knowledge that he
possessed. William Clark was born on
what is now the old McMurdo place
located about two miles Northeast
from town. He was the brother of
General George Rogers Clark known
in history as the "Conqueror of the
Northwest." A full history of these
famous men is in the possession of
Doctor Wilson C. N. Randolph of 202
East Jefferson street. He is a great
grandson of Thomas Jefferson.

Old Virginia's Hills.

Old Charlottesville.

CHARLOTTESVILLE as I remember
it as a child was Court
House Square. I remember the
old Eagle Tavern stood where
the Colonial now is. It was a
wooden building, with a lower and
upper porch, and a bell hung at one
corner of the upper porch, which
sounded when meals were ready. Just
in front of the tavern was Number
Nothing, now occupied by Mr. Goodwin.
Across the street east of the tavern
was Mr. LeShort's jewelry store.
He was Mr. Jefferson's jeweler and
highly esteemed by him. His widow
was afterwards a partner of B. C.
Flannagan. Mr. LeShorts and his
wife were Swiss, and the name is pronounced
Leskore. Mrs. LeShorts' niece,
Marion Montandon, married Maj. G.
T. Jones, who sold the Cochran property
to Judge S. L. Cochran, on West
Main Street. Col. John R. Jones kept
a dry goods store about where Edmonds
and Co.'s store now is. His daughter,
Mrs. Hill, is the oldest born citizen now
living in Charlottesville. His son,
Gen'l T. R. Jones, was a distinguished
Confederate officer, and was at one
time Commandant at West Point. Another
son, Mr. Thomas Jones, was
killed in a duel with Dr. Garnet, of
Hot Springs, during the war. He
was the grandfather of the Rev. J.
Wm. Jones. Where the old "Young
Sam Leitch House" now stands (lately
sold to the Redlands Club) was the old
Swan Tavern. Kenneday, in his
"Horse Shoe Robertson" novel, begins
by introducing two horsemen crossing
Rockfish Gap, who stopped at the old
Swan Tavern, Charlottesville. They
are George Washington and Peter
Francisco. Barrett and McIntire kept
a store on the Square. Twyman Wayt
was postmaster, and the postoffice was
situated at the east end of what is
now known as the McCue row. William
Davis, who is inventor of the
present Postal Car Service, late of St.
Joseph, Mo., was a clerk in Mr. Wayt's
office. Wash. Childs was jailor. The
writer sat up with him the night before
he died. His maiden sister, Miss
Nancy Childs, left a house to her colored
servant Margaret Childs, which
was taken down to open the present
entrance to the jail. Matthews, the
jeweler, who has descendents in the
southern part of the county, kept store
in the same place as LeShort. John

Cochran, Sr., kept store where Rhoads
and Kurtz now have their saloon, and
he lived in the house now occupied by
the children of Mr. R. K. Flannagan.
The Farmers and Merchants
Bank, Wm. A. Bibb cashier, was located

[ILLUSTRATION]

THE ANCIENT COURT HOUSE, ERECTED 1803.

in the brick house just north of
the old post-office, and west of the present
station house. The old jail was
just north of the station house. John
Garner, the only barber of the town,
kept shop in a very small wooden
building just east of Number Nothing.
My old friend, Bob Cogbill, served his
time under John Garner. Where the
City Hall now stands, was the old-fashioned
residence of David Fowler,
the grandfather of my friend Whack
Fowler. Where the store room recently
occupied by Mr. Eldridge Turner now
stands, was a house occupied by Mr.
Points. In the basement of this building
facing west, Mr. Perley, father of
James Perley, had a furniture store.
At the corner now occupied by the
building in which the Wills Drug Co.
has its store, stood Dodd's, furniture
shop. Mr. James Perley served his
time under him. Another old landmark
is what was known as the Shingled
Palace. It is the home now occupied
by Mr. Rice Burnley as a harness
store. Here was born the oldest born
citizen of Charlottesville, an old colored
man named Kinny, who was ninety-three
years old last Christmas eve, and
has been an employee of the C. & O. R.
R. ever since Montcure Robertson, its
first president, was in office. There
are several houses which are recalled
by these reminiscences, but they have
all been removed. The store of John
and Ben Mosby, which stood about
where J. D. Watson's store is now located,
and Aunt Nancy Isaacs ginger
bread store, which stood about where
the Cable piano store now stands, were
two of these. In the spot where H.
Balz and Sons now keep store, my old
great uncle, Tom O'Grady, kept his
store, and owned about one-half of the
square between 2nd and 3rd streets, E.
He was one of the most original characters
Charlottesville ever produced,
and I hope to give some account of
him later. Ebenezer Watts owned
and occupied the old fashioned building
which stood where the Hartnagle
Building now stands. The old Tom
Jones Building which stood where T.
J. Wills and Co. now have their store,
was for many years a landmark.
Jessie Scott's house stood where the
old postoffice now stands. Jessie
and his boys, Bob and Jim, were the
musicians of Charlottesville and Albemarle
for many years. They were
highly respected by all the old Albemarle
families.

Old Virginia Fiddlers.

AT the corner of Main and Second
streets, East, where the
old postoffice stood, lived the
celebrated colored family of
"Old Virginia fiddlers," "The Scotts."
This family had some Indian blood in

them. The house was built one hundred
and twenty three years ago by Colonel
Bell, an officer in the Revolution
and was demolished about 1895 by
General Thomas L. Rosser, in order
to make room for the former postoffice
building. "Old Jessie" was the father,
and the three boys were Tom, Bob and
Jim. Tom was valet to the Hon. Wm.
C. Rivers, United States Minister to
Paris. He married a French woman
and remained in France. The family
was greatly beloved by the old citizens
of the town and county. They were
called upon to play at the wedding of
nearly every couple in the county.
Even after the war, often in the afternoon
of courtdays, the old fellows
would assemble at Bob Scott's house to
hear the boys play the old tunes they
had danced to in their young days.
Jim was the best player, but Bob
would put on a smoking cap with
Indian bead work on it at all dances
and call out the "figures." Six feet
four inches high, he was a striking
figure indeed. When the dance was
"well on," Bob would give the
"Laughing Cotillion." Instead of
singing it he laughed it to violin accompaniment
and the entire company,
ladies and gentlemen, would join in the
laugh. The effect was indescribable.
I have heard Ole Bull, Vauxtemps
and Remenye, and, while their playing
was masterful and scientific, I
had rather hear Jim Scott play "Come
Share My Cottage Gentle Maiden,"
than any of them. Bob was the last
of the "boys" to pass away. He
dropped dead on Ridge street only a
few years ago in his ninety-fourth
year. Bob has three daughters now
living in the city—Elizabeth, Mary and
Charlotte, and one son, "Buck," died
only a few months ago. "Naldy"
Cox, the bill poster, is a grandson of
Bob. Those happy old days of the
Virginia fiddler have gone, and so
have nearly all of the old generation
who could "cut the pigeon wing,' "
"back steps," and many other "steps"
when "Ladies to the right" was called
out by the fiddlers.

The Post Office.

THE Post Office of Charlottesville
has always been managed
in a business-like manner
and by people who were
thoroughly competent to transact its
affairs to the perfect satisfaction of
Uncle Sam and the inhabitants of the
community. In 1876 President U. S.
Grant appointed Mrs. Mary H. Sumner
Long, Postmistress. She was the
wife of General Amsterdell Long who
was chief of artillery on the staff of
General Robert E. Lee, and daughter
of General E. V. Sumner of the United
States Army. Mrs. Long held the
position for twenty-two years and
until her death. She was succeeded
by Captain Thomas P. Peyton who
had been connected with the postoffice
for sixteen years and acted as postmaster
for eight months until the appointment
of Willard G. Saltsman,
who gave way about one year ago to
Gen. Thomas L. Rosser who was one
of the leading officers in the Confederate
Army. In the days of Mrs. Long
the postoffice was located where Bibb's
real estate office is now located. In
1895 it was moved to the corner of
Main and Second streets, from where
it removed, April 1, to its splendid new
quarters in the Federal Building.

Forty-Five Years Ago.

Forty-five years ago April 12, the
Confederate war was started by the
South Carolinians firing on the United
States troops occupying Fort Sumpter
in the harbor at Charleston. A Virginian,
Mr. Ruffin, was allowed to
fire the first shot at the United States
flag. A few days before the cadets of
the South Carolina Military Academy
had opened fire on the Federal ship
"Star of the West" from a battery on
Morris Island, near Charleston, but the
shot fired at Fort Sumpter was the
first official shot of the war.

Census of Albemarle County and Charlottesville
From 1790—1900.

1790—12,585; 1800—164,39; 1810—18,
268; 1820—32,618; 1830—19,747; 1840—
22,618; 1850—22,924; 1860—32,337; 1870
—25,800; 1880—26,625; 1890—27,556;
1900—28,473. The population of Charlottesville
was for the first time taken
separately from that of the county in
1870. Its numbers are as follows:
1870—2,838; 1880—2,676; 1890—5,591;
1900—6,449.

The Act establishing the county of
Albemarle was passed by the Legislature
in September 1744. The name
Albemarle was given from the title of
William Anne Keppel, second Earl of
Albemarle, at that time Governor
General of the colony.

The Old Swan Tavern.

The historic old Swan Tavern was
built before the Revolutionary War
by John Jewett. The only person I
have found who remembers the old
home, is my friend Mr. R. Henry
Carr, now eighty-three years of age,
but who has a wonderful memory,
and can off-hand give the date of birth
of every king and queen of England,

and the date of any historic event in
American history. He says that the
building was of wood, with double
porches across the entire front and
dormer windows, exactly in the style
of the Old Eagle Tavern. The tavern
had a large picture of a swan for a
sign, after the style of English taverns.

It is now imposible to learn the exact
date of its erection, for Tarleton's
Dragoons destroyed all records in the
clerk's office when they made their
raid on Charlottesville in 1781.

From Rev. Edgar Wood's History
of Albemarle, I find that John Jewett
(who was probably the son of Matthew
Jewett) in 1773 purchased from John
Moore one hundred acres of land adjoining
the town of Charlottesville on
the east and north of it, and probably
built the Swan Tavern at that time.
In 1780 he laid out High Street, with
a row of lots on both sides, and by act
of the Legislature they were vested in
"Trustees" to be sold at auction after
giving three weeks notice in the Virginia
Gazette.

John Jewett kept the "Swan" until
his death in 1802, and he is probably
buried in the lot upon which the tavern
stood. This is lot No. 58 on the
town plot, and is the one on which
the Levy Opera House and the Red
Land club now stand. John Jewett,
Jr., second son of John Jewett, Sr.,
succeeded his father as proprietor of
the "Swan," but at what time he
gave it up I have no means of ascertaining.
My friend Mr. Carr, tells me
it was abandoned, and when he saw it,
it was in a ruinious condition. I am
also told that after its abandonment a
boy wandered into the house, and
was horrified to find a dead body in
one of the rooms, which seems to
have been put there by some of the
young physicians of the town for the
purpose of dissection. The property
was finally purchased by either James
or Samuel Leitch, who erected the
house now owned by the Red Land
Club.

John Jewett, Sr., married Mourning
Harris, of Albemarle county, and
a great-great aunt of Captain Micajah
Woods. The youngest son, Charles,
became a member of the old Door to
Virtue Lodge No. 44 in 1798. "Old
Jack" was the man who was at Louisa
Court House when Tarleton and
his dragoons, two hundred strong,
passed that place on their way to
Charlottesville to capture Governor
Jefferson and the Virginia Legislature,
which had fled from Richmond to
Charlottesville.

By taking a near cut, and from Tarleton's
having stopped at Castle Hill
for dinner, Jewett got here shortly before
the British, and gave notice to
the Legislature, which did not "stand
on the order of going," but fled to
Staunton.

At Milton Jewett met a friend on
horseback, and sent him to warn Mr.
Jefferson. An effort was made many
years ago to place a monument over
Jewett's grave, but it failed of its purpose
and now the spot has been lost.
I shall digress at this point to put on
record a fact that has never appeared
in print, and which I got from a great
grandson of Mr. Jefferson. When
Jewett's friend arrived at Monticello
and told Mr. Jefferson Tarleton was
coming, he at once ordered his carriage,
put his family in it, and sent
them off to Blenheim, then gave
orders to his two house servants, John
and Caesar, to conceal his papers and
valuables, and mounted his horse and
went down to the blacksmith shop,
which stood on the south side of the
road just opposite to the gate.

From there he rode up on Snead's
Mountain with his "telescope," and
from this elevated position looked
down on Charlottesville. Seeing no
red coats, he mounted his horse and
started back to the shop, but before he
had gone far he found that he had
dropped his sword (all citizens wore
dress swords in that day).

He went back up the mountain,
found his sword, and was about to
start back, when he took one more look
over the town. He not only found
the streets full of red coats, but a detachment
coming rapidly up the
mountain. He at once rode over Carter's
Mountain, then went down to
Blenheim, took his family, and went
to Amherst. But for dropping his
sword, history would probably have
been different.

SENEX.

Skill to do comes by doing; knowledge
comes by eyes always open and
working hands; and there is no knowledge
that is not power.—Nannie Reed
Wilson.

Johnny Yeargan The Miser.

ABOUT the beginning of the
last century, when Charlottesville
was in its youth,
there came to the village from
Pennsylvania a young man, evidently
of German extraction, named
Johnny Yeargan. Like most young
fellows he was fond of ladies' society,
and was a regular attendant at all the
dances that took place in the town.
On one occasion some one tied a dish
cloth to Johnny's coat tail, which
caused roars of laughter at his expense,
he being unconscious of the cause of
the mirth. When he discoverd the
cloth at the close of the dance, he was
so mortified that he became a recluse
and a miser. The home he occupied was
situated about where the law office of
Mr. Valentine Southall now stands,
just east of the Colonial Hotel. Giving
up his trade, he began to sell whiskey,
which he bought by the wagon load
from the old "Mountain Schooners"
which plied between the Valley of
Virginia and the eastern part of the
State. The writer has seen as many
as fifty of these wagons in one convoy
passing through Charlottesville. Johnny
would put his whiskey away, and
keep it until it improved by age, and
then sell it. This made his goods the
best that could be obtained in the
town, and his trade grew to be quite
an important one. His windows were
strongly secured, and his front door
was so chained that it could be opened
just wide enough for a jug to be passed
in and out. He only came out of his
house once a year, and then to pay his
taxes and license to sell. My father,
who was clerk to Mr. Alexander Garret,
the Clerk of Albemarle County,
used to receive his taxes, and probably
knew Johnny as well as any one else in
the town. I cannot ascertain the exact
year of his death, but he must have
died about the time of my birth (1834),
for I remember well that every "fourpence
ha'penny," or "ninepence" that
we saw that was rusty or blackened
from age, was called a "Johnny Yeargan
piece." One day two of Yeargan's
nearest neighbors noticed that his windows
had not been opened for several
days, and they became alarmed for
the old fellow and broke into his
house and found him dead upon the
floor, where he had probably been
lying for some days. As his heirs were
unknown and his property would
revert to the State, a Mr. Southall, of
Williamsburg, was appointed his executor.
He came to Charlottesville,
and after digging up the yard and cellar,
he found $13,000 buried in the
basement in pots and jars, and over
the fireplace in Johnny's room a lot of
"tally sticks," on which were fourteen
notches. It was supposed that one thousand
dollars was buried somewhere,
which has never yet been found. The
cellar in which the $13,000 was found
was full of empty whiskey barrels,
and Mr. Southall in clearing them out
found one almost dropped to pieces
from age, and in it about ten gallons
of whiskey, which must have been
from twenty-five to thirty years old.

[ILLUSTRATION]

Home of Johnny Yeargan, where he was found dead, presumably
murdered. The men in the picture are A. E. Walker
and T. F. Richardson, representatives of The Progress.

President Madison's Appeal.

JAMES Madison, the fourth
President of the United States
was born in Orange County,
Va. March 5, 1751. His home
"Montpelier" still stands. He spent
much time in Charlottesville and vicinity,
where he was well acquainted
with Jefferson and scores of others. After
finishing his administration he became
a member of the Board of Visitors
and the Rector of the University of Virginia.
Even in those early days ugly
rumors of civil war were afloat and
Madison while here in an eloquent appeal
for the Union said in part:

"I submit to you, my fellow-citizens
these considerations, in full confidence
that the good sense which has so often
marked your decisions will allow them
their due weight and effect; and that
you will never suffer difficulties, however
formidable in appearance, or however
fashionable the error on which
they may be founded, to drive you into
the gloomy and perilous scenes into
which the advocates for disunion
would conduct you. Hearken not to
the unnatural voice which tells you
that the people of America, knit together
as they are by so many cords
of affection, can no longer live together
as members of the same family; can
no longer continue the mutual guardians
of their mutual happiness; can no
longer be fellow citizens of one great,
respectable, and flourishing empire.
Hearken not to the voice which petulantly
tells you that the form of government
recommended for your adoption
is a novelty in the political world; that it
has never yet had a place in the theories
of the wildest projectors; that it rashly
attempt what it is impossible to accomplish.
No, my countrymen, shut your
ears against this unhallowed language.
Shut your hearts against the poison
which it conveys; the kindred blood
which flows in the veins of American
citizens, the mingled blood which they
have shed in defense of their sacred
rights, consecrate their union, and excite
horror at the idea of their becoming
aliens, rivals, enemies. And if
novelties are to be shunned, believe me,
the most alarming of all novelties, the
most wild of all projects, the most rash
of all attempts, is that of rending us
in pieces in order to preserve our liberties
and promote our happiness. But
why is the experiment of an extended
republic to be rejected; merely because
it may comprise what is new? Is it
not the glory of the people of America
that, whilst they have paid a decent
regard to the opinions of former times
and other nations, they have not suffered
a blind veneration for antiquity,
for custom, or for names, to overrule
the suggestions of their own good
sense, the knowledge of their own
situation, and the lessons of their own
experience?" To this manly spirit posterity
will be indebted for the possession,
and the world for the example,
of the numerous innovations displayed
on the American theatre in favor of
private rights and public happiness.

Mosby Shoots Turpin.

IN March, 1853, John S. Mosby,
whose family at the time were
residents of the county, shot
George W. Turpin, the son of
a tavern keeper (at what is now as
the Cabell House) in Charlottesville,
in the course of an altercation; but his
adversary, though severely injured, fortunately
recovered. For the offense
Mosby was prosecuted. At that period
Judge W. J. Robertson was Attorney
for the Commonwealth and Watson
and Rives defended the accused. Mosby
was convicted and sentenced to pay
a fine of $500 and to suffer imprisonment
in the county jail for twelve
months. During the term of his confinement
his counsel loaned him the
necessary books, and he improved his
enforced leisure by devoting himself
to the study of law. Two years later
he was admitted as a member of the
Albemarle Bar. Shortly after he removed
to Abingdon, where he was
practicing his profession when the
Civil War broke out, in which he was
destined to achieve such brilliant renown.

[ILLUSTRATION]

The Old Postoffice, Corner Main and Second Streets, East.

Masonic History.

THE first Masonic Lodge ever
organized in Charlottesville
was Door to Virtue Lodge,
No. 44. The first meeting
was on April 24th, 1791, and the lodge
was in active operation until June 2,
1801. I have given the entire membership,
so that our citizens may see
some of the people who lived in
Charlottesville one hundred and eleven
years ago. They are as follows: David
Anderson, Samuel Burch, Thomas
Buster, Richard Burch, Richard Buster,
John Burke, Joel Bennett, Tandy
Bowcock, Garland Carr, Samuel Carr,
William Clarkson, Julius Clarkson,
George Catlett, Marble Camden, Jesse
Davenport, Thomas Divers, Archilles
Douglas, Thomas Fletcher, John
Gamble, Francis Gray, John M. Gilston,
Alexander Garrett, Daniel Hodges,
Matthew Henderson, David Isaacs,
Lewis Johnson, C. Jouett, John R.
Kerr, Peter Lott, Robert Lewis,
Meriwether Lewis, Peter Marks, Isaac
Miller, James McClanahan, Richard
Price, E. A. Craven, Peyton, F. C.,
Richard Powell, Norman Powers, John
Richardson, David Sutton, Robert
Nelson, E. A., John Swope, E. A.,
Robert Wingfield, Tucker Woodson,
Austin Wingfield, and Joseph Wingfield.
Charlottesville Lodge No. 90
was in active operation from April
18th, 1812, to March 31st, 1821. I also
give the entire membership of that
lodge. It is as follows: Joseph Anderson,
Archilles Broadhead, Charles
Brown, Francis Carr, Peter Carr,
Lawrence Catlett, Garland Carr, James
Carr, Washington Chiles, Ira Garrett,
W. W. Henning, William Huntington,
John R. Jones, Williamson
Kelley, David I. Lewis, Dabney Morris,
Wilson Maduras, Thomas W.
Maury, Samuel McAffee, Bernard
Peyton, J. M. Perry, Riland Rodes,
Ralph Sandridge, Garrett E. Stack,
John C. Wells, and William Watson.
Widow's Son Lodge, No. 60 was organized
in the village of Milton, at the
foot of the eastern slope of Monticello
mountain, on the southern bank of
the Rivanna. The first meeting ever
held was on Oct. 26, Anno Lucis
5799. Those present were: Worshipful
Master Edward Moore; David
Burton, Senior Warden; William
Clarkson, Junior Warden; Julian
Clarkson, secretary, P. T.; David
Burton, Senior Deacon, P. T.; John
Henderson, Junior; Deacon, P. T.;
Mat Henderson, John Burks, Craven
Peyton, Richard Gamble, Bennett
Henderson, and Geo. W. Catlett. It
was ordered that the uniform of the
lodge should be deep green. The
lodge while in Milton met in the
tavern kept by Brother Wm. D. Fitch.
This old building was taken down
only a few years ago. Brother Fitch
came to Charlottesville to live a short
time before the lodge moved from
Milton, and the lodge met in the house
of Brother John Watson, who probably
kept the tavern after Fitch left
it. The last meeting ever held in
Milton was on the 13th of April, 1816.
Those present were Wm. D. Gamble,
A. W. Whitehurst, John H. Craven,
John Fagg, Martin Dawson, John
Burks, Christian Wertenbaker and
John S. Amiss. The next meeting
was held in Charlottesville, in the
house of Branham and Jones. (The
wooden house just north of and adjoining
the old McKee house, on the
Square.) The lodge met in this house
twice only. The charter of Widow's
Son Lodge No. 60 is dated Dec. 10,
Anno Lucis 5799 (A. D. 1799) and was
granted by the Most Worshipful Grand
Lodge of Virginia, and signed by

Benjamin Day, Most Worshipful
Grand Master; Wilburn Austin and
W. H. Fitzwhylson. A meeting of
No. 60 was held in the house of
Thomas Wells, on the 8th day of June,
1816. Another meeting was held on
the 10th of August, 1816, in the house
of William G. Garner. On 12th day
of October, 1816, they met at the home
of Brother Geo. W. Kinsolving,
where they continued to meet until
March 20th, 1820. On the 8th of
April, 1820, it met in the Central
Hotel, and continued to meet there
until the 20th of March, 1821. The
next place of meeting was at the house
of David Fowler, the grandfather of
our "Whack." The house stood
where our City Hall now stands. The
next meeting was in Masons Hall, but
I do not know where that was as the
secretary does not state in what house
it was. I have always understood
that the Lodge met in David Fowler's
house for several years. I have also
heard that they met for a while in the
house at the northwest corner of
Market and Third street, east. Next
they met in the third story room in
the "Saunders House," immediately
in front of the Court House gate, then
in the upper story of the Levy Opera
House, and for a few meetings over
Johnson and Price's Drug Store, while
the present temple was undergoing
reconstruction. The Temple is again
being enlarged and improved, and is a
fitting home for this notable old
lodge.

Monticello Guard.

FOR the following information
regarding the Monticello
Guard we are indebted to
Capt. H. H. Wingfield of the
Bank of Albemarle. The Monticello
Guard, designated as Company "D,"
70th Regiment Virginia Volunteers
was formerly known as Co. A, Nineteenth
Virginia Regiment, Pickett's
Division, in the Confederate service.
This company succeeded the Charlottesville
Blues, which was a reorganization
of the Jefferson Guard, organized
in 1832. On May 5, 1857, P.
A. Woods was elected captain and
since that date the Company has been
known by its present name. Capt.
Woods was succeeded by Capt. Geo.
Morris, and he in turn by W. Barton
Mallory, under whose command the
Company participated in the unveiling
ceremonies of the Washington
monument in Richmond Feb.22, 1858.
In 1859, when John Brown, "the
emancipator," had been condemned
to death for leading the Harper's
Ferry raid, the Monticello Guard was
ordered to Charleston and was there
until after his execution. Capt.
Wertenbaker had charge of that part
of the cordon of sentries around the
town immediately in front of the

gallows. The western sentry under
Wertenbaker's command was stationed
very near the gate through which
Brown passed on his way to the gallows.
Brown, who was sitting on his
coffin, bowed to the officers as he
passed. His hands were tied behind
him. He was an old grey man with
high forehead and strong determined
mouth. His features were intellectual
and not unpleasant to look upon.
His lips appeared to move in prayer.
On April 16, 1861 about 5 o'clock Captain
Mallory received a telegram from
Governor Letcher stating that the
State convention had passed the ordinance
of secession, which would not
be promulgated until the 17th, but
ordering him to proceed with his
Company together with the Albemarle
Rifles, Capt. R. T. W. Duke
commanding, and such other men as
he could collect to Harpers Ferry. In
four hours from the receipt of this
order, these two companies with about
150 students from the University of
Virginia (commanded by Captains
Hutter and Tosh) had started and
were among the first troops to reach
that place. Here these four companies
were organized under Major Geo.
W. Carr an Albemarle citizen who had
served in the regular army. This
battalion was called the Charlottesville
and University Battalion and
Lieutenant Wertenbaker of the Monticello
Guard was detailed for the duty
of adjutant. The men of this battalion
saw service at the battles of Manassas,
Williamsburg, Seven Pines,
Gaines Mills, First Cold Harbor, Malvern
Hill, Frazers Farm, Second Manassas,
Boonsboro, Sharpsburg, Fredericksburg,
Gettysburg, Brook Church
Second Cold Harbor, Hatchers Run,
Sailors Creek. The members of the
Monticello Guard in the Civil War
were Capt. Wm. B. Mallory, First
Lieut, C. C. Wertenbaker, 2nd Lt., I.
N. C. Stookton, 2nd Lieut. D. C. Culin,
1st. Sgt. H. F. Dade, 2nd. Sgt. R. W.
Bailey, 3d. Sgt. W. B. LeTellier, 4th.
Sgt. T. D. Wingfield, 5th. Sgt. A. H.
Hoffman, Q. M. Dr. Rice G. Bailey, 1st.
Corpl. C. H. Wingfield, 2nd. Corpl.
James Perley, 3d. Corpl. Geo. A. Gulley,
4th Corpl. Chas. Lightbaker; Privates
A. Allen, G. W. Bailey J. R. Buck,
John W. O. Bacon, D. W. Bacon, W.

[ILLUSTRATION]

ARMORY OF THE MONTICELLO GUARD.

A. Brown, Jos. D. Brown, Jno. H.
Bowman, Jos. R. Birckhead J.
Batchellor, J. W. H. Collier, H. H.
Collier, Wm. Culin, Geo. W. Culin,
Jno. W. Cloar, W. J. Cloar, Jas. L.
Cloar, W. D. Clark, Jno. J. Christian,
Henry Degan, Jno. B. Dodd, R. L.
Dobbins, Jno. D. Durrett, W. R. Foster,
Wm. B. Franks, H. P. Frease,
J. M. Goolesby, Jos. Gibson, Louis

[ILLUSTRATION]

Monticello Guard, Aid to Civil Authority, Richmond Street Car Strike, June-July, 1903.

C. Goodwin, C. H. Harman, Andw.
Hudson, J. W. Houchens, Thos. M.
Houchens, J. W. Hill, Geo. T. Johnson,
Wm. A. Johnson, L. S. Jones,
Jas. R. Jones, Wm. T. Jones, Wm. F.
Kidd, Chas. Kenny, Sam A. Kelley,
A. G. Liady, H. L. Lorsh, Jno. W. Lee,
Jos. ElMallory, Geo. I. Mallory Jno. W.
McMullen, Geo. A. McMullen R. L.
McMullen, Geo. M. Moran, Jno. McKenna,
Wirt W. Maury, T. J. Mooney
Pat. O'Toole, Polk Points, Wm. E. Perley,
Jno. N. Pearce, Marion L. Pearce,
Wm. C. Payne, Jos. D. Points, Jas.
M. Quicke, Tho. D. Randolph, Jacob
Rumbaugh, Jos. W. Slayton, N. R.
Seargeant, Patrick Shannon, Gid S.
Snead, Louis C. Troeter, W. H.
Vaughan, C. W. Vandegrift, R. C.
Vandegrift, T. G. Wertenbaker, R. F.
Wingfield, T. F. Wingfield, M. W.
Wingfield, A. C. Wingfield, R. L.
Wingfield, Geo. W. Wilkins, W. W.
Webb, W. C. Webb, W. N. Wood, T.
J. Williams. Added May, 1863: A. J.
Brooks, T. F. Wingfield, Thos. Haw,
Dan. Leaky, C. H. Harrison, G. N.
Harlow, W. A. Herron, Wm. Dudley,
Jas. Dudley, Jno. M. Dennis. Added
Oct. 1863: J. M. Harlow, J. A. Herron,
Jas. H. Jones, C. W. Roads. Added
Apr. 1864: Wm. Click,—Baldwin
— Wirt. Added at Reorganization:
A. J. Brown, Jas. F. Birckhead, N. F.
Birckhead, N. F. Copeland, Lorenso
Lane, J. E. Humphreys, T. E. Lane,
J. W. Thomas, J. A. Bowen.

Soon after the return of the survivors
the Guard met at the Farish House and
organized as a society for the purpose
of keeping the company intact.
After the State was re-admitted to the
Union, new members were voted into
the company. Thus the Monticello
Guard is the oldest continuous military
organization in the State. After the
passage of the military bill the society
was reorganized as the Monticello
Guard, with the old war Captain,
Culin in command but who, shortly
afterwards was succeeded by
Capt. Wertenbaker who held the position
until he was promoted to the Colonelcy
of the Third Regiment. He
was succeeded by Capt. Micajah
Woods who commanded the company
at the Yorktown centennial. He, in
turn, was succeeded by Capts. Poindexter,
Drane, James Lindsay Gordon
(who was never commissioned) Thomas
Spottswood Keller, and Herbert Hay
Wingfield. On Apr. 21st, 1898, in response
to the call of the United States
government for troops for the war with
Spain, this company volunteered for the
service and was ordered to Richmond
arriving there on May 12 1898. On May
17 the Co. was mustered into the service
of the U. S. retaining its designation of
`Co. D' 3d Regiment Va. Vol. Infy.,
and was assigned to the left of the
regiment. The regiment was removed
from Richmond to Camp Alger
and remained there until ordered back
to Richmond to be mustered out which
took effect Nov. 8, 1898. Upon the
muster-out, all military organizations
in the State were disbanded by order
of Governor Tyler; but as soon as permission
was given this Co. was reorganized
in the State service and
Thomas Pendleton Peyton was elected
Captain, John S. White, First Lieutenant;
and Jno. A. Maddox, Second
Lieutenant. Mr. Maddox is now First
Lieutenant and T. C. Conlon, Second
Lieutenant. Captain Peyton is a most
efficient officer and is recognized by
all as one of our leading and most
progressive citizens. In recent years
the company has been called out to
strikes in Bluefields, Richmond and
Roanoke and to a lynching in Lynchburg.

To govern men you must either excel
them in their accomplishments or despise
them.

[ILLUSTRATION]

Col. Charles C. Wertenbaker,

Formerly Adjutant 19th Virginia Infantry,
C. S. A., to whom we give
credit for the interesting narratives
"Johnny Yeargan," "Historic Taverns,"
Virginia Fiddlers," "Masonic
History," and "Old Charlottesville,"
published under the nom de plume
of "Senex."

The New Federal Building.

CHARLOTTESVILLE'S
splendid government building,
of which we show an excellent
reproduction, (on page
8) was opened ready for occupancy
April 1, 1906.

It is situated on the corner of Market
and North Second streets, east, the
site of the old Jewish Synagogue, and
just opposite the old Presbyterian
church, now used as a Young Men's
Christian Association. Its dimensions
are 92×56 feet. It is a handsome
brick structure, trimmed with marble,
and is of Colonial design and harmonizes
well with the new buildings at
the University of Virginia. The portico
is supported by six handsome
columns, topped by Ionic capitals.
The approaches are all of granite.
There are two entrances, the main one
being on Market street and the other
on Second street. The driveway is on
the east side of the building, leading
to the mailing door. The gate to this
driveway is of solid stone, the posts
being ornamented with marble spheres.
Another driveway, at the northwest
corner, leads to the coal door. The
main floor of the building contains the
Postoffice. There are 489 letter boxes,
two carrier delivery windows, two
stamp windows and three money
order and registry windows. The
postoffice lobby is a thing of beauty.
It is of handsome oak, finished with
marble wainscoting and terraza floors.
The oak finish is particularly fine, the
result of excellent workmanship. The
marble used for the wainscoting came
from Georgia, and is known as Creole
marble. The work room, money order
and mailing vestibule are finished in
pine. The second story contains the
Courthouse, judge's room, grand jury
room, clerk's room, witness room, and
public and private baths. The court
room is especially beautiful. It is
very elaborately finished in oak and is
splendidly furnished. The room is
decorated with very fancy plaster
cornish and panels. Admittance is
through double sliding doors. The
basement includes, in addition to
boiler and fuel rooms and private
baths, a large "swing" room—a sort of
gymnasium containing lockers and in
which the letter carriers may exercise,
eat their lunches and make use of for
general purposes. In the postoffice
department are what are known as
"lookouts," similar to those found in
every government building. From
these peep holes the employes of the
department can be watched while at
their work. One of these "lookouts"
is in the postmaster's room and another
in the general inspector's office.
Others are stationed overlooking the
postoffice work room and money order
departments. The building is heated
throughout by steam, and is lighted
by both electricity and gas. It is regarded
as practically fire proof. The
contractors were Miles, Bradt & Co., of
Atlanta, Ga., a well known southern
firm that has erected public buildings
for "Uncle Sam" in many southern
cities. The contract price of the building
is $71,000. Work on the structure
was begun on August 10th, 1904.

The City Government.

FEW fully appreciate how much
the general welfare of a city
depends on its government. Of
course the average man has
some idea as to matters generally
because he is directly affected,
but he knows very little as a rule, regarding
detail matters. As a whole
it can be truthfully said that the municipal
affairs of our town have been
most wisely and efficiently regulated.
The transition and evolution of Charlottesville's
internal improvements
have been marked by a conservative
management. Some of our citizens
have complained in the past of
unwarranted slowness on the part of
the town authorities to push with
more vigor measures of improvement
for the public welfare, but a careful
study of the subject shows that our
municipal leaders have always aimed
at procuring tangible and permanent
results in progress, and have avoided
the rash errors of costly experimental
trials, which to-day compare most
favorably with any town of its size in
the perfect adjustment of its municipal
needs and the consequent advantages
accruing to the public. The following
are the officers of the city:
Mayor, George W. Olivier; Treasurer,
Charles H. Walker; Clerk, W. G. Steele;
Auditor, E. I. Corruthers; Collector, B.
P. Kemper; Deputy Collector, John L.
Jarman; Commissioner of Revenue,
David W. Fowler; Attorney, George
Perkins; Commonwealth's Attorney, A.
D. Dabney; Clerk of the Corporation,
Richard W. Duke; Health Officers, Dr.
Robert W. Nelson and Dr. J. A. B.
Sinclair; Constable, Branch E. Jefferies;
Sergeant, Clifton W. Rogers;
Superintendent of Gas Works, Thomas
J. Williams; Superintendent of Water
Works, Charles D. Carter; Superintendent
of Streets and Sanitation, W.
Addison Lankford; Chief of Police,
Thomas A. Trice; Chief of Fire Department,
Thomas J. Williams; Justice
of the Peace, W. Sam Burnley;
Engineer, Maj. C. M. Bolton; Superintendent
of the Poor, William C. Payne,

Our Schools.

THE location here of the great
University of Virginia has
created an air of the higher
education that permeates the
atmosphere of Charlottesville and her
environs. The sentiment of culture
has been the pride of the people for
many years, and when this city was
referred to as "a staid old town" it was
considered a compliment, and the intended
sarcasm was lost. It was under
this higher order of things that the
present excellent public school system
was inaugurated and fostered. To-day
Charlottesville justly boasts of having
one of the most perfect systems of
public instruction in the country. It
would require a great deal of space to
take up the history of the school and
detail the events from the beginning
to the present day. Almost with the
coming of the early settler came education
to the section. Soon after the log
cabin came the log school house with
its stone chimney and high fire places.
The seats and the desks were of
roughly hewn logs with the old "pegleg"
supporters. The schoolmaster
was the typical poor-fed, long, skinny
character who was paid almost
wholly in keep, being cared for at
different houses throughout the district.
A tramp of from one to five
miles to the school house was not considered
a hardship in those days. The
studies were limited to spelling, reading,
writing and arithmetic. Goosequill
pens were used, and pupils made
their own ink from bark and berries.
Such was the crude system of the
early days of learning in this section
of advanced education to-day.

This city was one of the first to recognize
the fact that popular education
was to become a permanent factor
in the educational system in the
Commonwealth. Acting upon that
conviction, the city schools were established
and fostered and developed on
lines that soon brought them in favor
with the citizens of the city, and
secured for them a patronage and support
that manifested that the work
they were doing was appeciated by
every class in the community.

The several School Boards charged
with the management and development
of the schools have been composed
of men whose hearts were in the
great work of giving to the people they
served schools that should measure
up to their needs and expectations.

A thorough course of studies was
adopted, wise rules prescribed for their
government and competent and faithful
teachers were chosen.

They were not left as they were begun,
but trusteesand superintendents,
by careful and discriminating study
of the best schools in the large cities,
extended and broadened the course of
studies in the Charlottesville schools
by adopting the latest and most approved
methods.

How well they have accomplished
this task is attested by the high stand
taken by the pubils and graduates of

the Charlottesville Public Schools in
the universities and colleges attended
by them after leaving the city schools.

Attention should also be drawn, as
further evidence of their thorough
work, to the fact that many of the
faithful and efficient teachers in the
city public schools to-day are graduates
of the Charlottesville High School,
while a goodly number of others are
now teaching in the county schools of
Albemarle and in other counties in
the State.

The council has always shown a
lively interest in the welfare of the
schools, and has not withheld that
support which has enabled the trusttees,
superintendents and teachers to
keep them abreast of the times in educational
efficiency and progress.

A feature of these thoroughly graded
schools is that with a course of carefully
selected studies, appropriate to
the age and needs of the various
schools, the grades are not overcrowded,
and the teachers are concerned wholly
with pupils and studies belonging to
a single grade.

While thorough instruction is given
from text books, the work of the
teachers does not stop with the mere
training of the mind, but the moral

training of the pupils receives daily
attention, and the important question
in all education, that of character-building,
is never lost sight of, that
those who attend these schools may
not only obtain useful knowledge, but
be trained in heart as well as in mind
for useful and honorable citizenship.

The High School course is one in
which any school may feel a commendable
pride and the the instruction
here is so faithfully imparted by university
graduates, that a pupil who
has completed the precribed course of
studies and earned a diploma as graduate
of the Charlottesville Public
Schools is fitted for life's work, and
furnished with an education of which
none should feel ashamed.

[ILLUSTRATION]

W. T. MARTIN,
President Chamber of Commerce.

With such educational facilties as
offers in her public schools, it is not
surprising that many who are attracted
to the city by its enterprise and opportunities
in business and professional
lines, are still further influenced by the
inducements of the best educational
advantages to cast their lot with the
people of this progressive city.

The schools are (white) Midway
School (embracing primary, grammar
and high school) Ridge corner of Main
Street.

Trustees: J. H. Lindsay, Jas. B.
Wood, Phil Leterman, A. Russow,
H. M. Gleason Jas. F. Harlan, W. D.
Macon, F. B. Peyton, Charlottesville,
Va. John S. Patton, Clerk, West Main
Street. Finance Committee: Messrs.
Wood, Chairman; Leterman, Gleason.
Building Committee: Messrs. Harlan,
Chairman; Dinwiddie, Gleason. Book
Committee: Messrs. ——Chairman;
Fishburne, Peyton.

Teachers, (white): Jas. W. Lane,
Principal; Mr. E. E. Dinwiddie, H. S.,
Miss Emma Moser, H. S., Miss Carrie
C. Burnley, G. S., Miss Sarepta A.
Moran, H. S., Miss Kate R. Lipop, G.
S., Miss Annie Godwin, P. S., Miss Mary
Wingfield, G. S., Miss Hickson, P. S.,
Miss Mildred Thacker, P. S., Miss Carrie
Vaughan, P. S., Miss Annie S. Caldwell,
H. S., Miss Nettie Godwin, H. S.,
Miss Hallie Wingfield, G. S., Miss
Mary Dinwiddie, G. S., Miss Minnie
Jarman, P. S., Miss May Dabney, G. S.

Colored: Miss Jane Johnson, Mrs S.
Hem, Mrs. M. L. Terry, Miss R. B.
Ferguson, Miss Mary A. Buchanan
Miss Seppie West.

Chamber of Commerce.

PROBABLY the most important
factor in the recent marked
growth of this locality is
the live and energetic Chamber
of Commerce. The objects gained
by the organization during the years
of its existence, have been of great
value to the welfare of the community.
While the Chamber offers
reasonable inducements to desirable
concerns to locate here, it repels
schemes needing propping on all sides.
The business men, manufacturers and
professional men comprising the members
of this organization know the
value of self help and invite competition.
To the man of firm mettle,
mind and principle, possessing push
and industry, this locality offers unusual
inducements and to set them
forth is the aim of the Chamber. The
objects of this organization are the
advancement of the individual and
general interest of the community and
the encouragement of commercial enterprises.
While the Chamber of Commerce
has not accomplished all that
some in their enthusiasm hoped, it
has done all and more than the more
conservative among its members expected.
The organization has brought
in close touch the varied interest of
the city. The following officers have
been chosen for the ensuing year: W.
T. Martin, president; Judge George
W. Morris, first vice-president; C. W.
Hulfish, second vice-president; Walker
Anderson, secretary; Adolph Russow,
treasurer. The directors are: A. P.
Bibb, A. V. Conway, J. A. Gilmore,
J. E. Irvine, W. J. Keller, P. Leterman,
J. M. Robertson, A. N. Adams,
J. E. Wood and R. A. Watson.

An Efficient Police Force.

IN general the histories of new
communities are much alike
the world over. There are the
early struggles against natural
foes, the troubles of early government,
the petty squabbles between small
factions, and the intense loyalty to the
new home.

There is always the stage through
which every settlement has to pass
when there is no need for what is now
termed "police regulations." A few
families living together in a every
small settlement have no need of officers
to conserve the peace. There is
no disturbance of the peace among
themselves, and they unite in warding
off the invaders that would bring discord
among them. Circumstances always
determine the length of time
during which this condition exists.

Then comes the times when the
first trouble arises. That is usually
settled without difficulty by those who
are not involved in the disagreement.
But before long, after new settlers have
been admitted to the community, and
diversified interests have arisen, there
comes the time when some form of goverment
has to be established. An
officer has to be appointed or elected to
preserve the peace. It is a momentous
time in any community but comes
about naturally under any goverment
and any form of goverment.

The police department of Charlottesville
has many merits, and is worthy
of a more extended consideration than
we have space to give it here. No
pains have been spared to elevate it to
the highest standard of thoroughness
and efficiency, and that these efforts
have met with entire success is easily
verified. As to the early history of the
force we have not the facts and figures
on our desk and have not the time
to hunt them up at the present moment.
The police of our city to-day is
a fine, worthy and handsome body of
men, every one of whom is both a
credit to himself and the department.

The force at the present day is composed
of T. A. Trice, the worthy chief,
who has been connected with the
department for twelve years, and three
years ago was appointed to his present
position. He is a native of Louisa
County and came to Albemarle in 1867
and took up farming. At the latter
part of the Civil War be served in the
Confederate Army as a member of the
First Virginia Light Artillery. He
stands six feet three in. and weighs 250
lbs. The other members are E. N. Eubank,
O. M. Wood, D. C. Grady, Z. L.
Dameron, J. C. Marsh, W. J. Davis, E.
E. Stratton and S. E. Lushbaugh. All
in all they are a handsome body of
men of which Charlottesville is justly
proud.

The Fire Department.

OUR people are justly proud
of Charlottesville's fire fighters
and well they should be for
there are but few towns the
size of this who have a better or more
up-to-date fire department. It has
long held a record for alertness, activity
and readiness.

Its worthy achievements have been
many and for the "boys" too much

praise cannot be given. Its members
have ever been found ready and wiling
at any hour of the day or night,
rain or shine, frost or snow to risk
their lives and health when duty called

[ILLUSTRATION]

NEW HOME OF THE ELKS.

them. The Charlottesville fire department
is a volunteer one, only two
men in it are paid, namely W. L.
Payne the house foreman, whe drives
the steamer and acts as its engineer and
Wilber Thomas, driver of the hook
and ladder truck. The officers of the
department are T. J. Williams, chief,
J. E. Kelly 1st Warden, H. E. Hall,
2nd Warden, J. C, Clarity 3rd Warden,
D. W. Fowler, Commander; E. A.
Balz, Secretary; James Bryant, Treasurer;
Dr. C. W. Poindexter, Fire
Marshall. The department was reorganized
July 28, 1885. All the
officers are elected in August of each
year and hold office for one year, or
until then successors are elected. In
August 1905 the fine new engine
(No. 1) was added, and was a great
improvement, for prior to that the only
water power to be had was from the
hydrants. The organization are members
of the Virginia State Firemans
Association. The active members are:
E. A. Balz, J. M. Cochran, G. W.
Chrisman, Archie Dabney, P. M.
Fitch, E. V. Higginbotham, A. Haden,
W. A. Irving, Rives Jones, J. L.
Morrow, A. L. Marshall, John McLeod,
C. C. Payne, P. F. Payne, F.
Payne, A. D. Payne, J. V. Perley, J.
F. Philips, Eldridge Turner, W. H.
Watson, J. C. Matthews, Chas. King,
H. Eddins. Within a few months
the department will be in their handsome
new headquarters on Vinegar
Hill. It will be one of the best
equipped and most up-to-date of its
kind in the Old Dominion.

Ye Order of Elks.

[ILLUSTRATION]

Charlottesville Lodge
No. 389 B. P. O. Elks
was organized here October
1897 and is one of
the most prosperous of
this popular fraternal
organization. From the
day of its inauguration up to the
present time its career has been one of
unbounded success. The splendid new
home that it has just erected at a cost
of $20,000 speaks more for the healthfulness
of the order than any words
that we might pen in its praise. The
building is of old English colonial
architecture with four huge columns
in front. Its interior is beautifully
decorated and is divided into lodge-room,
parlors, library, card-room,
bowling alley, banquet hall, pool and
billiard parlors, hot and cold baths,
buffet etc. The Exalted Rulers have
been James B. Wood, Moses Leterman,
J. W. Fishburn, W. H. Wood,
H. M. Lewis, G. B. Goodyear, Stuart
Hanckel, T. C. Conlon, B. W. Leterman
and Joel M. Cochran who with
the following constitute the present
officers of the lodge. Esteemed Leading
Knight—G. Burnley Sinclair. Esteemed
Loyal Knight—Harmon Dinwiddie.
Esteemed Lecturing Knight
—Ed. A. Joachim. Treasurer—George
E. Walker. Secretary—Charles E.
Jones. Trustees—Phil Leterman, Fred
W. Twyman and Sol. Kaufman.
Board of Governors of New Home—T.
C. Conlon, Sol. Kaufman, B. W. Leterman,
J. E. Early and J. P. Michie.
The membership today is 175, among
whom are many of our most influential
citizens and noted bloods of the blood
royal.

'Tis not what man does which exalts
him, but what man would do.—Robert
Browning.

[ILLUSTRATION]

NEW CHESAPEAKE AND OHIO RAILWAY STATION—LENGTH 500 FEET.

A Drummer Boy's Gratitude.

IN 1864, as a retaliation and to
prevent the further execution
of his men by Custer, and ravaging
and burning in the
Valley of Virginia, contrary to the laws
of war, Colonel John S. Mosby determined
to hang a certain number of
Northen prisoners, to be chosen by lot
from a body captured by his command,
"The hanging of these men was so
distressing," said Colonel Mosby in a
recent interview here with Mr. W.
Sam Burnley, "that I had them taken
about a mile from my headquarters before
the lots were drawn. Among
those to whom the lot fell to be hung
was a drummer boy, a lad of tender
years, upon being apprised of which, I
immediately ordered that he be not
executed, and shortly afterwards succeeded
in having him exchanged and
sent home. I shall never forget the
gratitude of that boy." "I have here,"
the Colonel added, holding up a handsome
cane, "a memento of that occurrence
which I prize very highly, and
which was presented to me but a short
time ago by the man who was at that
time the drummer boy I spared." A
handsomely engraved silver plate
fastened to the body of the cane,
to the front and below the handle,
bears the following inscription; "To
Col. John S. Mosby, with profoundest
regard of James A. Daly, (the Drummer
Boy) near Newtown, Va., Nov.
4th, 1864.

Th Daily Progress.

THERE are at the present time
two daily newspapers in
Charlottesville to note from
day to day the "passing tidings
of the times." There have been
others from time to time but, alas, all
of them have suffocated in "printer's
ink," and have been sepulchered with
untimely births that wailed feebly for
public sustentation, and passed into
oblivion without substance enough to
even shadow one a ghost. The Daily Progress
commenced publication Sept 15,
1892, and from that time on its career
has been on and upward, until to-day
it is recogonized by readers and advertisers
alike as one of the very best
newspapers published in Virginia.
From the time of its inception a
well-defined purpose has marked the
course of success unparalled among
the journals of the State. With the
history of The Progress the entire
reading public is familiar. All of its
achievements are milestones in the
march of progress which can not be
forgotten and need not be recalled. It
has told the truth at all times of all
happenings, adhering strictly, even in
the heat of partisan strife and despite
its own opinions, to the belief that, in
the presentation of the news, the sole
duty of a public journal is to record
events timely and truthfully. The
Progress is published every evening
except Sunday with J. H. Lindsay
holding down the editor's and publisher's
chair. Nearly every resident
of Charlottesville and Albemarle county
reads the Progress, and its circulation
is extending and spreading in
every direction. The Progress is
known wherever Charlottesville is
known. It has been carried to the
uttermost limits of the Republic; it
has been borne by our conquering regiments
into the jungles of the Philippines;
it was at the memorable battle
of San Juan, and found its way over
the walls of the sacred cites of the
Celestial Kingdom. As our citizens
gather up their household goods
to push their fortunes in other
regions, they fail not to have follow
them the paper which is so closely
identified with their old home, and
so thorough a reflex of its life May
the future success of. The Progress be
as bright and prosperous as has been
the past, and may it meet with that
hearty support from our citizens which
such a paper is justly entitled to receive.
Its splendid printing house located
on Fifth street was erected in 1896.
In 1905 a new two-story extension was
added and now the premises have a
floor space of 32,000 square feet. The
plant is equipped with all the very
latest and most improved machinery
and is one of the very best newspaper
publishing establishments in central
Virginia. When the paper began
business it bought in the old Weekly
Chronicle (which it still publishes),
and Jeffersonian Republican, established
1835. Mr. B. Lee Hawkins is
the City Editor, Col. L. S. Marye
Chief of the Editorial Staff and Mrs.
Wilson Howe looks after the social end.
It has a large staff of reporters.

THE EDUCATION ASSOCIATION.

THE Charlottesville Education
Assocation was organized Mar.
9, 1906, at the Midway School
building, the following officers
being elected for the ensuing year:
Hon. J. W. Fishburne, president. Mrs.
C. H. Walker, first vice-president,
Mrs. A. H. Tuttle, second vice-president,
Dr. E. Reinhold Rogers, third
vice-president, Mr. Bruce R. Payne,
secretary, Captain Thomas P. Peyton,
treasurer. The educational league
has a wide scope of operation. First
and foremost is the improvement of
conditions surrounding public schools
and the beautification of the city. The
league will acquire a library and will exert
its influence along with that of the
Civic Improvement League, and while
not usurping the office of any official
or officials, it will use its endeavors to
make, as the president in his remarks
stated, "An education center of Charlottesville,
and improve the general
appearance of the city." This Association
is one of the subsidiary educational
associations recommended by the
"Cooperative Educational Association
of Virginia." an organization that covers
the entire State.

Sheriffs of Albemarle, from 1745.

1745, Joseph Thompson; 1747, Edwin
Hinkman; 1749, Chas. Lynch; 1751,
James Daniel; 1753, Samuel Jordan;
1755, John Reid; —Nicholas Lewis;
—David Rodes; —John Henderson;
1781, James Quarles; 1783, Clifton
Rodes; 1785, John Marks; 1787, Geo.
Gilmer; 1789, Michael Thomas; 1791,
James Garland; 1793, James Kerr; 1795,
John Key; 1797, Wm. Hughes; 1799,
Samuel Marrell; 1801, Wm. D. Meriwether;
1803, Wm. Michie; 1805, Bezaled
Brown; 1807, Thomas Garth; 1809,
Tandy Key; 1811, Rice Garland; 1813,
Chas. B. Hunton; 1815, Benjamin
Harris; 1817, Robert Davis 1819, Chas.
Wingfield Jr; 1819, Marshall Durrett;
1821, Chas. Yancy; 1823, Archilles
Douglass; 1825, John Watson; 1828,
Wm. D. Meriwether; 1830, Garrett
White; 1832, John Rodes; 1834, Parmenas
Rogers; 1836, Micajah Woods;
1837, William Woods; 1839, Francis
Carr; 1841, Chas. Brown; 1843, James
Michie; 1845, Benj. Ficklin; 1847, Richard
Duke; 1849, Thomas H. Brown;
1851, Chas. Cocke. From that time up
to the present roughly the Sheriffs, or
those who acted for them, have been
William Goodman, Drury W. Burnley,
L. S. Macon, J. C. Childress, James S.
Barksdale, Jos. Ballard, B. T. Madison,
Luther Dunn, J. H. Barksdall,
W. Rice Burnley, Capt. S. M. Teel and
Lucian C. Watts, for the past twenty
years.

The divine right of kings may have
been a plea for feeble tyrants, but the
divine right of government is the keystone
of human progress.

Man becomes greater in proportion
as he learns to know himself and his
faculty. Let him once bcome conscious
of what he is and he will soon
also learn to be what he should be.—
Schelling.

[ILLUSTRATION]

THE PEOPLE WHO MAKE THE DAILY PROGRESS.

Those from left to right are B. Lee Hawkins, city editor; Mrs. Wilson Howe,
social editor; A. V. Conway, manager Conway Printing Company; Randolph H.
Page, assistant foreman; Col. Joseph A. Peck, correspondent; John Wood, solicitor;
J. H. Lindsay, editor and publisher; Miss Carrie L. McAllister, compositor;
Miss Eula M. Coates, stenographer; Albert E. Walker, editor and compiler of the
historical magazine; Frank A. Lindsay, foreman; Lewis Stokes, pressman; Clay
Johnston, Walter Davis, William Sandridge, practical printers; Capt. John S.
Robinson, associate editor; Eric Flanagan, folder. The little chaps in front are
some of the newsboys. The handsome young ladies in the upper windows
are our expert type-setters.

To Friends and Foes.

TO the public in general this
edition of The Daily Progress
is presented with our cordial
good wishes and appreciation
for their kind co-operation. It is issued
after many weeks of tireless energy,
great expense and difficulties, and
will, we think, compare favorably
with any similar work ever undertaken
here. No one but those actively
engaged in its construction can appreciate
the extent of the work required
to bring it to its present state. We
have taken every care possible to
make the edition as perfect and complete
as our space would allow. Only
a very few of our citizens failed to
enter into the spirit of our enterprise,
which takes in everything from the
largest manufacturing concerns to the
smallest business, and shows at a
glance, the wonderful progress and
activity going on in and about this
modern Garden of Eden. We trust
that the far-reaching publicity given
to the write-ups of these wide-a-wake
concerns will redound to their credit
and incidentally to that of our beautiful
city and county. We believe that
thousands of copies of this issue of The
Progress will be preserved as souvenirs
to show those who follow what Charlottesville
was and looked like in the
year of grace 1906. The selections we
have made will show at least how
rich an heritage we have bequeathed.

CHARLOTTESVILLE from
the standpoint of religion is
represented by almost every
shade of Christian belief. A
broad spirit of toleration exists, and
our citizens dwell harmoniously in
brotherly love and good will. The
noble edifices reared by different denominations
are beautiful specimens
of architecture, adding greatly to the
picturesque features of the town. We
herewith present a detailed list of the
churches belonging to the various denominations:
The churches are, Baptist,—the
First, Fife's Memorial Chapel,
Rose Hill Chapel, High Street; the
Christian, Christ Episcopal, Belmont
Methodist Episcopal, Charlottesville
Methodist, the Presbyterian, the Catholic
Church of the Holy Paraclete, the
Jewish Beth Israel, and the undenomination
Union Mission. The churches
for the colored people are five - Ebenezer,
First Baptist, Mt. Zion, Shiloh,
Zion Union, and the John Wesley
Methodist.

Let us have faith that right makes
might, and in the faith let us dare to
do our duty as we understand it.—
Lincoln.

THE UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA.

THE University of Virginia
holds a place of its own in
educational history; it was
our first real university; its
achievements in the field of scholarship
and its service to public life have
been manifold, and have not yet had
adequate recognition. It was the
creation of one of the most fertile and
original statesmen we have yet produced;
three Presidents or ex-Presidents
sat on its first Board of Visitors; it is
associated with one of the foremost
American men of letters, and with a
long line of cultivated, scholarly, and
distinguished men in public and professional
life; it is the most democratic
of American colleges in its organization;
it is genuinely and typically
representative of a generous and high-spirited
people, who have never parted
with their idealism, and among whom
the traditions of courage, courtesy,
and hospitality are still sacred. The
foundation for the University was laid
in 1803, when the Legislature of the
State by an act incorporated certain
leading citizens of Albemarle county
under the style of "Trustees of Albemarle
Academy," and were empowered
to take the necessary steps for the
purpose of raising funds required for
erecting buildings and putting the
Academy into operation. Little or no
headway was made however, and it
was not until March, 1814, when Thomas
Jefferson, the real head and founder,
was elected to the Board of Trustees
that a process of development was
begun which eventually led to the
erection of the University. In August
of that year the committee to select a
site reported that it would be desirable
to locate the Academy near Charlottesville,
but no further action was taken
until 1816, when the Legislature authorized
the establishment of "Central
Academy" in Albemarle county "on
the site selected by the Trustees." "In
May, 1817," writes Professor Wm. Harrison
Faulkner, "Jefferson was elected
Rector of the Board, and on October
6th of the same year, in the presence of
Thomas Jefferson, Rector, and of
James Madison and James Monroe—
the latter then President of the United
States—the corner-stone of Central
College was laid. The site of the new
college was a farm of some two hundred
acres, one mile west of Charlottesville,
purchased shortly after Jefferson's
election as Rector, and now
forming a part of the grounds of the
University of Virginia. The building
at whose foundation were present a
President and two ex-Presidents of the
United States, is now one of the
pavilions on the west lawn of the
University, and has been for many
years the residence of Dr. Noah K.
Davis, Professor of Moral Philosophy.
It was erected from plans drawn by
Jefferson himself, and formed a part
of the large architectural scheme
afterwards carried out in detail, when

Central College was merged into the
University of Virginia. As Rector of
Central College, Jefferson's prime
object was to get that institution well
under way and have it adopted as the
State University. From the beginning
there had been in the Legislature a
strong opposition to his plan of forming
a State University; this opposition,
however, was finally overcome through
the determined efforts of Joseph Carrington
Cabell, Jefferson's close personal
friend and fellow-member of the
Board of Visitors, and in February,
1818, the Legislature authorized the
appointment by the Governor of a
"Board of Commissioners for the University,"
to consist of twenty-four
members. This board met at the
Rockfish Gap Tavern in the Blue
Ridge Mountains, August the 1st,
1818. Jefferson, Madison and Monroe
were present at the meeting, and
Jefferson presented a report, probably
written before the meeting, recommending
among other things, Central
College as the most advantageous site
for the State University. This report,
adopted by the Commissioners, and at
once forwarded to the Speaker of the
Senate and the Speaker of the House,
formed the basis of an act to establish
a State University, introduced into the
Legislature the following January.
The opposition to this measure was as
determined as that of 1818, but Cabell's
efforts and influence again prevailed,
and on January 15, 1819, the Legislature
passed a formal act, "for establishing

[ILLUSTRATION]

SOUTH FRONT OF THE ROTUNDA.

a University." This day
marks the beginning of the University
of Virginia, though the institution
was not open to students until March
7, 1825. The supreme government of
the University was vested in a board
of six visitors (afterwards increased to
eight), appointed by the Governor.
This board consisted of four members
of the old board of Central College—
Thomas Jefferson, James Madison,
Joseph Carrington Cabell and John H.
Cocke—and three additional appointees,
James Breckenridge, Chapman
Johnson and Robert Taylor. At the
first meeting of the board, March 29,
1819, Mr. Jefferson was elected Rector,
and from that time until his death, in
1826, he directed and dominated the
University, "not only evolving the entire
system of education introduced,
but actually devising, to the minutest
details, every feature of construction
and organization." As originally organized
the University of Virginia consisted
of eight independent schools—
Ancient Languages, Modern Languages,
Mathematics, Natural Philosophy,
Chemistry, Medicine and Law.
One of the excellent qualities of this
system was its elasticity; a new realm
of knowledge opened by the advance
of thought, could be admitted to
academic statehood with as much ease
as a new State is admitted to the
Union; each domain, as it extended
its boundaries, could be subdivided
and new schools arise; and yet the
original conception of an academical

[ILLUSTRATION]

Edwin Anderson Alderman, LL. D., First President of the University.

union remained unchanged. Hence
the internal history of the University
of Virginia is one of constant addition
and expansion, until, at present, the
Schools number twenty-six, grouped
under six different departments. This
grouping of the various schools into
departments began in 1837, when the
school of Medicine was elevated to the
Department of Medicine; in 1850, the
School of Law was enlarged into a
department, while in subsequent years,
as the industrial development of the
South made such a step necessary,
were added the Departments of Engineering
and the Department of
Agriculture. The academic work of
the University is grouped under two
departments—The College and the
Department of Graduate Studies. The
latest, and in many respects, the most
important addition to the number of
academic schools, since the foundation
of the University, is the Curry Memorial
School of Education, made possible
soon after President Alderman's
installation, by the generous gift of
Mr. John D. Rockefeller. The history
of the University of Virginia is one of
steady growth and development. That
this growth is destined, under President
Alderman, to continue and to be
even more remarkable than it has been
for the past two years, is the conviction
of all those who study educational
conditions in the South. Already the
number of students is larger than in
any previous year of the University's
existence, and the faculty has been increased
and greatly strengthened.
More promising and more important
still than this growth in the University
itself, is the inspiration which the
whole public educational system of
Virginia is drawing from it. Truly
the perfect fruition of Thomas Jefferson's
educational system, from the
primary school to the State University,
seems close at hand. Dr. Edwin
Anderson Alderman, the first President
of the University, was graduated at the
University of North Carolina in 1882,
Ph. B.: Superintendent of Schools,
Goldsboro, N. C., and Assistant Superintendent
of Education, North Carolina,
1889-92; Professor of History, State
Normal and Industrial College, 1892-93;
Professor of Education, University of
North Carolina, 1893-96; President
University of North Carolina, 1896-1900;
President Tulane University of Louisiana,
1900-1904; President University of
Virginia, 1904—L. L. D., University of
the South, Sewanee, 1896; L. L. D.,
Tulane University, 1899; L. L. D.,
John's Hopkins University, 1902; L.
L. D., Columbia University 1905; L.
L. D., Yale University 1905; Member
of Southern Education Board, Vice-President
National Education Association,
1903; Phi Beta Kappa, 1905;
Member of Maryland and Louisiana
Historical Society; Phi Kappa Sigma
Fraternity; Author of a brief "History
of North Carolina" and "Life of William
Hooper," "Life of J. L. N. Curry;"
"Obligations and Opportunities
of Citizenship," "Southern Idealism,"
etc. Dr. Alderman was born in Wilmington,
North Carolina, in the
Spring of 1861. He was born a Democrat
in a city where a man's politics
and his religion are as unchangeable
as the laws of the Medes and Persians.
He is an excellent gentleman and has
been proposed by the Hartford Courant
and Harper's Weekly as a suitable
man for the Democrats to nominate for
President of the United States in 1908.
Any further information pertaining to
the University will be cheerfully furnished
by Mr. R. M. Price, the secretary,
who will be found a most obliging
and pleasing officer.

Young Men's Christian Association.

The effort to establish a Young Men's
Christian Association in Charlottesville
had its inception as far back as 1871. It
had its beginning in the shape of a Y.
M. C. A. with rooms in the lower part
of Main street. Some of our best and
most honored citizens were members
of this Association and worked hard
for its maintenance. But after a few
years of successful effort there was a
lull. This did not last long however
for in 1887 the work opened up again
with new vigor. Mr. R. P. Valentine
was president of the Association,
and associated with him in
official capacity were the following
well known gentlemen: Vice-Presidents;
Dr. John Thornley, J. C.
Mathews, H. M. Gleason, A. C.
Brechin, S. V. Southall; T. T. Wood,
treasurer; Thos. P. Peyton, corresponing
secretary; N. H. Wranek, librarian;
J. McLain Brown, general secretary.
Ex-committee; George Perkins,
Dr. A. T. Nelson, M. C. Thomas.
During the next three years from 1887
to 1890 the effort was very successful.
Following are some features of the
work at this time; a well equipped
reading room, a library of some 400
volumes, evening educational classes, a
literary society, lectures, a boarding
house register, a free employment

bureau, social and religious meetings.
Again there was a lull and in 1890 the
effort took shape in a Men's Reading
Room and Library Association. This
was maintained until a year ago when

[ILLUSTRATION]

Building of the Young Men's Christian Association.

it was re-organized into the present
Young Men's Christian Association.
The present organization is the result
of a steady and determined forging
ahead to a position of permanent location,
effort and opportunity, in a location
which is considered by many to
be the best to be had for the purpose.
The structure owned and occupied by
the Association is the old Presbyterian
church building at the corner of Market
and Second streets east, directly
opposite the new Government Building.
It was purchased at a cost of $3,000
and has been remodeled painted and
equipped at an additional cost of $800.
The officers of the Association are W.
T. Martin, president; J. A. Gilmore,
vice-president; R. S. J. Sterling, treasurer;
C. W. Hulfish, recording secretary.
Directors: Dr. C. S. Venable, Dr.
H. S. Hedges, L. W. Graves, G. T.
Spitzer, R. S. J. Sterling, J. A. Gilmore,
H. L. Lyman, C. H. Walker,
C. W. Hulfish, W. T. Martin, Dr. C.
W. Kent, J. E. Irvine, B. F. Dickerson,
H. M. Gleason, J. N. Waddell.
General Secretary, H. C. Ballou. All
are good conservative business men
who believe in the welfare of young
men and who are willing to sacrifice
their time and energy to help them.
The object of the Young Men's Christian
Association is to place within
easy reach of all men (but more
especially the young men who are
disposed to make use of any or all such
facilities) "an up-to-date, attractive,
inviting, comfortable reading room,"
well supplied with daily, weekly, and
monthly journals and periodicals. A
useful library of readable books, a full
complement of useful fixtures and fittings
for a safe, sound and wholesome
"physical culture" course; a clean and
attractive outfit for toilet, lavatory,
and spray or shower baths; a good
audience room for musicals, sociables,
drills, athletic games or meets; and all
under the leadership of a competent
and trained athlete and leader, in the
person of a secretary, whose sole business
is to attend to and look after, all
the interests of the Association:—its
building, appointments, members,
visitors; and to take entire supervision
of all the affairs of the organization,
with a president and board of trustees
to counsel and assist him in all essential
particulars. Its ideal has always
been the highest and truest development
of young men. Its doors are
open to every young man who has an
ambition in life and whose purpose is
to attain it. The enjoyment of membership
privileges is not conditional on
nationality, occupation or religious
belief. Character is the only test.
The theory of the Association is to
help young men to help themselves.
It is possible to furnish so many privileges
at such nominal cost to young
men through the generosity of the
leading citizens of Charlottesville who
annually subscribe to the current expenses.
The plans for the coming season
(1906-7) contemplate a much larger
and more valuable work in the
educational, physical, social and religious
departments. The inducements
held out to young men this year
are by far the greatest in the history of
the Charlottesville Association. The
Association meets the needs in the
lives of young men as does no other
institution because it provides for every
legitimate phase of his physicial, mental
and moral nature, and its doors are
open from 9 a. m. to 10 p. m. every
week day and part of the Sabbath.

[ILLUSTRATION]

Christ Protestant Episcopal Church as it will appear when Completed.

Christ Episcopal Church.

The accompanying cut of the Episcocopal
Church known as Christ
Church, is what the building will be
when the towers are completed.
It stands on the corner of High and
North Second streets west. It is
built of Richmond granite. The main
Auditorium has a seating capacity of
seven hundred. In the rear is the
Sunday-school room, and various
other rooms, where the many societies
hold their meetings, of which there are
a goodly number connected with the
Parish. The building replaces a quaint
old structure, which was taken down
in August, 1895. The plans for the old
Christ Church were drawn by Mr.
Jefferson, who, as the late Bishop
Meade says, "appears to have been an
active vestryman for many years."
The Rev. Frederick Hatch became
rector of the Parish in 1820, of whom,
and of the church Bishop Meade
writes, "To the zeal and enterprise of
the Rev. Mr. Hatch is, under God, to
be ascribed the building of the church
in Charlottesville, which stands just
within the limits of Fredericksville
Parish. For a long time the courthouse
was the only place in Charlottesville
or round about for public worship.
The four leading denominations in the
State equally divided the Sabbaths and
some thought this was sufficient, and
calculated to promote peace and love
among all. Mr. Jefferson used to
bring his seat with him on horseback
from Monticello, it being some light
contrivance, which, folded up, was
carried under his arm, and unfolded,
served for a chair on the floor of the
courthouse. But the great body of
the people felt the need of a more convenient
place of worship, where more
persons could be accommodated, and in
better manner. It was proposed that
all denominations should unite in one,
but was found full of difficulties and
abandoned. It was proposed that two
should unite—the Episcopalians and
Presbyterians—which came to nothing.
Mr. Hatch, who was opposed to either
scheme, then circulated a subscription
for an Episcopal church, which immediately
succeeded, and was soon folfowed
with the same success by all the
others. The Rev. Mr. Hatch, was succeeded
by the Rev. Zachariah Mead,
who was followed by the Rev. Mr.
Cobbs, afterwards Bishop. In 1845
the Rev. Richard K. Meade was ordained
to the ministry, and soon afterward
took charge of Christ Church.
He continued the Rector until 1868,
when he was succeeded by the Rev. J.
S. Hanckel, D. D. The Rev. Mr.
Meade's first official act seems, from
the records, to have been the conducting
of the funeral service of Mr. Peche
Gilmer, who died April 7th, 1836. The
Rev. Dr. Hanckel continued in charge
until his death, which occurred Aug.
22, 1892. During a portion of Dr.
Hanckel's rectorship, the Rev. Robb
White, was Associate Rector. Mr.
White accepting the rectorship of
Christ Church, Savannah, in the fall of
1889, the Rev. H. B. Lee, became Dr.
Hanckel's assistant, Feb. 1, 1890. In
September, following the death of Dr.
Hanckel, Mr. Lee was elected rector,
and now holds that position. The
present Vestry consists of the following:
Dr. R. W. Nelson, sr. warden;
Hon. George W. Olivier, jr. warden;
Mr. C. H. Marchant, secretary; Judge
John M. White, treasurer; Hon. Louis
T. Hanckel, Capt. Micajah Woods,
Maj. C. M. Bolton, Capt. H. C. Michie,
Dr. J. S. Davis, Prof. Ormond
Stone, Mr. H. L. Lyman, Mr. John T.
Antrim. There are four hundred and
fifty communicants in this congregation.

First Baptist Church.

The Church now known as the First
Baptist Church of Charlottesville was
organized on the 18 of August, 1831, with
a membership of twelve males and
nineteen females. Dr. Harden Massie
the first clerk of the Church a position
which has since been occupied by a
number of excellent men among them
were A. Pope Abell, J. W. Doplin, M. C.
Thomas S. A. Eddins and the present
incubent E. A. Peyton. It has numbered
among its pastors some of the
most famous men of the denomination.
Conspicuous among these were
the illustrious John A. Broadus, and
his famous uncle William F. Broadus,
A. B. Brown, John C. Long, and in
later days, William Harrison Williams
afterwards the well know editor of the
Central Baptist of St. Louis, Kerr B.
Tuppet now one of the prominent men
of the denomination and pastor of one
of the leading New York churches,
Dr. H. W. Tribble now pastor of the
High Street Baptist Church of this
city and President of Rawlings Institute.
The present pastor the Rev.
John B. Turpin is now in the sixth
year of his second pastorate. He was
recalled to the Church in the fall 1900.
The Church has built several houses of
worship. One soon after its organization
which it out grew in the course of
less than twenty years, another in the
early fifties and the present exceptionally

handsome and imposing edifice
which has been universally admired
for its beauty and other more important
features. This building was dedicated
last July. Its present Deacons
are M. C. Thomas, Chairman of the
Board, T. W. Bailey, B. F. Dickerson,
Dr. R. K. Flannagan, J. W. Lane, J.
C. Mathews, W. N. Wood. The membership
of the church has greatly
grown of late years and it is now the
fourth largest Baptist Church in the
State.

The Christian Church.

The organization of the present Christian
Church of this city dates back to the
year 1835. During this year and that of
1836 about half of the membership of
the local Baptist church with the paster,
R. L. Coleman, also James Goss,
(with one or two other preachers,)
formed themselves into what was
known as a church of Christ. The new
organization stood for Bible names and
the Bible as the only rule of faith and
practice. The greatest exponent of the
new line thought which was extending
eastward and westward and which
took the name of the Reformation
was Alexander Campbell. For this
reason those holding like views with
the reformer were termed "Campbellites,"
though they repudiated the
appellation. The first meeting place
of the local church was in the courthouse.
Every week they came together
to broke bread even before a
pastor was secured for full time. The
Lord's Supper is still observed each
Lord's Day. In 1836 the present lowas
secured and in 1837 the first build
ing was erected. This structure stood
until 1897, when it was replaced by a
handsome modern edifice. The present
membership is about 260. Among
those who have served the church as
pastors are: R. L. Coleman, A. N.
McChesney, A. B. Walthall, L. A.
Cutler, C. S. Lucas, J. H. Carter, F.
D. Power, Junius Wilkins, E. L.
Powell, S. F. Fowler; H. J. Seamon,
M. Pittman, B. A. Abbott, B. P.
Smith, and the present pastor, C. R.
Sine, who was called to the work July,
1904. Among the many prominent
men who have visited the church since
its organization are the names of:
Alexander Campbell, (who gave a
series of sermons in 1840 and delivered
a lecture at that time before the local
Lyceum,) Isaac Errett, D. S. Burnett,
W. H. Hobson, C. S. Loos and J. W.
McGarvey. The following list includes
its present officers: Pastor and
President of the Board, C. R. Sine,
415 North First street. Elders: J. C.
Patterson, C. H. Walker, H. H. Hankins.
Deacons: E. J. Harlow, M. G.
Hart. L. B. Taylor, S. F. Walton, F.
A. Eddins. Alternate Deacons: L. E.
Watson, J. R. Wood, H. K. Wood.
Superintendent of Sunday-school, C.
H. Walker; Junior Builders, Mrs. C.
R. Sine; President of Christian Endeavor,
F. A. Eddins; Ladies Aid,
Mrs. William Marshall; Christian
Woman's Board of Missions, Mrs. C.
R. Sine, (auxiliary). Hours of service:
Sunday-school, 9.30 a. m.; Preaching

and the Lord's Supper, 11 a. m.;
Christian Endeavor, 7 p. m.; Evening
Service, 8 p. m.; Mid-week prayer
service, Wednesday, 8 p. m.; Christian
Woman's Board of Missions, first
Tuesday in month at 4 p. m.; Ladies
Aid, every Tuesday afternoon except
first in month. Meeting of Official
Board first Monday night of month.

[ILLUSTRATION]

CHRISTIAN CHURCH—DISCIPLES OF CHRIST.

The Presbyterian Church.

CHARLOTTESVILLE was
founded in 1762. From that
year to the year 1820, there
seems to have been no church
building in the town, though there was
occasional preaching. About 1820 a
union church was built where all denominations
worshiped. The first
Presbyterian church building was
erected in 1827 on the southeast corner
of Market and Second streets. This
building was replaced by a better
structure in the same lot in the year
1856. The third building, which is the
present church edifice, was erected in
1898. The corner stone was laid June
24, 1897, and the building was dedicated
May 15, 1898. It occupies the
southwest corner of Market and Second
streets. It is a very handsome structure,
a credit to the enterprising spirit
of the church, and an ornament to the
city. The cost of the lot, building and
furnishings was about $36,000. The
church seats 720 persons, and has an
expansion in its Sunday-school room,
which increases the seating capacity to
1200. On the occasion of its dedication
there were 1200 persons present in sight
and hearing of the speaker. The
church room is a perfect auditorium,
the acoustics being without fault. A
handsome organ, built by Stein of Baltimore,
was placed in the church in
1902 at a cost of $3,000. The old pipe
organ was placed in the Sunday-school
room where its sweet tones are still
heard. The new church is furnished
with all modern church conveniences;
and is most complete. The first organized
Presbyterian church in Charlottesville
was called "South Plains"
church. It included three preaching
places: Charlottesville, Keswick and
Bethel. But it was one organization,
governed by one session. This organization
was effected in 1819. In the year
1840 Charlottesville Presbyterianism
claimed a separate organization, which
was designated "The First Presbyterian
Church of Charlottesville." The
other two places of preaching retained
the old name: South Plains church.
In 1870 Bethel was set off into a separate
church, and Keswick retained and
still retains the original name South
Plains church. The following ministers
have been identified with the
Charlottesville Presbyterian church as
pastors or supplies in some period of
its history: B. H. Rice, J. C. Wilson,
W. J. Armstrong, F. Bowman, W. S.
White, D. B. Ewing, B. M. Wailes, J.
H. Smith, J. E. Annan, W. J. Hoge,
W. H. McGuffey, E. Woods, J. H.
Bryson, R. L. Dabney and G. L.
Petrie. The present pastorate is the
longest in the history of the church,
having now extended over 28 years.
The membership of the Charlottesville
Presbyterian church today is about
500. This number includes many distinguished
names of persons in the
various circles of life and influence in
the city, lawyers, physicians, and business
men of Charlottesville, and eminent
professors in the University. The
church is thoroughly organized in the
various departments of christian work,
including Sunday-school and societies.
It is liberal in its contributions to
benevolent causes, and progressive in
its spirit and work. A cordial greeting
is extended to all visitors and
strangers who worship in this church.
It is the earnest desire of the Presbyterians
of Charlottesville to make their
church a church of the people where
all are welcome and all are invited to
feel at home. It endeavors to stand
for what is true, right and pure in life
and methods, and to justify its existence
by its contribution to the well
being of the city.

The Methodist Episcopal Church.

The first Methodist church in Charlottesville
was originally a small brick
structure, built on the site now occupied
partly by the parsonage, and had a
seating capacity of 350, including the
gallery in the rear end. The pulpit was
very high. The church was dedicated
in 1835 by Bishop Emory. At the
Conference of 1835 Rev. Edward Wadsworth
was appointed pastor to Charlottesville
and Scottsville, with one
church, Temple Hill, between. He alternated
the Sabbaths between the two
towns and preached at Temple Hill
during the week. Wadsworth was a
young man of great ability. In 1837
Charlottesville was made an independent
station. In the early days of the
Charlottesville church many of the
University students took an active part
in the church work and Sunday-school.
Some of them were teachers, superintendents,
etc. Don Peters, uncle of Col.
William E. Peters, was one of the
Sunday-school teachers. Dr. Gessner
Harrison was a teacher in the Sunday-school
for a long while. Both he and
his wife were thorough Methodists,
active in work and liberal in giving.
He was a member of the official board
and the first secretary of the church.
He held a class-meeting of the Methodist
students at the University. He
refused an invitation to dine with
Thomas Jefferson because the dinner
was given on Sunday. Mrs. William
Wertenbaker, mother of the present
Col. William Wertenbaker, was one
of the first members of the Charlottesville
Church, having joined the congregation
here while they were worshipping
in the Episcopal Church, before
1835. Robert Jones, the father of Mrs.
S. W. Sterling, was a member at an
early date, as was also Mrs. Malcolm
Crawford. Miss Fannie Vandergrift,
whose faithful work as teacher of the
infant class is too well known to need
comment, joined the Church in 1839.
Mr. J. B. Hawkins became a member
in 1847. For a long time the Methodist
preachers received only $100. a
year in addition to their board. Messrs
Whitehead, Early, Poulton, August,
Granbery and Judkins boarded with
John M. Godwin, who gave to some of
them at least their board without
charge. The present church was begun
before the Civil War. The auditorium
was not finished for some years,
and the congregation worshipped
in the lecture room. Within six
or eight years after completion it was
remodeled. While the new church
was being built the congregation used
the Presbyterian church, which was
courteously offered for their service.
Dr. Wm. E. Edwards, in 1868, was
the first married preacher sent to Charlottesville,
though several of them
married while here. Among the many
pastors who have served this charge
were: David S. Doggett, Jno. C. Granbery.
W. W. Duncan, Paul Whitehead,
Wm. E. Edwards, Adam Bledsoe,
J. Wiley Bledsoe, B. F. Lipscomb,
C. L. Bane, and Wm. H. Edwards. In
1896 while Dr. J. Wiley Bledsoe was
pastor, it was thought necessary to
erect an additional church, and under
the auspices of the Epworth League,
the work on Belmont Church was
begun. This was soon completed, and

now a good work is being done there.
The Virginia Annual Conference has
met here a number of times. The last
time being November 1903. The membership
of the church is now about 1000,
with 550 in the Sunday-school. An
Epworth League, Rosebud Missionary
Society, the Woman's and Young Woman's
Missionary Societies are all in
prosperous working order. The present
building was remodeled about 12
years ago, and improvements are now
in contemplation. The present pastor,
Rev. G. E. Booker, D. D., is one of the
leading pulpit orators in the state. He
is in great demand as a lecturer, and
by his strong preaching and good pastoral
work, has added many to the
church register.

Beth Israel.

The Hebrews of Charlottesville have
conducted a house of worship here for
at least half a century. The old synagogue
stood on the site of the handsome
new Federal building on Market street.
When the Goverment purchased the
property it donated to the congregation
all the old building material and
owing to this fact a handsome new
structure was erected in 1903 at the
corner of 3d and Jefferson Streets at a
comparatively small expenditure.
The Synagague has a seating capacity
for three hundred.

The Catholic Church of the Holy Paraclete.

The first mass that was held in Charlottesville
was celebrated in the parlors
of Mr. Paoli's residence by Rev. Father
Andrew. After this, mass was said in
the Town Hall, by Rev. Fathers
Bichio, Weed and McVerry, until the
present church was built on July 25,
1880. The edifice was erected by
donations, the chief of which was one
by the late Martin Tracy, who gave
seventy-five acres of land. This gift
was disposed of, bringing the sum of
$1,300. This was managed by Rev.
Father McVerry, who built the present
place of worship. Rev. Father McVerry
being the pastor of the church
in Staunton, this church came under
his control and remained so until Rev.
Father Massey was appointed Pastor
here in October, 1898. The latter
put new life in the church and after
a short stay, was succeeded by Rev.
Father Walsh, who took up the work
and developed the church wonderfully.
The church building was renovated
and added to, and is now an ornament
to the city. The present pastor
is Rev Father Crow, who came here
March 19, 1902. During the four years
of his pastorate, he has accomplished
a great deal of good work in the upbuilding
of the church. The pretty
little rectory, which adjoins the
church, was built by the present pastor.

High Street Baptist Church.

The High Street Baptist Church was
organized Oct. 9th, 1900, and is therefore
not six years old yet. The present
house of worship was built in 1901.
The congregation worshiped in the
Levy Hall till their own house was
completed. The church started with
only fifty members and now has nearly
three hundred. The growth has been
steady. No sensational or high pressure
methods are used to win members
or to raise money. Simplicity and
direct appeal to Christian conscience
and intelligence characterize the worship

and work of this church. The
pastor, the Rev. Henry Wise Tribble,
D. D., has been in charge since the
church was instituted. He had served
the First Baptist Church of this city
five and a half years before he took
charge of the new organization. As
many of his present flock came out
of the mother church, he has been
their pastor about eleven years. The
church has in its membership a number
of the most vigorous young men,
as well as some of the most faithful
women, in our city, and its future is
bright. Its Sunday-school room is
well arranged for such work and its
main audience room is one of the
prettiest to be found anywhere.

Oakwood Cemetery

Two of the oldest cemeteries—Oakwood
and Maplewood—of Charlottesville,
are owned by the city, and any
history of this vicinity would indeed
be incomplete without a sketch of these
cities of the dead within whose confines
the remains of its past brilliant
careers as well as those who in their
time constituted the woof and warp
of the complex fabric of human
existence? Oakwood cemetery is located
on a little knoll on Oak street
near the suburbs of the town. In this
quiet and sylvan spot repose the ashes
of many well known old citizens,
among them being Rev. James Gates,
Rev. Jacob Manning and the wife of
the Rev. C. E. Bane, all of the Methodist
church; Rev. and Hon. John E.
Massey, ex-Lieutenant Governor of
Virginia, who died April 24, 1901, and
his son who was killed on the Southern
Railway; Charles M. Brand, printer
and reporter, who was on the staff of
The Progress, Chronicle and Jeffersonian
for many years, who died Jan. 14,
1897. On his tomb are the words "How
many hopes lie buried here." William
T. Morris, who was killed Aug.
3, 1857, in an explosion of his slate
quarry over Monticello mountain and
his son, "Blind" Tom, who lost his eye
sight at the same catastrophe; C. F.
Christian, who was killed at the fire of
Chas. King & Son, May 31, 1897. Capt.
John C. Culin of the Monticello Guard,
who lost a leg in the Civil War, James
Robert Neville Russell, son of General
Leghmere Russell, G. B., of Askford
Hall, Shropshire, England, Hamilton
Potts, Benj. F. Grove, James M. Tilman.
Here also may be seen the
graves of nine victims of the wreck on
the Southern Railway at Rock Fish
July 7, 1903. Seven of these were
Italian and Russian emigrants and the
other two were Chas. W. Hamilton
and J. Thomas Shepherd, brakemen.
To Mr. J. F. Williams, the Superintendent
of Cemeteries, great credit is
due for the splendid condition in which
the grounds are kept and the many
marked improvements. When Mr.
Williams came into office six years
ago the streets bordering Oakwood

were full of great mud holes in which
carriages were often stranded. These
have all been filled in and banks cut
through. A beautiful new stone wall
now borders more than half the grounds
and supplants an old picket fence. In
the centre of the cemetery a fountain
plays and around this are Mr. Williams'
flower beds in which he takes
great pride. Oakwood consists of
about six acres of land and was established
about 1860.

Maplewood Cemetery.

MAPLEWOOD Cemetery is located
on Maplewood Avenue
and was opened about 1827 on
what was formerly a part of the
old Sinclair farm. Among the interments
there are Rev. James Stuart
Hanckel, Rector of the Protestant
Episcopal church, Belle Tevis, wife of
Henry Laning, M. D., for nine years a
missionary in Japan, Carl H. Hotopp,
who was killed on the C. & O.
Railway near Basic City; Rev. Paul
Whitehead of the M. E. Church, Judge
Egbert R. Watson, ex-Mayor R. F.
Harris, ex-Mayor Benj. R. Pace, Major
Robert F. Mason, Philip Agnew McNeale,
the boy who lost his life at the
Brown School fire May 7, 1902; Job

Foster of Batavia, N. Y., a member of
Robinson & Eldreds Circus, who was
killed here by an elephant Dec. 22,
1851; Lieut. Col. G. A. Harrell of the
14th Tennessee regiment, Col. Jno. R.
Jones, Lieut. James L. Daniel, Rev.
J. M. Hedrick, Col. R. T. W. Duke,
Past Grand Master of Masons; Dr.
James A. Leitch, General Jno. M.
Jones, James Alexander, who published
the Jeffersonian Republican; Lieut.
W. W. Alexander, Capt. J. B. Alexander,
Miss Maud Coleman Woods,
daughter of Micajah Woods, who had
the reputation of being one of the
handsomest girls in the South and an
active worker in the Daughters of the
Confederacy; J. Farish, for many years
County Treasurer, R. H. Rawlings,
founder of Rawlings Institute; Crawford
J. and William A., the young
sons of John C. Patterson Jr., who lost
their lives at the great theatre fire in
Chicago Dec. 30, 1903; General Long
and his wife, who for many years was
Postmistress here; Wm. T. Jones,
formerly City Treasurer; Major Horace
W. Jones, a teacher for 50 years. In
the Wertenbaker section are the bodies
of six children who in 1862 died within
a few weeks of each other. Here too is
the body of the boy Stuart Wertenbaker
who died Aug. 21, 1872 and a
stone tool chest containing tools lays
near the grave. Near the centre of the
cemetery is the grave of Letitia Shelby
who died Sept. 8, 1777, and was formerly
buried in a garden nearby. The
other cemeteries of the city are Riverview
on the Woolen Mills road, the
Hebrew, opposite Oakwood, the University
of Virginia grounds and the
daughters of Zion for colored people.

[ILLUSTRATION]

PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH.

Riverview Cemetery.

ABOUT one mile east from town
on what is known as the
Woolen Mills road, is beautiful
Riverview Cemetery. Just
outside the grounds are the ancient

graves of the famous Lewis family
whose history is so intermingled with
that of Virginia, and one of whose
number was Meriwether Lewis the
friend of Jefferson and member of the
Lewis and Clark Louisiana Purchase
Expedition. The cemetery rests on
high land overlooking the peaceful
little Rivanna river winding its way
to the sea while from above overlooking
the valley stands "Monticello"
once the home of one of the world's
greatest statesmen. It was this spot
that many of the leading public men of
the early days of the Republic had
favored for the site of the Capitol of the
United States. It was the dream of
Jefferson to be able to look down from
the heights of his mountain home on
the capitol of the nation and the University
of Virginia, both of which with
his other achievements would stand as
lasting momuments to his name and
generation. Riverview was chartered
and laid out in 1887 and covers about
thirty acres. The first officers of the
company were W. D. Warren, president;
J. W. Marshall, vice-president;
W. Graham Page, secretary; Herbert
H. Wingfield, treasurer. The grounds
are prettily laid out, and each year
sees many marked improvements.
The cemetery being some distance
from the city it is but natural to
believe that it will be scores of years
before the town will build around it,
as in the case of some of the older burial
grounds, and where, in time, it will
be but a matter when demands are
made for their purchase for city building
lots to the great distress of relatives.
Then, again, plots are sold on the most
fair and reasonable terms and in a way
that any family of ordinary means may
become a purchaser, and thus assure
themselves that they are positive
to remain with their loved ones long
after the Angel of Death has called
them from the walks of this mortal
life. The present officers of the company
are all gentlemen of high character
and well known to our people
for their sterling methods in both
commercial and social circles. Mr. W.

[ILLUSTRATION]

The Hebrew Synagogue.

J. Tyson is president, H. C. Marchant
vice president; Thomas T. Norman
secretary and treasurer. The Board of
Directors are Judge T. B. Lyons, H. C.
Marchant J. W. Marshall, W. J. Tyson
and Thomas T. Norman—

Don't give your friends indigestion
by trying to poke people you like
down their throats.

                                                                                               

Advance Mills	12
Alberene	15
Baltimore, Md.	155
Batesville	16
Basic Ciiy	27
Birdwood	3
Blenheim	10
Boonsville	18
Boyds Tavern	10
Browns Cove	20
Burnleys Station	10
Campbell	12
Carters Bridge	10
Cismont	12
Cobham	16
Covesville	16
Crozet	13
Doylesville	20
Earlysville	12
Esmont	16
Farina	22
Free Union	13
Glendower	15
Harrisonburg	46
Ivy	6
Keene	12
Keswick	8
Lynchburg	60
Lindsay	12
Mechums River	10
Miller School	16
Millington	14
Moormans River	14
Monticello	3
Proffit	6
Red Hill	7
Rio	3
Rivanna	8
Scottsville	20
Shadwell	6
Simeon	4
Staunton	40
Stony Point	10
Washington, D. C.	115
Warren	19
Waynesboro	28
Woodridge	10
Yancey Mills	14

New Federal Building, new C. & O.
depot, new Elks Home, new fire head-quarters,
new postoffice, new express
building, new Red Lands Club building—progress,
progress everywhere
in old Charlotteville.

One might as well expect to thrive
physically while his portion of food is
being eaten by others, as to expect
mental development and not do his
own thinking.—N. C. Morse.

Not until you make men self-reliant,
intelligent and fond of struggle—fonder
of struggle than of help—not till then
have you relieved poverty.—Phillips
Brooks.

Miller Manual Labor School.

The Miller Manual Labor School of
Albemarle was founded by Samuel
Miller, who was born June 1, 1792
near the present site of the school.

Until he was grown Mr. Miller had to
contend with dire poverty and great
adversity; the great obstacles in the
way of his education and advancement
were however overcome by his
uncommon energy and indomitable
will, but he never forgot the hardships
of his early days and determined to
accumulate a fortune and establish a
school for the children of his native
county who might be too poor to get a
good education. Mr. Miller's will laid
a broad and deep foundation for the
school. He specified that it should be
"a school upon the manual labor
principle." The importance and value
of manual training in education is
now highly appreciated and generally
popular, but in making a proper estimate
of Mr. Miller's foresight and
good judgment it should be remembered
that his will was made in 1859—
long before manual training was an
element in education—showing that
he was far in advance of his time concerning
this useful educational factor.
But lest it be thought that his views
were narrow or one-sided or that he
leaned unduly toward the training of
the hand, it is well to quote further
from the will, wherein he states that
the pupils shall be "instructed in all
the branches of a good, plain, sound
English education, the various languages,
both ancient and modern, agriculture,
and the useful arts." Few
men of his, or any other time have had
a broader view of education, and none
in the south have ever given so liberally
to the cause. Great as was Mr.
Miller's gift to Albemarle county in
money and in rare forethought and
wise plans his work might have proven
well-nigh useless if the execution
of his trust had not fallen into wise
and upright hands. There are many
persons who have faithfully and ably
done their part in the work of developing
the great institution which offers
such rare advantages to the youth of
the county, but the names which
stand out with special prominence in
this respect are Nicholas M. Page,
John L. Cochran, Chas. S. Venable,
Francis H. Smith, Hezekiah Taylor,
John T. Randolph, John M. White
and Thomas S. Martin, each of whom
in his capacity of Executor of the
Estate, Judge of the County, or Member
of the Board of Visitors has shown
rare tact, wisdom and faithfulness in
the discharge of his special duty
There is one name however which;

[ILLUSTRATION]

The Kitchen—Pine Knot.

next to Samuel Miller, takes highest
rank among those who have labored
for the upbuilding of the Miller SchoolCapt.
Charles E. Vawter, for twenty-eight
years the Superintendent of the
school, is the man who has done most
to guide, shape and control the destinies
of the institution and to inspire
its pupils to noble efforts and point
them to lofty aims. Mr. Miller died
in 1869, but owing to protracted litigation,
and other delays incident to reconstruction
days in the south, the
School was not opened until the fall of
1878, and it then started with only 21
pupils, one teacher and the superintendent.
The institution developed
rapidly and in less than five years it
had 250 pupils and a long list of applicants
that could not be admitted

[ILLUSTRATION]

Miller Manual Labor School—Main Building.

There are now 25 teachers and 250
pupils. Mr. Miller's comprehensive
plans have been carriad out with care
and faithfulness; the material equipment
of the school, in its special lines,
is perhaps not equalled in the south
nor surpassed in the north. The
courses of instruction are thorough
and broad, and the fundamental idea
is to give an all-round training not
only to the hand, the body and mind,
but also to the heart, the morals and
the conscience, and to fit the pupils in
the highest way for useful, happy
lives. Over 1,000 pupils have gone
out from the school, and a very large
number of these occupy positions of
great usefulness and responsibility
throughout the Union, from New
England to California and from Wisconsin
to Texas, while a few are found
in foreign lands. If the good done by
the Miller School be judged only by
the financial advantage to Mr. Miller's
beneficiaries (an admittedly low
standard for comparison,) it will be
found that they now earn an amount
greatly in excess of that which they
would probably have been able to earn
had they not enjoyed the advantages
of the Miller School. This excess in
earnings is already equal to a very
large income upon the money left by
Mr. Miller, and is steadily increasing.
But greater and better than all this
are the uplifting and ennobling influences
which extend not only to the
hundreds trained in the school, but to
yet larger numbers who are being
helped by the leavening influences
which eminate in ever widening circles
from those who have received the
direct benefit of Mr. Miller's noble
benefaction.

The Red Lands Club.

The Red Lands Club of this city
was organized in February, 1905. It
has just moved from its quarters on
Jefferson street to its fine new home
on Park street opposite the Courthouse.
The premises are fitted throughout in
the most elaborate manner and are a
credit to the city. It may be interesting
to note that on the site of this
building formerly stood the ancient
Swan Tavern conducted by old John
Jewett and his son. It is not generally
known to most of us that it was John
Jewett who rode forty miles from
Louisa Court House and gave the
alarm to Jefferson at Monticello and
to the Governor and Legislature of Virginia
then in session at the Courthouse
here, that the British under Tarleton
were on their way to capture them.
The body of Trooper Jewett lies buried
in the grounds in rear of the club
house. In the early part of the last
century a movement was on foot to
place a bronze tablet on the building
to the memory of this hero of whom so
little has been said or written. The
Red Lands is the swell and aristocratic
club of Charlottesville, and it is here
that the F. F. V's. of the masculine
gender meet o'nights in executive
session.

Albemarle Telephone Company.

Through the Albemarle Telephone
Company Charlottesville enjoys a service
which is unsurpassed by any in
the State, and the company enjoys the
distinction of having more phones per
capita than any city in Virginia, and
ranks as to perfection with any in the
United States, while the rates charged
for service are much less than any exchange
with same number of telephones.
During the past few years
this company has spent many thousands
of dollars in the way of improving
the county service and they now
have the best rural service in the
State. The executive office and building
owned by the company is located
on Sixth street near Market, and is
thoroughly equipped with every
modern improvement. The switch
board is of the magnetic type and
gives splendid satisfaction. All of the
circuits, both in the city and county,
are metallic and the service is most
excellent. Fifteen operators are employed,
the force being divided so as
to keep an adequate number on duty
at all times during the night and day.
When the company opened for business

they had 190 subscribers, while
today they have 930 phones in operation
in the city, and 277 in the county,
and the number is being rapidly increased.
The company now has about
300 miles of wiring and 4 miles of
cable in city and 25 miles pole line in
county. They make direct connection
with the Southern Bell Company of
Virginia, the American Telephone
and Telegraph Company, the Louisa
Telephone Company, the Fluvanna
Telegraph Company and the Farmers
Mutual Telephone Company and the
Culpeper Telepone Company. The
first mentioned companies gives access
to every part of the United States
where telephones are in use, while the
latter companies give connection in
the counties in which they are located.
For those who have no long distance
phones the company has booths at
their office, hotels and in other sections

[ILLUSTRATION]

First Baptist Church—Colored.

of the city. Extensive improvements
are being made and a force of fourteen
men are constantly engaged installing
telephones and placing wiring for the
increasing patronage. The company
was organized and incorporated August
10, 1897, and the present officers
are F. W. Twyman, president; J. B.
Andrews, vice-president; H. A. Dinwiddie,
secretary and treasurer, and
J. Frank Kelley, superintendent. All
of them are well known here and are
energetic and enterprising young men.
President Twyman, was born in Madison
county but has lived here for
many years and is identified with a
number of well known enterprises.
The directors of the company are: J.
M. Robertson, Daniel Harman, John
B. Moon, S. C. Chancellor, James F.
Harlan, W. J. Tyson, T. J. Wills, P.
Leterman, T. S. Keller, C. H. Walker,
Mr. Andrews is a native of this city
and besides the business described
above is engaged in the seed and
horse lines. Mr. Dinwiddie is also a
son of Charlottesville and is now a
student at the University of Virginia.
Mr. Kelley, who has direct supervisior
of the workings of the company, was
born in this city and has held his present
position since its formation.

First (Colored) Baptist Church.

This church was originally a part of
the First white Baptist church of Charlottesville.
In 1863 the colored members
decided to affect and maintain
a separate and distinct organization
from that of their white friends. So pursuant
to this agreement the colored
church, known for a time as the Delevan
church, was formed. Rev. John
T. Randolph was the first pastor, and
he was followed by Rev. James Fife,
and John Walker George. In 1868
they purchased the present site, known
as the "Old Mudwal" or "Delevan
property." The first colored pastor
was the Rev. William Gibbons who
was succeeded by Rev. W. J. Barnett
in 1870. He in turn was succeeded by
Rev. M. T. Lewis, Rev. Alexander
Truatt, Rev. R. Alonzo Scott, Rev. L.
B. Goodall. The present pastor is
Rev. R. C. Quarles, D. D., who was called
to the church in 1895. Since coming
here the Virginia Union University at
Richmond conferred on Mr. Quarles
the degree of Doctor of Divinity.