 | University of Virginia catalogue |  |
PROFESSIONAL SCHOOLS.
LAW DEPARTMENT.
JOHN B. MINOR, LL. D . . . . . Professor of Common and Statute Law.
JAS. H. GILMORE . . . Professor of Constitutional and International Law, Equity, etc.
This Department is organized with a view to acquaint the student familiarly
and practically with the principles of his profession. The instruction is as
thorough as possible, and is given partly through text-books and partly
through lectures, with daily examination upon both.
A Moot-court, in connection with other instruction, tends to perfect the
student in the details of practice. Under the immediate supervision of the
Professors, he is required to pronounce opinions upon supposed cases; to
devise and institute remedies by suit or otherwise; to conduct suits at law
and in equity from their inception, through all their stages; to draw wills,
conveyances, and other assurances; and, in short, to perform most of the
functions of a practising lawyer.
The Department comprises two Schools, each of which is divided into
two classes, and the course of instruction is as follows:
SCHOOL OF COMMON AND STATUTE LAW.
Prof. Minor.
Junior Class.—Minor's Institutes of Common and Statute Law, namely
Vol. I., The Rights which Relate to the Person.
Vol. II., The Rights which Relate to Real Property.
Minor's Synopsis of Criminal Law.
Blackstone's Commentaries.
Senior Class.—Minor's Institutes of Common and Statute Law, namely:
Vol. IV., The Practice of the Law in Civil Cases, including Pleading
Vol. III., The Rights which Relate to Personal Property.
Stephen on Pleading.
For reference.—Virginia Code (1887); Revised Statutes of United States
SCHOOL OF CONSTITUTIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL
LAW, MERCANTILE LAW,
EVIDENCE, AND EQUITY.
Prof. Gilmore.
Junior Class.—Vattel's International Law, with Lectures; Lectures on Government;
Federalist.
Senior Class.—Smith's Mercantile Law; Greenleaf's Evidence; Adams's Equity, with
Lectures.
For Reference.—Stephen's Digest of the Law of Evidence (Chase's edition preferred)
DEGREE.
In the Department of Law, the degree of Bachelor of Law is conferred
upon those who, upon examination conducted in writing, manifest an intimate
acquaintance with the subjects taught in all the classes; and to those
who, upon like examination, exhibit a competent knowledge of International
and Constitutional Law, including the Science of Government, a Certificate
of Proficiency is awarded.
In order to obtain the degree, the whole of the course must be completed
here, no preliminary examination being had upon entering.
But a candidate for the degree of Bachelor of Law, who in a previous
session has become a Proficient in Constitutional and International Law, is
not required to stand examination in this subject anew. All other examina
tions must be passed in the year of graduation.
COURSE OF STUDY.
The course is designed for two sessions, and in general it is not prudent to
devote less time to it, the future professional success of the student depending
much upon his full mastery of it. It is a maxim sanctioned by long and
wide experience, that "he who is not a good lawyer when he comes to the
bar, will seldom be a good one afterwards." And in order to such thorough
acquaintance with the elements of the law, thought is requisite as well as
reading; and for the purpose of thought, there must be time to digest, as
well as industry to acquire. One cannot expect to gorge himself with law,
as a boa-constrictor does with masses of food, and then digest it afterwards;
beneficially, at the same time with the reception of the knowledge. So the
athlete judges, who wish to train the physical man to the most vigorous
development, and the intellectual athlete should imitate the example.
But whilst the student is advised, as a general rule, not to attempt to com
plete the course in a single session, yet, if he chooses to assay it (as some do
successfully), he is admitted to the graduating examinations, and if he attains
the standard required, he is entitled to the degree.
EXPENSES.
The necessary expenses of a student in the Law Department are, for the
session of nine months, as follows:
| University Fees— | |
| Matriculation | $ 25 |
| Infirmary Fee | 7 |
| Dormitory Rent (two in a room) | 15 |
| Tuition | 80 |
| Total of Fees | 127 |
| Living Expenses— | |
| Fuel, Lights and Washing | 25 |
| Board at $13 a Month | 117 |
| Total necessary expenses (board at $13) | $269 |
| Payable on entrance | $180 |
The sum payable on entrance includes a contingent deposit of $10, which
is credited in final settlement, and hence forms no part of the necessary
expenses. This deposit is assessed for damage to property, violation of
Library rules, and so on.
To the above total must be added the cost of books and stationery, about
$80 for the entire course, and the cost of a degree which, if taken, is $15.
The board at $13 is plain, but wholesome and abundant. Better board
can be had at $18 a month. At $18 the total necessary expenses will be
$314, of which $198 is payable on entrance.
For the entire course, if taken in one year, the total necessary expenses,
including books, will be $340 to $394, according to the price paid for board,
with the addition of $15 for the degree, if the degree is taken.
MEDICAL DEPARTMENT.
JAMES L. CABELL, M. A., M. D., LL. D....Professor of Physiology and Surgery.
J. W. MALLET, M. D., Ph. D., F. R. S.....Professor of General Chemistry.
WILLIAM B. TOWLES, M. D.....Professor of Anatomy and Materia Medica.
WILLIAM C. DABNEY, M. D.....Professor of Medicine, Obstetrics, etc.
RICHARD H. WHITEHEAD, M. D.....Demonstrator of Anatomy.
BERNARD WOLFF, M. D.....Assistant Demonstrator of Anatomy.
EDWARD M. MAGRUDER, M. D.....Instructor in Clinical Medicine.
COURSES OF STUDY IN GENERAL.
The session of the Medical Department continues through the full nine
months of the University session. This arrangement enables seven professors
and instructors to do thoroughly the work which is often allotted to a larger
number in institutions whose session is much shorter.
The importance of a knowledge of Chemistry, Anatomy and Physiology,
before commencing the study of the more practical branches, is fully recognized;
and the course of study is so arranged that during the first half session
the instruction is in these important elementary branches. During the
same time the subjects of Medical Jurisprudence and Obstetrics, especially
the mechanical features of the latter branch, are studied by the class.
The courses and methods of instruction in the several Schools of the
Department are as follows:
SCHOOL OF GENERAL CHEMISTRY.
Prof. Mallet.
In this School the students are taught thoroughly Chemical Physics and
the principles of Chemistry; and their attention is directed, whenever an
occasion presents itself, to the application of chemical principles to the practice
of Medicine, Therapeutics, Toxicology and Sanitary Science. (See
page 36.)
Text book.—Fownes's Chemistry. For reference.—Charles's Physiological and Pathologi
cal Chemistry; Wormley's Micro-Chemistry of Poisons
SCHOOL OF ANATOMY AND MATERIA MEDICA.
Prof. Towles.
I. Anatomy.—The instruction in Descriptive, Surgical, and Topographical
Anatomy is given by didactic lectures combined with the course of
Practical Anatomy as taught in the Dissecting Hall. The endeavor throughout
is to render the teaching as completely practical as possible; scarcely a
statement is made that is not illustrated by its exhibition, either on actual
dissection or on the preparation of a dissection, the effort being to convey
knowledge in the so-called natural method, that is, by mental imagery
formed by repeated observations of nature. This is accomplished by exhibiting
to the student and requiring him to handle the dissected parts and
preparations made therefrom. The equipment of the School for this purpose
is most ample; and, in addition to the numerous preparations and dissections,
there are models and anatomical paintings representing the greater part of
the anatomy of the body.
For the course in Practical Anatomy, dissecting material obtained under
the permissive law of the State is abundantly supplied without cost to the
student. Each medical student, however many sessions he may have
attended, is required to dissect under the constant and careful supervision
of the Demonstrator. Attendance in the dissecting-room is compulsory, a
strict record being kept in the case of each student. Besides the oral examination,
which precedes each lecture, and the other examinations to be mentioned
hereafter, each student is required to stand seven practical examinations
on anatomy, one upon osteology, four upon different parts of the
muscular system, one on the viscera, and one on the vessels and nerves.
These examinations are oral and private, each student being examined alone.
They consist of the identification of the truths of anatomy on the bones,
the cadaver, and the dissected cadaver, and are thus a perfect test of the
student's acquaintance with the gross structure of the human body.
II. Materia Medica and Therapeutics.—The lectures on Materia
Medica occur in the latter half of the session, after the student has obtained
the knowledge of the primary branches prerequisite to the proper understanding
of the subject. Particular stress is laid upon the physiological action
and rational therapeutical applications of drugs. The physical properties of
drugs are taught by requiring the student to learn them from specimens,
a complete collection being provided, which contains specimens both of all
the crude drugs and of all their preparations, which have been dealt with in
the lectures.
Text-books.—Bruce's Materia Medica and Therapeutics; United States Pharmacopœia, or
Index of Materia Medica. The student should provide himself, if possible, with specimens
of all the bones.
SCHOOL OF PHYSIOLOGY AND SURGERY.
Prof. Cabell.
I. In Physiology the lectures are illustrated by plates, and the students
are instructed in Histology as well as in Physiology proper. Much attention
is given throughout the course to the practical bearings of physiological and
histological facts on pathology, and their relations to the nature and treatment
of disease. Extra lectures are given, commencing about the middle
of December, at which the students are questioned on all that part of Physiology
which they have studied previously. It has been found that these
"review lectures" are very useful to the students as a preparation for the
final examinations.
II. In Surgery especial attention is given to the causation and pathology
of the various surgical affections, and the lectures are illustrated by
excellent paintings and by morbid specimens. The applications of splints
and apparatus for the different fractures and the details of minor surgery are
practically exhibited to the class.
Text-books.—Yeo's Manual of Physiology; Power's Human Physiology (American edition);
Wilson's Manual of Hygiene and Sanitary Science (5th edition, 1884); Ashurst's
Surgery; Klein's Histology. For Occasional Reference: Foster's Physiology; Landois's
Physiology; and a few monographs on special subjects.
SCHOOL OF MEDICINE, OBSTETRICS AND MEDICAL
JURISPRUDENCE.
Prof. Dabney.
I. In Medical Jurisprudence the student is instructed in the principles
of the science, and is taught how to apply these principles when he is summoned
as a witness in a court of law.
II. In Obstetrics instruction is given by lectures, and the mechanical
principles involved in the study are explained and illustrated by the use of
suitable preparations and models. The student is drilled in this part of the
subject during the early part of the course, and attention is subsequently
called to the diseases and accidents incident to pregnancy and the puerperal
state. Each student is also taught practically the various manipulations, both
manual and instrumental.
III. In Practice of Medicine especial attention is given to the principles
of the subject, the aim being to instruct the students as thoroughly as possible
in the causation of diseases and the morbid changes which occur in the
coarse and microscopic, and each student has the opportunity of examining
these specimens for himself. Each student furthermore is taught the method
of making a physical examination of a patient, and is required to learn, by
actual examination, under the supervision of the Professor, the normal appearances
and sounds in the different regions of the body and over the different
organs.
IV. Classes have also been established in Practical Microscopy. Attendance
is optional, but the desire to make good use of the opportunity thus
offered seems to be general. Each student is taught practically how to use
the microscope, to cut and stain sections of tissues, to examine urine and
blood, etc. In addition to a knowledge of microscopic manipulation thus
obtained, it is found that students can get a far clearer idea of morbid anatomy
and pathology in this way.
Text-books.—Reese's Medical Jurisprudence and Toxicology; Playfair's Midwifery (last
edition); Strümpell's Practice of Medioine; Flint's or Loomis's Physical Diagnosis; Payne's
Pathology; Friedlander's Practical Microscopy; Lewer's Diseases of Women.
CLINICAL INSTRUCTION.
A Free Dispensary and Hospital are now in operation near the University,
in which the students are taught the methods of examining patients
and the changes which occur in the normal functions of the body as a result of
disease. In recognition of the impossibility of giving practical instruction
by the ordinary clinical lectures, the class is divided into sections, so that
each student may have the opportunity of examining patients for himself,
under the guidance of the Professor. In addition to the patients who come
to the Dispensary, others who are too sick to attend are visited at their
homes.
METHODS OF INSTRUCTION.
The instruction is given by systematic lectures, daily oral and periodical
written examinations, with associated practical work in Anatomy and
Pathology.
The daily oral examinations on the subject of the previous lecture are of
great value in stimulating the student to regular and systematic habits of
study, and furnishing the Professor an opportunity of discovering and
removing the difficulties met with by the student. The Intermediate written
class with the form of the Final or graduating examinations, which are also
in writing and of a rigorous character.
Besides these examinations, there is a general oral review at the close of
the session on all the different branches on which the student has graduated
during either that session or some preceding one; this is intended to
test the permanent acquisition of such general knowledge as every practitioner
of medicine should possess. The Faculty have introduced these oral
reviews partly to prepare students more thoroughly for the State Examinations
in Virginia, and the other States which hold such examinations, as well as
for entrance into the Medical Corps of the Army and Navy and the Marine
Hospital service.
REQUISITES FOR GRADUATION.
Graduation in Medicine, as in other Departments of the University of
Virginia, does not depend upon the time which has been spent in the study
of medicine, but upon the preparation of the student, as indicated by rigid
examinations, which he is called upon to stand. Hence it is possible for a
diligent student to graduate in one session. But the severe and protracted
labor necessary for this purpose is attended with evils of which the
Medical Faculty is fully conscious; and it is considered far better for a
student to attend lectures for two sessions, giving his attention during the
first session to the subjects of Chemistry, Anatomy, and Physiology especially,
and endeavoring to obtain only such a general knowledge of the
other branches as will better enable him to complete the course and to profit
by the instruction of the second year.
DEGREE.
The Degree of Doctor of Medicine is conferred on one who has passed
examination in all the prescribed subjects of instruction in the Schools of
the Medical Department. A candidate who in a previous session has become
a Proficient in Anatomy, or Physiology, or Medical Jurisprudence, or a
Graduate in Chemistry, is not required to stand the written examination in
these subjects anew for his degree.
EXPENSES.
The necessary expenses of a student in the Medical Department are, for
the session of nine months, as follows:
| University Fees— | |
| Matriculation | $ 25 |
| Infirmary Fee | 7 |
| Dormitory Rent (two in a room) | 15 |
| Tuition (including fce for dissection) | 110 |
| Total of Fees | $157 |
| Living Expenses— | |
| Fuel, Lights and Washing | 25 |
| Board at $13 a Month | 117 |
| Total necessary expenses (board at $13) | $299 |
| Payable on entrance | $210 |
The sum payable on entrance includes a contingent deposit of $10, which
is credited in final settlement, and hence forms no part of the necessary
expenses. This deposit is assessed for damage to property, violation of Library
rules, and so on.
To the above total must be added the cost of books, stationery and dissecting
instruments, about $45 for the entire course, and the cost of a degree,
which, if taken, is $15. The books purchased will be of permanent value to
the student as part of his professional library.
The board at $13 is plain, but wholesome and abundant. Better board
can be had at $18 a month. At $18 the total necessary expenses will be $344,
of which $228 is payable on entrance.
For the entire course, if taken in one year, the necessary expenses, including
books, will be $335 to $389, according to the price paid for board, with
the addition of $15 for the degree, if the degree is taken.
COURSES IN GENERAL BIOLOGY AND ANALYTICAL
CHEMISTRY.
The especial attention of students of Medicine, and of those who are preparing
for entrance upon professional study, is invited to the courses in General
Biology (page 40), and in Analytical Chemistry (page 37). These subjects
furnish an admirable preparation for and enlargement of the strictly
professional course. The classes in Medical Chemistry and Practical Phar
macy (page 38), are designed particularly for students of Medicine; and the
latter is given without charge except for laboratory material to such of them
as engage to attend the entire course.
PHARMACEUTICAL DEPARTMENT.
JOHN W. MALLET, M. D., Ph., D., F. R. S. . . . Professor of General Chemistry.
FRANCIS P. DUNNINGTON, B. S. Professor of Analytical and Pharmaceutical Chemistry.
ALBERT H. TUTTLE, M. S. . . . . . Professor of Botany.
WILLIAM B. TOWLES, M. D. . . . . . Professor of Materia Medica.
This Department is designed to furnish thorough and practical instruction
in Pharmacy and in the sciences on which its principles rest. For this purpose
ample facilities are provided in the Scientific and Medical Department, both
in the way of teaching and in material equipment.
COURSE OF INSTRUCTION.
The Course of Instruction comprehends the classes of General Chemis
try (page 36), Analytical Chemistry (First Course, page 38), Botany (page
41), and Materia Medica (page 47). In the course in Analytical Chemistry
the Preparation of Medicines and the Detection of Adulterations in Drugs
are substituted for Fire Assaying and Determinative Mineralogy.
EQUIPMENT.
The Equipment consists in a very complete collection of chemical apparatus
for illustrating the lectures on General Chemistry; a large and well-arranged
Chemical Laboratory with all the necessary fittings and apparatus; a
similar Botanical Laboratory; a museum of Botany and an extensive Herbarium;
and a full set of specimens of Materia Medica.
DEGREE.
The degree of Graduate in Pharmacy is conferred on one who has passed
examination in all the above prescribed subjects of instruction. A well-trained
and laborious student will be able to accomplish the work in a single session
of nine months, as the course in Analytical Chemistry is completed before
the laboratory work in Botany begins.
EXPENSES.
The necessary Expenses of a student in the Department of Pharmacy,
with board at the lowest rate ($13), will be about $310, of which $220 must
be paid on entrance. This is exclusive of the cost of books, stationery and
chemical apparatus; and of the degree, which costs, if taken, $10.
ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT.
WILLIAM M. THORNTON. . . . . Professor of Applied Mathematics.
CHARLES S. VENABLE, LL. D. . . . . . Professor of Mathematics.
FRANCIS H. SMITH, M. A., LL. D. . . . . . Professor of Natural Philosophy.
JOHN W. MALLET, Ph. D., M. D., LL.D., F. R. S. . . . Professor of Chemistry.
F. P. DUNNINGTON, B. S. . . . . . Professor of Analytical Chemistry.
WM. M. FONTAINE, M. A. . . . . . Professor of Natural History and Geology.
JAMES S. MILLER . . . . . Instructor in Mathematics and Physics.
JOHN K. PEEBLES, B. S., C. E. . . . . . Instructor in Applied Mathematics.
This department is designed to furnish intending engineers thorough and
practical instruction in the principles of Engineering and the sciences connected
therewith. For this purpose, in addition to the Schools of Mathematics,
Natural Philosophy, Chemistry, Natural History and Geology, and
Analytical Chemistry, the School of Mathematics Applied to Engineering
has been established. For the first five Schools the courses of instruction
are given in detail in the Scientific Department.
SCHOOL OF APPLIED MATHEMATICS.
Prof. Thornton.
In this School there are three classes—the Junior, Intermediate and Senior.
To each class three lectures a week are given through the session.
The Junior Class studies during the first half-session Engineering
Geodesy. The construction and use of the field instruments of the engineer
are carefully explained in the lectures and minutely illustrated in the field.
The student is then instructed in the best methods of Land, City, Topographic,
Hydrographic, and Railway Surveying and Location, and is taught
how to construct maps and plans, and estimate quantities.
The second half-session is given to the study of the principles of Descriptive
Geometry and its applications in engineering. These include the construction
of Orthogonal, Axonometric and Perspective Projections of polyedra
and curved surfaces, Shades and Shadows, and Stereotomy.
The Intermediate Class studies during the first half-session Applied
Mechanics. The fundamental principles of the doctrine of motion, force
important problems in the Statics of Rigid and Elastic Solids. On this
basis a careful analysis is made of the simpler engineering structures, such as
roofs, ordinary highway and railway bridges, braced piers, girders, retaining
walls and reservoir dams; and the student is instructed in the best methods
of determining the straining actions and designing the elements and details
of these structures.
During the second half-session Road and Railroad Engineering is
studied. The economical and topographical principles of location are carefully
explained and are illustrated by practical work in the field, embracing
the complete study of a projected line from the preliminary survey to the
final location. The methods for the construction of the roadbed are then
given; the sources and properties of building-materials are discussed, and
the methods for the location and erection of structures in masonry, timber
and iron-work and their foundations are explained; and the construction
and maintenance of the tracks of railways, highways and tramways are
taught.
The Senior Class studies during the first half-session Bridge Construction.
The elements of the general theory of Elasticity are explained
and applied to the analysis and design, both of the simpler and of the more
complex structures, such as Continuous Girders (including Cantilever and
Pivot Draw Bridges), Elastic Arches, and Suspension Bridges. Types of
all the more important forms of bridge construction are worked out in detail.
The general considerations which affect the location of bridges and the methods
of erection are then examined. And the modern methods for the construction
of deep foundations are fully reviewed.
The subject of Hydraulic and Sanitary Engineering occupies the
second half-session. The principles of Hydraulics are investigated and
worked out in their more important applications. These include the study
of water-supply and sewerage systems for cities; the methods for the utilization
and disposal of sewage; the drainage of lands and the reclamation
of swamps; the location and construction of navigable canals, and the control
and canalization of rivers.
The Method of Instruction in all the classes unites an exact exposition
and drill in theory, with constant practice in the field and at the drawing-board.
The student learns first the accurate and rapid use of field and
drafting instruments by numerous easy exercises in Geodesy and Drawing
under the instructor. He is then required to execute independent surveys
and locations for projected works and to prepare the necessary maps and
plans and estimates of quantities. In like manner he is taught the best
methods for designing by means of careful reviews, by the Professor, of existing
structures, make all the requisite drawings and computations, and
prepare bills of material and specifications for the construction.
To facilitate the instruction the University has provided a large and well-lighted
drawing-hall, a supply of well-made field instruments, and a collection
of drawings and models illustrating American and foreign Engineering
practice.
The degree of Civil Engineer is conferred upon the completion of the
course specified on page 60. This may be accomplished by a well-prepared
and laborious student in two sessions; but it will be usually desirable
to devote three sessions to the work.
The following arrangements of studies are recommended:
Two-Year Course:
I. Junior and Intermediate Applied Mathematics; Intermediate Mathematics;
Physics; Chemistry.
II. Senior Applied Mathematics; Senior Mathematics or Natural Philosophy;
Geology; Descriptive or Determinative Mineralogy.
Three-Year Course:
I. Junior Applied Mathematics; Intermediate Mathematics; Physics.
II. Intermediate Applied Mathematics; Senior Mathematics or Natural
Philosophy; Chemistry.
III. Senior Applied Mathematics; Geology; Descriptive or Determinative
Mineralogy.
The preparation necessary is an accurate knowledge of the elements of
Algebra, Geometry and Plane Trigonometry.
The necessary expenses, with board at the lowest rate ($13 a month), will
be about $290 a session, exclusive of books, stationery and drawing materials.
Virginians save $50 in tuition.
Candidates for the degree of Mining Engineer substitute for the Senior
work courses in Machine Design and Exploitation of Mines, based on
the corresponding courses in the Paris Êcole des Mines. Students of Agricultural
Engineering have the Junior and Intermediate work only.
AGRICULTURAL DEPARTMENT.
| A. H. TUTTLE, M. S. | Professor of Biology and Agriculture. |
| FRANCIS H. SMITH, M. A., LL. D. | Professor of Natural Philosophy. |
| JOHN W. MALLET, M. D., Ph. D., F. R. S. | Professor of Chemistry. |
| F. P. DUNNINGTON, B. S. | Professor of Analytial and Agricultural Chemistry. |
| WM. M. FONTAINE, M. A. | Professor of Natural History and Geology. |
| WM. M. THORNTON | Professor of Mathematics Applied to Engineering. |
| J. F. SLAUGHTER, President. | |
| JOHN M. WHITE, | S. V. SOUTHALL, |
| RANDOLPH HARRISON, | H. W. JONES, |
| GEORGE W. PALMER, | B. JOHNSON BARBOUR |
| R. T. W. DUKE, Secretary. | |
This Department is founded on the gift of one hundred thousand dollars
by the late Samuel Miller, of Lynchburg, Va., for the establishment of a
Department of Agriculture in the University of Virginia.
The Course of Instruction is arranged as follows:
I. General Biology (page 38); Physics (page 33); Chemistry (page 34);
Geology and Mineralogy (page 37).
II. Industrial Chemistry (page 35); Practical Biology (page 38); Applied
Mathematics (page 51).
III. Analytical and Agricultural Chemistry (page 35); Agriculture (page
39); Applied Mathematics (page 51).
The Method of Instruction is by systematic lectures, daily oral and
periodical written examinations. With this is combined the study of suitable
text-books, and in the laboratory courses a large amount of practical
work performed under the supervision of the Professor.
The Miller Scholarship is awarded at the end of each session in honor
of the founder of the Agricultural Department. The emoluments consist of
$250 a session, with free tuition in the Schools of the Agricultural Department.
The degree of Bachelor of Scientific Agriculture is conferred on one
who has passed examination in all of the above subjects. The course is
designed to cover a period of three sessions.
The necessary Expenses of a student in the Department of Agriculture,
with board at the lowest rate ($13), will be about $290 a session, exclusive
of books, stationery and laboratory materials. Virginians save $50 to $100
in tuition.
| University of Virginia catalogue | |