 | University of Virginia catalogue |  |
MEDICAL DEPARTMENT.
| JOHN W. MALLET, M. D., Ph. D., LL. D., F. R. S., | Professor of Chemistry. |
| WILLIAM B. TOWLES, M. D.,[1] | Professor of Anatomy and Materia Medica. |
| WILLIAM C. DABNEY, M. D., | Professor of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Practice. |
| PAUL B. BARRINGER, M. D., | Professor of Physiology and Materia Medica. |
| ALBERT H. TUTTLE, M. S., | Professor of Biology. |
| WILLIAM G. CHRISTIAN, M. D., | Acting Professor of Anatomy and Surgery. |
| JOHN STAIGE DAVIS, M. A., M. D., | Instructor in Biology, Pathology and Hygiene. |
| HALSTEAD S. HEDGES, M. A., M. D., | Demonstrator of Anatomy. |
| CHARLES E. MARROW, M. D., | Assistant Demonstrator of Anatomy. |
| WILLIAM E. McCONVILLE, M. D., | Assistant Demonstrator of Anatomy. |
| HUGH T. NELSON, M. D., | Instructor in Clinical Surgery. |
| WILLIAM J. MARTIN, M. A., M. D., | Instructor in Chemistry. |
| WILLIAM W. LUCK, | Assistant Demonstrator in Medical Biology. |
General Course of Studies in the Medical Department.—The
session of the Medical Department continues through the full nine months of
the University session. The studies included in the Medical course are as
follows: Chemistry, Anatomy, Histology, Bacteriology, Physiology, Materia
Medica, Hygiene, Surgery, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Practice of Medicine,
and Medical Jurisprudence.
These studies are arranged for a two years' course, and are pursued in the
following order:
During the first session (of nine months): Anatomy, Histology, Chemistry,
Physiology and Bacteriology.
During the second session (of nine months): Materia Medica, Practice of
Medicine, Hygiene, Pathology, Surgery, Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Medical
Jurisprudence.
Relations of the Student in the Second Year.—Students who pass
a satisfactory examination on the subjects studied during the first session are
not required to attend the lectures or stand the written examinations on these
subjects the second year; but if a student fails to pass a satisfactory examination
at the regular time on one or more of the subjects included in the first year's
course, he will be permitted to take such subject or subjects over during the
second year, without the payment of any additional fee, and if he passes a satisfactory
examination on these subjects, as well as those of the second session,
he will be permitted to graduate at the close of that session.
Requisites for Graduation.—No student is permitted to graduate from
the University of Virginia with the degree of Doctor of Medicine till he shall
have attended the regular course of not less than two years in this institution,
and passed a satisfactory examination on all the subjects included in the Medical
course, unless he shall have attended one course of lectures of seven months,
or two courses of less than seven months each in some other reputable medical
school, in which case he may apply for graduation at the end of his first session
in this institution; but in order to obtain the degree he must pass a satisfactory
examination at this University on all the subjects heretofore mentioned as included
in the Medical course.
Certificates of Attendance.—No student will receive a certificate as a
member of the Medical Department of the University unless he has attended
the whole regular course of the first or the second year.
Methods of Instruction.—The instruction is given by systematic lectures
and daily oral examinations, with associated practical work in Anatomy, Histology,
Bacteriology, and Pathology. The daily oral examinations on the subject
of the previous lectures are of great value in stimulating the student to
regular and systematic habits of study, and furnishing the Professor an opportunity
of discovering and removing difficulties met with by the student.
The Graduating Examinations are in writing and of a rigorous character.
Two sets of these are held each year—one near the close of the session,
after completion of the lecture courses; the other at the beginning of the next
session. To the latter are admitted—
(a) Students of the previous session who from illness or other cause approved by the
Faculty were unable to present themselves for examination. These may be examined
on any part of the course, and shall not be required to matriculate anew.
(b) Students who passed examinations in two of the primary studies (Chemistry, Biology,
Anatomy, Physiology) at the close of the previous session, and attained on the
other two such a standard (lower than graduation) as the Faculty may approve.
(c) Students who present certificates of attendance on one seven months' course or its
equivalent at some other reputable medical school. Such students, after matriculating
and passing the Fall examinations on the primary studies, may proceed to
graduation in the work of the second year, without attending lectures or passing
further examination in the primary studies except the general oral examination.
No special examination will be given in the Medical Department except
under extraordinary circumstances.
A General Oral Examination is held each year prior to graduation (at
the close of the session) on all the different branches on which the student has
passed during either that session or some preceding one. This is intended to
test the permanent acquisition of such general knowledge as every practitioner
of medicine should possess.
Clinical Instruction.—The Piedmont Hospital in the adjoining city of
Charlottesville is utilized as far as its capacity will permit, and during the past
year the second-course students have had the opportunity of seeing a number of
operations there. On the 1st of November, 1892, the University Dispensary
was opened, and since that time more than twelve hundred persons have
applied for treatment. Clinics are held four times a week, to which second-course
students only are admitted. In recognition of the impossibility of giving
practical instruction by the ordinary clinical lectures, the class is divided into
sections, so that each student may have the opportunity of examining patients
for himself under the guidance of the teacher.
Messrs. Douglas F. Duval, Arlie C. Jones, William W. Luck, John A. Penton, and
S. H. McKim have acted as student-assistants at the Dispensary during 1893-'94.
ANATOMY.
Acting Professor Christian.
Descriptive Anatomy.—The instruction is given by didactic lectures,
combined with the course of Practical Anatomy as taught in the Dissecting
Hall. The endeavor throughout is to render the teaching as completely practical
as possible; no statement is made that is not illustrated by its exhibition,
either on the actual dissection or on the preparation of a dissection, the effort
being to convey knowledge in the so-called natural method—that is, by mental
imagery formed by repeated observations of nature. This is accomplished by
exhibiting to the student and requiring him to handle the dissected parts and
preparations made therefrom. The equipment of the School for this purpose is
most ample.
Practical Anatomy.—For this course dissecting material, obtained under
the permissive law of the State, is abundantly supplied without cost to the student.
Attendance in the dissecting-room is compulsory, a strict record being
kept in the case of each student. Besides the ordinary oral and written examinations,
each student is required to stand eight practical examinations—one
upon osteology, four upon different parts of the muscular system, one on the
viscera, one on the ligaments, and one on the vessels and nerves. These
examinations are oral and private, each student being questioned alone. They
consist in the identification of the truths of anatomy on the bones, the cadaver,
and the dissected cadaver, and are thus a perfect test of the student's acquaintance
with the gross structure of the human body.
Regional Anatomy.—This subject is taught to second-course students by
the same practical methods as are described above.
HISTOLOGY.
Professor Tuttle.
Normal Histology is taught by lectures, accompanied by practical work
in the laboratory, which is amply equipped for the purpose. The class is
divided into working sections of thirty, that number of desks being provided
with microscopes, accessory apparatus, and all necessary reagents. The primary
object of the course is to make the student practically familiar with the
normal appearance and characteristics of the structural elements of the body,
their groupings into tissues, and the disposition and relations of the latter as
making up the various organs of the body. As a means to this end, students
are carefully trained in the use of the microscope, and, as much as practicable,
in histological technique. The accuracy and readiness of the knowledge acquired
is tested for each student by individual practical examination, in which
he is required to name and describe at sight preparations of tissues and sections
of organs submitted to him, together with the usual written examination.
Text-Books Recommended.—Klein's, Stirling's, or Schaefer's Histology; The Professor's
Syllabus.
Embryology.—Optional attendance (without additional charge) upon the
course in Comparative Embryology is granted to medical students. The laboratory
is provided with a valuable set of preparations illustrating the embryology
of the lower vertebrates, and a collection of human embryos of various
stages from which anatomical and histological preparations are made.
Text-Books.—Schaefer's, Haddon's, or Minot's Embryology.
CHEMISTRY.
Professor Mallet.
In this course the students are taught Chemical Physics and the general principles
of Chemistry, and are carried through a course of Descriptive Chemistry,
inorganic and organic; their attention is directed, whenever an occasion presents
itself, to the application of chemical principles to Physiology, the Practice
of Medicine, Therapeutics, Toxicology, and Sanitary Science.
Text Books.—Fownes's Chemistry; Syllabus of the Professor's lectures. For Reference.
Charles's Physiological and Pathological Chemistry; Wormley's Micro-Chemistry of Poisons.
PHYSIOLOGY.
Professor Barringer.
In Physiology the entire work of the class is designed with especial reference
to its practical bearings on the subsequent study of Pathology and Therapeutics.
The lectures on human Embryology are not given until students are
well advanced in Anatomy, and can, therefore, appreciate their bearings. In
the elucidation of these subjects, the large collection of plates belonging to the
Department is supplemented by original preparations and models.
Text Book.—The Professor's Syllabus. For Reference.—Kirke's Hand-book of
Physiology (13th edition); Foster's Physiology.
BACTERIOLOGY.
Professor Tuttle.
Bacteriology is taught by lectures and practical work in the laboratory.
It is the object of the course to give to students a clear idea of the biology of
the bacteria; their affinities as plants, their structure, and their physiology being
considered as a basis for the further discussion of their economic relations, their
action as causes of disease, and the methods resorted to for their manipulation.
The various processes of bacteriological technique are fully illustrated and demonstrated
in the laboratory. The work of the students comprises special
practice in those processes which are of peculiar value to the practitioner as a
means of diagnosis.
Text-Books Recommended.—Abbott's Principles of Bacteriology; Fraenkel's Bacteriology;
the Professor's Introduction to the Bacteria; Sternberg's or Crookshank's Manual
of Bacteriology.
MATERIA MEDICA.
Professor Barringer.
In Materia Medica and Therapeutics particular stress is laid upon
physiological action and rational therapeutical application of drugs. The physical
properties of drugs are taught by requiring the student to learn them from
specimens, a complete collection being provided, which contains specimens
both of all the crude drugs and of all their preparations which have been dealt
with in the lectures.
Text-Book.—White's Materia Medica and Therapeutics. For Reference.—Brunton's
Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Materia Medica.
PRACTICE OF MEDICINE.
Professor Dabney.
In Practice of Medicine especial attention is given to the principles of
the subject, the aim being to point out to the student the connection between
the causes, morbid anatomy, symptoms and treatment of the different diseases.
Each student is taught, furthermore, at the clinic the symptoms and signs of
diseases of the different organs of the body, and the proper treatment of the
different cases, and is required to learn by actual examination, under the supervision
of the Professor, the physical signs of diseases of the heart, lungs and
other organs.
Text-Books.—Reese's Medical Jurisprudence and Toxicology; Playfair's Midwifery
(last edition); Osler's Practice of Medicine; Abstract of the Professor's lectures on Practice;
Page's Physical Diagnosis; Lewer's Diseases of Women.
HYGIENE.
Dr. Davis.
In this course the chemical and bacterial contamination of food, water, air
and soil first engages the attention of the student. With this preparation he
takes up the natural history of contagious and infectious diseases, their modes
of propagation and methods of prevention. Instruction is also given in the
proper location and construction of habitations, hospitals, school-houses, etc.,
with especial reference to modern methods of heating, ventilating and draining.
Text-Book.—Rohé's Text-Book of Hygiene.
PATHOLOGY.
Dr. Davis.
The principles of General and Surgical Pathology are discussed and
illustrated in the laboratory, where ample facilities are provided to enable each
student to make permanent preparations for himself. Instruction is also given
in the mothod of conducting a post mortem examination, in which the object of
preserving for future investigation such parts as may demand it is kept particularly
in view. This involves pathological technique, which is accordingly
taught. Students are individually required to recognize, by the aid of the
microscope, the nature of tumors, and to make examinations of urine, in addition
to the regular written examination, covering the entire work of the session.
Text-Books.—Green's Pathology; Senn's Principles of Surgery.
SURGERY.
Acting Professor Christian.
In Operative Surgery the first aim is to ground the student thoroughly
in the principles and technique of modern aseptic surgical procedure. All amputations
and ligations, the application of splints, bandages and apparatus for
different fractures, are shown upon the cadaver, and the lectures are illustrated
by numerous paintings and morbid specimens. To insure a practical knowledge
of the subject, each student will be required to perform operations upon
the cadaver as a part of his examination for graduation.
OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY.
Professor Dabney.
In Obstetrics instruction is given by lectures, and the mechanical principles
involved in the study are explained and illustrated by the use of suitable
preparations and models. The student is drilled in this part of the subject
during the early part of the course, and attention is subsequently called to the
student is also taught practically the various operations, both manual and instrumental.
In Gynecology instruction is given by lectures and recitations,
with practical training in the details of ordinary gynæcological work.
Text-Books.—Playfair's Midwifery; Lewer's Diseases of Women; Thomas and
Mundé, Diseases of Women
MEDICAL JURISPRUDENCE.
Professor Dabney.
In this course the student is instructed in the principles of the science, and
taught how to apply these principles when he is summoned as a witness in a
court of law.
Text-Books.—Reese's Medical Jurisprudence and Toxicology.
EXPENSES.
The necessary expenses of a student in the regular course of the Medical
Department for the session of nine months are estimated as below, both for the
lowest rate of living and for a more liberal expenditure:
| Tuition (including fee for laboratory materials), | $120 | $120 |
| Matriculation, | 30 | 30 |
| Infirmary fee, | 7 | 7 |
| Contingent deposit, | 10 | 10 |
| Dormitory rent, | 15 | 30 |
| Servant's attendance, | 9 | 9 |
| Furniture for dormitory, | 9 | 19 |
| Fuel and lights, | 12 | 24 |
| Washing, | 14 | 14 |
| Board, | 99 | 162 |
| Total necessary expenses, | $325 | $425 |
| Payable on entrance, | 225 | 265 |
Books, stationery and dissecting instruments for the entire course cost about $45. The
cost of the degree, if taken, is $15.
Separate fees are charged when students who are not candidates for a degree
pursue an elective instead of the regular course.
A laboratory course in Practical Pharmacy, under Professor Dunnington,
is also open to medical students, who are charged $5 to cover the cost of laboratory
materials, tuition being free.
SCHEME OF MEDICAL LECTURES AND EXAMINATIONS.
| FIRST HALF-SESSION. | FIRST-COURSE STUDENTS. | SECOND-COURSE STUDENTS. | ||||||||||||
| 9-10 | 10 11 | 11-12:30 | 12:30-1:30 | 1:30-2:30 | 3:30-5 | 9-10 | 10-11 | 11-12:30 | 12:30-1:30 | 1:30-2:30 | 3:30-5 | |||
| Mon., | Hist. | Chem. | Anat. | Dissec. | Prac. | Mat. Med. | Clinic. | Mon. | ||||||
| Tues., | Hist. Lab. A. | Anat. | Dissec. | Prac. | Mat. Med. | Clinic. | Tues. | |||||||
| Wed., | Hist. Lab. B. | Dissec. | Chem. | Prac. | Mat. Med. | Clinic. | Wed. | |||||||
| Thurs., | Hist. Lab. C. | Anat. | Dissec. | Prac. | Path. | Mat. Med. | Clinic. | Thurs. | ||||||
| Fri., | Chem. | Anat. | Dissec. | Prac. | Path. Lab. A. | Mat. Med. | Clinic. | Fri. | ||||||
| Sat., | Anat. | Dissec. | Prac. | Path. Lab. B. | Mat. Med. | Clinic. | Sat. | |||||||
| SECOND HALF-SESSION. | Mon., | Bact. | Chem. | Phys. | Dissec. | Obst. and Gyn. |
Surg. | Clinic. | Mon. | |||||
| Tues, | Bact. Lab. A. | Phys. | Dissec. | Obst. and Gyn. |
Surg. | Clinic. | Tues. | |||||||
| Wed., | Bact. Lab. B. | Dissec. | Chem. | Obst. and Gyn. |
Clinic. | Wed. | ||||||||
| Thurs., | Bact. Lab. C. | Phys. | Dissec. | Obst. and Gyn. |
Path. | Surg. | Clinic. | Thurs. | ||||||
| Fri., | Chem. | Phys. | Dissec. | Obst. and Gyn. |
Path. Lab. A. | Surg. | Clinic. | Fri. | ||||||
| Sat., | Phys. | Dissec. | Obst. and Gyn. |
Path. Lab. B. | Surg. | Clinic. | Sat. | |||||||
| Examinations. | 23rd Jan. | 16th Feb. | 23rd April. | 18th May. | 28th May. | 3rd June. | 22nd Dec. | 6th Feb. | 16th March. | 2nd May. | 23rd May. | 5th June. | 8th June. | |
| Chem. | Hist. | Anat. | Phys. | Chem. | Bact. | Mat. Med. | Hyg. | Prac. | Gyn. | Path. | Surg. | M. Jur. | ||
| University of Virginia catalogue | |