COURSES OF INSTRUCTION
In the following description of courses, the number of hours represents
the amount of time each student devotes to the course. In addition to the
hours scheduled in the third and fourth years of the course, each student
devotes a considerable amount of time to practical work which does not appear
in the schedule, but the satisfactory performance of which is essential
to graduation. Thus the taking of histories, the visits to his cases in the
hospital, assisting at operations, attendance upon cases of labor, the employment
of microscopical and chemical methods of diagnosis in the hospital, require
much time which it has not seemed possible to record in a rigid
schedule.
The session, exclusive of the time devoted to examination, is divided
into a first term of twelve weeks, a second term of ten weeks, and a third
term of ten weeks.
First Year
Anatomy 1: 19 hours weekly during the first term and 12 hours weekly
during the second term. This course begins with a systematic study of the bones,
on the completion of which a part is assigned to each student for dissection and
study. On the completion of this course each student has dissected a lateral half
of the body. The student obtains his knowledge at first hand and by his own
personal efforts.
Dr. Bean and Dr. Speidel.
Anatomy 2: 6 hours weekly during the second term. This course consists
of a laboratory study of the anatomy of the central nervous system carried out in
considerable detail. The gross anatomy of the spinal cord and brain is first
considered, on the completion of which sections of the more important regions are
studied with the aid of the microscope. Fresh brains and series of sections of
the cord and brain are thoroughly used. A reconstruction of the central nervous
system showing the more important pathways is prepared by each student.
Dr. Speidel.
Histology: 4 lectures or recitations and 10 hours of laboratory work weekly
during the first term. This course aims to acquaint the student with the microscopic
structure of tissues and organs. Cytogenesis and histogenesis are briefly
considered in the case of many tissues studied. The relation of histology to
physiology and pathology is constantly kept in view. The student is also given
opportunity to acquaint himself with the principles and practice of histological
technique.
A record of 70 per cent. in this course is required for admission to Physiology,
and of 80 per cent. for admission to Pathology.
Dr. Jordan and Dr. Kindred.
Embryology: 7 hours weekly during the second term. The laboratory work
(5 hours weekly) with sections and dissections of mammalian embryos, is supplemented
by lectures, recitations, and the study of models. The course aims to
give the student a knowledge of developmental processes, in the light of which
he may the better understand the more abstruse normal conditions of adult
anatomy, as well as many anomalies and variations.
Dr. Jordan and Dr. Kindred.
Bacteriology: Lectures, conferences and laboratory work 12 hours weekly
during the third term. The object of this course is to acquaint the student with the
microörganisms which are of importance to man and his environment, the methods
used in their study and identification. The fundamentals of infection and immunity
are taught. The student learns the common procedures used in the
diagnosis and treatment of infectious disease. So far as practicable the material
studied is obtained from the environment, from the body surfaces and excretions
of normal individuals, and from the body surfaces, excretions, secretions and
exudates of the persons with various common pathological conditions. The student
is thus introduced to the etiology of infectious disease and some of the factors
involved in resistance. Through a consideration of selected bacteriologic and
immunologic studies the basis is laid for the later study of epidemiology and
preventive medicine.
Dr. Maxcy and Dr. Derrick.
Biochemistry: Lectures and laboratory, 9 hours weekly during the second
and third terms. Course comprises the chemistry of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates;
digestion, intestinal putrefaction, feces; blood, milk, and bile; particular
attention is devoted to the chemical physiology of digestion, secretion,
excretion, internal secretion, intermediary metabolism, and nutrition. Laboratory
work includes the study of carbohydrates, fats, proteins, purine compounds,
etc.; gastric contents, blood, milk, and urine; the digestive enzymes and the
digestion of foods; and extensive qualitative and quantitative work on urine.
A grade of 70 per cent. on this course is required for admission to Physiology.
Dr. Chanutin and Assistants.
Second Year
Physiology: Lectures, conferences, and demonstrations, 5 hours weekly during
the first term, and 4 hours during the second term; laboratory work, 7 hours
weekly during the first term, 3 hours weekly during the second term. In the
lecture course attention is drawn to the fundamental branches of the subject, and
the more difficult aspects are thoroughly discussed. Recent important physiological
contributions are evaluated, and the student is directed further to consult various
monographs and original papers.
The laboratory work consists of preliminary elemental experiments on the
neuromuscular system, followed by intensive courses in mammalian and in human
physiology. The latter are designed particularly to train students to observe and
record, and to interpret and make deductions from their results. Suggestive outlines
only are provided for the experimental studies. The course is particularly
devised to stimulate and correlate the student's consideration of the activities of
the organism as a whole. Emphasis is given to those branches of physiology which
should prove valuable in later work in medicine.
Open only to students who have obtained grades of 70 per cent. in Histology
and Biochemistry. An average grade of 70 per cent. and the satisfactory completion
of the laboratory work of this course is necessary for admission to Pharmacology.
Dr. Britton, Dr. Corey and Mr. Silvette.
Pathology: 8 hours weekly during the first term; 11 hours weekly during
the second term, and 9 hours weekly during the third term. By a systematic
series of lectures, combined with demonstrations of both gross and microscopic
preparations, the various morbid conditions of the body are presented. In the
laboratory, under supervision, the student personally examines all of the gross
material and devotes considerable time to the study of the loan-collection of slides
with which he is provided.
In addition to this systematic portion of the course an attempt is made to
acquaint the students with fresh tissues and disease as seen at the autopsy table.
With this end in view the class is divided into small groups of students each of
which assists at a limited number of autopsies. Fresh tissues are demonstrated
during class hours and, whenever possible, autopsies are performed before the entire
class.
Dr. Cash, Dr. Scherer, Dr. Meriwether and Dr. Derrick.
Materia Medica: Lectures and recitations 3 hours weekly and laboratory
work 4 hours weekly, during the first three-fourths of the first term. A thorough
study is made of the sources, preparation, composition, properties and interactions
of medicinal substances to the end that they may be intelligently prescribed.
Special attention is paid to their standardization for purity and potency. Prescription
writing and incompatibility are dealt with in frequent practical exercises.
While the consideration of the more important preparations of the Pharmacopeia
and the New and Non-Official Remedies consumes the greater portion of the
allotted time, the course is concluded with a critical study of many of the so-called
patent medicines.
Dr. J. A. Waddell and Mr. Moir.
Toxicology: Lectures and recitations 3 hours weekly and laboratory work
4 hours weekly, during the last quarter of the first term. A systematic review
is made of the pharmacological action of such chemic agents as are particularly
liable to cause injury to health or loss of life, special attention being given to
their quantitative effects. Practical instruction is given in the methods of isolating
and identifying. The treatment of poisoning is dealt with in detail.
Dr. J. A. Waddell and Mr. Moir.
Pharmacology: Lectures, recitations and demonstrations 4 hours weekly and
laboratory work 9 hours weekly, during the second term. The physical and
chemical characteristics and the mode of action of representative drugs and other
chemic agents are dealt with in both didactic and practical exercises. Special
attention is given to analysing and interpreting the results obtained in the laboratory.
An average grade of 70 per cent. on Physiology, together with the satisfactory
completion of the laboratory work of Physiology is required for admission
to the course.
Dr. J. A. Waddell, Mr. Moir and Assistants.
Physical Diagnosis and Theory and Practice of Medicine: 3 hours weekly
during the second term and 4 hours weekly during the third term. Instruction
is given by didactic lectures, quizzes, presentation of selected clinical cases and
bedside study of physical signs. Special attention is given at the beginning of
the course to the study of the normal subject.
Dr. Flippin, Dr. Mulholland, Dr. Wood, Dr. Blackford and Dr. Swineford.
Surgery and Gynecology: 1 lecture weekly during the second term; 2 hours
of lecture and 1 hour of amphitheatre clinic during the third term. An introductory
course in surgery. Lectures cover the subjects of wound healing, surgical
bacteriology and general pathological processes of surgical importance, such as
tumors, and diseases of the general systems of the body. Regional surgery is not
included. In the amphitheatre clinic there are presented illustrations of many
types of wounds and the progress of the process of healing with and without
infection.
Dr. Lehman and Dr. Goodwin.
Clinical Diagnosis: 6 hours weekly during the third term. In this course
the student is made familiar with those laboratory methods which are helpful in
the diagnosis of disease. These include, among others, the examination of blood,
urine, sputum, gastric contents, feces, spinal fluid, exudates and transudates. Instruction
is given in the Clinical Laboratory in the new Medical Building, which
is well equipped with the most modern instruments and apparatus.
Dr. Bray.
Third Year
Clinical Diagnosis: 6 hours weekly during the first term. This course completes
the work begun in the second year.
Dr. Bray.
Theory and Practice of Medicine: 4 hours weekly of lectures, recitations
and amphitheatre clinics during two terms of the session; practical work in the
wards of the hospital and in the Blue Ridge Sanatorium during one term. The
class is divided into three sections. Students assigned to medicine for one term
of the year act as clinical clerks in the wards of the hospital, where they are held
responsible for history taking and physical and laboratory examinations of patients
assigned to them. (Also see Phthisiotherapy.)
Dr. Flippin, Dr. Mulholland, Dr. Wood, Dr. Blackford and Dr. Swineford.
Dermatology and Syphilology: 4 hours weekly of lectures during the third
term, supplemented by clinics in the out-patient department. The importance,
etiology, prophylaxis, pathology, clinical history, diagnosis and treatment of
syphilis are discussed. After review of the anatomic and histologic structure and
physiology of the skin the diseases commonly met with are discussed. The main
object in this course is not to train specialists but to give all the students basic
information regarding the diagnosis and treatment of the common skin diseases
and syphilis. The relationship of these to other branches of medicine is emphasized.
This subject is completed in the fourth year, q. v.
Dr. Smith and Dr. Brumfield.
Neurology and Psychiatry: 3 lectures weekly during the first term and
2 lectures weekly during the second term, supplemented by clinical demonstrations
and ward rounds. An attempt is made to correlate neurology and psychiatry,
so that although they are presented as distinct units their interrelation is stressed.
A special study is made of the more common neuroses and borderline psychoses.
Dr. Wilson.
Surgery and Gynecology: 2 hours weekly of lectures and 1 hour of recitation
during the second term; 2 hours weekly of recitation during the third term;
2 hours weekly of amphitheatre clinic throughout the session; with 60 hours attendance
in the out-patient department during the term. Lectures in the third
year are limited to special subjects such as gynecology, thoracic surgery and
neuro-surgery. Regional surgery is covered through the hours of recitation. One
weekly amphitheatre clinic is devoted to clinical observation and interpretation.
The second weekly clinic, shared by the fourth-year students, covers a more comprehensive
view of disease including the principles of treatment.
The out-patient department course gives opportunities for diagnosis and treatment
of clinical cases under close personal supervision. Experience in dressings,
bandaging, anesthesia and minor surgery is afforded. Surgical appliances and
technique are demonstrated to the students, divided into small groups. In addition,
the out-patient department affords practice in physical examination, diagnosis and
treatment.
Dr. Lehman, Dr. Goodwin, Dr. Morton and Dr. Drash.
Urology and Proctology: 2 lectures weekly for the first term; approximately
36 hours in the out-patient department. In the classroom a general survey
of the surgery of the genito-urinary tract and rectum is made by lectures and
recitations. Especial emphasis is placed upon modern methods of diagnosis
and treatment. In the out-patient department, one-eighth of the class at a time
obtains supervised experience in handling clinical cases and performing minor
operations. Opportunity is afforded for the observation of cystoscopic and
proctoscopic procedures.
Dr. Neff and Dr. Wolff.
Orthopedics: 2 hours weekly during the second and third terms, supplemented
by practical work in the out-patient department. This course gives a
general conception of the principles of Orthopedic Surgery with detailed instruction
in some of the more common conditions. Assignments are made in the
Orthopedic Text and cases are demonstrated for illustration. Quizzes are held on
the subjects covered. The course includes fractures and their treatment.
Dr. Funsten and Dr. Ergenbright.
Phthisiotherapy: 1 hour of lecture 3 times a week for two weeks, with each
opening of the session, to the entire class; 6 hours weekly for six weeks, with each
of the six sections of the class; and 2 hours weekly in the out-patient department.
The work is given in 3 two-hour sessions a week, held at the Blue Ridge Sanatorium,
and consists of demonstrations, ward rounds and assignment of cases for
history taking and physical examination. At the end of each clinic session the
case history, physical signs, X-ray plates and laboratory findings are compared in
conference. The procedure followed aims to instruct in the diagnosis and treatment
of tuberculosis by systematically presenting each step separately at first
and later combining them all in the full consideration of the case, including the
management and treatment of the patient both in institutions and private practice.
Dr. Brown, Dr. Stafford and Dr. Shelton.
Obstetrics and Gynecology: 3 hours of lectures and recitations weekly during
first and second terms for the entire class, supplemented by approximately 60
hours of practical work for one-half term in sections. In the lectures and recitations,
the physiology and pathology of pregnancy, labor, and puerperium are discussed.
The practical work for small groups of students comprises manikin exercises,
ward rounds, abdominal palpation of pregnant patients and experience in
prenatal care and pelvic examinations and diagnosis in the out-patient department.
In addition an opportunity is afforded each student for observation of deliveries
and obstetric procedures in the labor rooms.
Dr. Williams and Dr. Nokes.
Pediatrics: 28 hours during the first term; 30 hours during the second
term, supplemented by practical work in the out-patient department, children's
clinic. Each section gets 70 hours in the clinic. This is 2½ hours three times
a week for each section. The observation and recording of symptoms and signs
is taught and a definite amount of diagnosis and treatment. 12 hours during each
term are devoted to case conference in which an intensive course is given in
record keeping with an explanation of the significance of the signs and symptoms
elicited during examination. 12 hours during this term are given to field work
which consists of sending students under the supervision of the Social Service
Worker into the field to observe home conditions and make a general sociological
survey. Students are then sent out under supervision for an independent report.
Dr. Royster and Dr. W. W. Waddell.
Sanitation, Statistics and Epidemiology: 3 hours weekly during the third
term. In a study of the epidemiology of typhoid fever, through lectures and field
trips, the student is acquainted with the problems of water pollution and purification,
soil pollution and sewage treatment, contamination and safeguarding of milk
supplies, environmental sanitation and its control by an organized health agency.
Instruction is given in the fundamentals of medical statistics and in the technique
of epidemiological investigation.
Dr. McQuade, Mr. Williamson and Mr. Neblett.
Fourth Year
Theory and Practice of Medicine: 3 hours weekly of amphitheatre clinics,
lectures and conferences. Daily work in the out-patient department or wards of
the hospital during one-third of the year; the practical work is a continuation of
that of the third year. In this course the endeavor is also made to bring to the
attention of the senior student the more important problems of Internal Medicine.
The relationship of recent investigations in the fields of normal and pathological
physiology, biochemistry, immunology, etc., to internal diseases is especially emphasized.
No textbook is read; students are referred to the files, current issues
of journals and to reference works in the Medical Library as sources of information.
Appropriate time is devoted to medical ethics and economics.
Dr. Flippin, Dr. Mulholland, Dr. Wood, Dr. Blackford, Dr. Swineford
and Dr. Hart.
Dermatology and Syphilology: 1 ward round weekly for one trimester.
Cases of syphilis and skin diseases requiring special study or treatment are hospitalized.
This permits intensive study by senior students.
Dr. Smith and Dr. Brumfield.
Surgery and Gynecology: 1 hour weekly of surgical clinic throughout
the session; 7 hours weekly of ward classes, supplemented by clinic work in the
wards and operating room for one trimester with each of the three sections of
the class.
Instruction in surgery is carried on by clinics and bedside demonstrations
in the hospital. In the wards the students are assigned patients, whose histories
they must take. They must also make complete physical examinations, urine
analyses, blood examinations, etc. In the ward rounds the diagnosis, operative
and other treatment, post-operative care of the cases, complications, prognosis,
etc., are discussed in detail. A large variety of cases is available and the close
contact of the students with their cases and with the routine of hospital management
offers many of the opportunities that an interneship affords. In the operating
rooms the students, in small groups, take part in the operations, thus acquiring
familiarity with technique, anesthetization, etc.
In gynecology, urology and orthopedics the students have the same general
work as in surgery, consisting of the examination and the recording of the cases
in the public wards, attendance on ward rounds, at which the cases are discussed,
and observation and assistance in the operating rooms.
Dr. Lehman, Dr. Goodwin, Dr. Neff, Dr. Funsten, Dr. Morton, Dr.
Drash and Dr. Fifer.
Roentgenology: Lectures, and practical demonstrations to the class in sections
throughout the year. The application of the X-rays to medicine and the
interpretation of plates in diagnosis.
Dr. Archer, Dr. Rawles and Dr. Wissler.
Orthopedics: 2 hours weekly of ward classes for one semester with each
section of the class, supplemented by ward work and fracture experience.
Dr. Funsten and Dr. Ergenbright.
Surgical Pathology: 1 hour weekly during one-third the session. This
course is intended to supplement the general courses in pathology and surgery and
consists of lectures upon the pathology of surgical lesions, demonstrations of fresh
tissues obtained from the operating rooms, and examination of microscopic sections.
Dr. Fifer and Dr. Murphey.
Obstetrics and Gynecology: 1 hour weekly for the entire class throughout
the second and third terms. These exercises consist of clinical demonstrations and
discussion of special problems in Obstetrics and Gynecology. One-half section for
18 hours weekly for one-half term. The work comprises operative obstetrical
procedures on the manikin, ward rounds and demonstrations of obstetrical and
gynecological procedures. In addition, practical experience is given in prenatal,
parturient and postpartum care as well as pelvic examinations and diagnosis in
the wards, out-patient departments and labor rooms of the hospital.
Dr. Williams and Dr. Nokes.
Pediatrics: Students are instructed in the wards of the hospital twice a
week in ward rounds. In addition all students serve as clinical clerks and have
cases assigned to them for their personal care under the direction of the professor
or instructor. Frequent clinics are held in the mountains, the students of the
fourth-year class being used as assistants in this work. Students are also required
to go into the milk laboratory and acquire a knowledge of the preparation of
formulae by practical experience.
Dr. Royster and Dr. W. W. Waddell.
Medical Jurisprudence: 1 lecture weekly during one term of the fourth
year. The application of medical knowledge and skill to the needs of the law is
presented. References to literature are assigned for the fuller development
of special topics.
Dr. J. A. Waddell.
Diseases of the Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat: 2 lectures weekly during the
last two terms, supplemented by regular two- or three-hour clinics 3 times a week
throughout the session and clinical lectures to sections of the class as suitable cases
occur. The class is divided into small sections and each student is taught the
methods of examination and the use of the ophthalmoscope, otoscope, head mirror,
and of the laryngeal mirror. In the clinics each patient is assigned to a student,
who must take the history and keep the record of that patient; the case is then
demonstrated by the professor in charge, and, if possible, each student makes his
own examination under the personal supervision of the attending physician. Clinical
cases are abundant, and during the year the student sees and handles practically
all the common diseases of the eye, ear and upper respiratory tract.
Dr. Hedges, Dr. Woodward, Dr. Tunstall and Dr. Burton.
Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology: 2 hours weekly during the first
two terms. The primary object of this course is to interest the student in the
practice of preventive medicine. By lectures, clinics and demonstrations the
epidemiology of each of the common communicable diseases is presented. The student
is encouraged to consider these diseases not solely from the point of view of
diagnosis and treatment in the individual case, but to understand the environmental
factors and biologic conditions which are responsible for its maintenance and
propagation in nature, and the possibilities of control or prevention, through the
efforts of the private physician or the functioning of organized public health agencies.
Dr. Maxcy and Dr. McQuade.
Elective Courses: Open to medical students of the third and fourth years,
and to graduate students.
Histology and Embryology
1. The histology and embryology of the blood forming tissues: Session
1933-34.
2. The histology and embryology of the endocrine tissues: Session
1934-35.
3. The histology and embryology of the reproductive organs: Session
1935-36.
9 hours weekly during the third term.
Dr. Jordan and Dr. Kindred.
Anatomy and Anthropology
1. Topographic and Applied Anatomy: 8 hours weekly during the
second term.
Dr. Bean and Dr. Speidel.
2. Special Anatomical Dissections: Hours by arrangement.
Dr. Bean and Dr. Speidel.
3. Physical Anthropology: 9 hours weekly during the second term.
Dr. Bean.
4. Research in Experimental Anatomy: Opportunity for original investigation
is afforded a small number of specially qualified students.
Dr. Speidel.
Biochemistry
1. Biochemical preparations: Individual instruction is given in the
separation, purification and identification of products of biochemical nature.
6 hours of laboratory work a week during the entire year.
Dr. Chanutin.
2. Physiology of nutrition: An attempt is made to cover the subject
of nutrition in its broadest aspects. Various phases of digestion, respiratory,
basal and intermediary metabolism are studied. Previous knowledge in
Biochemistry is necessary. 1 hour a week during the entire year.
Dr. Chanutin.
3. Biochemical seminar: Papers pertaining to Biochemistry and related
subjects in the English, German and French literature are read by the participants.
The student is enabled to keep in touch with the advances made in
the subject. 2 hours a week during the entire year.
Dr. Chanutin.
4. Biochemical research: For those students properly qualified the
laboratory will be opened during the academic year and summer vacation.
Dr. Chanutin.
Physiology
1. The function of the alimentary tract and related organs: Session
1933-34. Hours by arrangement.
Dr. Britton.
2. Applications of physiology to medicine: Session 1934-35. Hours by
arrangement.
Dr. Britton.
3. Comparative physiology of the internal secretions: Session 1933-34.
6 hours weekly during the third term.
Dr. Corey.
4. Physiology of the fetus: Session 1934-35. Hours by arrangement.
Dr. Corey.
5. Original investigation: Opportunity is afforded a limited number of
qualified students to undertake investigative work at any time throughout
the year in physiology or nearly related sciences.
Dr. Britton, Dr. Corey and Mr. Silvette.
Pathology
Pathology: An elective course in pathology is offered to all students of the
fourth-year class 2 hours weekly throughout the session. The nature of this
course will vary according to the number of students who apply for it. Regardless
of the manner in which the course is conducted, its general purpose is to
afford the student, who has already had considerable training in clinical medicine,
a systematic review of the anatomical changes occurring in the commonly encountered
diseases. The current pathological material is demonstrated to this
group of students throughout the year.
A limited number of students, who seem properly qualified, may undertake
the study of special problems in which they may be interested. Hours by special
appointment.
Dr. Cash and Dr. Scherer.
Pharmacology
1. The biological significance and pharmacological actions of the compounds
of certain metallic elements, particular attention being given to Ca,
Fe, Mg, Mn, and Cu. Session 1931-32.
2. The influence of chemical structure on pharmacological action, the
significance of the presence and position in the molecule of alkyl, hydroxyl,
carboxyl, and amino radicles being investigated. Session 1932-33.
3. The standardization of drugs, embracing a study of the most representative
methods, chemical and biological. Session 1933-34.
Didactic, 2 hours a week and laboratory 4 hours a week during the first term.
Dr. J. A. Waddell and Assistants.
Dermatology and Syphilology
1. Clinical Dermatology and Syphilology: 3 afternoons weekly for one
trimester in the out-patient department.
Dr. Smith and Dr. Brumfield.
2. Laboratory and Practical Medical Mycology: 2 hours weekly during
the entire year.
Dr. Smith and Dr. Brumfield.
Neurology
Mental Hygiene: 3 hours weekly during the entire year, clinic 2 hours
weekly and seminar 1 hour weekly.
Dr. Wilson.
Preventive Medicine and Bacteriology
Immunology: This course is designed to amplify the introduction to immunology
given in the regular course in Bacteriology during the first year. During
the third and fourth years the student has become acquainted with clinical
medicine. It is desirable to review the factors concerned to resistance to infection
and the scientific background for the treatment of infectious diseases. By
means of conferences and laboratory assignments the student is given an opportunity
to perform and observe some of the characteristic phenomena in test tube and in
the experimental animal. Special attention is given to those biologic reactions
which are of value in the diagnosis or treatment of disease such as the Wassermann
reaction, the Kahn reaction, agglutination technique, standardization of antitoxic
sera, etc.
Dr. Maxcy.
Surgery
1. Surgical Pathology: The daily material from the operating room and
the collection of pathological material in the files of the laboratory are studied,
with correlation between the pathological findings and the clinical history. The
students are expected to examine all fresh material in the gross and to study the
microscopic pathology. The view-point of the course is the interpretation of these
observations as illustrating the development and progress of surgical disease. 2
hours weekly for the session. Limited to two students of the fourth year.
Dr. Lehman, Dr. Fifer and Dr. Murphey.
2. Surgical pathology and research in the field of the biological sciences
on subjects related to clinical surgery. The former portion of the course consists
of study and reports on a large collection of surgical pathological material.
The latter portion is to be arranged individually with the director. The student
is expected to spend his entire time for the year. Open only to graduate students
with M.D. degree and at least one year of interne service.
Dr. Lehman.
