University of Virginia Library


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Selected Bibliography

    Aarsleff, Hans.

  • The Study of Language in England, 1780-1860. Princeton,
    N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1967.

  • Alford, Henry.

  • The Queen's English: A Manual of Idiom and Usage. 1864.
    Reprint. London: George Bell, 1895.

  • Alsen, Eberhard.

  • "Pudd'nhead Wilson's Fight for Popularity and
    Power." Western American Literature 7 (1972): 135-43.

  • Arnold, Matthew.

  • General Grant. With a rejoinder by Mark Twain.
    Edited by John Y. Simon. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University
    Press, 1966.

  • Ayres, Alfred.

  • "A Plea for Cultivating the English Language." Harper's
    103 (1901): 265-67.

  • Bakhtin, Mikhail M.

  • The Dialogic Imagination. Edited by Michael Holquist.
    Translated by Caryl Emerson and Michael Holquist. Austin:
    University of Texas Press, 1981.

  • —.

  • Problems of Dostoevsky's Poetics. Edited and translated by Caryl
    Emerson. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1984.

  • Banfield, Ann.

  • Unspeakable Sentences: Narration and Representation in
    the Language of Fiction.
    Boston: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1982.

  • Barnett, Louise K.

  • "Huck Finn: Picaro as Lin[g]uistic Outsider." College
    Literature 6
    (1979): 221-231.

  • Baron, Dennis E.

  • Grammar and Good Taste: Reforming the American
    Language.
    New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1982.

  • Bentzon, Th[érèse].

  • "Les Humoristes américains: Mark Twain." Revue
    des deux mondes
    100 (1872): 313-335.

  • Berthold, Dennis.

  • "The Conflict of Dialects in A Connecticut Yankee."
    Ball State University Forum
    18, no. 3 (1977): 51-58.

  • Blair, Walter.

  • Mark Twain and "Huck Finn." Berkeley: University of
    California Press, 1960.

  • —, and Hamlin Hill.

  • America's Humor: From Poor Richard to Doonesbury.
    New York: Oxford University Press, 1978.

  • Breen, Henry H.

  • Modern English Literature: Its Blemishes and Defects.
    London: Longman, 1857.

  • Bridgman, Richard.

  • The Colloquial Style in America. New York: Oxford
    University Press, 1966.

  • Brooks, Van Wyck.

  • The Ordeal of Mark Twain. New and rev. ed. London:
    J. M. Dent, 1934.


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    Brown, Gould.

  • The Grammar of English Grammars. 10th ed. New York:
    William Wood, 1851.

  • Budd, Louis J.

  • Mark Twain: Social Philosopher. Bloomington: Indiana
    University Press, 1962.

  • Carkeet, David.

  • "The Dialects in Huckleberry Finn." American Literature
    51 (1979): 315-32.

  • —.

  • "The Source for the Arkansas Gossips in Huckleberry Finn."
    American Literary Realism
    14 (1981): 90-92.

  • Carrington, George C., Jr.

  • The Dramatic Unity of "Huckleberry Finn."
    Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 1976.

  • Carton, Evan.

  • "Pudd'nhead Wilson and the Fiction of Law and Custom."
    In American Realism: New Essays, edited by Eric J. Sundquist.
    Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1982.

  • Cobbett, William.

  • A Grammar of the English Language, in a Series of
    Letters.
    1823. Reprint. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1984.

  • Cox, James M.

  • Mark Twain: The Fate of Humor. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton
    University Press, 1966.

  • Davis, Chester L.

  • "Mark Twain's Marginal Notes on 'The Queen's English."'
    Twainian 25 (1966): 1-4.

  • De Voto, Bernard.

  • Mark Twain at Work. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard
    University Press, 1942.

  • —.

  • Mark Twain's America. Boston: Little, Brown, 1932.

  • Dillard, J. L.

  • All-American English. New York: Vintage, 1976.

  • Eco, Umberto.

  • A Theory of Semiotics. Bloomington: Indiana University
    Press, 1976.

  • —.

  • Semiotics and the Philosophy of Language. Bloomington: Indiana
    University Press, 1984.

  • Egan, Michael.

  • Mark Twain's "Huckleberry Finn": Race, Class, and Society.
    London: Sussex University Press, 1977.

    "The English Language in America." North American Review 91 (1860):
    507-28.

  • Ensor, Allison.

  • Mark Twain and the Bible. Lexington: University of
    Kentucky Press, 1969.

  • Farrar, Frederic William.

  • An Essay on the Origin of Language. London:
    J. Murray, 1860.

  • Finegan, Edward.

  • Attitudes toward English Usage: The History of a War
    of Words.
    New York: Teachers College Press, 1980.

  • Firth, J. R.

  • The Tongues of Men. London: Watts, 1937.

  • Fitzgerald, Joseph.

  • "Anarchism in Language." Harper's 104 (1902):
    597-600.

  • Fowler, Roger.

  • The Languages of Literature: Some Linguistic Contributions
    to Criticism.
    New York: Barnes & Noble, 1971.

  • —.

  • Linguistics and the Novel. London: Methuen, 1977.

  • —.

  • "Anti-Language in Fiction." Style 13 (1979): 259-78.

  • —.

  • "Preliminaries to a Sociolinguistic Theory of Literary Discourse."
    Poetics 8 (1979): 531-56.


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    Freimarck, Vincent.

  • "Mark Twain and 'Infelicities' of Southern
    Speech." American Speech 28 (1953): 233-34.

  • Fry, James B.

  • "Grant and Matthew Arnold: An Estimate." North
    American Review
    144 (1887): 349-57.

  • Gardner, Joseph H.

  • "Gaffer Hexam and Huck Finn." Modern Philology
    66 (1968): 155-56.

  • Gibson, William M.

  • The Art of Mark Twain. New York: Oxford University
    Press, 1976.

  • Goffman, Erving.

  • The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life. Garden City,
    N.Y.: Doubleday, 1959.

  • —.

  • Forms of Talk. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press,
    1981.

  • Gouin, François.

  • The Art of Teaching and Studying Languages. 5th ed.
    Translated by Howard Swan and Victor Bétis. London: George
    Philip & Son, 1894.

  • Gould, Edward S.

  • Good English; or, Popular Errors in Language. 6th ed.
    New York: Widdleton, 1875.

    "The Great American Language." Cornhill Magazine, n.s. 11 (1888):
    363-77.

  • Gribben, Alan.

  • Mark Twain's Library: A Reconstruction. 2 vols. Boston:
    G. K. Hall, 1980.

  • Grice, H. P.

  • "Logic and Conversation." In Syntax and Semantics. Vol. 3,
    Speech Acts, edited by Peter Cole and Jerry L. Morgan, pp. 41-58.
    New York: Academic Press, 1975.

  • Gura, Philip F.

  • The Wisdom of Words: Language, Theology, and Literature
    in the New England Renaissance.
    Middletown, Conn.: Wesleyan
    University Press, 1981.

  • Hall, Fitzedward.

  • Modern English. New York: Scribner, Armstrong,
    1873.

  • —.

  • "Retrogressive English." North American Review 119 (1874):
    308-31.

  • —.

  • "English Rational and Irrational." Nineteenth Century 8 (1880):
    424-44.

  • Halliday, M. A. K.

  • Language as Social Semiotic. Baltimore: University
    Park Press, 1978.

  • Harris, Susan K.

  • Mark Twain's Escape from Time: A Study of Patterns
    and Images.
    Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1982.

  • Hartley, Cecil B.

  • The Gentleman's Book of Etiquette, and Manual of Politeness.
    Boston: J. S. Locke, 1876.

  • Hill, A. S.

  • "Colloquial English." Harper's 78 (1889): 272-79.

  • Howells, William Dean.

  • My Mark Twain. New York: Harper, 1910.

  • Humboldt, Wilhelm von.

  • Humanist without Protfolio: An Anthology of
    the Writings of Wilhelm von Humboldt.
    Translated by Marianne
    Cowan. Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1963.

  • James, Henry.

  • "The Novel of Dialect." Literature 3, no. 1 (9 July 1898):
    17-19.


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    —.

  • The Question of Our Speech. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1905.

  • Johnson, James L.

  • Mark Twain and the Limits of Power. Knoxville: University
    of Tennessee Press, 1982.

  • Kirkham, Samuel.

  • English Grammar in Familiar Lectures. Stereotype
    ed. New York: R. B. Collins, n.d. [1829].

  • Klett, Ada.

  • " 'Meisterschaft'; or, The True State of Mark Twain's German."
    Anglo-German Review 7, no. 2 (1940): 10-11.

  • Krapp, George Philip.

  • "The Psychology of Dialect Writing." The
    Bookman
    (New York) 63 (1926): 522-29.

  • Krumpelmann, John T.

  • Mark Twain and the German Language. Louisiana
    State University Studies, Humanities Series, no. 3. Baton
    Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1953.

  • Labov, William.

  • Language in the Inner City: Studies in the Black English
    Vernacular.
    Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1972.

  • —.

  • Sociolinguistic Patterns. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania
    Press, 1972.

    "Language and Grammar." London Quarterly 12 (1859): 387-424.

  • Locke, John.

  • An Essay Concerning Human Understanding. Abridged
    and edited by John W. Yolton. London: Dent, 1976.

  • Lotman, Juri.

  • "The Sign Mechanism of Culture." Semiotica 12 (1974):
    301-5.

  • —.

  • The Structure of the Artistic Text. Translated by Gail Lenhoff
    and Ronald Vroon. Ann Arbor: [Dept. of Slavic Languages and
    Literatures], University of Michigan, 1977.

  • —.

  • "The Future for Structural Poetics." Poetics 8 (1979): 501-7.

  • Lounsbury, Thomas.

  • The Standard of Usage in English. New York:
    Harper, 1908.

  • Lowth, Robert.

  • A Short Introduction to English Grammar. London,
    1762.

  • Lyman, Rollo Laverne.

  • English Grammar in American Schools before
    1850.
    Department of the Interior, Bureau of Education Bulletin,
    1921, no. 12. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1922.

  • Lynn, Kenneth.

  • Mark Twain and Southwestern Humor. Boston: Atlantic
    Monthly Press, 1959.

  • McKay, Janet H.

  • Narration and Discourse in American Realistic Fiction.
    Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1982.

  • Marsh, George P.

  • Lectures on the English Language. New York: Scribner,
    1860.

  • Matthews, Brander.

  • Parts of Speech: Essays on English. 1901. Reprint.
    Freeport, N.Y.: Books for Libraries Press, 1968.

  • —.

  • Essays on English. New York: Scribner, 1922.

  • Matthiessen, F. O.

  • American Renaissance: Art and Expression in the Age
    of Emerson and Whitman.
    London: Oxford University Press, 1941.

  • Mencken, H. L.

  • The American Language. 4th ed. New York: Knopf,
    1936.

  • Mitchell, Lee.

  • " 'Nobody but Our Gang Warn't Around': The Authority


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    of Language in Huckleberry Finn." In New Essays on "Adventures
    of Huckleberry Finn,"
    edited by Louis J. Budd. Cambridge:
    Cambridge University Press, 1985.

  • Moon, George Washington.

  • Learned Men's English: The Grammarians.
    A Series of Criticisms on the English of Dean Alford, Lindley Murray,
    and Other Writers on the Language.
    London: Routledge, 1892.

  • Müller, Max.

  • Lectures on the Science of Language. 2 vols. New York:
    Scribner, 1872.

  • Murray, Lindley.

  • English Grammar. Adapted to the Different Classes of
    Learners.
    [9th ed.] Bridgeport, Conn., 1824. Facsimile reprint.
    Delmar, N.Y.: Scholars' Facsimiles & Reprints, 1981.

  • Page, Norman.

  • Speech in the English Novel. London: Longman, 1973.

  • Paine, Albert Bigelow.

  • Mark Twain: A Biography. 3 vols. New York:
    Harper, 1912.

  • Pearce, Roy Harvey.

  • " 'Yours Truly, Huck Finn.' " In One Hundred
    Years of "Huckleberry Finn": The Boy, His Book, and American Culture,

    edited by Robert Sattelmeyer and J. Donald Crowley. Columbia:
    University of Missouri Press, 1985.

  • Quirk, Randolph.

  • Charles Dickens and Appropriate Language. Durham:
    University of Durham, 1959.

  • —.

  • The Use of English. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1962.

  • Rogers, Franklin R.

  • Mark Twain's Burlesque Patterns, As Seen in the
    Novels and Narratives, 1855-1885.
    Dallas: Southern Methodist University
    Press, 1960.

  • Rubin, Louis D., Jr.

  • "Mark Twain and the Language of Experience."
    Sewanee Review 71 (1963): 664-73.

  • —.

  • "The Mockingbird in the Gum Tree: Notes on the Language of
    American Literature." The Southern Review, n.s. 19 (1983): 785-801.

  • Salomon, Roger B.

  • Twain and the Image of History. New Haven, Conn.:
    Yale University Press, 1961.

  • Saussure, Ferdinand de.

  • Course in General Linguistics. Edited by
    Charles Bally and Albert Sechehaye. Translated by Wade Baskin.
    Rev. ed. London: Peters Owen, 1974.

  • Schroth, Evelyn.

  • "Mark Twain's Literary Dialect in A Connecticut
    Yankee." Mark Twain Journal
    19, no. 2 (1978): 26-29.

  • Simpson, David.

  • The Politics of American English, 1776-1850. New
    York: Oxford University Press, 1986.

  • Smith, Henry Nash.

  • Mark Twain: The Development of a Writer. Cambridge,
    Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1962.

  • Spitzer, Leo.

  • Linguistics and Literary History: Essays in Stylistics. New
    York: Russell & Russell, 1962.

  • Steiner, George.

  • After Babel: Aspects of Language and Translation. New
    York: Oxford University Press, 1975.

  • Sternberg, Meir.

  • "Proteus in Quotation-Land: Mimesis and the Forms
    of Reported Discourse." Poetics Today 3 (1982): 107-56.

  • Tanner, Tony.

  • "Samuel Clemens and the Progress of a Stylistic Rebel."


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    Bulletin of the British Association for American Studies, n.s. 3 (December
    1961): 31-42.

  • —.

  • The Reign of Wonder: Naivety and Reality in American Literature.
    Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1965.

  • Thomas, Brook.

  • "Language and Identity in the Adventures of Huckleberry
    Finn." Mark Twain Journal 20, no. 3 (1980): 17-21.

  • Webster, Noah.

  • Dissertations on the English Language. Boston: Isaiah
    Thomas, 1789.

  • Wecter, Dixon.

  • "Mark Twain as Translator from the German." American
    Literature
    13 (1941): 257-63.

  • —.

  • Sam Clemens of Hannibal. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1952.

  • Wheeler, Benjamin Ide.

  • "Language as Interpreter of Life." Atlantic 84
    (1899): 464.

  • White, Richard Grant.

  • Words and Their Uses, Past and Present: A Study
    of the English Language.
    20th ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1892.

  • —.

  • "The Quest for English." Galaxy 3 (1867): 62-70.

  • —.

  • "English in England." Atlantic Monthly 45 (1880): 374-86.

  • Whitney, William Dwight.

  • Language and the Study of Language: Twelve
    Lectures on the Principles of Linguistic Science.
    New York: Scribner,
    1867.

  • —.

  • "Darwinism and Language." North American Review 119
    (1874): 61-88.

  • —.

  • The Life and Growth of Language: An Outline of Linguistic Science.
    New York: Appleton, 1875.

    "Words and Their Uses." North American Review 112 (1871): 469-76.