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185

Page 185

Index

  • Alford, Dean Henry, 162n. 47,
    164n. 10

  • Alsen, Eberhard, 112

  • Archilochus, 28

  • Arnold, Matthew, 33, 40

  • Austin, J. L., 104

  • Babel:

    • myth of, 3, 5, 7;

    • problem of,
      50-53, 151

  • Bakhtin, Mikhail:

    • Adamic language,
      11;

    • heteroglossia, 7-11;

    • incomprehension,
      127;

    • "recitation"
      and "retelling," 55;

    • parody, 2;

    • theory of the novel, xi-xii, 53

  • Barnett, Louise K., 172n. 29

  • Beard, Dan, 135

  • Beaver, Harold, 174n. 13

  • Bentzon, Thérèse:

    • translates Twain's
      "Jumping Frog," 66-70

  • Bergson, Henri, 54, 77

  • Bierce, Ambrose, 16

  • Black English, 9, 95, 98-99, 122

  • Blair, Hugh, 15, 23

  • Blair, Walter, 92, 175n. 2

  • Blake, William, 154

  • Bloomfield, Leonard, 37

  • Bolinger, Dwight, 37

  • Borges, Jorge Luis, 66

  • Breen, Henry, 23

  • Bridgman, Richard, xi, 17, 98,
    172n. 34

  • Brooks, Van Wyck, x, 1, 26, 52, 56

  • Burlingame, Anson, 29

  • Carkeet, David, 98

  • Carrington, George C., Jr., 86

  • Carroll, Lewis, 78, 137

  • Carton, Evan, 119

  • Clemens, Jane Lampton, 26

  • Clemens, John, 26, 27

  • Clemens, Samuel. See Twain, Mark

  • Cobbett, William, 35-36, 49

  • Conversation, rules and norms of:

    • Twain on, 101-2;

    • in "The Refuge
      of the Derelicts," 139-41. See also
      Dialogue

  • Cooper, James Fenimore, 2, 57, 153;

    • The Deerslayer, 90, 170n. 21

  • Cox, James M., 166n. 16, 171n. 27,
    172n. 30

  • Cromwell, Oliver, 38-39

  • Descartes, René, 4, 45

  • Dialect, 4, 6, 18, 126;

    • in Huckleberry
      Finn,       85-100;

    • literary, ix, 7, 27,
      30;

    • in Pudd'nhead Wilson, 114,
      118-21

  • Dialogue:

    • between Adam and Eve,
      11-13;

    • for Bakhtin, 8-13;

    • between
      humans and God, 144-47;

    • for Humboldt, 5;

    • and incomprehension,
      126-54;

    • ironic,
      121-22;

    • in language instruction,
      82-84;

    • and power, 58-59, 11321;


    • and race, 8-10, 118-21;

    • for
      Whitney, 6

  • Dickens, Charles, 90

  • Discourse:

    • analysis and theory, 99,
      101;

    • authoritative, 55;

    • direct and
      indirect, 68-69, 167nn. 24, 25;

    • foreign, 53, 56;

    • of master and
      slave, 119-23;

    • narrative, 8-10;

    • novelistic, 8. See also Language

  • Eco, Umberto, 138

  • Eddy, Mary Baker, 53, 126, 141-42,
    144, 153

  • Egan, Michael, 86

    • 186

    Page 186

  • Eliot, T. S., 111

  • Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 11-12, 49,
    100;

    • on language, 38, 64-65;

    • Nature,
      12;

    • on quotation, 2

  • English. See Black English; Southern
    English; Standard English; Vernacular
    English

  • Ensor, Allison, 157n. 22

  • Fiedler, Leslie, 111

  • Fonseca, José de:

    • New Guide of the
      Conversation in Portuguese and English,
      71

  • French language, Twain and, 53-55,
    57, 63-64, 66-71

  • Freud, Sigmund, 150

  • German language, Twain and, 52,
    72-77, 165n. 7

  • Gibson, William M., 155n. 3

  • Goffman, Erving, 91

  • Gouin, François, 81-82

  • Gould, Edward S., 164n. 10

  • Goux, Jean-Joseph, 164n. 13

  • Grammar, 15-36;

    • of German, 7577;


    • and morality, 21, 24-26;

    • perfect,
      23-24, 32;

    • prescriptive,
      16-18, 24, 37, 101;

    • and social
      class, 26-31;

    • teaching of, 18-22;

    • universal, 4, 5

  • Grant, Ulysses:

    • Twain's defense of
      grammar of, 33-34

  • Greeley, Horace, 143

  • Grice, H. P., 131, 171n. 25

  • Halttunen, Karen, 170n. 12

  • Harris, Susan K., 157n. 26, 178n. 26

  • Harte, Bret, ix, 16, 62, 95, 101

  • Hayakawa, S. I., 47

  • Heraclitus, 135, 154

  • Heteroglossia, 7-13, 127

  • Hill, Hamlin, 175n. 2

  • Howells, William Dean, 16, 52, 74;

    • The Rise of Silas Lapham, 22

  • Huckleberry Finn (character), ix-x,
    25, 35, 85-86, 117;

    • his language,
      94, 103-9;

    • his lies, 59;

    • in Tom
      Sawyer Abroad,       135-39

  • Humboldt, Wilhelm von, 4-5, 11

  • Hymes, Dell, 171n. 26

  • Incomprehension, 5, 53, 74, 126-54;

    • absurd, 135-51;

    • humorous,
      128-32;

    • and interpretation,
      143-44;

    • and violence, 133-35

  • Indians, American:

    • Twain on speech
      of, 56-57

  • Italian language, Twain and, 77-80

  • Jakobson, Roman, 107-8, 172n. 32

  • James, Henry, 17, 34

  • Jargon, 20, 126, 128-31;

    • nautical,
      129-30

  • Jim (character):

    • in Huckleberry Finn,
      ix-x, 3, 111, 123, 133;

    • in Tom
      Sawyer Abroad,       135-39

  • Johnson, James L., 114

  • Johnson, Samuel, 3, 21

  • Kant, Immanuel, 45

  • Kirkham, Samuel, 18-22, 24-26

  • Korzybski, Alfred, 47

  • Krumpelmann, John, 72

  • Labov, William, 163n. 9, 171n. 28

  • Language:

    • Adamic, 3, 11-13, 94,
      109, 145;

    • and class, 26-31;

    • conventions
      governing, 101-8;

    • of
      dreams, 148-53;

    • as game, 129;

    • inflated, 45-49;

    • lying, 106-7;

    • perfect, 4, 32, 49, 151-53;

    • and
      power, 58-59, 112, 116-21;

    • pretentious,
      40-42;

    • and race, 8-10,
      118-23;

    • and society, 38-44;

    • standard,
      authority of, 8;

    • telepathic,
      151-53;

    • variety in, 1-14, 52, 110

  • Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm von, 4

  • Linguistic variety. See Language: variety
    in

  • Locke, John, 49, 177n. 20

  • Lotman, Juri, 53, 156n. 11

  • Lounsbury, Thomas, 29

  • Lowth, Robert, 15, 159n. 15

  • Lynn, Kenneth, 132, 160n. 30

  • Malory, Sir Thomas, 135

  • Matthews, Brander, 26, 161n. 40

  • Matthiessen, F. O., x

  • Melville, Herman:

    • "Benito Cereno,"
      119

  • Mencken, H. L., 23

    • 187

    Page 187

  • Mitchell, Lee, 171n. 23

  • Moon, George Washington, 16, 34,
    162n. 47

  • Müller, Max, 6, 15

  • Murray, Lindley, 15, 19, 21, 160n. 26

  • Nature (Emerson), 12

  • Ollendorf, Heinrich Gottfried, 81,
    82

  • Orwell, George, 35

  • Oxford University:

    • awards Twain
      honorary doctorate, 29

  • Page, Norman, 90

  • Paine, Albert Bigelow, 73

  • Parmenides, 154

  • Pearce, Roy Harvey, 109

  • Pentecost, 3, 7, 143

  • Phelps, William Lyon, 136

  • Philology, 4, 5, 15, 37

  • Plato, 153;

    • Cratylus, 3

  • Poe, Edgar Allan, 148

  • Pope, Alexander, 129;

    • Essay on Criticism,
      30, 33

  • Quirk, Randolph, 159n. 18

  • Rubin, Louis D., Jr., 171n. 22

  • Saussure, Ferdinand de, 58

  • Schroth, Evelyn, 173n. 5

  • Scott, Sir Walter, 91

  • Semiotics, 65, 124;

    • and incomprehension,
      136-39

  • Simpson, David, 2, 170n. 21

  • Smith, Henry Nash, 91, 110, 131;

    • on
      vernacular, xi, 86, 169n. 4

  • Southern English:

    • in Huckleberry
      Finn,       88-90;

    • in Life on the Mississippi,
      22-23, 25-26;

    • in Pudd'nhead
      Wilson,       111

  • Standard English, 9, 17, 22-23, 85,
    111-12;

    • in Huckleberry Finn,
      87-93, 99-100

  • Stein, Gertrude, 31-32, 35

  • Steiner, George, 50, 66, 112

  • Sternberg, Meir, 99

  • Swift, Jonathan, 49, 109

  • Thomas, Brook, 172n. 31

  • Tom Sawyer (character):

    • in Huckleberry
      Finn,       15, 80, 96-97, 105,
      107, 117;

    • in Tom Sawyer Abroad,
      135-39

  • Transcendentalism:

    • and language,
      xi, 2

  • Turner, Arlin, 122

  • Twain, Mark:

    • and foreign languages,
      51-84 (see also French
      language;

    • German language;

    • Italian
      language);

    • on foreign language
      teaching, 80-84;

    • and
      grammar, x, 15-36 (see also
      Grammar; Grant, Ulysses)

  • —Works:

    • Adventures of Huckleberry
      Finn,       ix, 85-109, 110-12, 117,
      123, 133, 136;

    • The Adventures of
      Tom Sawyer,       87;

    • "Among the Fenians,"
      61-62;

    • "As Concerns Interpreting
      the Deity," 144;

    • "The Awful German Language," 7477;


    • "A Boston Girl," 32;

    • "Captain
      Stormfield's Visit to Heaven,"
      154;

    • "The Celebrated Jumping
      Frog," see "The Jumping Frog";

    • Christian Science, 141-43;

    • "The
      Chronicle of Young Satan," 146,
      147, 150;

    • Comment on Tautology
      and Grammar," 19, 34,
      170n. 19;

    • A Connecticut Yankee in
      King Arthur's Court,       53, 61, 77,
      113, 133-35, 177n. 22;

    • "The Curious
      Republic of Gondour," 3940;


    • "The Dandy Frightening the
      Squatter," 126;

    • "The Enchanted
      Sea-Wilderness," 154;

    • "An Entertaining
      Article," 60;

    • "Eve's Diary,"
      13;

    • "The Evidence in the Case of
      Smith vs. Jones," 130-31;

    • "Extracts
      from Adam's Diary," 1113;


    • "Fenimore Cooper's Literary
      Offenses," 169n. 6;

    • "First Interview
      with Artemus Ward," 143;

    • Following the Equator, 53, 71;

    • "Fourth of July Oration in the
      German Tongue," 75;

    • "A Gallant
      Fireman," 27;

    • The Gilded Age,
      37-50, 127;

    • "The Great Dark,"
      175n. 4;

    • "How to Tell a Story," 66

      • 188

      Page 188

    • "Huck and Tom Among the Indians,"
      90;

    • Huckleberry Finn, see
      Adventures of Huckleberry Finn;

    • The Innocence Abroad, 53, 54, 57,
      58-65, 66, 71;

    • "Italian with
      Grammar," 77-78, 82;

    • "Italian
      without a Master," 78-80;

    • Joan
      of Arc,       169n. 7,

    • "The Jumping
      Frog," 55, 66-71;

    • Life on the Mississippi,
      22-23, 25, 27-29, 89, 90;

    • "Mark Twain Mystified," 143;

    • Meisterschaft, 82-84;

    • "Mental Telegraphy,"
      151;

    • "Mrs. Jollopson's
      Gam," 130;

    • "My Platonic Sweetheart,"
      152-53;

    • The Mysterious
      Stranger, see       "The Chronicle of
      Young Satan," "Schoolhouse
      Hill," "No. 44, The Mysterious
      Stranger";

    • New Guide of the Conversation
      in Portuguese and English,
      introduction to, 71;

    • "No.
      44, The Mysterious Stranger,"
      144, 146-51, 152;

    • "Old Times on
      the Mississippi," 29;

    • The Prince
      and the Pauper,       113, 173n. 4;

    • "Private
      History of a MS. That Came
      to Grief," 30, 34;

    • "Private History
      of the Jumping Frog Story," 70;

    • Pudd'nhead Wilson, 110-25, 127;

    • "The Refuge of the Derelicts,"
      139-41, 149, 175n. 5, 177n. 22;

    • Roughing It, 53, 127, 143,

    • Scotty
      Briggs and parson in, 126, 128,
      130-33, 145, 149;

    • "A Rural Lesson
      in Rhetoric," 131;

    • "Schoolhouse
      Hill," 20, 147;

    • "Die
      Schrecken der Deutschen
      Sprache," 77;

    • "Some Learned
      Fables," 144;

    • "The Story of
      Mamie Grant," 25, 175n. 4;

    • "That
      Day in Eden," 13, 145;

    • "Three
      Thousand Years among the Microbes,"
      152;

    • Tom Sawyer, see The
      Adventures of Tom Sawyer;

    • Tom
      Sawyer Abroad,       102, 127, 135-39,

    • Tom Sawyer, A Play, 19-20;

    • A
      Tramp Abroad,       53, 54, 71, 72, 74;

    • What Is Man?, 1, 32, 146;

    • Which
      Was It?,       8, 119, 127;

    • "Which Was
      the Dream?" 152

  • Vernacular English, xi, 16-17, 22,
    25, 86, 111;

    • in Huckleberry Finn,
      93-100. See also Smith, Henry
      Nash

  • Voltaire, 55

  • Warner, Charles Dudley, 16;

    • and The
      Gilded Age,       36, 38, 43, 48

  • Webb, Charles, 62

  • Webster, Noah, 6, 15, 101

  • White, Richard Grant:

    • Words and
      Their Uses,       16, 37-44, 48-49, 93,
      95-96

  • Whitman, Walt, 16;

    • on grammar, 17

    • Whitney, William Dwight, 5-6, 16,
      37, 52, 175n. 9

  • Wittgenstein, Ludwig, 145, 147

  • Wordsworth, William, 94

  • Zola, Emile, 109

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