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Principles of orchestration

with musical examples drawn from his own works
  
  
  
  
  

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Writing in several parts.
  
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Writing in several parts.

When the whole group is used the number of horns should be
doubled:

illustration

In seven, six, or five-part harmony certain instruments must
be omitted:

illustration

illustration

Discords of the seventh or second are preferably entrusted to
instruments of different tone colour:


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illustration

When such chords are written for an orchestra which only
includes two trumpets, it is impossible for the horns to proceed in
pairs. In such cases the following arrangement may obtain, the
horns being marked one degree louder than the other instruments,
to secure balance of tone:

illustration

The same method should be followed whenever the use of horns
in pairs fails to produce satisfactory tone.

When chords of widely-divided harmony are distributed throughout
several harmonic registers, the register occupied by the horns
need not be doubled; the arrangement of the chord will resemble
that of a chorale written for double or triple choir. For
example:

illustration