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LITERARY SCHOOLS.
SCHOOL OF LATIN.
Professor Peters.
B. A. COURSE.
A. First Year.—A student who is able to translate Cæsar or Vergil, and has a
proper acquaintance with the Forms, is prepared to enter this course, which
begins with Sallust or a writer of like difficulty. Systematic attention is given
to the study of the Forms. The syntactical work is the study of the Case-relations,
in which the Subjunctive Mood is required. Principles and facts explained
are applied by frequent exercises in Latin Composition. The reading
is confined to selected portions of Sallust, Ovid, Curtius, and Vergil. A limited
amount from each author is prescribed for private reading. For the examinations,
passages are selected for translation from the Latin assigned as private
reading. There are two examinations—the Intermediate, held about the middle
of the session; the Final, near its close. These examinations are conducted
in writing.
B. Second Year.—The work of this year will be directed to the acquirement
of readiness in translation and syntactical interpretation, with as little
specialistic investigation as is consistent with a general but sound and permanent
knowledge of the language. As an indispensable auxiliary to this end,
written exercises in translating English into Latin and Latin into English will
be required. Proper attention will be given to Roman History and Literature.
The metrical work will be limited to the structure and accurate recitation of the
Dactylic, Anapæstic, Trochaic, and Iambic verses, with the verses occurring in
the odes of Horace. Translation will be confined to Livy, Horace, Cicero,
Seneca, and Tacitus. Selections from each author will be assigned as parallel
reading. There will be two written examinations—Intermediate and Final.
The student who completes the work of this year will be entitled to a diploma
of graduation in the B. A. course in Latin.
M. A. COURSE.
This course commences with Juvenal or Livy, and includes selected portions
of Juvenal, Livy, Cicero, Seneca, Tacitus, and Plautus. The Case-relations
are reviewed, and the Syntax of the Verb is systematically presented.
Latin versification is taken up early in the session and continued throughout
the term. A theoretical acquaintance with this subject is insufficient. Prompt
identification and correct recitation of every variety of Latin verses is insisted
upon. A very prominent place is assigned to Latin Composition as an indispensable
means of acquiring an exact knowledge of the language. Portions of
the authors read in the Lecture-room are designated as parallel and private
reading. The object of parallel reading is to enable a student to acquire a
more copious vocabulary than is furnished by the limited amount of Latin read
in the Lecture-room, and to afford a wider field for the application of the principles
explained in the Lectures. In this class there are two examinations—
one occurring about the middle of the session, the other near its close. The
examinations are conducted in writing. For the second or Final examination,
passages for translation are selected partly from the parallel and partly from
Latin which the class has not read. In Roman History and Literature the
work is that of the B. A. course. The completion of the work of this year
entitles the student to the diploma of graduation in the M. A. course in Latin.
Text-Books.—Any approved edition of the authors above named.
Grammars.—Gildersleeve's, Syntax of the Verb by the Professor, Printed Lectures by
the Professor on the Latin Cases and Versification.
History.—Liddell's, with Long's or any approved Atlas.
Literature.—Bender's, as a Hand-book and Guide, supplemented by Lectures.
PH. D. COURSE.
This course is intended for students who propose to teach or desire to equip
themselves for original investigation in the language. The scope of the work
is such as to familiarize them with the language in its several periods. An extensive
course of reading is prescribed, and subjects for independent investigation
are from time to time assigned. The Lecture-room exercises consist in
translation and the discussion by the student of the passage translated. He is
invited to propound such questions to the Professor, or to a member of the
class, as he would to a pupil. In addition, a careful translation from some one
of the best Latin prose writers is prepared, and the student is required at once
to write on the blackboard his Latin rendering of it, and to give his reasons as
well for the periods as for the syntactical constructions employed. Though it
requires at least two years to complete this course, yet one year given to it
abundantly repays the student, as the greater part of the first year of the course
is devoted to the archaic period of the language, which cannot be considered to
any great extent in the under-graduate course.
SCHOOL OF GREEK.
Professor Humphreys.
In this School there are three courses:
I. A general course, comprising what is deemed essential to a liberal classical
education. This course extends over two years.
A.—First Year Class. As a preparation for this class an accurate knowledge
of the regular Attic inflections and some experience in translating are necessary.
A thorough study of two books of Xenophon's Anabasis may be regarded as the
minimum of preparatory reading. The work of the class is directed to the acquirement
of practical familiarity with the simpler Attic prose. The Grammar
is carefully reviewed, and weekly exercises, based on Greek authors, are written.
The authors read are Xenophon and Lysias.
B.—Second Year Class. This class, for which the work of the preceding
year, or some equivalent, is the appropriate preparation, continues the study of
Attic prose, and enters upon the study of Epic and Ionic Greek and the Drama.
The Syntax is reviewed, and weekly exercises are given for translation into
Attic prose. The authors read are Plato, Demosthenes, Euripides, Herodotus
and Homer. Instruction is given in History, Literature, Antiquities, and the
Greek as one of their studies for the degree of B. A.
II. An advanced course, adapted especially to the requirements of those
who desire to become teachers of the classics. It extends through one session
of nine months. For admission to this course, graduation in the preceding course
is required; but, when sufficiently prepared, students may be allowed to pursue
both courses simultaneously. In this course the Syntax of the Verb is thoroughly
studied, and weekly exercises, including passages from modern English authors,
are given to be translated into idiomatic Greek. Lectures are given on Rhythm
and Metres, and the students are practised in reading rhythmically the lyric parts
of the Drama and the works of the Lyric Poets. The authors read are Demosthenes,
Aeschylus, Sophocles, Aristophanes, Thucydides, Pindar, and other
Lyric Poets. The course will be varied and modified as occasion may require.
Graduation in this course is prescribed for those who select Greek as one of
their studies for the degree of M. A.
III. A special course designed for those who wish to devote themselves to
classical scholarship. For admission to this course, graduation in the preceding
course is required, but in special cases students may be permitted to prosecute
both courses at the same time. The work of this course will be adapted to the
special aims of those pursuing it, but will, in all cases, include extensive reading
of Greek authors and minute study of some branch of Greek philology.
Those who select Greek as one of their studies for the degree of Ph. D.,
will be required to pursue this course for two years.
In all the courses private reading is prescribed, and the examinations will
be partly upon this and the work done in class, and partly upon passages selected
from the Greek authors at will.
Text-Books.—Goodwin's Greek Grammar; Goodwin's Moods and Tenses; Hogue's
Irregular Verbs; Veitch's Verbs; Liddell and Scott's Lexicon (Intermediate, and in courses
II. and III., unabridged seventh edition); Smith's History of Greece; Jebb's Primer of Greek
Literature. Any editions of Greek authors may be used except when particular ones are
specially prescribed; but students should always have at hand Teubner's texts for reference,
and for use on examinations. At present Rhythm and Metres and some other subjects are
taught wholly or partly by lecture.
Hebrew.—Elementary instruction in Hebrew will be given when the demand
for such instruction is sufficient.
SCHOOL OF MODERN LANGUAGES.
Spanish, Italian, and Anglo-Saxon.
Professor Schele De Vere.
There will be hereafter three courses in each of the two languages, Spanish
and Italian.
The Collegiate Course, containing the work required for the degree of
Bachelor of Arts, begins with lectures, recitals, and readings, on the part of the
class, calculated to teach practically the pronunciation of the idiom. This is
followed by a series of lectures, abundantly illustrated on the blackboard, and
by frequent exercises on the subjects explained, which are expected to familiarize
the student gradually with the elements of Grammar and Syntax. As soon
as this is accomplished, he is set to work translating first an easy Reader, and
soon a simple, native writer. He is expected at the same time to read privately
a number of prescribed authors, and thus to make himself familiar with
the language, to increase, easily and steadily, his stock of words, and to enable
him, after some practice, to take up any not exceptionably difficult writer, and
to translate his works without assistance.
The University Course for the Master of Arts degree begins at once
with advanced work in the language chosen with a view to securing the degree
of M. A. In the University Course sufficient preliminary knowledge of the
language (Spanish or Italian) is expected to enable the student at once to begin
translating into idiomatic English any one of the classic writers in those languages.
This is continued till the off-hand translation meets no longer with practical or
purely etymological difficulties. Such readings, like Dante's Inferno and Petrarch's
Sonnets, or the Romances of the Cid and Calderon's Autos, are accompanied
by exercises, specially and carefully prepared to teach the idioms of
either language, and to facilitate the oral use as much as natural gifts may justify
the Professor in expecting from the student. The treatment of either language
now becomes purely historical, calculated to enable the student to read in its
changes the mental and moral development of the race from its infancy to its
highest success in speech and in literature. This part of the course naturally
includes a series of lectures on the fundamental laws of the science of Comparative
Philology, and these are accompanied by others on the lives and the works
of the leading authors, which are carefully examined and criticised.
The Post-Graduate Course in Spanish and Italian is mainly a continuation
of the studies pursued in the Master of Arts course, and is designed
specifically to meet the needs of candidates for the Ph. D. degree. A general
knowledge of the subject being vouched for, certain subjects of interest are selected,
which are to be thoroughly investigated, sustained by an abundance of
examples taken from classic writers in the language chosen, and either proven
or disproven, as the candidate for the degree may select. As a tangible evidence
of the work actually done by the student, he is expected to hand in a
Monthly Essay, giving the results of his research, and proving independent and
original judgment. His special attention may thus be directed to the mutual
influence which literature—powerful and influential writings—may exercise on
the fate of a people, and which the history of the nation, on the other hand,
exerts over its great authors and their works. In this course the study of the
Hovelacque, Thierry, and others, becomes imperative, and the great principles of
this young and fascinating Science furnish the most desirable objects of study.
Language now becomes to the student a living being, having a history of its
own, and suggesting entirely new and interesting questions, such as how far language
may or may not be subject to the laws of evolution. It will be the aim
of this Post-Graduate Course to arouse in the student a lively and productive
interest in Language as a living organism, and at the same time to equip him
with all the arms he will need when he enters the great arena of the world as a
valiant champion of one or the other great doctrine that still awaits decision.
In the Class of Anglo-Saxon the study of the language is mainly pursued
in its aspect as the mother of English, furnishing the student the means of
tracing the history of his native tongue from its earliest beginning. Much attention
is given to the illustration of the history of words, their birth, their fate
under the rule of the Norman, and their subsequent modification. Extracts
from Anglo-Saxon writers are read, and the bearing of their works on the history
of our race is explained.
The following text-books are used:
Spanish.—The Professor's Grammar; Seoane's Dictionary; Velasquez' Reader; Calderon's
El Principe Constante; Lope's Estrella de Sevilla; Cervantes' Don Quijote;
Galdos's Trafalgar; Caballero's La Familia de Alvareda; Ticknor's History of Spanish
Literature.
Italian.—Cuore's Grammar; Foresti's Reader; Manzoni's I Promessi Sposi; Tasso's
Gerusalemme Liberata; Pellico's Le Mie Prigioni; Petrarca; Dante's La Divina Commedia.
Anglo-Saxon.—Shute's Manual of Anglo-Saxon, or Sweet's Primer; The Professor's
Studies in English; March's Anglo-Saxon Grammar (for reference); the Anglo-Saxon
Gospels.
French and German.
Adjunct Professor Perkinson.
There are three courses in each language.
B. A. COURSE.
Students who desire to enter this must possess an accurate knowledge of
the elements of English grammar, and some familiarity with the rudiments of
the language studied, or in lieu thereof a careful training in Latin. They will
study the grammar of the language, and will be practiced in pronunciation, on
which special stress will be laid, and in translation, supplemented by weekly
written exercises, copious parallel reading, and a course in the history and the
literature of the language. The amount of parallel reading to be done is definite,
and is assigned at the beginning of the session. Special attention is paid
to reading at sight.
M. A. COURSE.
This embraces the historical grammar of the language, given by lectures,
certain authors and selected periods. Candidates for graduation will be expected
to translate at sight any passage that may be assigned, and to render
selections from English authors into the foreign idiom.
PH. D. COURSE.
This is designed for students who wish to make a special study of the literature
or the philology of French and German. Only those who have been graduated
in the lower courses are admitted to it. The work will be adapted to the
aims of the student, but will in all cases be designed to encourage and direct
him to original research, independent conclusions, and systematic presentation
of results.
The text-books in all the classes and the authors to be read vary from year
to year, and are subject to change at any time. The following are the books
for the class-work in 1893-'4. Parallel reading will be assigned in all classes
at the beginning of the session.
B. A. French.—Whitney's Grammar, and Introductory French Reader; About's Le
Roi des Montagnes; Souvestre's Confessions d'un Ouvrier; Racine's Athalie; Molière's
L'Avare.
B. A. German.—Whitney's Brief Grammar; Joynes-Meissner's Grammar; Joynes's
German Reader; Hauff's Die Karavane; Freytag's Die Journalisten; Schiller's Maria
Stuart.
M. A. French.—Whitney's Grammar for reference; Corneille's Le Cid, Horace,
Cinna, Polyeucte; Victor Hugo's Les Misérables.
M. A. German.—Whitney's Grammar for reference; Riehl's Culturgeschichtliche Novellen;
Goethe's Götz von Berlichingen, Torquato Tasso, Egmont, Faust.
Gasc's French Dictionary.
Adler's German Dictionary.
Students who elect this School for the M. A. degree will be required to
graduate in German and one of the Romance Languages.
SCHOOL OF ENGLISH.
Professor Garnett.
B. A. COURSES.
Modern English.—In this class the study of the descriptive history of
the language is pursued, and Shakspere is made a special subject of study.
The critical study of a play of Shakspere, with private reading of about
one-fourth of the plays, is followed by similar study of selected works of later
authors. Lectures on the history of the Elizabethan drama are given in connection
with the study of Shakspere. Three lectures a week.
Text-Books.—Lounsbury's History of the English Language; Skeat's Primer of
English Etymology; for 1893-'94, The Winter's Tale (Rolfe's edition); Dowden's Shakspere
Primer; Abbott's Shaksperian Grammar. For Reference.—The Globe Shakspere; Fleay's
Shakspere Manual; Keltie's British Dramatists.
Rhetoric and English Literature.—In this class the principles of
Composition and Rhetoric are first studied, and then the history of English
Literature is taken up. Along with study of the text-books selected works of
authors are assigned for private reading. Essays are required at regular intervals.
Lectures on each subject are given in connection with the text-books
when deemed necessary. Three lectures a week.
Text-Books.—Genung's Practical Elements of Rhetoric; Genung's Hand-Book of
Rhetorical Analysis; Lectures on the Anglo-Saxon and the Norman Periods; Nicoll's
Landmarks of English Literature; Minto's Manual of English Prose Literature; Garnett's
Selections in English Prose; Ward's English Poets; Hawthorne and Lemmon's American
Literature. For Reference.—Saintsbury's History of Elizabethan Literature; Gosse's History
of Eighteenth Century Literature.
This is one of the B. A. courses in the School of English for 1892-'93.
The work will in future be given in the new School of English Literature..
M. A. COURSE.
Early English.—In this class the historical and philological study of the
language is pursued, the class beginning with its oldest forms, and tracing the
language, by the study of specimens, through its different periods to the formation
of modern English. After a thorough study of the grammar, selected
pieces of Old and Middle English prose and poetry are read, with a view to acquiring
a philological knowledge of the origin and structure of English. Lectures
on the position of English in the Indo-European family of languages, and
on the history of the language, are also given. Three lectures a week.
Text-Books.—Bright's Anglo-Saxon Reader; Morris and Skeat's Specimens of Early
English, Parts I. and II.; Cook's Sievers's Grammar of Old English; Earle's Anglo-Saxon
Literature. For Reference.—Ten Brink's Early English Literature; Brooke's History of
Early English Literature.
PH. D. COURSE.
This course is arranged to suit the needs of those students who desire to
pursue further their work in English Philology. It will comprise the further study
of Anglo-Saxon and Middle English works, especially of Anglo-Saxon poetry, or
the study of Gothic and the comparative Grammar of the Teutonic languages.
In addition to such examinations as may seem advisable, a dissertation will be
required, giving evidence of independent private study of some subject cognate
with the course pursued. The selection of the course and subject is left to the
student himself under the guidance of the Professor.
LINDEN KENT MEMORIAL SCHOOL OF ENGLISH LITERATURE.
Professor Kent
This School, recently founded upon a liberal donation from Mrs. Linden
Kent, of Washington, D. C., as a memorial to her late husband, a distinguished
alumnus of this University,[1]
will embrace the work offered in English Literature,
Rhetoric, and Belles Lettres. Three courses will be given.
The B. A. Course will comprise, first, a careful study of the principles of
style and invention in prose discourse, with abundant exercise in essay-writing
and in the critical analysis of selected specimens of English prose. The second
part of this course will consist of a general view of literature in England and
America. Critical essays will be required, and parallel reading will be prescribed.
The M. A. Course will be varied from year to year, but for the next session
will be devoted to the study of poetry. It will be divided into two parts,
which, however, are closely connected. First, by means of text books and the
Professor's lectures the class will study the principles of versification, the morphology
of verse, the forms of verse, the kinds of poetry, and the history of
English poetry. Class exercises of various kinds will be assigned from time to
time. The class will then proceed to a close study of the representative writers
of poetry in England and America. The work of the second part of the course
will be composed of assigned readings, lectures by the Professor, written criticisms
and oral discussions by the students. For graduation, in addition to the
usual examinations, a dissertation will be required, showing original and independent
work.
The Ph. D. Course will be in some measure adapted to the needs of the
students desiring to pursue it. Its purposes will be to cultivate more fully the
love of letters, to encourage independent and scholarly research, and to further
the art of literary expression. It will include the study of some writer, or school
of writers, or of some period or movement of literature, and will take into consideration
the political, social and literary characteristics of the time.
Text-books in the several courses will be assigned at the beginning of the session.
Linden Kent was born at Louisa Courthouse, Va., 26th December, 1846, and died
in Washington, D. C., 4th October, 1892. He entered the Confederate States Army in
1863, at the age of sixteen, and served through the rest of the civil war, until his capture at
Sailor's Creek, Amelia county, three days before Lee's surrender. In October, 1867, he
entered the University of Virginia, and remained three years as a student in the Academical
and Law Departments, being graduated in 1870 as B. L. During his connection with the
University he was medalist of the Washington Society and editor of the University Magazine.
Shortly after his graduation he removed to Alexandria, Va., and thence, in 1881, to
Washington, D. C. His career at the bar was eminently successful, and his entire life such
as to reflect dignity and distinction upon his Alma Mater.
CORCORAN SCHOOL OF HISTORICAL SCIENCE.
Political Economy and Science of Society.
Professor Holmes.
In this class there are two courses, each of three lectures a week throughout
the session. Political Economy will be prosecuted for the B. A., and Science of
Society for the M. A.
Political Economy.—In the treatment of this department of knowledge,
there is no rigid adherence to the school of Smith, Ricardo and Mill. The
modification of older doctrines, necessitated by the increase of productive inventions
and productive operations, is steadily regarded. Attention is paid to
the inquiries and criticisms of Thornton, Cairnes, Jevons, Marshall, etc.; and
the altered views propounded by Laveleye, Walker, and the school of the Cathedrists
and other German schools, are duly considered.
Text-Books.—Walker's Political Economy (advanced course); Mill's Political Economy
(abridged).
Science of Society.—In this is prosecuted the investigation of the laws
and movements, the growth, decay, and constitution of Societies, in the different
phases and stages of social development. The necessary organic functions of
Society are studied in their several forms. They are also regarded in their reciprocal
relations and in their conjoint action in successive forms of civilization.
All systems are interpreted; no ideal constitution is contemplated. The course
is descriptive of processes by which experienced results have been obtained, not
speculative in advocacy of theoretic dreams.
This Class is dependent on notes for the Lectures, as no text-book exists.
The Post-Graduate Course in this School, leading to the degree of
Ph. D., will be varied from year to year, but will always be designed to train
the student in original research and systematic exposition of the results. Special
topics will be studied, and such instructions and directions as may be required
to render the pursuit efficacious will be given throughout the session.
History.
Adjunct Professor Dabney.
General History.—In this class, which comprises the historical work
required for the B. A. degree, great stress is laid on the view that the career of
man, as revealed in History, is not a mere jumble of disconnected dates and
facts, but a continuous stream, having its sources and tributaries in the far-off
past, its outlet in the remote future. No attempt is made, however, to traverse
in the class-room the entire length of this stream; for, although constant efforts
are made to demonstrate the vital connection of nation with nation, of generation
with generation, and of anterior with ensuing conditions of historical development,
being required to fill the gaps by private reading. The periods, and, therefore,
the text-books studied, may be more or less varied each year. Three lectures
a week.
Text-Books.—Fisher's Outlines of Universal History; Smith's History of Greece;
Froude's Cæsar; Capes's Age of the Antonines; Church's Beginning of the Middle Ages;
Bryce's Holy Roman Empire; Seebohm's Era of the Protestant Revolution; Gardiner's
Thirty Years' War; Dabney's Causes of the French Revolution; Morris's French Revolution
and First Empire.
English and American History.—In this advanced class the principles
taught in the preceding course will be applied to a more special field; and
in order that the students may be encouraged to exercise independent thought
and judgment, they will be required to write essays on assigned topics. Graduates
in General History will derive most benefit from this course. It may be
taken, however, by others; and, as considerable attention will be paid to constitutional
development, students intending to study Law will find the course of
advantage. Candidates for the M. A. degree selecting History as one of their
four subjects must graduate both in this course and in the preceding. Three
lectures a week.
Text-Books.—Gardiner's History of England; Green's Short History of the English
People; Gardiner's Atlas of English History; Percy Greg's History of the United States;
Mac Coun's Historical Geography of the United States.
The Post-Graduate Course.—This course is designed for those students
who aim at the Ph. D. degree and expect to become professors of History.
A large amount of reading will be assigned, and frequent discussions of
important points will be held between student and professor. The aim will be
to cultivate the habit of original research; and, if History be the major subject
of a candidate for the doctorate, a dissertation embodying the fruits of such research
will be required.
SCHOOL OF MORAL PHILOSOPHY.
Professor Davis..
There are two classes arranged for two successive sessions.
The first class studies elementary Logic, Psychology and Ethics. Two
lectures a week throughout the session.
Text-Books.—The Professor's Elements of Deductive Logic, Elements of Psychology,
and Essay in Ethics.
The second class studies either advanced Logic, including Induction and
Ethics, or advanced Psychology and History of Philosophy. Three lectures a
week throughout the session.
Text-Books.—The Professor's Theory of Thought; Mill's Induction; Lotze's Grundzüge
der Psychologie; Höffding's Psychology; Janet's La Morale; Lotze's Grundzüge der
Praktischen Philosophie; Ueberweg's History of Philosophy.
The course of the first class may be taken for the B. A. degree; that of the
second for the M. A. The course for the Ph. D. degree embraces the History
of Philosophy, ancient and modern, with a special study of Aristotle and Kant,
and a course in Physiological Psychology.
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