 | The University of Virginia record March 15, 1934 |  |
COURSES OF INSTRUCTION
In the following description of courses, the number of hours represents
the amount of time each student devotes to the course. In addition to the
hours scheduled in the third and fourth years of the course, each student
devotes a considerable amount of time to practical work which does not appear
in the schedule, but the satisfactory performance of which is essential
to graduation. Thus the taking of histories, the visits to his cases in the
hospital, assisting at operations, attendance upon cases of labor, the employment
of microscopical and chemical methods of diagnosis in the hospital, require
much time which it has not seemed possible to record in a rigid
schedule.
The session, exclusive of the time devoted to examination, is divided
into a first term of twelve weeks, a second term of ten weeks, and a third
term of ten weeks.
First Year
Anatomy 1: 19 hours weekly during the first term and 12 hours weekly
during the second term. This course begins with a systematic study of the bones,
on the completion of which a part is assigned to each student for dissection and
study. On the completion of this course each student has dissected a lateral half
of the body. The student obtains his knowledge at first hand and by his own
personal efforts.
Dr. Bean. Dr. Speidel and Assistants.
Anatomy 2: 6 hours weekly during the second term. This course consists
of a laboratory study of the anatomy of the central nervous system carried out in
considerable detail. The gross anatomy of the spinal cord and brain is first
considered, on the completion of which sections of the more important regions are
studied with the aid of the microscope. Fresh brains and series of sections of
the cord and brain are thoroughly used. A reconstruction of the central nervous
system showing the more important pathways is prepared by each student.
Dr. Speidel.
Histology: 4 lectures or recitations and 10 hours of laboratory work weekly
during the first term. This course aims to acquaint the student with the microscopic
structure of tissues and organs. Cytogenesis and histogenesis are briefly
considered in the case of many tissues studied. The relation of histology to
physiology and pathology is constantly kept in view. The student is also given
opportunity to acquaint himself with the principles and practice of histological
technique.
Dr. Jordan and Dr. Kindred.
Embryology: 7 hours weekly during the second term. The laboratory work
(5 hours weekly) with sections and dissections of mammalian embryos, is supplemented
by lectures, recitations, and the study of models. The course aims to
give the student a knowledge of developmental processes, in the light of which
he may the better understand the more abstruse normal conditions of adult
anatomy, as well as many anomalies and variations.
Dr. Jordan and Dr. Kindred.
Bacteriology: Lectures, conferences and laboratory work 12 hours weekly
during the third term. The object of this course is to acquaint the student with the
microörganisms which are of importance to man and his environment, the methods
used in their study and identification. The fundamentals of infection and immunity
are taught. So far as practicable the material studied is obtained from the
environment, from the body surfaces and excretions of normal individuals, and
from the body surfaces, excretions, secretions and exudates of the persons with
various common pathological conditions. The student is thus introduced to the
etiology of infectious disease and some of the factors involved in resistance.
Through a consideration of selected bacteriologic and immunologic studies the
basis is laid for the later study of epidemiology and preventive medicine.
Dr. Maxcy and Assistants.
Biochemistry: Lectures and laboratory, 9 hours weekly during the second
and third terms. Course comprises the chemistry of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates;
attention is devoted to the chemical physiology of digestion, secretion,
excretion, internal secretion, intermediary metabolism, and nutrition. Laboratory
work includes the study of carbohydrates, fats, proteins, purine compounds,
etc.; gastric contents, blood, milk, and urine; the digestive enzymes and the
digestion of foods; and extensive qualitative and quantitative work on urine.
Dr. Chanutin and Assistants.
Second Year
Physiology: Lectures, conferences, and demonstrations, 5 hours weekly during
the first term, and 4 hours during the second term; laboratory work, 7 hours
weekly during the first term, 3 hours weekly during the second term. In the
lecture course attention is drawn to the fundamental branches of the subject, and
the more difficult aspects are thoroughly discussed. Recent important physiological
contributions are evaluated, and the student is directed further to consult various
monographs and original papers.
The laboratory work consists of preliminary elemental experiments on the
neuromuscular system, followed by intensive courses in mammalian and in human
physiology. The latter are designed particularly to train students to observe and
record, and to interpret and make deductions from their results. Suggestive outlines
only are provided for the experimental studies. The course is particularly
devised to stimulate and correlate the student's consideration of the activities of
the organism as a whole. Emphasis is given to those branches of physiology which
should prove valuable in later work in medicine.
Dr. Britton, Dr. Corey and Assistants.
Pathology: 8 hours weekly during the first term; 11 hours weekly during
the second term, and 9 hours weekly during the third term. By a systematic
series of lectures, combined with demonstrations of both gross and microscopic
preparations, the various morbid conditions of the body are presented. In the
laboratory, under supervision, the student personally examines all of the gross
material and devotes considerable time to the study of the loan-collection of slides
with which he is provided.
In addition to this systematic portion of the course an attempt is made to
acquaint the students with fresh tissues and disease as seen at the autopsy table.
With this end in view the class is divided into small groups of students each of
which assists at a limited number of autopsies. Fresh tissues are demonstrated
during class hours and, whenever possible, autopsies are performed before the entire
class.
Dr. Cash, Dr. Scherer, Dr. Jarman and Dr. Scott.
Materia Medica: Lectures and recitations 3 hours weekly and laboratory
work 4 hours weekly, during the first three-fourths of the first term. A thorough
study is made of the sources, preparation, composition, properties and interactions
of medicinal substances to the end that they may be intelligently prescribed.
Special attention is paid to their standardization for purity and potency. Prescription
writing and incompatibility are dealt with in frequent practical exercises.
While the consideration of the more important preparations of the Pharmacopeia
allotted time, the course is concluded with a critical study of many of the so-called
patent medicines.
Dr. J. A. Waddell and Dr. Moir.
Toxicology: Lectures and recitations 3 hours weekly and laboratory work
4 hours weekly, during the last quarter of the first term. A systematic review
is made of the pharmacological action of such chemic agents as are particularly
liable to cause injury to health or loss of life, special attention being given to
their quantitative effects. Practical instruction is given in the methods of isolating
and identifying. The treatment of poisoning is dealt with in detail.
Dr. J. A. Waddell and Dr. Moir.
Pharmacology: Lectures, recitations and demonstrations 4 hours weekly and
laboratory work 9 hours weekly, during the second term. The physical and
chemical characteristics and the mode of action of representative drugs and other
chemic agents are dealt with in both didactic and practical exercises. Special
attention is given to analysing and interpreting the results obtained in the laboratory.
Dr. J. A. Waddell, Dr. Moir and Assistants.
Physical Diagnosis and Theory and Practice of Medicine: 3 hours weekly
during the second term and 4 hours weekly during the third term. Instruction
is given by didactic lectures, quizzes, presentation of selected clinical cases and
bedside study of physical signs. Special attention is given at the beginning of
the course to the study of the normal subject.
Dr. Flippin, Dr. Mulholland, Dr. Wood, Dr. Blackford and Dr. Swineford.
Surgery and Gynecology: 3 hours of lecture and 1 hour of amphitheatre
clinic during the third term. An introductory course in surgery. Lectures cover
the subjects of wound healing, surgical bacteriology and general pathological
processes of surgical importance, such as tumors, and diseases of the general
systems of the body. Regional surgery is not included. In the amphitheatre
clinic there are presented illustrations of many types of wounds and the progress
of the process of healing with and without infection.
Dr. Lehman and Dr. Goodwin.
Clinical Diagnosis: 6 hours weekly during the third term. In this course
the student is made familiar with those laboratory methods which are helpful in
the diagnosis of disease. These include, among others, the examination of blood,
urine, sputum, gastric contents, feces, spinal fluid, exudates and transudates.
Dr. Bray.
Third Year
Clinical Diagnosis: 6 hours weekly during the first term. This course completes
the work begun in the second year.
Dr. Bray.
Theory and Practice of Medicine: 4 hours weekly of lectures, recitations
and amphitheatre clinics during two terms of the session; practical work in the
class is divided into three sections. Students assigned to medicine for one term
of the year act as clinical clerks in the wards of the hospital, where they are held
responsible for history taking and physical and laboratory examinations of patients
assigned to them. (Also see Phthisiotherapy.)
Dr. Flippin, Dr. Mulholland, Dr. Wood, Dr. Blackford and Dr. Swineford.
Dermatology and Syphilology: 2 hours weekly of lectures during the third
term, supplemented by clinics in the out-patient department. The importance,
etiology, prophylaxis, pathology, clinical history, diagnosis and treatment of
syphilis are discussed. After review of the anatomic and histologic structure and
physiology of the skin the diseases commonly met with are discussed. The main
object in this course is not to train specialists but to give students basic information
regarding the diagnosis and treatment of the common skin diseases and
syphilis. The relationship of these to other branches of medicine is emphasized.
This subject is completed in the fourth year, q. v.
Dr. Smith and Assistants.
Surgery and Gynecology: 2 hours weekly of lectures and 1 hour of recitation
during the second term; 2 hours weekly of recitation during the third term;
2 hours weekly of amphitheatre clinic throughout the session; with 60 hours attendance
in the out-patient department during the term. Lectures in the third
year are limited to special subjects such as gynecology, thoracic surgery and
neuro-surgery. Regional surgery is covered through the hours of recitation. One
weekly amphitheatre clinic is devoted to clinical observation and interpretation.
The second weekly clinic, shared by the fourth-year students, covers a more comprehensive
view of disease including the principles of treatment.
The out-patient department course gives opportunities for diagnosis and treatment
of clinical cases under close personal supervision. Experience in dressings,
bandaging, anesthesia and minor surgery is afforded. Surgical appliances and
technique are demonstrated to the students, divided into small groups. In addition,
the out-patient department affords practice in physical examination, diagnosis and
treatment.
Dr. Lehman, Dr. Goodwin, Dr. Morton and Dr. Drash.
Urology and Proctology: 2 lectures weekly for the first term; approximately
36 hours in the out-patient department. In the classroom a general survey
of the surgery of the genito-urinary tract and rectum is made by lectures and
recitations. Especial emphasis is placed upon modern methods of diagnosis
and treatment. In the out-patient department, one-eighth of the class at a time
obtains supervised experience in handling clinical cases and performing minor
operations. Opportunity is afforded for the observation of cystoscopic and
proctoscopic procedures.
Dr. Neff and Dr. Wolff.
Orthopedics: 2 hours weekly during the second and third terms, supplemented
by practical work in the out-patient department. This course gives a
general conception of the principles of Orthopedic Surgery with detailed instruction
Orthopedic Text and cases are demonstrated for illustration. Quizzes are held on
the subjects covered. The course includes fractures and their treatment.
Dr. Funsten and Dr. Ergenbright.
Phthisiotherapy: 1 hour of lecture 3 times a week for two weeks, with each
opening of the session, to the entire class; 6 hours weekly for six weeks, with each
of the six sections of the class; and 2 hours weekly in the out-patient department.
The work is given in 3 two-hour sessions a week, held at the Blue Ridge Sanatorium,
and consists of demonstrations, ward rounds and assignment of cases for
history taking and physical examination. At the end of each clinic session the
case history, physical signs, X-ray plates and laboratory findings are compared in
conference. The procedure followed aims to instruct in the diagnosis and treatment
of tuberculosis by systematically presenting each step separately at first
and later combining them all in the full consideration of the case, including the
management and treatment of the patient both in institutions and private practice.
Dr. Brown, Dr. Stafford and Dr. Shelton.
Obstetrics and Gynecology: 3 hours of lectures and recitations weekly during
first and second terms for the entire class, supplemented by approximately 60
hours of practical work for one-half term in sections. In the lectures and recitations,
the physiology and pathology of pregnancy, labor, and puerperium are discussed.
The practical work for small groups of students comprises manikin exercises,
ward rounds, abdominal palpation of pregnant patients and experience in
prenatal care and pelvic examinations and diagnosis in the out-patient department.
In addition an opportunity is afforded each student for observation of deliveries
and obstetric procedures in the labor rooms.
Dr. Williams and Dr. Nokes.
Pediatrics: 28 hours during the first term and 30 hours during the second
term are devoted to classroom lectures. Students are instructed in the wards of
the hospital twice a week in ward rounds. In addition, all students serve as
clinical clerks and have cases assigned them for their personal care under the
direction of a professor or instructor. Clinics are held from time to time in
the rural sections, students of the third year being used as assistants in this
work. They are also required to go into the milk laboratory and acquire
knowledge of the preparation of formulae through practical experience. One
day each week a well-child clinic is held during which normal growth and development
are studied. Instruction is also given in the causes and prevention of
malformations of the mouth and their correction by orthodontia.
Dr. Royster and Dr. W. W. Waddell.
Sanitation, Statistics and Epidemiology: 3 hours weekly during the third
term. In a study of the epidemiology of typhoid fever, through lectures and field
trips, the student is acquainted with the problems of water pollution and purification,
soil pollution and sewage treatment, contamination and safeguarding of milk
supplies, environmental sanitation and its control by an organized health agency.
Instruction is given in the fundamentals of medical statistics and in the technique
of epidemiological investigation.
Dr. McQuade, Mr. Williamson and Mr. Neblett.
Fourth Year
Theory and Practice of Medicine: 3 hours weekly of amphitheatre clinics,
lectures and conferences. Daily work in the out-patient department or wards of
the hospital during one-third of the year; the practical work is a continuation of
that of the third year. In this course the endeavor is also made to bring to the
attention of the senior student the more important problems of Internal Medicine.
The relationship of recent investigations in the fields of normal and pathological
physiology, biochemistry, immunology, etc., to internal diseases is especially emphasized.
No textbook is read; students are referred to the files, current issues
of journals and to reference works in the Medical Library as sources of information.
Appropriate time is devoted to medical ethics and economics.
Dr. Flippin, Dr. Mulholland, Dr. Wood, Dr. Blackford, Dr. Swineford
and Dr. Hart.
Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology: 2 hours weekly during the first
two terms. The primary object of this course is to interest the student in the
practice of preventive medicine. By lectures, clinics and demonstrations the
epidemiology of each of the common communicable diseases is presented. The student
is encouraged to consider these diseases not solely from the point of view of
diagnosis and treatment in the individual case, but to understand the environmental
factors and biologic conditions which are responsible for its maintenance and
propagation in nature, and the possibilities of control or prevention, through the
efforts of the private physician or the functioning of organized public health agencies.
Dr. Maxcy and Dr. McQuade.
Dermatology and Syphilology: 2 hours weekly of lectures during the first
term, continuing the course begun in the third year. A total of 24 hours scheduled
clinical work in the wards and out-patient department for each senior student.
Elective courses for more intensive study are available for senior students.
Dr. Smith and Assistants.
Neurology and Psychiatry: 3 lectures weekly during the first term and
2 lectures weekly during the second term, supplemented by clinical demonstrations
and ward rounds. This course aims primarily to present the fundamentals of general
psychiatry. It attempts further to correlate neurology and psychiatry. A
special study is made of the more common neuroses and borderline psychoses.
Dr. Wilson.
Surgery and Gynecology: 1 hour weekly of surgical clinic throughout
the session; 7 hours weekly of ward classes, supplemented by clinic work in the
wards and operating room for one trimester with each of the three sections of
the class. Instruction in surgery is carried on by clinics and bedside demonstrations
in the hospital. In the wards the students are assigned patients, whose histories
they must take. They must also make complete physical examinations, urine
analyses, blood examinations, etc. In the ward rounds the diagnosis, operative
and other treatment, post-operative care of the cases, complications, prognosis,
etc., are discussed in detail. A large variety of cases is available and the close
contact of the students with their cases and with the routine of hospital management
rooms the students, in small groups, take part in the operations, thus acquiring
familiarity with technique, anesthetization, etc.
In gynecology, urology and orthopedics the students have the same general
work as in surgery, consisting of the examination and the recording of the cases
in the public wards, attendance on ward rounds, at which the cases are discussed,
and observation and assistance in the operating rooms.
Dr. Lehman, Dr. Goodwin, Dr. Neff, Dr. Funsten, Dr. Morton, Dr.
Drash and Dr. McSwain.
Roentgenology: Lectures, and practical demonstrations to the class in sections
throughout the year. The application of the X-rays to medicine and the
interpretation of plates in diagnosis.
Dr. Archer, Dr. Wissler and Dr. Davidson.
Orthopedics: 2 hours weekly of ward classes for one semester with each
section of the class, supplemented by ward work and fracture experience.
Dr. Funsten and Dr. Ergenbright.
Surgical Pathology: 1 hour weekly during one-third the session. This
course is intended to supplement the general courses in pathology and surgery and
consists of lectures upon the pathology of surgical lesions, demonstrations of fresh
tissues obtained from the operating rooms, and examination of microscopic sections.
Dr. Lehman and Assistants.
Obstetrics and Gynecology: 1 hour weekly for the entire class throughout
the second and third terms. These exercises consist of clinical demonstrations and
discussion of special problems in Obstetrics and Gynecology. One-half section for
18 hours weekly for one-half term. The work comprises operative obstetrical
procedures on the manikin, ward rounds and demonstrations of obstetrical and
gynecological procedures. In addition, practical experience is given in prenatal,
parturient and postpartum care as well as pelvic examinations and diagnosis in
the wards, out-patient departments and labor rooms of the hospital.
Dr. Williams and Dr. Nokes.
Pediatrics: Each section serves 2½ hours daily in the out-patient department.
The observation and recording of symptoms and signs and a definite amount
of diagnosis and treatment are taught. 12 hours during each term are devoted
to case conference in which an intensive course is given in record keeping with an
explanation of the significance of the signs and symptoms elicited during examination.
12 hours during this term are given to field work which consists of the
observation of home conditions and the preparation of a general sociological survey
under the supervision of the Social Service Worker. Students are then
sent out under supervision for an independent report.
Dr. Royster and Dr. W. W. Waddell.
Medical Jurisprudence: 1 lecture weekly during one term of the fourth
year. The application of medical knowledge and skill to the needs of the law is
presented. References to literature are assigned for the fuller development
of special topics.
Dr. J. A. Waddell.
Diseases of the Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat: 2 lectures weekly during the
last two terms, supplemented by regular two- or three-hour clinics 3 times a week
throughout the session and clinical lectures to sections of the class as suitable cases
occur. The class is divided into small sections and each student is taught the
methods of examination and the use of the ophthalmoscope, otoscope, head mirror,
and of the laryngeal mirror. In the clinics each patient is assigned to a student,
who must take the history and keep the record of that patient; the case is then
demonstrated by the professor in charge, and, if possible, each student makes his
own examination under the personal supervision of the attending physician. Clinical
cases are abundant, and during the year the student sees and handles practically
all the common diseases of the eye, ear and upper respiratory tract.
Dr. Hedges, Dr. Woodward, Dr. Tunstall and Dr. Burton.
| The University of Virginia record March 15, 1934 | |