University of Virginia Library

II. VOLUME II

HAGOOD'S BRIGADE

ORGANIZATION.

"(Extract)

"Special Orders.

"No. 188.

. . . . . . . . . .

"II. Brigadier-General Hagood's Brigade will be organized and consist
of the following regiments and battalions: Eleventh, Twenty-first and
Twenty-fifth Regiments, and the First (Charleston) Battalion and the
Seventh Battalion South Carolina Volunteers. This organization for the
present, however, will not interfere with any temporary distribution of
troops by the district commander. . . .

"(Extract)

"Special Orders.

"No. 198.

"I. By authority of the War Department, the First Battalion South
Carolina Infantry, Lieutenant-Colonel P. C. Gaillard commanding, and the
First Battalion South Carolina Sharpshooters, Major Jos. Abney commanding,
will be consolidated into a regiment. . . .

"By command of General Beauregard.

A subsequent order numbered the regiment "Twenty-seventh
South Carolina" and arranged the officers as follows: P. C. Gaillard,
colonel; J. A. Blake (late captain, Charleston Battalion),
lieutenant-colonel, and Joseph Abney, major. The regiment now
had ten full companies. Subsequently, in 1864, the order of the
secretary of war disbanded one of them (Clarkson's, Co. K,) on
account of some illegality in its organization, and the regiment
consisted of nine companies during the rest of its career. The
Eleventh Regiment also consisted of nine companies, one of its

companies having been permitted to organize and equip as a light
battery. It was known as the Beaufort Artillery, and Steven
Elliott (now Major Elliott at Fort Sumter) was its first captain.
At the date of the brigade organization this company was formally
detached from the regiment.

ROSTER OF BRIGADE, 30TH OF SEPTEMBER, 1863.

                           

Johnson Hagood	Brigadier-General, Commanding
P. K. Moloney	Captain and Assistant Adjutant-General
G. B. Lartigue	Major and Quartermaster
R. G. Hay	Major and Commissary, Subsistence
E. H. Frost	Captain and Assistant Commissary
Edmund Mazyck	Lieutenant and Ordnance Officer
W. E. Stoney	Captain and Assistant Inspector General
Ben Martin	Lieutenant and Aid-de-Camp
Carlos Tracey	Volunteer Aid-de-Camp
S. N. Bellinger	Mounted Orderlies
Geo. K. Ryan
Dwight Stoney
G. B. Hacker	Office Clerks
F. S. Dibble

ELEVENTH REGIMENT.

               

F. H. Gantt	Colonel Commanding
A. C. Izard	Lieutenant-Colonel
—	Major
C. F. Davis	Adjutant
R. P. Gantt	Assistant Quartermaster
A. E. Williams	Surgeon
J. B. Black	Assistant Surgeon
A. B. Stephens	Chaplain

Company A.

(The Beaufort Artillery.)

Company B.

       

G. J. Westcoat	Captain
H. W. Bowman	First Lieutenant
W. D. Ellis	Second Lieutenant
John Black	Second Lieutenant

Company C.

       

T. D. Leadbetter	Captain
J. J. Guerrard	First Lieutenant
F. R. M. Sineath	Second Lieutenant
T. W. Stales	Second Lieutenant

Company D.

       

J. J. Gooding	Captain
Mac. D. Gooding	First Lieutenant
O. J. Sauls	Second Lieutenant
H. K. Hucks	Second Lieutenant

Company E.

       

J. H. Mickler	Captain
W. Smith	First Lieutenant
T. S. Tuten	Second Lieutenant
Thomas Hamilton	Second Lieutenant

Company F.

       

B. F. Wyman	Captain
J. S. Morrison	First Lieutenant
J. M. Mixon	Second Lieutenant
E. H. Wyman	Second Lieutenant

Company G.

       

W. D. McMillan	Captain
W. M. Wolfe	First Lieutenant
J. H. Brownlee	Second Lieutenant
S. H. Brownlee	Second Lieutenant

Company H.

       

T. E. Raysor	Captain
W. D. Wilson	First Lieutenant
J. P. Mims	Second Lieutenant
L. C. Mellard	Second Lieutenant

Company I.

       

W. S. Campbell	Captain
E. B. Loyless	First Lieutenant
J. C. Riley	Second Lieutenant
Robert Campbell	Second Lieutenant

Company K.

       

J. Boatwright	Captain (suspended)
—	First Lieutenant
L. B. Murdaugh	Second Lieutenant
W. Johns	Second Lieutenant

TWENTY-FIRST REGIMENT.

               

R. F. Graham	Colonel Commanding
A. T. Dargan	Lieutenant Colonel
G. W. McIver	Major
F. Dozier	Adjutant
A. C. McDuffie	Assistant Quartermaster
C. Happoldt	Surgeon
E. B. Smith	Assistant Surgeon
J. E. Dunlap	Chaplain

Company A.

       

J. Harleston Read, Sr.	Captain
Thomas Ford	First Lieutenant
J. H. Read, Jr.	Second Lieutenant
W. R. Ford	Second Lieutenant

Company B.

       

S. H. Wilds	Captain
J. W. King	First Lieutenant
J. L. Hart	Second Lieutenant
—	Second Lieutenant

Company D.

       

M. G. Tant	Captain
J. H. Villeneuer	First Lieutenant
S. D. Sanders	Second Lieutenant
A. A. Vanderford	Second Lieutenant

Company E.

       

B. T. Davis	Captain
A. W. Davis	First Lieutenant
J. A. Craig	Second Lieutenant
Alexander Craig	Second Lieutenant (in hands of enemy)

Company F.

       

J. A. W. Thomas	Captain
N. A. Easterling	First Lieutenant
R. E. Townsend	Second Lieutenant
W. D. Crook	Second Lieutenant

Company G.

       

R. W. Reddy	Captain
J. M. Woodward	First Lieutenant (in hands of enemy)
N. A. Bevile	Second Lieutenant
R. H. Hudson	Second Lieutenant

Company H.

       

(Vacant)	Captain
(Vacant)	First Lieutenant
D. G. Dubose	Second Lieutenant
W. H. Carlisle	Second Lieutenant

Company I.

       

R. G. Howard	Captain (in hands of enemy)
H. M. Cannon	First Lieutenant
W. J. Altman	Second Lieutenant
(Vacant)	Second Lieutenant

Company K.

       

J. W. Owens	Captain
C. L. Sansberry	First Lieutenant
E. B. Green	Second Lieutenant
H. J. Clifton	Second Lieutenant

Company L.

       

H. Legett	Captain
W. B. Baker	First Lieutenant
E. L. Sweet	Second Lieutenant
W. D. Woodbury	Second Lieutenant

This regiment had originally eleven companies. Company C had been
transferred to another command.

TWENTY-FIFTH REGIMENT.

               

C. H. Simonton	Colonel Commanding
John G. Pressley	Lieutenant Colonel
John V. Glover	Major
Geo. H. Moffett	Adjutant
James E. Adger	Quartermaster
W. C. Ravenel	Surgeon
A. J. Beale	Assistant Surgeon
A. F. Dickson	Chaplain

Company A.

       

J. M. Carson	Captain
H. B. Olney	First Lieutenant
J. A. Ross	Second Lieutenant
J. S. Hanahan	Second Lieutenant

Company B.

       

E. W. Lloyd	Captain
J. S. Burgen	First Lieutenant
R. M. Taft	Second Lieutenant
J. E. Bomar	Second Lieutenant

Company C.

       

Thomas J. China	Captain
E. Logan	First Lieutenant
B. P. Brockington	Second Lieutenant
S. J. Montgomery	Second Lieutenant

Company D.

       

W. J. McKerral	Captain
D. G. McKay	First Lieutenant
R. P. Bethea	Second Lieutenant
M. L. Smith	Second Lieutenant

Company E.

       

W. B. Mazyck	Captain
A. J. Mims	First Lieutenant
V. Due	Second Lieutenant
G. M. Salam	Second Lieutenant

Company F.

       

M. H. Sellars	Captain
L. A. Harper	First Lieutenant
John G. Evans	Second Lieutenant
F. E. Shuler	Second Lieutenant

Company G.

       

James F. Izlar	Captain
S. N. Kennerly	First Lieutenant
S. Dibble	Second Lieutenant (in hands of enemy)
G. H. Elliott	Second Lieutenant

Company H.

       

L. S. Hammond	Captain
W. H. Seabrook	First Lieutenant
F. G. Hammond	Second Lieutenant
J. F. Ramsey	Second Lieutenant

Company I.

       

J. C. Burgess	Captain
J. J. Logan	First Lieutenant
F. B. Brown	Second Lieutenant
R. F. Felder	Second Lieutenant

Company K.

       

W. B. Gordon	Captain
F. J. Lesesne	First Lieutenant
E. R. Lesesne	Second Lieutenant
C. Lesesne	Second Lieutenant

TWENTY-SEVENTH REGIMENT.

               

P. C. Gaillard	Colonel Commanding
J. A. Blake	Lieutenant Colonel
Joseph Abney	Major
W. M. Smith	Adjutant
R. Press Smith	Assistant Quartermaster
J. L. Pressley	Surgeon
S. P. Caine	Assistant Surgeon
—	Chaplain

Company A.

       

F. F. Miles	Captain (resigned shortly after)
B. W. Palmer	First Lieutenant
J. W. Axson	Second Lieutenant
J. M. Easterby	Second Lieutenant

Company B.

       

Thos. G. Simons, Jr.	Captain
William Sinkler	First Lieutenant
A. H. Masterman	Second Lieutenant
A. W. Muckenfuss	Second Lieutenant

Company C.

       

Samuel Lord	Captain (resigned shortly after)
George Brown	First Lieutenant
J. Campbell	Second Lieutenant
H. W. Hendrix	Second Lieutenant

Company D.

       

J. Ward Hopkins	Captain
J. A. Cay	First Lieutenant
A. St. John Lance	Second Lieutenant
J. T. Wells	Second Lieutenant

Company E.

       

R. Chisholm	Captain
S. R. Proctor	First Lieutenant
T. B. Crooker	Second Lieutenant
S. M. Kemmerlin	Second Lieutenant

Company F.

         

Joseph Blythe Allston	Captain
J. G. Hugenin	First Lieutenant
M. Stuart	Second Lieutenant
(Detached in enrolling office. Never served with Brigade).
E. P. Cater	Second Lieutenant

Company G.

       

Henry Buist	Captain
E. H. Holman	First Lieutenant
C. J. McBeth	Second Lieutenant
A. B. White	Second Lieutenant

Company H.

       

J. M. Mulraney	Captain
A. A. Allemony	First Lieutenant
J. Burke	Second Lieutenant
R. R. Hogan	Second Lieutenant

Company I.

       

W. D. Walter	Captain
T. R. Lynch	First Lieutenant
J. C. Salters	Second Lieutenant
W. J. Trim	Second Lieutenant

Company K.

       

William Clarkson	Captain
—	First Lieutenant
J. G. Harriss	Second Lieutenant
A. D. Simons	Second Lieutenant

SEVENTH BATTALION.

             

P. H. Nelson	Lieutenant-Colonel Commanding
J. H. Rion	Major
S. W. Nelson	Adjutant
Eli Harrison	Assistant Quartermaster
R. B. Hanahan	Surgeon
—	Assistant Surgeon
—	Chaplain

Company A.

       

B. S. Lucas	Captain
F. McCaskell	First Lieutenant
A. McCaskell	Second Lieutenant
J. W. Gardiner	Second Lieutenant

Company B.

       

John R. Harrison	Captain
J. L. Kennedy	First Lieutenant
H. L. Isbell	Second Lieutenant
S. W. Douglass	Second Lieutenant

Company C.

       

A. W. Pearson	Captain
J. R. Manken	First Lieutenant
—	Second Lieutenant
—	Second Lieutenant

Company D.

       

J. L. Jones	Captain
E. A. Young	First Lieutenant
R. W. Young	Second Lieutenant
R. J. Cunningham	Second Lieutenant

Company E.

       

P. P. Gaillard	Captain
J. M. Ross	First Lieutenant
—	Second Lieutenant
—	Second Lieutenant

Company F.

       

Dove Segars	Captain
William McSween	First Lieutenant
H. D. Tiller	Second Lieutenant
A. W. Raley	Second Lieutenant

Company G.

       

William Clyburn	Captain
L. L. Clyburn	First Lieutenant
W. J. Taylor	Second Lieutenant
T. W. Sligh	Second Lieutenant

Company H.

       

J. H. Brooks	Captain
T. M. McCants	First Lieutenant
William Weston	Second Lieutenant
B. J. Randall	Second Lieutenant

The aggregate strength of the brigade thus formed was four
thousand, two hundred and forty-six (4,246) present and absent,
of whom fully five hundred were detailed in the different workshops,
offices, etc., in the department. The majority of these
men never got into the field. Some of them were properly
detailed where they were, and from their mechanical skill or
other special qualification for the detailed duty were more useful
to the cause than they would have been in the ranks. But most

of them were men whose native repugnance to the field endowed
them with a facility in dodging, which, when backed up by more
or less social influence, enabled them to skulk the war through
as employees in the conscript and other military bureaus, on railroads,
in printing offices, banks, blockade running and other
employments supposed essential to Confederate existence.

A short notice of the history and character of the regiments
now first brought together in brigade organization is necessary.

Eleventh Regiment.

Under the Act of the Legislature of South Carolina passed
December, 1860, to provide "an armed military force," the
original companies of this regiment were raised for twelve months
and went into service on the coast, Colonel Wm. C. Heyward[1]
commanding. It was then called the Ninth South Carolina Volunteers,
and its organization was irregular, having more than ten
companies, and one of these a light battery. The regiment transferred
its service during '61 to the Confederate Government under
arrangement made between the Convention of the State and the
Confederate authorities, and was now known as the Eleventh
South Carolina Volunteers. In May, 1862, it re-enlisted for "two
years or the war." A more general bouleversment of officers took
place upon the re-enlistment in this regiment than in any other
South Carolina command at the re-elections through a most mistaken
policy, permitted by the government. The regiment was
seriously and permanently injured.

Its service had been uneventful to this date. Some of its companies
had been engaged at the bombardment of the forts at Port
Royal in 1861, and at the Battle of Pocotaligo, in '62, a portion
of it had won reputation, while the remainder of the regiment
had suffered some loss (its major, Harrison, included), being fired
into upon a railroad train while en route to the scene of action,
when it arrived after the repulse of the enemy. At the siege of
Charleston, the regiment had not borne as prominent a part as
some others, though here as well as in Florida, whither it had
been sent in the latter part of the siege, it had done its duty well
when called upon.

Its present commander, Colonel Gantt, had been a lieutenant
in the original regiment and was, on the reorganization, elected
lieutenant-colonel. He succeeded Ellis on the latter's being compelled
to resign to avoid charges of incompetency. Ellis—a crossroad
politician—had been elected over Heyward without having
served a day in this or any other regiment. Colonel Gantt had
been at the State Military School, and his lieutenant-colonel,
Izard, had held a commission in the United States navy. Colonel
Izard served very little with the regiment after it was brigaded;
he was most of his time on sick leave. Gooding, the senior
captain, who succeeded to the majority, was an incubus upon the
command, without soldierly spirit, and yet with ability enough to
keep clear of such derelictions of duty as would bring him before
a court. Finally, however, in the waning days of the Confederacy,
he overstayed a leave under circumstances almost amounting
to desertion and was dropped from the rolls.

Colonel Gantt was a good drill officer and had his regiment in
fair discipline and presenting a good military appearance when
it reported to the brigade. Its subsequent history will show that
it had much good material in the ranks and among its officers,
many of whom were worthy of their commissions.

This regiment was chiefly raised in Beaufort and Colleton Districts.

The Twenty-first Regiment

Was organized 12th November, 1861, under a call upon South
Carolina for additional troops and was mustered into Confederate
service 1st January, 1862, for "three years or the war." It
was drawn from what is known as the Pee Dee region of the
State. Colonel Graham, its commander, had been an officer in
Gregg's six-months regiment. Its lieutenant-colonel, Dargan,
and its major, McIver, were excellent officers, and in the subordinate
grades was found the usual melange—some as gallant and
noble spirits as ever bore a sword or stopped a bullet—many who
creditably filled their positions, and some of the earth, earthy.
The regiment had been, from its organization, on the coast of
South Carolina, and had borne a conspicuous part in the siege of
Charleston. From its somewhat eventful service here, it was at
this time more or less disorganized and required attention.

Twenty-fifth Regiment.

Companies A and B of this regiment were raised from the
Washington Light Infantry, a time-honored militia organization
of Charleston, which also contributed a company to the
Hampton Legion. These companies went into State service,
serving at Coles Island the winter of '61-'62, and called themselves
The Eutaw Battalion, Simonton, senior captain, commanding.
Upon the reorganization of the First South Carolina
(Hagood's) regiment in April, 1862, three of its companies
(Pressley's, Glover's and Sellars') seceded, as they were permitted
by the law to do, to this battalion, and it grew into a
regiment by the addition of newly raised companies. On 22nd
July, 1862, it was mustered into Confederate service for "three
years or the war." Captain Simonton became its colonel. He
was a lawyer of prominence in Charleston, both before and after
the war. His service with his regiment during its connection
with the brigade was limited, he being most of the time detached
on post duty. Captains Pressley and Glover became respectively
lieutenant-colonel and major, and were both most excellent and
meritorious officers. Among the subordinates were a number of
first-class officers, and the men were of excellent material. Companies
A and B were raised in Charleston; the other companies
from the middle country of the State.

The discipline and esprit of the regiment was good. Its service
had been principally in and around Charleston. It was creditably
engaged at the Battle of Secessionville, among the troops
outside of the fort. During the existing siege of the city, it had
had a comparatively easy time on James Island until the last
days of Wagner, when for the first time it was part of the garrison.
Under its lieutenant-colonel, Pressley, it had then behaved
with much steadiness, and met with considerable loss. Under the
same meritorious officer it was engaged in the affair of the 16th
July with General Terry's forces on James Island, and it had
borne its share by detail in the other duties and events of the
siege.

Twenty-seventh Regiment.

The Charleston Battalion, composing the first six companies of
this regiment, was originally raised in Charleston and mustered

into Confederate service in March, '62. In its subsequent history,
it received many recruits from the country, but its officers were
almost without exception Charlestonians, and the city element
largely predominated in the ranks. The several companies were
offshoots from the old militia organizations of the city and
among themselves retained the names of their parent companies.
Indeed this was common throughout the brigade, and there was
scarcely a company in any of the regiments which, though known
officially as Company A or Company B of such a regiment, had
not some fancy name by which they were fond of calling themselves
and by which they were generally known at home. P. C.
Gaillard was the lieutenant-colonel commanding and David
Ramsay major. Colonel Gaillard had graduated at West Point,
a contemporary of General Bragg's, had served in the United
States Army, and subsequently for many years was engaged in
commercial pursuits in Charleston. He was a man with much of
the old Roman type of character about him, had unbounded
influence over his command, and was every inch a soldier. Notwithstanding
his age and the loss of an arm at Wagner, he served
faithfully with his regiment under every hardship of the campaign
of '64 in Virginia, until, toward its close, his health succumbed
and he was compelled to go upon the retired list and a
post command.

Major Ramsay was a lawyer of high culture and fell at Wagner
on the 18th July.

The battalion of sharpshooters composing the remaining companies
of the regiment was raised in June, 1862, under orders
from Richmond, partly by compulsory drafts from regiments
already in service, and partly by voluntary enlistment. The
officers were appointed, not elected, and the organization was
rather that of Regulars than Volunteers.

In passing, it may be remarked that the scheme of the War
Department of raising a special corps of sharpshooters failed, and
though in this instance some excellent companies were formed,
they never did duty other than infantry of the line. Indeed,
as the war progressed, the whole Confederate Army rapidly
became light infantry in mobility and appointments, and in a
wooded country, with the Enfield rifle or its equivalent on both
sides, it was seldom that anything but the ordinary skirmisher

was needed. Under the circumstances, the repeating firearm was
a greater advantage than any increased length of range or special
accuracy of fire, the Enfield carrying its missile with deadly force
and accuracy across most of the open levels encountered. There
were occasions, however, such as at Wagner, at Petersburg and
elsewhere in the writer's experience, when a few telescopic rifles,
such as Whitworths, distributed through a regiment—say one to
the company—were capable of good service. The possession of
such a rifle might have been made a mark of honor as well as skill
in the beam.

Major Abney, commanding the sharpshooters' battalion, had
served in Mexico as lieutenant in the Palmetto Regiment; had in
this war been elected to the command of one of the regiments
raised in the State in the spring of '62, and, upon the inevitable
reorganization upon entering Confederate service, a few weeks
afterwards had been ousted by a man who was subsequently
broken for cowardice. Abney was a brave man, but his habits were
not good, and his virtues were rather passive than active. Blake,
the lieutenant-colonel, also was a negative character. Both he and
Abney had not sufficient elan and failed to command the confidence
of their men. When Gaillard was absent, the regiment
always did better under one of its many good subordinates.
Abney's health became bad and he went on the retired list; and
Blake was dropped for over-staying a leave in the spring of '65.
He appealed, however, alleging great injustice done him, and
was granted a court amid the rapidly culminating misfortunes of
the Confederacy, the decision of which was never announced.

The Twenty-seventh was especially claimed by the Charlestonians
as their regiment, and in consequence of its local popularity
many of the best young men of the city were in its ranks.
The average intelligence and social position of the rank and file
were thus greater than most regiments, and its discipline and
character were peculiar. It was not equal to some others in discipline,
but under Gaillard, or any other of its officers who
possessed its confidence, it would go anywhere and do anything.
Under Blake or Abney it was far less efficient. There was too
much intelligence and too little rigidity of discipline in its ranks
for men without force of character to command it successfully.
This regiment, like the others, had served only in South Carolina,

but had been peculiarly fortunate in its service. It had won
honor in the fort at Secessionville in '62; had been Talliferro's
mainstay at Wagner on the 18th July; a portion of it had been
Elliott's garrison at Sumter when the boat attack was repulsed;
and two of its sharpshooter companies had obtained honorable
mention at Pocotaligo.

The Seventh Battalion.

Lieutenant-Colonel Nelson, commanding this battalion, had
commenced the war as brigadier-general of State troops at the
reduction of Sumter, and General Hagood, then Colonel of the
First South Carolina, had been attached to his command. When,
shortly afterward, the State troops were transferred to Confederate
service, the general officers lost their commissions, Nelson
returned home and raised this battalion "for the war." He was a
planter, a gentleman of high culture and fine presence, and an
excellent officer. Major Rion had commenced the war as colonel
of the Sixth South Carolina, had lost his commission in the
re-election consequent upon taking Confederate service; had
raised a company and joined Nelson. He was a leading lawyer
of Fairfield District, both before and after the war. The subordinate
officers were, with scarce an exception, good and some
superior, and the men of excellent material. This battalion came
nearer to Regulars in discipline and uniform efficiency at all
times and under all circumstances than any volunteer troops the
writer met with during the war; and this was largely due to the
zeal and ability of Major Rion.

The battalion had served with distinction at Pocotaligo,
arriving on a railroad train in time by a vigorous assault to
decide the day. It had also borne honorable part in the existing
siege of Charleston. It was drawn from the central districts of
the State.

Such, briefly, was the character of the regiments now organized
and known afterward as "Hagood's Brigade," as it appeared
to one who knew them intimately, and who appreciated, as
one appreciates a well-tried blade, that exalted heroism and
unflinching devotion which marked their subsequent career as a
body, but who had no respect for individuals in such a corps who
fell short of its high standard—men bearing commissions in the

spirit of a conscript, while there were privates in their commands
clad in rags, often infested with vermin, who went into action,
or endured the hardships of the march and the trench, as if they
bore a marshal's baton.

The following anecdote will show the estimate in which the
regiments were held by one of the higher rank, who knew them
well. On the lines before Bermuda Hundreds in May, '64, General
Bragg, then holding staff position at Richmond, asked
General Hagood in presence of General Beauregard what sort
of a brigade he had. General Beauregard replied by narrating
the incident mentioned in the Memoirs of the Second Military
District (Vol. I, page 112) of Hagood's disappointment in going
with the brigade sent to Vicksburg, and said: "I told him, then,
that when opportunity served I would give him a good brigade
with which to take the field; and I gave him the best troops I
had, sir."

At the date of the order organizing the brigade, most of the
regiments composing it were on James Island, constituting chiefly
the infantry supports of the battalion of the east lines—a subdivision
then commanded by General Hagood. The others were
concentrated under his command in this position as soon as
circumstances permitted. Gilmore's active operations had ceased,
as before narrated, with the boat attack on Sumter, and the siege
had subsided into a matter of long range fire. This state of
affairs chiefly occupied the artillery, and afforded opportunity
of bringing the brigade into a high state of efficiency, which was
eagerly embraced.

The following circular was issued, and its directions enforced:

Circular.

I. A course of instruction in drill will be instituted by the several commandants
of regiments of the brigade as follows: The six (6) lessons in
the battalion drill (Hardee's 2 Vol.) will be gone through with on successive
days; and then three successive days will be devoted to the skirmish drill
including the deployment of the battalion.[2] These duties will be had in

the afternoon, and in the forenoon of the same day, each regimental commander
will have caused his officers to recite on the lessons of the day—
blackboards or some substitute being used.

II. Special attention will be given in this course to the guides, and
commandants of the regiments are required to reduce to the ranks any noncommissioned
officer, who, after reasonable instruction, fails to become
master of his duty. The "advance in line" must be practised until the
troops are perfect in its execution and its principles thoroughly understood.
The troops must also be accustomed to manœuver as well by the rear rank
as by the front, by inversion as by direction.

The "formation against cavalry," the "instructions for skirmishers," the
"advance in line" and the "march in column" are of chief importance in
the drill; and their relative importance is in the inverse order in which
they are here enumerated. The points to be looked to in the march of a
column, whatever the breadth of its front, are (1) that the depth of the
column never exceeds the width the troops are to occupy in line of battle.
(2) That meeting an obstacle in the march, the men do not improperly
break into files to pass it. (3) That no man, upon any pretense whatever,
falls out of the ranks without the permission first obtained of his captain.
The first two rules are to prevent fatigue to the men in closing up from
time to time, and to prevent delay in the march of an army. A single
battalion may lose but ten minutes on a march in thus improperly breaking
into file, that will delay a brigade near an hour, and a division five hours,
in which time a battle may be lost or won. The third rule is to prevent
the evil of straggling, and all these rules will be enforced in this brigade
on all marches, however distant from the enemy—whether going to or returning
from duty, or upon any other occasion. Discipline is the result of
habit, and careless habits in this particular must not be formed, or, if
formed, must be broken. Officers must use such means, amounting to severity
if necessary, as will enforce these rules, and they alone will be held
responsible for any departure from them.

III. Commanding officers will notify these headquarters of the hours
in the afternoon each may select for the drills ordered to the end that the
brigadier-general may when practical be present.

By command Brigadier-General Hagood.

At a later day, when the brigade was in the field, a standing
order, of which the following is an extract, prescribed minutely
the details necessary to secure the proper conduct of marches,
and regimental commandants were held directly responsible to
the brigade commander for their proper observance:

"On all marches the officers second in rank present for duty
with each regiment, together with the assistant surgeon, or in his
absence the surgeon, will follow the regiment and be accompanied

by a non-commissioned officer and a file of men. This will be the
regimental rear-guard. The last regiment will, however, have
instead a company as brigade rear-guard, and will be accompanied
by the brigade surgeon and the surgeons who may not be
immediately in rear of their regiments, filling the places of absent
assistant surgeons. The ambulances will follow immediately
thereafter and be succeeded by the ordnance wagons; and then
the quartermaster's train, when the latter marches with the
brigade. The commanding officer of the regiment will habitually
march at its head, but he will frequently stop and let it march
past him, to see that it marches properly. He will always do this
upon encountering a rivulet or other obstruction which the men
may be inclined to break their ranks in passing. This is most
positively forbidden; all such places must be passed in proper
order, and the regimental commander will immediately arrest
and report any captain who fails to bring his company properly
through such places. No discretion is allowed the regimental
commander in such cases. An officer or man unable from any
reason to keep up with the march will obtain from his immediate
commander verbal permission to fall out. The regimental rear-guard
will examine him, and if properly out of the ranks the
assistant surgeon will give him written permission to fall to the
rear, when the brigade surgeon will take such action as the case,
in his opinion, requires. The brigade surgeon will be careful to
allow no one to ride in the ambulances except in case of necessity.
The files will be kept closed in marching and dressed,
though the precision of the drill is not required. File closers will
be held responsible for this by their company commanders. Cases
of unauthorized straggling will be made by regimental commanders
the subject of severe and summary discipline; it is the
highest military offense, next to desertion.

"When in line of battle, the horses of those who do not ride in
action[3] will be kept in the neighborhood of the field infirmary.
The brigade quartermaster will see that they are supplied with
forage at this point; and he will cause a light forage wagon to
follow the brigade when the general quartermaster's train does
not march in the column. A mounted quartermaster's man will

have charge of this matter and of the ambulances, and always be
with the column.

"Regimental commanders will hold their assistant quartermasters
responsible for the regular supply of properly cooked
food for their men. Any irregularity in this matter is prima
facie the fault of these officers for which they must account."

The brigade inspector also habitually marched with the rear-guard,
which, when he was present, took its orders from him.
In traveling by rail, other standing orders directed the company
formation to be retained as far as practicable and company
officers were required to ride with their men. A guard was kept
in each car. In marches, which he could control, General Hagood
always ten minutes after the march commenced halted for ten
minutes to allow the men to adjust their packs and attend to the
calls of nature. Afterwards he halted ten minutes in every hour.
He always, too, after one of these halts, gave a preliminary signal
to prepare to march. The writer has seen much unnecessary
fatigue to the men and much discreditable lengthening of column
by the absence of method in conducting a march. The practice
in the Army of Northern Virginia was to have halts at no regular
time, and, after a temporary halt, for the head of the column to
move off without a general signal given, and each regiment arose
in succession from the roadside where the men were resting and
followed the march only from seeing the regiment ahead of it
move. Thus the extra fatigue of hurrying up to close the column
did away with the benefit of the rest. The march of the Confederate
armies was habitually in "column of fours."

But to return to James Island. Subsequently to the course of
regimental instruction, a school for field officers was opened at
brigade headquarters with daily recitations and drills in evolutions
of the line. Before this course was completed, each field
officer was qualified and required to drill the brigade. The
clothing, transportation and equipment of the brigade was at
the same time inspected and renewed and completed, through the
medium of proper requisitions. The ordnance was specially put
upon an excellent footing. The long Enfield rifle, with accoutrements
complete, was obtained for the whole command, except
Gantt's regiment, and a small corps of artisans (selected from
the ranks) was organized with traveling forges, etc., to render

the command independent in matters of repair. Gantt's regiment
remained armed with the smooth-bore musket until the
victory of Drury's Bluff, when it armed itself upon the field with
Enfields, and thenceforward the brigade was relieved from the
inconvenience of having two calibres among its arms, and was in
effectiveness of weapon upon a footing with the troops it
encountered.

The following circular organized a Pioneer Corps and completed
the preparation for the expected field service of the
ensuing campaign:

Circular.

I. A Pioneer Corps will be organized for this brigade, and Major Gooding,
Eleventh South Carolina, is assigned to its command.

II. Captains of companies under the supervision of regimental commanders
will at once indicate from their respective companies each two
men, having regard solely to their fitness from previous occupation for this
purpose. The regimental commanders will each select a lieutenant of
energetic and practical habits and report his name, rank, etc., together with
the names of the men selected from their respective commands, to these
headquarters.

III. The brigade quartermaster will issue, upon the requisition of Major
Gooding, the necessary axes, spades and picks, together with the necessary
slings for carrying them.

IV. The brigade ordnance officer will furnish to the Pioneer Corps the
short Enfield rifle instead of the long Enfield, which the men now have,
and see that they are supplied with proper slings for carrying them.

V. It is intended upon ordinary occasions that the officers and men of
this corps shall remain and do duty, as usual, with their respective commands.
In all marches, however, of the regiment, its Pioneers will be
detached under its lieutenant and precede it. When the brigade moves the
whole corps will precede the column under command of its field officer, the
packs of the men being carried upon the baggage wagons. Upon marches,
the corps will be excused from camp guard and picket duty. In action, the
men and officers will return to their respective commands. Should this,
under the circumstances, be impracticable, the corps will take its place in
line of battle as a separate battalion.

VI. Upon all inspections and reviews, the Pioneers will appear united
under their officers. The men will be held as strictly responsible for the
condition of their implements as for their arms and accoutrements. Company
commanders are charged with this and are held responsible that the
implements are not used for ordinary camp purposes. The senior officer
of the corps will inspect it once a month by regiments, and report its condition

to these headquarters, commandants of regiments ordering out the
Pioneers upon the request of this officer.

VII. Major Gooding will keep rolls and rosters, and take all necessary
steps to make his corps efficient in the spirit of this order.

By command Brigadier-General Hagood.

Major Lartigue, the brigade quartermaster, took special interest
in equipping this corps, and devised very complete slings for
carrying the implements with ease to the men even at a double
quick.

As thus organized, the corps was continued and did good
service until the fall of '64, though, after the brigade was assigned
to Hoke's Division, it was generally (under a lieutenant) a part
of the Division Pioneer Corps. In October, 1864, General Lee, in
an effort to increase the fighting strength of his attenuated army,
ordered all such corps broken up and the men returned to the
ranks. Instead, he directed one man from each company to be
selected and known as "Pioneer," who, as such, was exempted
from guard and picket duty, but in all other respects was considered
a soldier in the ranks. In like manner commissioned and
non-commissioned officers were selected who were to be put in
charge when these pioneers were called together.

The fact was, that this campaign had been so much one continued
siege, and the men were by this time so thoroughly
indoctrinated with notions of the value of breastworks and rifle
pits, that the entrenching tools with which each company had
been supplied, or had supplied itself, were carried as its most
valuable property. Peculations of these cherished implements
were not uncommon, and on the march it was not an unusual sight
to see a company officer carrying a cherished spade or pick, after
it had successively passed through the hands of some half dozen
wearied soldiers of his command, each of whom had borne it in
addition to his arms. A special corps supplied with such implements
was, therefore, no longer important.

In the general organization of the Confederate armies, at first
there were brigade and regimental commissaries—all commissioned.
At the date of which we are now writing, the regimental
commissaries had been discontinued, and their duties assigned to
the regimental assistant quartermasters, aided by regimental

commissary sergeants. At a later day the regimental assistant
quartermasters were discontinued, and the organization was a
commissary and a quartermaster to the brigade, each ranking as
major, and each with an assistant, ranking as captain. There
remained throughout a commissary sergeant and a quartermaster
sergeant to each regiment.

The medical corps consisted, during the whole war, of a surgeon
and an assistant surgeon to each regiment, and when
brigaded, the senior surgeon assumed control and was known as
the brigade surgeon.

These various staff officers in the beginning were all nominated
by the line officer to whose corps they were attached. Afterwards
they were transferred and assigned from corps to corps by the
chief of their respective bureaus at Richmond without consulting
the line officer commanding, and often to his chagrin and disgust.
The same general remarks as to organization, appointment
and assignment apply to the adjutants, inspectors and ordnance
officers. Major-generals, lieutenant-generals and generals had
each their staff officers of each department for their respective
commands, and a bureau chief of each department of the staff was
located at Richmond.

There were also post quartermasters, and post commissaries,
whose duties never led them into the field, and who were too often
corrupt speculators upon the necessities of their suffering country.
It was the shortcomings of this class that brought the very name
of commissary and quartermaster into odium and contempt. Of
those officers of these departments who served with the armies in
the field, the writer deems it but justice to say that there was as
much high tone and devotion to the cause among those whom he
met as among any other class of officers in the service. He
desires here to record his appreciation of the gentlemen who filled
these offices in his command. They yielded to no members of his
staff in patriotism, high honor and personal gallantry. Their
names will not as often occur in these memoirs as others, for the
discharge of their necessary duties oftenest kept them in the rear,
but they were always ready, when these permitted, to come to him
as volunteers in action—and on these occasions did always well.

CAMPAIGN OF 1864 IN VIRGINIA.

The winter, with its comparative quiet, had closed; and the
opposing parties were concentrating and marshalling their forces
for a more vigorous and decisive campaign than had yet marked
the history of the war. Virginia and Tennessee were respectively
in the east and the west, the theaters upon which the opposing
banners were unfurled, and it was evident that around these two
centers would be collected in hostile array all of strength that
either party possessed.

Gilmore, with the bulk of his army, had early in April been
transferred to Virginia. Beauregard had been assigned to the
command of the "Department of North Carolina and Southern
Virginia"—a territorial command extending from Wilmington
to James River in Virginia.

Wise's and Walker's (formerly Evans's) brigades had followed
him, and Hagood's and Colquitt's brigades alone remained of the
infantry lying at Charleston during the winter of '63-'64. These
soon followed, Hagood's first and Colquitt's a week afterward.

Hagood's brigade commenced moving by rail on the night of
the 28th of April for Wilmington, where it was directed to report
by letter to General Beauregard, whose headquarters were at
Weldon. The whole brigade, with its transportation, was not
concentrated at Wilmington till the 4th May. It was encamped
some two miles east of the city.

On the 5th May, the brigade received orders to proceed by rail
to Petersburg, its train to move by highway. Owing to insufficient
transportation, the brigade moved in fragments. Lieutenant-Colonel
Dargan was dispatched with seven companies of
the Twenty-first on the 5th, early in the day, and was followed
by Colonel Graham with the remaining companies of that regiment
and three companies of the Twenty-fifth. Next day General
Hagood moved with the Twenty-seventh regiment and the
remaining companies of the Twenty-fifth. Later in the day, the
Eleventh regiment and Seventh battalion followed. A few cooking
utensils were taken along. The horses of all the mounted officers,
except the general and staff, together with the ambulances, had to
go by highway with the train. No baggage was carried except
upon the persons of officers and men. This with the men was
excessive. They had good knapsacks, and, with the reluctance of

all troops fresh from stationary quarters to throw away their
little comforts, had overloaded their packs. So far it was very
well, but in the active operations, into which they at once entered
upon their arrival at Petersburg, in the first day's marching and
fighting, off went the knapsacks, one by one, as its owner became
excited or jaded; and thus was lost to him his necessaries as well
as superfluities, while if he had only been burthened with the first
it would have been borne and retained. Much discomfort and
suffering resulted to the men from want of cleanliness, consequent
upon this loss in the beginning of the campaign.

It had been foreseen by the brigade commander, when he
observed the men laden like pack horses in moving from Charleston,
and he had warned regimental commanders against permitting
it. He should have interdicted it himself.

It is not within the scope of these Memoirs to go into the
general strategy of the Virginia campaign, but some reference to
it is necessary to understand the part borne by the brigade.

Grant, made lieutenant-general and commander-in-chief of all
the armies of the United States a few months before, had made
his headquarters with the Army of the Potomac, numbering some
140,000 men and lying behind the Rapidan, sixty miles north of
the Confederate Capital. It was confronted by the Army of
Northern Virginia under Lee, numbering about 52,000 of all
arms.[4] The City of Richmond was Grant's objective, and he
proposed to move upon it by the direct overland route, while Butler,
moving from Fortress Monroe up the James, was to secure a
point at its junction with the Appomattox from which to operate
on the southern communications of Richmond. There was also
to be made a co-operative move under Hunter from the Valley
against the western communications of Richmond, which, when
made, resulted in little but covering the Federal Army with
infamy for its wanton and merciless destruction of private
propery.[5] And in Tennessee and elsewhere in the West, Grant
had ordered a heavy and continuous aggressive to be taken to
keep re-enforcements from Lee. To sap the Confederate sources

of material supply, razzias by light movable columns for the purpose
of destroying railroads, mills, provisions, growing crops,
farm stock and buildings, were to be specially organized. The
regular Federal columns were to devote as much attention to these
objects as was consistent with other and less congenial duties.
And wherever Federal influence extended, persistent efforts were
to be made in debauching the black agricultural labor of the
country. These raids and these practices upon the blacks had
their inception earlier in the war, but in this campaign, and as
the struggle culminated, the first became more pitiless, and the
last, in the decreasing area covered by Confederate arms, more
effective.

The move from Fortress Monroe was, however, the most
important and threatening diversion in the programme of the
Virginia campaign; and with thirty to forty thousand men and a
large naval armament was entrusted to General B. F. Butler, of
New Orleans notoriety.

On the 4th May, Grant crossed the Rapidan and commenced
his overland march. On the same day Butler commenced ascending
the James. On the night of the 5th, he debarked at Bermuda
Hundreds, the peninsular made by the confluence of the James
and the Appomattox, and began to entrench across its narrow
neck about three miles from the railroad connecting Petersburg
and Richmond. On the 6th, he threw out a brigade to destroy the
railroad at Walthal Junction.

Beauregard's troops were much scattered over his extensive
territorial command, pending the developments of the enemy's
designs. The largest portion were with General Hoke, who had
recently been engaged in some successful offensive operations in
Eastern North Carolina. Very few, if any, troops other than
local militia of an inferior character were under General Pickett,
commanding at Petersburg; and it was to meet and delay Butler's
advance that Hagood's brigade had been pushed forward, while
Beauregard got the balance of his troops in hand and drew
re-enforcements from further South.

Affair at Walthal Junction.

Colonel Graham, with the companies he had moved with,
arrived at Petersburg and was pushed forward by General

[ILLUSTRATION]

Pickett to Walthal Junction, reaching the latter place a little
before 5 p. m. on the 6th May, and there found Lieutenant-Colonel
Dargan's detachment which had preceded him about an hour.
This raised his force to about 600 men, composed of his own regiment
and three companies of the Twenty-fifth under Major
Glover. As Graham's men jumped off the platform cars upon
which they were borne, the brigade of the enemy,[6] before alluded
to as thrown forward against the railroad, was in view some
thousand yards off across an open field, advancing in line of
battle and supported by artillery. Informed by a citizen of the
topography, Graham rapidly advanced his men to a sunken road,
running parallel to the railroad and some 300 yards nearer to the
enemy. In this natural trench he took position across the field,
his right resting upon a wood, and his left upon a ravine. A
brisk action ensued. The enemy made two direct attacks, and
after his second repulse, at nightfall, withdrew, leaving some of
his dead and wounded upon the field. Graham's loss was two
killed and thirty-one wounded.[7] He spoke well of the spirit and
steadiness of his men.

At 8 p. m. the same evening, General Hagood arrived at Petersburg
with the remaining seven companies of the Twenty-fifth,
commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel Pressley. After some delay
in rationing the men, he moved forward to re-enforce Graham.
Roger A. Pryor, formerly a brigadier of the Confederate Army,
but now a private trooper acting as guide and courier to General
Pickett, piloted him to the scene of action. Arrived at the Junction,
General Hagood found General Bushrod Johnson there,
who informed him that hearing Graham's firing he had marched
to his assistance from the direction of Drury's Bluff with a
brigade of 1,168 Tennesseeans and had arrived during the night.
Gaillard, with the Twenty-seventh regiment, joined Hagood at
daybreak and raised his command to an aggregate of 1,500 men.
General Johnson, having the senior commission, assumed the
command, and shortly after daylight General D. H. Hill arrived
upon the field. This officer, in consequence of some difficulty with
the President and General Bragg, under whom he had recently

served in Tennessee, was without a command at this time, but,
unwilling to be idle at a time when the country had so much need
of the services of her sons, had attached himself as aide to General
Beauregard's staff. Although General Johnson was in command
at the Junction, the ensuing operations of the day had their
inspiration and direction largely from General Hill.

After daylight on the 7th, it was ascertained that the enemy
had entirely withdrawn from our immediate front, and scouts
reported them in the vicinity of Warbottom Church, about three
miles off and somewhat to our left. About 10 a. m., General
Hagood was directed to move across Ashton Creek towards the
Church to feel and develop their strength and position. General
Hill accompanied him, and he was told that Johnson would
follow in support with his brigade. He moved in column of fours
along the narrow road through the woods, the Twenty-seventh
leading and skirmishers well advanced. In about a mile the
skirmishers encountered the enemy's cavalry[8] advancing, and fired
upon them, driving them back. The Twenty-seventh was at once
deployed to the right of the road, and the skirmish line strengthened.
A desultory skirmish ensued; and the enemy showing a
disposition to develop to our left, three companies of the Twenty-fifth
regiment were deployed on the line of the Twenty-seventh
and to the left of the road. It soon became evident that under
cover of this skirmish the enemy was moving masses of infantry
to our left, with a view of flanking us and striking the railroad,
and, upon General Hill's returning and reporting the fact to
Johnson, Hagood was directed to withdraw and take position
along the railroad at the Junction. This he did in column, using
the skirmish line deployed and slightly engaged, first as flankers
and afterward as a rear guard, as the direction of the road interposed
them between himself and the enemy. In the meanwhile
a force of the enemy had appeared south of Ashton Creek,
advancing over the ground of Graham's affair of the evening
before; and Johnson's brigade had not moved in support of
Hagood. A few discharges from Hanker's battery of field pieces
caused this force to retire. It was evident that an attack in force
was now about to be made. Our line was formed along the railroad
with Hagood's left resting where the turnpike crossed it

and Johnson's men prolonging the right toward and beyond
Craig's house. Hagood had the Twenty-first regiment in reserve
upon the turnpike. The artillery (six pieces) were placed by
General Johnson near Craig's house. He had two other pieces
sent him from Petersburg manned by uninstructed men (convalescents
and men on furlough of other arms picked up in the
city), who, when the action commenced, deserted their guns
without firing a shot. The enemy reappeared in front of Johnson
about 2 p. m. in their original force, estimated by him at four
regiments and a battery of artillery, which failed to engage him
except with artillery at long range, and was replied to by his
batteries. This demonstration had, however, the effect of neutralizing
Johnson's 1,168 men, who remained quietly watching it
during the action that ensued, and lost only seven men wounded
by shells.

At the same time (about 2 p. m.) the enemy appeared in two
strong lines of battle with skirmishers thrown out and supported
by artillery on Hagood's front. He approached from across the
valley of Ashton Creek, here without swamp or woods, and his
line was oblique to ours and tending to overlap it to the left.
After a half hour's brisk fighting, he retired his lines somewhat,
though still engaging us at longer range, and under cover of an
intermediate wood moved his second line by a flank across the
railroad, and it soon reappeared approaching upon Hagood's
left and rear, the left of this force being upon the prolongation
of our line of battle. The movement was concealed by woods
until the flanking party was within easy rifle range.

The Twenty-first regiment had been ordered up into line on
the left in the beginning of the action; and, upon suddenly receiving
this flank fire, broke. The men went back slowly, but their
organization was broken, and they were deaf to the expostulations
of those officers who tried to stop them. General Hagood, perceiving
the critical condition of things, proceeded at full speed
with his mounted staff to lend assistance in rallying the men.
The brave Lieutenant-Colonel Dargan was killed with the colors
in his hands, waving them and calling to his men to rally.
Graham was shot in the leg, while actively struggling against the
impending rout, and had to leave the field. The command of the
regiment then devolved upon Wilds, the senior captain, Major

McIver being absent. Captain Stoney, of the staff, fell from his
horse with a minnie ball through his lungs, while nobly doing
his duty. At length, by dint of entreaty, expostulation and
threats, the retrograde movement was checked. Captain Tracy,
volunteer aid-de-camp, seized the colors from the sergeant then
bearing them and planted them in the ground. Lieutenant Chappell,
commanding a company, rallied some dozen of his men upon
it; and at once the whole current of feeling in the regiment
seemed changed. The men formed right and left upon the colors,
under the hot fire of the advancing enemy, with something of the
precision of the dress parade. As they formed, General Hagood,
to steady them, made them lie down and return the enemy's fire
from that position. While this regiment was being rallied the
two remaining regiments were being bent back to conform to
the new position; and the result of the whole was to change our
position as if he had half changed front to the rear on the right
company of his right regiment. He now partially confronted
at once both the force which had first engaged him and that
approaching on the flank, both heavily pressing with fire, but the
latter only advancing. As soon as his new line was taken, General
Hagood ordered an advance. The brigade rushed forward
with enthusiasm, and drove back the flanking line—they not
again appearing in that direction. This advance regained us the
railroad, but the right of Hagood's brigade now rested at the
turnpike crossing, where his left had first been. The enemy
again massed heavily in Hagood's front and essayed an advance,
but his men, sheltered in the railroad cut, easily repelled this
attack with little loss to themselves.

Between 4 and 5 p. m. the engagements ceased, except the
firing of sharpshooters and artillery on both sides; and before dark
the enemy withdrew from the field unpursued and carrying off
most of his wounded. Hagood's force, as before stated, was 1,500
men and his loss during the day was 22 killed, 132 wounded, and
13 missing. The force of the enemy was five brigades of infantry,
under General Brooks,[9] with the usual proportion of artillery
and a regiment of cavalry. His loss was heavy. General Johnston
estimated it at 1,000; prisoners put it larger, but it was
probably not so great. During the action Hagood was assisted

at different times by two pieces of artillery sent to him from the
right, but they were of very little service, getting twice out of
ammunition after very few discharges and going half a mile to
the rear to replenish it. General Johnson replied to his call for
assistance, when the Twenty-first broke, that the enemy were too
threatening on his front to spare it.

The Eleventh regiment and Seventh battalion arrived upon
the field after the action. Pickets were thrown out and the sad
duty of burying the dead and caring for the wounded was performed
without distinction between friend and foe.

The brunt of this action fell upon Hagood's brigade; and in
the progress of the narrative it will be seen that it saved Petersburg.
By the time the enemy were again ready to advance sufficient
re-enforcements had arrived to hold the place. The citizens
appreciated the fact, and were enthusiastic in their gratitude. A
flag was voted the brigade by the ladies; the merchants would
take no pay from the men for their little purchases, and from at
least one pulpit thanks were offered for the "timely arrival of the
1,500 brave South Carolinians." The brigade did acquit itself
well. It was its first fight upon Virginia soil, and a creditable
letter of introduction to the battle-scarred veterans of Lee among
whom it was shortly merged.

Lieutenant-Colonel Pressley had his arm shattered by a rifle
bullet in the charge which decided the fortunes of the day, and
refused assistance, ordering back into the advancing ranks men
who stopped to aid him. The arm was resected at the shoulder
joint, and, though afterwards of some service to him, the colonel
was never again fit for the field. The brigade from this time lost
the valuable services of that meritorious officer. Glover succeeded
to the command of the regiment in the absence of Simonton,
who had remained upon detached duty at Charleston.

Private Vince Bellinger, a cripple from wounds received at
Secessionville and on light duty with the commissary, quit the
train when he heard the battle was going against us and came
upon the field. Picking up the rifle of a fallen man, he joined a
company and fought well during the balance of the day. Captain
Sellars, of the Twenty-fifth, was wounded and returned to the
fight after having the wound dressed. Lieutenants Moffett and
Due, Sergeant W. V. Izler and Private I. S. Shomaker, of the

Twenty-fifth, and Sergeants Pickens Butler Watts, J. B. Abney
and J. P. Gibbons, with Corporal J. Booser and Private
Aemiliers Irving, of the Twenty-seventh, were mentioned for
gallantry by their regimental commanders. No report of the
kind was received from the Twenty-first, in consequence of the
fall of its field officers and the succession of Captain Wilds to the
command late in the action. There were many instances, however,
of devotion in its ranks, and General Hagood often spoke
with admiration of the bearing of Lieutenant Chappell in rallying
the regiment. The services of the staff were invaluable in
restoring order in the Twenty-first. Moloney, Mazyck and
Martin did their duty with great intrepidity; and without these
and Tracy and Stoney it is doubtful if the Twenty-first regiment
could have been stopped. Tracy received promotion shortly after
in consequence of his services in this affair, and was assigned to
duty with General Earley in the Valley of Virginia. Stoney
lingered a long time between life and death, and nine months
afterward rejoined the brigade with one lung gone. Faithful
to the last, he endured the vicissitudes and hardships of the campaign
of '65; and shed bitter tears when the last hope of the
Cause he loved was buried with Johnston's surrender. The extent
to which the enemy had availed himself of foreign recruiting
was exhibited in the fact that among the twenty or thirty prisoners
taken by Hagood's brigade, there were men of six different
nationalities, some of whom could not even imperfectly speak
English.

Swift Creek.

The arrival of the Eleventh regiment and Seventh battalion
of Hagood's brigade at the Junction had raised our force to
3,500 men. The strength of Butler's force had now, however,
been ascertained to be ten times that number. The line of railroad
afforded no suitable position to await the advance of such
an army. Without natural protection, the flanks could be turned
on either side, and our line of retreat either into Richmond or
Petersburg, instead of being covered by our position, was on the
prolongation of our line of defense. General Pickett, at Petersburg,
seemed too under the impression that an advance against
the city was threatened on the south side of the Appomattox; and
no re-enforcements were arriving from the South or information

received as to when they could be expected. Accordingly, in a
dispatch received at 10 p. m., General Pickett directed General
Johnson to withdraw to the line of Swift Creek, three miles from
Petersburg. At midnight the movement was commenced and by
3 a. m., of the 8th, the troops in position on the south bank of that
stream and busily engaged in strengthening the entrenchments
already partially constructed along that line as part of the
defences of Petersburg. Hagood's brigade covered the turnpike
and extended to the left as far as Brandee's Bridge and to the
right as far as the railroad bridge. He also had a regiment with
a section of artillery advanced by way of outpost to the top of
the hill on the turnpike just beyond the creek.[10] The railroad
bridge was held by Colonel McCauthen with the Fifty-first North
Carolina regiment, of Clingman's brigade, and Johnson's brigade
prolonged the right. Some eighteen pieces of artillery, consisting
of Hawkins's, Owens's, Payne's and Martin's batteries,
were distributed along the line, and Colonel Harris, of Beauregard's
staff, arriving from Weldon, took charge of the engineering
operations. A detachment of twenty-two men of Johnson's
brigade was made, to work the heavy guns of Fort Clifton near
the debouchment of Swift's Creek into the Appomattox, and
which controlled the navigation of that river. Captain Martin
commanded the fort.

The field of battle at the Junction was occupied by our
advanced forces till 10 a. m., on the 9th, collecting and removing
arms, accoutrements, etc. Butler unaccountably delayed his
second advance upon the railroad thus long, and then our smaller
force fell back before him skirmishing. The same morning, five
gunboats attacked Fort Clifton, and after three hours' fighting
retired with the loss of one of their number. By 12 m., Butler
was in strong force on the north bank of Swift Creek and skirmishing
going on between both infantry and artillery. Hagood
still held the eminence on the pike upon the enemy's side of the
creek.

At 11 a. m., General Pickett, from Petersburg, had instructed
Johnson to maintain a defensive, advising him of re-enforcements
on the way from Weldon. At 1 p. m., he enclosed a dispatch
from Bragg, at Richmond, and directed him in pursuance of it

to take the offensive. Hagood was accordingly ordered to
advance on his front, and the movement began. Nelson was
directed with the Seventh to cross at Brandee's, and bearing to
the right attack in flank the force which the rest of the brigade
would encounter on the pike. Gantt, with his regiment and a
detachment of the Twenty-fifth, was 150 yards across the stream
holding the hill already referred to, his skirmishers thrown forward
in a semi-circle of some 200 yards radius and the enemy
slightly pressing. As the remaining regiments filed out of the
entrenchments and moved in column down the long slope of
probably 250 yards to the Turnpike Bridge, the movement was
visible to the enemy on the wooded height beyond and to the
right of the bridge; and a heavy fire was opened from their
batteries. While the leading regiment, the Twenty-first, was
crossing the bridge, Colonel Harris galloped up to General
Hagood, and informing him that Pickett's plans were again
changed, directed him to make a reconnoisance with the troops
already over the creek and ascertain whether the present demonstration
by the enemy was a feint or a real movement. Hagood
told him that of course he would carry out the order, but that it
was perfectly evident the enemy were in force, and that the
troops he was directed to take could accomplish nothing. While
they were speaking, the enemy commenced pressing heavily upon
Gantt; his skirmishers were driven in, and he was warmly
engaged. Gantt's line of battle was to the left of the road, beyond
the crest of the hill. The Twenty-first was hurried over the bridge,
and deploying to the right of the road, under cover of the hill,
was directed to advance upon an alignment with Gantt. It did
not behave with its accustomed spirit, was slow in deploying,
advanced tardily up the broken acclivity, and was of very little
assistance in the brief but sanguinary struggle that ensued.

Gantt maintained himself stoutly under the heavy pressure
upon him for some minutes, until hearing firing upon his left
and supposing it to be Nelson coming into action and that the
whole brigade was behind him, he ordered, under his previous
instructions, an advance. The roar of musketry that followed
informed Hagood, who was getting the Twenty-first up the hill,
of the overwhelming force in his front, and he sent Captain
Moloney to order Gantt back across the creek, while the balance

of the Twenty-fifth on the south bank was deployed to cover the
crossing, and the regiments which had not crossed and were
standing in column in the pike were ordered back to the entrenchments.
The troops over the creek came back pell mell over the
bridge, and were reformed on the south bank. The Twenty-fifth
checked pursuit; and this most useless and disastrous reconnaisance
in force was over. Colonel Nelson did not reach the
scene of action, and the firing Gantt heard was from one of his
own companies stationed by himself as a flanking outpost. The
loss of the troops engaged was in the few minutes that the affair
lasted, 31 killed, 82 wounded, and 24 missing, making an aggregate
of 137 men thrown away because of too many generals, and
too far away from the field of battle.

Colonel Harris, with his usual indifference to fire, remained
with General Hagood during the affair, and Lieutenant-Colonel
Logan, of the Hampton Legion (afterwards General Logan)
acted upon his staff and was of much service. Colonel Logan had
been on leave and was on his way back to his command. Captain
Leroy Hammond and his brother, Lieutenant Hammond,
together with Lieutenant Seabrook, being all the officers of one
of the companies engaged from the Twenty-fifth regiment, were
killed. The Hammonds were grandsons of Colonel Leroy Hammond
of revolutionary fame in South Carolina; Seabrook was a
graduate of the State Military Academy. They were brave and
efficient officers. Lieutenant Wolfe, of the Eleventh, was also
killed. Captain Carson, commanding the detachment of the
Twenty-fifth, was severely wounded and incapacitated for service
for the rest of the campaign. Tracy and Moloney, of the staff,
both had their horses wounded under them. Among the missing
were some valuable officers and men.

On the night of the 9th, there was some heavy skirmishing
between Johnson's brigade and the enemy, with advantage to us.
On the 10th, everything was quiet in our front, and General
Hagood obtained permission to send a flag of truce to enquire
after his wounded of the day before, and propose an exchange of
prisoners he had captured at the Junction for those he had lost
at the Creek. Captain Moloney was sent, and Lieutenant-Colonel
Lightfoot of the artillery accompanied him. On arriving at the
enemy's outpost, they found them retiring, in consequence of

which our flag was forcibly detained for some hours. Butler
was then an outlaw by proclamation of Confederate authorities
for his conduct at New Orleans, and Captain Moloney had been
directed to hold no communication with him, but to seek his ends
if possible through General Turner, the officer commanding in
Hagood's front.

Information was obtained, but the exchange failed; though
Moloney was informed there would be no difficulty if the proposal
was made in form to Butler.

BATTLE OF DRURY'S BLUFF.

Butler, during the 9th May, incompletely destroyed a part of
the railroad by upsetting the road structure, the crossties and
rails remaining attached, and it is said[11] intended on the 10th to
cross Swift Creek and make a determined effort at the capture of
Petersburg; but deceived by tidings from Washington received
the night of the 9th, that Lee was in full retreat before Grant,
he determined to turn northward and assist in the capture of
Richmond. Instead, however, of pressing at once upon the latter
place with its meagre garrison, he withdrew aside into his
entrenchments at Bermuda Hundreds, leaving the road open for
the transfer by the shortest route of the troops which had been
confronting him at Swift Creek, into the immediate southern
defenses of the Confederate Capital at Drury's Bluff, and did not
march on the latter place until two days afterward.

In the meanwhile, Major-General Hoke arrived at Petersburg
with the troops (three brigades) which he had had with him in
Eastern North Carolina, and, assuming command, put all our
forces in march for Drury's Bluff along the turnpike left open
by Butler, The movement was a flank march of ten miles along
the enemy's front, he being in superior force about three miles to
the right. The army moved in column of fours, with a field
battery between each brigade, and the ambulances and ordnance
wagons following their respective commands. The usual advance
and rear guards were formed and a strong force of infantry
flankers marched some three hundred yards on the right in single
file at deployed intervals. Cavalry moved parallel with the

march, still further towards the side of attack. The movement
commenced at 1 p. m. on the 11th; Hoke bivouacked eight miles
from Swift Creek, and on the morning of the 12th marched into
the lines of Drury's Bluff. He was not molested. It commenced
raining the night of the 11th and continued two or three days.
The troops suffered much from cold and wet.

Soon after we were in position at Drury's, on the 12th, and
had established our picket line, the enemy appeared. Skirmishing
commenced and was maintained with more or less vigor
during that day and the next. Toward evening of the 13th, some
advantage was obtained over the North Carolina troops on our
right, and Hoke determined to withdraw to the second or interior
line of defense, which was accordingly done before day, on the
14th. At daylight on the same morning, General Beauregard
joined us, having made a circuitous and forced march from
Petersburg by way of Chesterfield Court House with Colquitt's
brigade and a regiment of cavalry.

The lines of Drury's Bluff were in the nature of an entrenched
camp. Starting at the bluff, they ran in a southwesterly direction
across the pike and the Petersburg and Richmond railroad, then
bending back, they returned to the river James, about a mile and
a half north of the bluff. From Fort Stephens (a bastioned work
on this line east of the pike) another line of slighter profile
branched off in a curve still more to the southwest, forming an
advanced line, with its left running into Fort Stephens and its
right resting "in air" near the railroad. It was this last line that
Hoke abandoned on the night of the 13th-14th May.

In the new position, Hagood's brigade occupied Fort Stephens
and extended its right to the turnpike—the regiments coming
from left to right in the following order: Twenty-seventh, Twenty-first,
Seventh, Eleventh and Twenty-fifth. Johnson's, Clingman's
and Corse's brigades came in the order named on Hagood's right.
These four brigades constituted Hoke's division, as the army was
temporarily organized after Beauregard's arrival. Another
division was also organized with Colquitt commanding, and held
in reserve. General Robert Ransom's division occupied the space
from Hagood's left to the river, after it had arrived on the 15th.

Butler's skirmishing was confined to Hoke's front. Seeming
inclined to operate on the Confederate right flank, he was content

to watch Ransom's division next the river with cavalry. His
gunboats had also ascended the river. The general direction of
the river, the River Road,[12] the turnpike and the railroad was
north and south of the two hostile lines east and west, each resting
on the river. Proctor's Creek ran across these avenues and into
the river, something over half a mile in front of the Confederate
lines.

Hoke's evacuation of the exterior line had been made with all
possible secrecy, and our pickets in front were not informed
that it was contemplated. At daylight, the enemy advanced in
strong force, and they quickly came running in. Hagood's picket
continued on to the interior line, when they found exterior line
abandoned. The enemy's skirmishers followed closely after them
and obtained position close on us, within 150 yards, and sheltered
by cabins which had been constructed between the two lines for
barracks. Hagood immediately ordered the picket back, and to
drive these skirmishers (whom he saw would do him infinite
damage) to a greater distance. His picket commander, Colonel
Blake, had completely lost his aplomb, and deprecatingly told
General Hagood it could not be done. He was told to attempt it
anyhow, and leading out his men from Fort Stephens along the
prong of the abandoned line, he stopped without deploying his
men, and conversing with them huddled together, remained a
target for the sharpshooters from the cabins who rained their
fire upon him. Major Abney was sent for to relieve Blake, and
his manner while receiving instructions was not indicative that a
proper selection had been made. When they were concluded,
though directed to go promptly in person to take command of
the picket, he went some ten steps toward the sally port and
sitting down upon the banquette began vacantly to comb his hair
with a pocket comb. He, too, from cause was not himself.
Ordering him back to his regiment and sending Orderly Stoney
to recall Blake and his men, the latter now thoroughly demoralized,
Hagood directed Captain Brooks of the Seventh battalion
to deploy his men behind the line of breastworks occupied
by our line of battle, and at a signal to leap it and drive the
skirmishers back. The company numbered about 90 men and
was well officered. It gallantly performed the duty assigned to it,

and succeeded in getting a good position for the brigade skirmish
line.[13] Brooks was then relieved by the regular skirmish detail
for the day composed of detachments from each regiment.

The enemy soon had artillery in position, the fire of which was
chiefly directed against Fort Stephens and was very annoying,
particularly that from a battery of six pieces in position where
the turnpike crossed our abandoned line. The fire from these
guns took the left face of Fort Stephens in reverse, and the
Twenty-seventh regiment stationed there had to be put in the
outer ditch for protection. The opposing lines were near enough
for long range sharpshooting, and the intermediate lines of
skirmishers were constantly engaged in the effort to drive each
other. The casualties of the brigade on the 13th and 15th,
inclusive, were 9 killed, 51 wounded, and 12 missing.

Lieutenant Archy St. John Lance, of the Twenty-seventh, was
killed in the fort; Lieutenant Seay, of the same regiment, died
of exhaustion; Captain Ledbetter, of the Eleventh regiment, was
killed on the skirmish line, and among others who here gave their
lives freely for their country was one whose history recalled that
of Latour D'Avergne, "Le premier grenadier de la France."
Pinckney Brown, a gentleman of means and literary culture, had
taken no part in public affairs until 1860, when, an ardent Secessionist,
he had been elected to the Convention and signed the
Ordinance which we had all fondly hoped was to have been our
second Declaration of Independence. When war followed this
act, he enlisted as a private in Miles's company of the Twenty-seventh
regiment and had since bravely and unflinchingly discharged
every duty of the patriot soldier. Promotion was
frequently offered him and invariably declined. Rifle in hand,
he died "sur le champ du battaile," shot through the head upon
the skirmish line.

At one time, on the 15th, the enemy appeared to be massing for
assault. None followed. The Federal historians say that Butler
had ordered it, but his troops were so strewn out that a sufficient
number were not available for the attack, and he directed it postponed
till the next day. That evening, Beauregard, passing along
the lines, asked some of his soldiers if they were not tired of this
sort of fighting, and said he "would change it for them."

At 10 o'clock at night on the 15th, Hoke's brigade commanders
were summoned to his headquarters, informed that the offensive
would be taken in the morning, and instructed in the plan of
battle.

Beauregard's plan showed the instinct of genius. They could
not under the circumstances, notwithstanding the difficulty of
handling rapidly and effectively an army so recently organized,
have failed substantially to have annihilated his antagonist, had
not two of his division commanders failed him. The shortcomings
of General Ransom and General Whiting are indicated
in the official report. The first failing to carry out his instructions
with vigor, and making strangely inaccurate reports of the
condition of things in his part of the field, is pretty severely
handled by General Beauregard. The last did not move at all,
notwithstanding reiterated orders, and as far as the record goes
his inaction is not explained. There is but little doubt that it
was due to the unfortunate use of narcotics. Brigadier-General
Wise subsequently described Whiting as stupefied from the use
of these during the time Beauregard's reiterated orders to attack
were being received. This was in conversation with the writer,
and he also stated that he had preferred charges against Whiting
on the ground of his condition, but had withdrawn them upon a
personal appeal from that officer. He was relieved from this
command and sent to Wilmington without an official investigation.
There he resumed an important command, and his name
will again occur in the Memoirs. After the war, the Federal
General Ames told General Hagood that during the evening and
night when Butler's routed and discouraged column was defiling
within a mile of Whiting's 4,000 men of all arms, but a thin
skirmish line intervened between them and destruction. The
following are the official reports, or rather so much of them as
without repetition continues the narrative:

. . . . . . . . . . . .

"Our army was organized into three divisions, right, left and reserve,
under Major-Generals Hoke and Ransom, and Brigadier-General Colquitt.
. . . Our left (Ransom) lay behind the trenches on Kingland Creek,
which runs an easterly course not far in front of Drury's Bluff. Our right

wing (Hoke) occupied the intermediate line of fortifications from Fort
Stephens, crossing the turnpike to the railroad. Colquitt's reserve, in rear
of Hoke, centered on the turnpike. The cavalry was posted on our flank
and in reserve, and the artillery distributed among the divisions. A
column from Petersburg, under Major-General Whiting, had been directed
to proceed to Swift Creek on the turnpike, over three miles from Petersburg
and nine from my lines, and was under orders to advance at daybreak
to Walthal Junction, three miles nearer. The enemy's forces, under
Butler, comprised the corps of Gilmore and W. F. Smith (Tenth and
Eighteenth) and his line was generally parallel to ours. . . . They
held our own outer lines of works, crossing the turnpike half a mile in our
front. Their line of breastworks and entrenchments increased in strength
with its progress westward. Its right and weakest point was in the edge
of William Gregory's woods, about half a mile from James River. . . .
Going westwardly, after crossing the railroad, their line widened to the
north.

"With the foregoing data, I determined upon the following plan: That our
left wing, turning and hurled upon Butler's weak right, should with crushing
force double it back on the center, thus interposing an exterior barrier
between Butler and his base; that our right wing should simultaneously,
with its skirmishers and afterwards in force, as soon as the left became
fully engaged, advance and occupy the enemy to prevent his re-enforcing
his right and thus form his northern barrier without, however, permanently
seeking to force him far back before our left could completely outflank him
and our Petersburg column close up in his rear; and, finally, that the
Petersburg column, marching to the sound of heaviest firing, should interpose
a southern barrier to his retreat. Thus environed by three walls of
fire, Butler, with his defeated troops, could have no resource against substantial
capture or destruction, except in an attempt at partial and hazardous
escape westward away from his base trains and supplies. Two difficulties
might impede or defeat the success of this plan; one was a possible
stubborn and effective resistance of the enemy, in virtue of his superior
numbers; another (probably a grave one) existed as to the efficient and
rapid handling of a fragmentary army like ours, so hastily assembled and
organized—half of the brigades without general officers, some of the troops
unacquainted with their commanders and neighbors, staff officers unknown
to each other, etc. The moral force arising from the unity, which springs
from old association, was entirely wanting; and from these causes, generally
so productive of confusion, great inconvenience arose. On the other
hand, I reckoned on the advantage of being ready at daylight, with short
distances over which to operate, a long day before me to maneuver in, plan
direct routes and simplicity in the movements to be executed. Accordingly,
at 10:45 a. m. on the 15th, preparatory information and orders were forwarded
to Major-General Whiting, then at Petersburg twelve miles from
me, with instructions to move his force to Swift Creek, three miles nearer,
during the night, and at daylight next morning to proceed to Walthal
Junction, about three miles still nearer. These instructions were duly

received by that officer, and were as follows: `I shall attack the enemy in
my front tomorrow at daybreak by River Road, to cut him off from his
Bermuda base. You will take up your position tonight at Swift Creek with
Wise's, Martin's, Dearing's and two regiments of Colquitt's brigade, with
about twenty field pieces under Colonel Jones. At daybreak you will
march to Walthal Junction, and when you hear an engagement in your
front you will advance boldly and rapidly by the shortest road in the
direction of the heaviest firing to attack enemy in rear or flank. You will
protect your advance and flank with Dearing's Cavalry, taking necessary
precautions to distinguish friend from foe. Please communicate this to
General Hill. This revokes all former orders of movement. Signed G. T.
Beaureguard, General Commanding. P. S.—I have just received a telegram
from General Bragg informing me that he has ordered you to join
me at this place; you need not do so, but follow to the letter the above
instructions. G. T. B.' In the early afternoon I delivered in person to the
other division commanders assembled the following circular instructions
of battle, with additional oral instructions to General Ransom, that while
driving the enemy he should promptly occupy with a brigade the crossing
of Proctor's Creek by the River Road, which was Butler's shortest line of
retreat to Bermuda Hundred's Neck.

" `(Circular.)

" `General: The following instructions for battle tomorrow are communicated
for your instruction:

" `The purpose of the movement is to cut off the enemy from his base at
Bermuda Hundreds and capture or destroy him in his present position.
To this end we shall attack and turn by the River Road his right flank,
now resting on James River, while his center and left flank are kept
engaged to prevent him from re-enforcing his right. Major-General Ransom's
division will tonight take the best position for attack on the enemy's
right flank to be made by him tomorrow at daylight. His skirmishers will
drive back vigorously those of the enemy in his front and will be followed
closely by his line of battle, which will, at the proper time, pivot on its
right, so as to take the enemy in flank and rear. He will form in two
lines of battle and will use his artillery to the best advantage. Colonel
Dunovant's (South Carolina) regiment of cavalry will move with this
division under the direction of General Ransom. Major-General Hoke's
division, now in the trenches on the right of the position herein assigned
to General Ransom, will at daylight engage the enemy with a heavy fire
of skirmishers, or as soon as General Ransom's line of battle shall have
become fairly engaged with the enemy. General Hoke will form in two
lines of battle four hundred yards apart in front of his trenches at the
proper time and in such manner as not to delay his forward movement.
He will use his battalion of artillery to the best advantage. Colonel

Baker's regiment of cavalry will move in conjunction with Hoke's division,
so as to protect his right flank. He will receive more definite instructions
from Major-General Hoke. Colonel Shingler's regiment of cavalry will
move with the same division. The division commanded by Brigadier-General
Colquitt will constitute the reserve and will tonight form in column
by brigades in rear of Hoke's present position, the center of each brigade
resting on the turnpike. The division will be massed under cover of the
hill now occupied by Hoke's troops so as to be sheltered at first from the
enemy's fire in front. During the movement the head of the reserve column
will be kept about 500 yards from Hoke's second line of battle. As soon
as practicable, the interval between the brigades of the reserve division
will be maintained at from two to three hundred yards. The reserve
artillery, under Generol Colquitt, will follow along the turnpike about
300 yards in rear of the last brigade. He will use it to the best advantage.
Simultaneously with these movements, Major-General Whiting will move
with his division from Petersburg along the Petersburg and Richmond turnpike
and attack the enemy in flank and rear. The movement above indicated
will be executed, and must be made with all possible vigor and celerity.
The generals commanding divisions and Colonels Shingler and Baker, commanding
cavalry, will report at these headquarters at 6 p. m. today. In the
meantime they will give all necessary instructions for providing their
respective commands with sixty rounds of ammunition issued to each man,
and at least twenty rounds for each in reserve. They will cause their commands
to be supplied with two days' cooked rations.

"Ransom moved at 4:45 a. m., being somewhat delayed by a dense fog,
which lasted several hours after dawn and occasioned some embarrassment.
This division consisted of the following brigades in the order mentioned,
commencing from the left: Gracie's, Kemper's (commanded by
Colonel Terry), Barton's (under Colonel Fry), and Colonel Lewis's (Hoke's
old brigade). He was soon engaged, carrying the enemy's breastworks in
his front at 6 a. m. with some loss. His troops moved splendidly to the
assault, capturing five stands of colors and some 500 prisoners. The
brigades most heavily engaged were Gracie's and Kemper's, opposed to the
enemy's right, the former turning his flank. General Ransom then halted
to form, reported his loss heavy and troops scattered by the fog, his ammunition
short, and asked for a brigade from the reserve. Colquitt's brigade
was sent him at 6:30 a. m., with orders to return when it ceased to be
indispensable. Before either ammunition or the reserve brigade had
arrived, he reported the enemy driving Hoke's left, and sent the right
regiment of Lewis's brigade forward at double quick towards the supposed
point of danger. This held the enemy long enough for the reserve brigade
to arrive, charge and drive him back from the front of our left center,
where the affair occurred over and along the works to the turnpike.[14]

"It will be seen from a subsequent part of this report that one of Hagood's
advanced regiments had unexpectedly come into contact with the enemy
and been ordered back, it not being contemplated to press at this point
until Ransom should swing round his left as directed in the battle order.
This possibly originated Ransom's impression as to the condition of Hoke's
left, which in fact had steadily maintained its proper position. At 7:15
a. m., Colquitt's brigade of the reserve was recalled from Ransom and a
slight modification of the original movement was made to relieve Hoke,
in whose front the enemy had been allowed to mass his forces by the
inaction of the left. Ransom was ordered to flank the enemy's right by
changing the front of his right brigade, to support it by another in echellon,
to advance another to Proctor's Creek, and hold a fourth in reserve. This
modification was intended to be temporary, and the original plan was to be
fully carried out on the seizure of the River Road and Proctor's Creek
Crossing.

"In proceeding to execute this order, Ransom found the reserve brigade
engaged, and his own troops moving by the right flank towards the firing
at the center. He, therefore, sent Barton's brigade back instead of Colquitt's,
and reported a necessity to reform and straighten his lines in the
old position near the breastworks he had stormed. Here his infantry rested
during the greater part of the day. Dunovant's cavalry, dismounted, were
thrown forward as skirmishers towards a small force, which occupied a
ridge in the edge of George Gregory's woods, north of Proctor's Creek. This
force with an insignificant body of cavalry, believed to have been negroes,
and a report of threatening gunboats which came some hours earlier, were
the only menace to our left, as since ascertained.

"At 10 a. m., I withheld an order for Ransom to move, until further
arrangements should be made, for the following reasons: The right was
heavily engaged; all the reserve had been detached right and left at
different times; a dispatch had been sent to Whiting at 9 a. m., which was
repeated at 9:30 a. m., `to press on and press over everything in your front
and the day will be complete', and Ransom not only reported a strong force
in his front, but expressed the opinion that the safety of his command
would be compromised by an advance.

"On the right, Hoke early advanced his skirmishers and opened his
artillery. The fog and other causes temporarily delayed the advance of his
line of battle. When he finally moved forward, he soon became hotly
engaged. Hagood and Johnson were thrown forward with a section of
Eschellman's artillery (Washington), and found a heavy force of the enemy
with six or eight pieces of artillery occupying our outer line of works on
the turnpike and his own defensive lines. Our artillery engaged at very
short range, disabling some of the enemy's guns and blowing up two
limbers. Another section of the same battery opened from the right of
the turnpike. They both held their positions, though with heavy loss, until
their ammunition was spent, when they were relieved by an equal number
of pieces from the reserve artillery under Major Owens.

"Hagood with great vigor and dash drove the enemy from the outer lines
in his front, capturing a number of prisoners, and, in conjunction with
Johnson, five pieces of artillery—three 20 dr. Parrotts and two fine Napoleons.
He then took position in the works, his left regiment being thrown
forward by Hoke to connect with Ransom's right. In advancing, this regiment
encountered the enemy behind a second line of breastworks in the
woods with abatis interlaced with wire. Attack at this point not being contemplated,
it was ordered back to the line of battle, but not before its rapid
advance had caused it considerable loss. This circumstance has been
referred to before as the occasion of a mistake made by Ransom.

"Johnson meanwhile had been heavily engaged. The line of the enemy
bent round his right flank, subjecting his brigade for a time to a fire in
flank and front. With admirable firmness he repulsed frequent assaults of
the enemy moving against his right and rear. Leader, officers and men
alike displayed their fitness to the trial to which they were subjected.
Among many instances of heroism, I can not forbear to mention that of
Lieutenant Waggoner, of the Seventeenth Tennessee regiment. He went
alone through a storm of fire and pulled down a white flag which a small
isolated body of our men had raised, receiving a wound in the act. The
brigade holding its ground nobly, lost more than a fourth of its entire
number. Two regiments of the reserve were sent up to its support, but
were less effective than they should have been, owing to a mistake of the
officer posting them. Hoke also sent two regiments from Clingman's to
protect Johnson's flank. The same mistake was made in posting these.
They were placed in the woods, where the moral and material effect of their
presence was lost.

"I now ordered Hoke to press forward his right for the relief of his right
center. He advanced Clingman with his remaining two regiments, and
Corse with his brigade. They drove the enemy with spirit, suffering some
loss, but the gap between Clingman and the troops on his left induced him
to retire his command to prevent being flanked, and reform it in the
intermediate lines. Thus Corse became isolated, and learning from his
officers that masses were forming on his right flank, he withdrew some
distance, not quite as far back as his original position. These two brigades
were not afterward engaged, though they went to the front, Corse about
one hour after he fell back, and Clingman about 2:15 p. m. The enemy
did not reoccupy the ground from which they drove them before their
retreat.

"In front of Hagood and Johnson, the fighting was stubborn and prolonged.
The enemy slowly retired from Johnson's right and took a strong
position on the ridge in front of Proctor's Creek, massing near the turnpike
and occupying advantageous ground at the house and grove of Charles
Friend. At length, Johnson having brushed the enemy from his right flank
in the woods with some assistance from the Washington Artillery, and
cleared his front, rested his troops in the shelter of the exterior works.
One of the captured pieces having opened on the enemy's masses, he finally
fell back behind the wood and ridge at Proctor's Creek, though his skirmish

line continued the engagement some hours longer. Further movement was
here suspended to wait communication from Whiting, or the sound of his
approach, and to reorganize the troops which had become more or less
disorganized. Brief firing, at 1:45 p. m., gave some hopes of his approach.
I waited in vain. The firing heard was probably between Dearing[15] and
the enemy's rear guard. Dearing had been ordered by Whiting to communicate
with me, but unsupported by infantry or artillery he was unable
to do so except by sending a detachment by a circuitous route which
reached me after the work of the day was closed. At 4 p. m., all hope of
Whiting's approach was gone, and I reluctantly abandoned so much of my
plan as contemplated more than a vigorous pursuit of Butler and driving
him back to his fortified base. To effect this, I resumed my original position
and ordered General Hoke to send two brigades along the Courthouse
road to take the enemy in flank and establish enfilading batteries in front
of the heights west of the railroad.

"The formation of our line was checked by a heavy and prolonged storm
of rain. Meanwhile, the enemy opened a severe fire, which was soon
silenced by our artillery. Before we were ready to advance, darkness
approached and upon consultation with several of my subordinate officers,
it was deemed imprudent to attack, considering the probability of serious
obstacles and the proximity of Butler's entrenched camp. I, therefore, put
the army in position for the night and sent instructions to Whiting to join
our right at the railroad in the morning.

"During the night, the enemy retired to the fortified line of his present
camp, leaving in our hands some fourteen hundred prisoners, five pieces of
artillery, and five stand of colors. He now rests there, hemmed by our lines
which have since from time to time been advanced with every skirmish,
and now completely cover the southern communications of the capital, thus
securing one of the principal objects of the attack. The more glorious
results anticipated were lost by the hesitation of the left wing and the premature
halt of the Petersburg column before obstacles in neither case
sufficient to have deterred from the execution of the movement prescribed.

. . . . . . . .

On perhaps the day after the battle, General Beauregard in
relieving General Ransom, that he might return to his local command
at Richmond, did it in a highly complimentary order. This
fact explains the following supplementary report:

"General: In forwarding my report of the Battle of Drury's Bluff, 16
May, 1864, it seems necessary that it should be accompanied by an explanation
of the apparent inconsistency of its conclusion with my special order
Number 11, May 14th, 1864, relieving the commander of the left wing, and
commending in high terms the conduct of his command in the battle. A
copy of the order is annexed. When it was issued, I still assumed that he
had properly felt and estimated the obstacles and hostile force reported by
him in his immediate front, and that his reports were to be accepted as
maturely considered and substantially accurate. Subsequent investigation,
necessarily requiring time, has, I regret to say, brought me to a different
conclusion.

Extracts from Major-General Hoke's report, comprising what
related to Hagood's brigade:

"Captain, . . . owing to the dense fog, I could see nothing of the movement
of Major-General Ransom, and supposing that by this time the right of
the enemy had been turned, I ordered forward the brigades of Hagood and
Johnson with one section of Lieutenant-Colonel Eschelman's artillery and
found the enemy still occupying our outer line of entrenchments, supported
by eight pieces of artillery, with a second line of entrenchments along the
line of the woods in front of our outer line of works. The attack was
handsomely made and resulted in the capture by Hagood's brigade of five
pieces of artillery, besides a number of prisoners and a great many of the
enemy killed and wounded. The outer line of works was occupied, and
one regiment of Hagood's brigade extended beyond it in the direction of
James River. This regiment was ordered forward to connect with the
right of Ransom's division, but, to my amazement, found the enemy in strong
force behind entrenchments. It was not intended that this regiment should
attack the enemy in that position, as the movement was to be made by the
troops on the left, but it in its eagerness did so, and, I am sorry to say,
suffered heavily. When it was seen that the enemy still occupied my front,
this regiment was ordered back to await the further development of the
flank movement. In the meanwhile, the enemy made two charges upon
Hagood and Johnson, but were repulsed, and with the assistance of the

artillery, the pike was cleared of the enemy before the flanking column
reached that point. . . . The commanding general will recollect that I
before stated that the strength of the enemy was in front of these two
brigades, and they deserve great credit. . . .

"The loss of these commands was necessarily heavy, owing to their
making a front attack. . . . I cannot refrain from calling the attention
of the commanding general to the fact that his desire to relieve my command
of the necessity of a front attack by the flank movement of Ransom's
division was on no portion of my line accomplished. . . .

It is curious to compare the manner in which this battle was
actually fought with the well-considered plan devised by Beauregard,
and clearly explained beforehand to his subordinates. The
plan of battle was, briefly, to seize the enemy's line of retreat,
demonstrate on his front, and carry his position by a turning
movement on the flank, behind which was his line of communication.

The actual fight was an almost simultaneous direct attack along
his whole front, and with a hand upon the enemy's line of retreat,
Whiting failed to grasp it. Thus the conceptions of genius were
in the execution reduced to the least skilful of performances,
and instead of a decisive defeat, Butler was merely pushed back
upon his fortified base.

Some remarks are necessary upon the details of the battle as
described in the foregoing official reports. The movement of the
"right regiment of Lewis's brigade" and of "the reserve brigade"
to the relief of "our left center" (Hagood's brigade) mentioned
by General Beauregard upon information from Ransom's
division, was a myth. The writer avers most positively that no
part of Ransom's division ever came to Hagood's assistance, or
passed in front of him till the enemy had retired from his front.
General Hoke's report distinctly sustains this averment, and
General Beauregard's report itself shows that the force from
Ransom's division could not have performed this feat, although
it was the duty to which the whole division was assigned. The
report reads: ". . . Colquitt's brigade from the reserve was sent
him (Ransom) at 6:30 a. m. Before it had arrived, he reported
the enemy driving Hoke's left and sent the right regiment of

Lewis's brigade forward at a double quick towards the point of
supposed danger. This held the enemy long enough for the
reserve brigade[16] to arrive, charge, and drive him back from the
front of our left center over and along the works to the turnpike."
Yet, at 7:15, just three-quarters of an hour after Colquitt's
brigade had moved to Ransom, and about the time it would have
completed this clearing of Hagood's front, the report states, "A
slight modification of the original movement was ordered to be
made to relieve Hoke's front, on which the enemy had been
allowed to mass his forces by the inaction of the left." This order
was to Ransom, and, in substance, to resume the offensive. On
receiving it, he "reported a necessity to straighten and reform his
line in the old position, near the lines he had stormed. Here he
rested during the greater part of the day."

General Beauregard's report also credits Johnson's brigade
with a share in the capture of the five pieces of artillery on the
pike. Hoke, commanding both brigades, was present in person
and gives it exclusively to Hagood's brigade.

General Beauregard (adopting Hoke's report), speaks of one
regiment of Hagood's brigade thrown forward to connect with
Ransom's right. This is scarcely accurate, though there was but
one regiment that actually struck the enemy's second line of
breastworks. The circumstances were minutely these:

Shortly after General Ransom's division had engaged the
enemy and while his advance, visible by the flash of his guns
through the fog, was still on a line with Hagood's front, the
brigade skirmishers under Major Rion were ordered forward.
These quickly drove in the enemy's pickets and carried the
enemy's first line (our abandoned trench), except that portion
just on the turnpike, where the artillery was. The Twenty-fifth
regiment had to be brought up to accomplish that. Hagood's
brigade was now in position, without any other regiment beside
the Twenty-fifth having been engaged, behind this outer line;
but as it bent back on the left to run into the intermediate line at
Fort Stephens, the left regiment of the brigade (the Twenty-seventh)
was placed beyond the trench when this curve backward
commenced, in order to have the line straight and ready for a
further forward movement. There continued a desultory exchange

of fire. Hagood was standing near the Twenty-seventh regiment,
holding his horse by the bridle, when Hoke came up to him on
foot and directed him to swing out to the right and form on the
turnpike in order to connect with Ransom. The fog had partially
lifted and a body of troops was in sight in the open, full 800
yards from Hagood, diagonally from his left front and at least
three-quarters of a mile from the turnpike, on which his right
was resting. This body of troops had half pivoted to the right
and halted. It was Ransom's whole force (see Beauregard's
report). Hagood knew that it was Ransom, for, notwithstanding
the fog, he had, as before noted, been able to trace his course by
the flash of his guns as well as by their sound. Now they were
perfectly visible, halted, and not firing, but firing was going on
ahead of them, and nearer, but still not yet in front of Hagood's
left, from a line not visible which proved to have been Ransom's
skirmishers. When Hagood received Hoke's order, he did not
bring the position of these halted troops to the latter's attention,
for he supposed they were only a part of Ransom's division,
perhaps a reserve, while the line firing, and not visible, was
Ransom's main line advancing through the woods to the pike
with but little opposition. Confirmed in this idea by the positive
direction to swing out on the pike, and connect with Ransom, Hagood merely spoke with Hoke of the tactical execution of the
order and proceeded to obey it. He kept the Twenty-fifth and
Twenty-first regiments, which were nearest the pike, in position,
to give a fire down it, and, pivoting on the right company of the
Seventh battalion, moved out the Seventh battalion and the
Eleventh and Twenty-seventh regiments. This was done in line,
and each regiment swung round by the movement technically
known as "change direction," thus advancing in echellon to their
new position. The distance between our outer line now reoccupied
by us and the enemy's line of breastworks, on the edge of
the woods, was not over two hundred yards. And it was in this
space that these three regiments were maneuvering. In the
change of direction their left alone would strike these works
which, it seemed, Hoke thought the enemy had been driven from
by Ransom's flank movement. Hagood left Hoke after receiving
the order and the movement had hardly begun when a terrific
fire broke out upon the advancing troops, but was hottest upon
the Seventh battalion. Hagood galloped in that direction, having
his horse killed under him as he reached the Seventh. This
battalion, having only to wheel on its own ground, had accomplished
or nearly so a change of direction at right angles to its
former position and parallel to the pike, when its commander,
halting it, caused his men to sit down and fire from that position
while they marked the base of the movement. The Eleventh
regiment, advancing firing, was steadily approaching its position
on the new line, and the Twenty-seventh, coming on upon the
extreme left, struck the breastworks on the edge of the woods and
drove the enemy from them at the point of impact, notwithstanding
the rush of its charge was impeded by wire entanglements
just in front of the works. The increased fierceness of the
enemy's fire brought the movement to a halt, the enemy assaying
to charge, and failing. The position was obstinately held for a
short time to permit relief by Ransom's approach, when General
Hagood, standing behind the Seventh battalion, saw the Twenty-seventh
regiment coming back, and ordered the Eleventh regiment
and Seventh battalion back behind the outer entrenchments.
It appeared afterward that the Twenty-seventh came back under
an order sent direct from General Hoke, who had found out his
mistake as to Ransom's position, and whose instructions, it will
be remembered, did not permit him to press at this point at this
time.

Hagood reformed his lines and remained inactive during the
rest of the day with the remainder of the army. The enemy, very
soon after the advance of his three regiments, withdrew from his
front. Somewhat later in the day, he was hurried to Hoke's right
to resist a supposed flanking movement, which not taking place,
he was returned to his first position. Late in the afternoon, Ransom
moved down Hoke's line to and beyond the turnpike, after
the enemy had withdrawn. The Twenty-seventh regiment was
thrown out to make the right of Ransom's line in this march.

During the whole battle, the brigade behaved with a steadiness
and gallantry that was very gratifying. It was a spectacle to
rejoice the heart of a soldier, the steadiness with which the
Seventh received the enemy's onset when its new line was taken.
Sitting down at the word of command, it gave and received at
close range for ten minutes a murderous fire, the color bearer

slowly waving his flag, and not a straggler going to the rear.
When the line moved, it is no exaggeration to say that the bodies
of the dead and wounded marked the position it had held. There
were fifty-seven bullet marks received on its flag in the action, and
in one of its companies (Brooks's) there were sixty-five casualties,
of which nineteen were killed outright. The casualties of the
whole brigade were 433; its field return of the previous day was
2,235.

Colonels Gaillard and Gantt, Lieutenant-Colonel Nelson, Major
Glover and Captain Wilds, commanding regiments, discharged
their duty with marked ability and were gallantly seconded by
their men. Major Rion and Captain Brooks, of the Seventh,
behaved with conspicuous gallantry, remaining in command after
receiving serious wounds, Rion until nightfall, and Brooks until
he was ordered to the rear by the brigade commander. The staff,
Captain Moloney, Lieutenant Mazyck and Lieutenant Martin
exhibited their usual courage and efficiency. Each one of them
had his horse killed under him in the discharge of his duties, and
Captain Moloney had a second one, which he obtained during the
day, killed.

Lieutenants Taft, Lalam, Shuler, Bomar and Elliott, and Captain
China (all of the Twenty-fifth regiment) were killed. Bomar
was killed in an heroic exposure of himself, rendered necessary by
the failure of his captain to do his duty. China, Elliott and
Shuler were all originally of the First South Carolina regiment.
General Hagood had served with them from the beginning of
the war, and valued them highly as brave and efficient officers.

The following officers and men were mentioned for gallant
conduct by regimental commanders:

Twenty-seventh Regiment—Lieutenant Gelling, Company C,
acting adjutant; Color Bearer Tupper, Private H. P. Foster of
the color guard, and First Sergeant Pickens Butler Watts of Company
E.

In Seventh Battalion—Sergeant J. H. Outz, color bearer,
killed.

* In the color guard of the Seventh Battalion, Sergeants J. B. Robinson and G. W.
Kennington were successively killed with the colors in their hands after Outz fell,
and the colors were brought out by Sergeant Preston Cooper.

In Eleventh Regiment—Lieutenant W. G. Bowman, Company
B; Color Bearer Hickman; Privates J. Jones, Company K; G. W.
Hicks, Company K; A. P. Bulger, Company D, and A. Mixson,
Company F.

In Twenty-fifth Regiment—Sergeant B. P. Izlar, Company G;
Sergeant H. P. Greer, Company B; Privates J. T. Shumaker,
Company G, W. A. Dotterer, Company A, and — Wise, Company
F.

General Hagood also reported for meritorious services, coming
under his immediate observation, Private J. K. Williams, Company
—, Twenty-seventh regiment. He was an Irishman and
deserted to the enemy at Bermuda Hundreds a few days afterward.
In the following August, after the fight on the Weldon
road, one of the brigades captured on the field was carried by a
battery which had been particularly destructive to us and recognized
in one of the gunners, Hagood's "meritorious" Irishman.
Williams greeted him cheerfully and asked after "the gineral."

President Davis was on the field during the latter part of the
day. The army bivouacked among the unburied corpses of the
enemy, and feasted that night upon the unwonted luxuries of
coffee, sardines and canned meats, with which his abandoned
camps were abundantly supplied. The brigade here obtained a
good supply of shelter tents (the tent d'abies of the French);
and the Eleventh regiment, as heretofore mentioned, supplied
itself with Enfield rifles, throwing its old smooth-bore muskets
upon the ground to be picked up by the ordnance fatigue parties.

LINES OF BERMUDA HUNDREDS.

At sunrise on the 17th, Beauregard moved forward in pursuit
of Butler. The road was filled with the debris of a broken army,
their dead lay unburied or hurriedly and incompletely buried
upon the route, and on every side wide-spread and wanton devastation
marked the spirit in which they had advanced, houses and
fences burned, and stock driven off, or killed and left where they
were slain. An instance of obedience to the order to destroy the |

Note.—In the North American Review, Volume 144, Number 3 (March, 1887,)
is an article entitled "Drewry's Bluff and Petersburg", which in all the points noted
in this Memoir sustains its accuracy, and does very full justice to Hagood's brigade.
It is over General Beauregard's signature.

breeding stock of the country was witnessed, which was ludicrous
and at the same time had a touch of pathos in it. A hen that
had evidently seen many summers, lay in front of a farm yard
with her head wrung off, while her brood still lingered about her,
and one little chick perched wearily upon her dead body. Poor
little thing, one fancied, as it gazed unconcernedly upon the
column tramping by, that it looked as if, after the turmoil and
trouble of the last few days, there was for it no subject of astonishment
left.

About 3 p. m., our advanced guard encountered Butler's pickets
in front of his entrenched position across Bermuda Hundred
Neck. Our columns were at once deployed, and skirmishers
thrown out and engaged. The position at Howlett's House was
seized after dark; the two 20-dr. Parrotts captured by Hagood's
brigade at Drury's Bluff were here put in position and manned
by Palmer's company, Twenty-seventh South Carolina, supported
by infantry from another brigade. The James, running southerly
from Richmond, at Dutch Gap encounters a considerable ridge,
which it passes by a detour of perhaps a mile and a half to the
west, and returning, after making almost a complete loop, resumes
its general course. Howlett's House was on a high bluff on the
western side of the river at the bend of the loop. Some 300 yards
below it, the river narrowed greatly, affording a good place for
obstructions under the guns of a battery at Howlett's, and immediately
spreads out into a wide reach as it progressed again
towards Dutch Gap. In this reach were congregated a number of
gunboats and transports, upon which the two Parrotts opened in
the morning, driving them beyond range. This position in the
rearrangement of the defenses of Richmond that ensued during
the campaign became its "Water Gate," a description applied by
Beauregard to Drury's Bluff in the original plan of the fortification.
It was made very strong and the desire to get up the river
with their gunboats without encountering its guns and obstructions
inspired Butler's famous canal across the ridge at Dutch Gap.[17]
Like most of the enterprises of this military chieftain, it failed of
success. General Beauregard named the battery in honor of
Colonel Dantzler, of South Carolina, who was killed in the fighting
a few days afterward near this point. Colonel Dantzler, a

planter of St. Matthews Parish, had commenced the war as a
lieutenant in the First South Carolina (Hagood's); had been
elected in the fall of '61 lieutenant-colonel (of Keitt's Twentieth
South Carolina), which he had commanded during the greater
part of the siege of Charleston with distinguished gallantry
and skill; and in consequence had been recently appointed to
the colonelcy of a regiment in Evans's (now Walker's) South
Carolina brigade. This regiment had been lately commanded by
Goodlett, who was broken for cowardice, and trained by him was
decidedly wanting in dash. It was in an effort to inspire his
new command with something of his own spirit of daring that
Dantzler threw his life away. Beauregard's attention was now
given to establishing the shortest practicable line across the neck
and entrenching it so as to hold Butler in the cul de sac to which
he had retreated, with the fewest number of troops. His purpose
was accomplished in the next few days in a series of actions,
rising almost to the severity of battles. After each he advanced
and strengthened his lines, until, commencing at Howlett's house
on the James, they ran in a line more or less direct to Walthal's
Mill Pond on Ashton Creek near its junction with the Appomattox.[18]
The "bottling up" process[19] was then complete and the
Confederate commander was at liberty to detach nearly half his
force to the assistance of Lee.

The scene of these actions was a wild, thickly wooded country
with few clearings, and in many places broken up into short but
steep hills. One day, while a sharp skirmish fight was going on.
a buck sprang up and ran for some distance between the lines;
at length one of Hagood's skirmishers brought him down and
secured the carcass.

The first position of Hagood's brigade was on Clag's Farm,
and that night it repelled a body of cavalry which was either
reconnoitering or attempting to break through our lines.

The 18th and 19th, its lines were advanced principally by
skirmish fighting.

On the 20th, a very heavy action occurred, in which the brigade
on its right was hotly engaged. Hagood's part was confined to

severe skirmishing. In the confusion of this fight, in the woods,
General Walker rode up to a regiment of the enemy before he
discovered his mistake. Turning to escape, he received a volley
from the whole regiment at short range, killing his horse and
wounding him in several places.[20] He was captured and survived,
but as a painful cripple for life. General Walker had gained
much reputation at the battle of Pocotaligo in South Carolina,
and was esteemed a valuable officer. Stephen Elliott, of Fort
Sumter, now colonel of the Holcomb Legion, received the vacant
brigade.

During the afternoon of the 22nd, Hagood's brigade was
ordered to move further to the right, to relieve Wise's brigade.
The position occupied by the latter was well entrenched, but its
pickets in front were advanced in no instance exceeding fifty
yards, and the enemy's in pits about 250 yards beyond made it
an act of no little danger to raise one's head above our parapets.
This disagreeable condition of things had to be endured until
dark, when General Hagood organized a strong party of skirmishers
and succeeded in getting position for his picket line
beyond where the enemy's had been. By daylight each pair of
men were securely entrenched in a rifle pit, and matters on the
main line were more comfortable. In this affair Lieutenant
Sineath, of the Eleventh regiment, was captured. After our new
picket line was taken, in attempting to connect it with that of
the brigade on our left, he blundered into the enemy's line.

The enemy's main line of entrenchments was here 800 yards in
front of ours, and a good deal of sharpshooting took place
between them, besides shelling. In the main, however, our position
was comfortable enough; part of our line was in the woods,
part in the open; the country was broken, giving comparatively
secure passage from point to point, and a rivulet behind us gave
abundant water, a blessing fully appreciated by the men covered
with the dust and grime of three weeks' marching and fighting.
Our train, too, here overtook us in its march by highway from
Wilmington, and the officers enjoyed the luxury of clean clothing.
It was sad though, as each valise was handed out and the familiar
names were called, to find so many to which there was no
response.

The casualties of the brigade on the lines of Bermuda Hundreds
was one officer and one man missing, five men killed, and
forty-seven wounded, making an aggregate of fifty-three.

At this time was organized Hoke's division as it continued to
the end of the war, with the exception of the temporary addition
to it of a brigade of reserves in North Carolina in the spring of
1865. It was made to consist of Hagood's, Colquitt's, Clingman's
and Martin's (afterwards Kirkland's) brigades, the commissions
of the brigadiers dating in order of seniority in the order in
which the brigades are named. Colquitt's men were from
Georgia; the last two brigades from North Carolina. Major-General
Hoke was from North Carolina—had commenced as
major, and won his way to a brigade command in Lee's Army of
Northern Virginia, serving principally in Stonewall Jackson's
corps. He had lately won his major-general's commission at the
capture of Plymouth in North Carolina. He was not exceeding
thirty years of age, of good presence and agreeable manner; a
good administrative officer, of undoubted personal gallantry, and
possessed of habits of vigilance. His intercourse with his subordinates
was always marked with good feeling on both sides.

BATTLE OF COLD HARBOR.

While Butler's co-operative move was thus being foiled, Grant,
with Meade's Army of the Potomac, was slowly urging his sanguinary
way from the northward to the vicinity of Richmond.
Lee had constantly interposed his veterans across his path, and
as constantly, after ineffectual and murderous assaults, Grant had
essayed a turning movement by his left, to be again confronted
by Lee, to again assault, and again be compelled to gain his
further step towards Richmond by a further turning movement
to his left. Nor did Lee oppose only a passive resistance. While
standing generally upon the defensive in chosen positions, which

* See Map of Part of Virginia, p. 75.

his possession of the interior line enabled him to take, he seized
every opportunity the eye of consummate genius could detect to
assume a quick and sharp offensive. The spade and the mattock
were brought more largely into requisition on both sides than in
any war since the days of ancient Rome. "The campaign," says
Swinton, "indeed resembled less an ordinary campaign than a
kind of running siege. From the Rapidan to the Chickahominy,
the face of the country was covered with the entrenched lines,
within which the armies of the Potomac and of Northern Virginia
had waged a succession of deadly conflicts."

Under cover of these entrenchments, after each unsuccessful
direct attack, Grant's edgewise movements were generally effected
by withdrawing the troops on his right and moving them in rear
of his line to prolong his left. Lee met this with a corresponding
change, and thus both armies progressed much as the wild pigeons
feed and fly.

They were now approaching Richmond, and upon the banks of
the Chickahominy, already rendered historical as the scene of
McClellan's defeat in '62, was the safety of the Confederate capital
again to be submitted to the issue of battle.

On the night of the 30th-31st May, Beauregard detached
Hoke's division from the lines at Bermuda Hundreds to re-enforce
Lee for the impending conflict. Its march was directed upon
Cold Harbor, a strategic point beyond the Chickahominy towards
which both armies were edging their way, and, upon its arrival,
found itself in position upon the right of the Confederate forces.

Hagood's brigade moved last, leaving the trenches at 6 a. m.,
on the 31st, and marching to Chester Station on the Petersburg
and Richmond Railroad, whence it was conveyed by rail to the
capital, arriving at midday. Moving directly through the city
and out on the Mechanicsville Turnpike, it followed the march
of the division. The day was excessively hot, the pike entirely
without shade, and the men suffering for water. General Hagood
therefore halted at a farm house with a fine grove, where water
was to be obtained, about two miles from the city, and rested his
men for two hours. Here the horses of the line officers and the
brigade train, which had come by highway from Chester Station,
overtook us. The march was resumed, the road was now filled
with wagons, artillery, and troops, and the dust and heat were

intolerable. The men suffered greatly and straggling was unavoidable.
Crossing the Chickahominy, we reached Mechanicsville
a little before dark and took the road to the right leading to
Cold Harbor. Getting beyond Gaines's Mill, we were halted
at 1 a. m. by an order from General Hoke. The rest of the
division was in position in front, and we were directed to rest
where we were, till 3 a. m., when we also were to move forward
into line. There were two taverns called respectively Old and New
Cold Harbor. They were upon the same road, about a mile apart,
and New Cold Harbor was nearest us. A severe cavalry combat
had been in progress during the greater part of the day of the
31st for the possession of Old Cold Harbor. It had resulted in
the partial possession by the enemy of the coveted position, when
the arrival of Hoke's leading brigades had relieved our cavalry.
In this action, the Charleston Dragoons, a company which had
been old comrades of the brigade on the coast of South Carolina,
had fought with desperate valor and been almost annihilated. In
falling back before heavy odds, James W. O'Hear, one of its
lieutenants, had stopped to aid a wounded comrade who had
appealed to him not to leave him, and, refusing to surrender, was
slain fighting over his friend. Hoke's advance brigades were
in position between New and Old Cold Harbor, his right resting
upon and covering the road between them and his left extending
to the northwest towards and menacing the road from Bethesda
Church to Old Cold Harbor, which comes from the northward
nearly at right angles to the road upon which Hoke's right rested.
At daylight on the 1st, Hagood's brigade was moved forward
across a tributary of Gaines's Mill stream and posted in reserve
behind Hoke's left, but facing to the northward. Grant's
infantry advance was moving down from the direction of
Bethesda Church upon Old Cold Harbor, and consisted of the
Sixth corps. Longstreet's Corps, moving on a parallel line, led
Lee's column and contemplated attacking the Sixth corps upon
its march between these points. Kershaw's division was to lead
the attack, and when Kershaw sent Hoke word that he had
reached a certain point (Beulah Church) on the road, Hoke was
to advance Hagood's brigade, posted as before described, to
co-operate in the attack. Such was General Hagood's understanding
of the situation as conveyed to him by his division commander.

During the morning, firing from Kershaw was heard
on Hagood's left front, and afterwards a courier to General Hoke
announced that the attack was foregone. In Kershaw's advance,
Colonel Keitt, commanding the leading brigade, was killed, and
the brigade thrown into confusion. This, with perhaps other
reasons, to the writer unknown, stopped the attack.

Colonel Keitt had been a member of the United States Congress
from his native State, and continued for some time to represent
her in the Confederate Congress. In the second year of the war,
he had been elected to the colonelcy of a newly raised South
Carolina regiment, and until within the last month, his service
had been around Charleston. He was a gentleman of honor and
fine intellect, but his previous training and the bent of his mind
qualified him for the political arena rather than a soldier's career.

Hoke now directed General Hagood to advance a company as
skirmishers and feel for the enemy. He was developed to
Hagood's right front, and moving down the general front of the
division toward Old Cold Harbor. Shortly after, the head of
Longstreet's column reached Hoke and went into position on his
left. Skirmishing and artillery fire commenced and continued
with more or less vigor.

The enemy now began to extend around Hoke's right beyond
Old Cold Harbor, and about 4 p. m., Hagood's and Martin's
brigades were hurriedly moved in that direction, the first mentioned
brigade leading. Marching in column of fours in rear of
our line by way of New Cold Harbor, after these brigades had
passed beyond the point held by our right, they were on the field
on which the battle of Gaines's Mill had been fought in McClellan's
campaign. In several places, human bones were visible
where they had been imperfectly buried and since uncovered by
the action of the weather. The cavalry, which were guarding
this flank, were driven in, as we arrived on the field. Halting
and facing to the left, the column was in line of battle, but in
echellon with the general line. Skirmishers were ordered forward,[21]
and advancing handsomely drove back the enemy's pursuing
skirmishers. The line of battle followed under a sharp fire
of shells, and, prolonging the general line, proceeded rapidly to
entrench. The point now held by these two brigades was the

tactical key of Lee's position. The field was a high plateau, with
Watt's Hill behind it, and commanded most of the line now being
taken up by the Confederates for the impending battle. In front,
the ground fell off abruptly into a lower plateau, and on its right
and right-rear were the low grounds of the Chickahominy and
one of its tributaries. Had the position been seized by the enemy
at this time, it is probable that Lee would have been forced across
the Chickahominy and into the lines of Richmond without a
general engagement. It was a race for it, won by a few minutes.
The enemy's skirmishers, pursuing the small cavalry force, were
already upon the field and in full view a dense mass in column
was seen following in support from Old Cold Harbor. Deceived
possibly by the vigor of our skirmish advance, and conceiving
perhaps that this was a movement to turn the left of Grant's
general line, the enemy halted and commenced to entrench along
his front, and at right angles to us, keeping up meanwhile a rapid
fire of artillery. Prisoners stated that this was a part of the
Sixth corps, General Wright commanding, and that they were
about to attack.

With the enemy in view, and under shell fire, it needed no
urging to induce the men to cover themselves when the order to
entrench the line we had taken was given. A windrow of rails
from the adjacent fences was laid; such spades and mattocks as
they had were wielded by willing hands; and bayonets, tin cups,
plates, and even the unaided hands lent assistance in digging a
trench inside the rails and raising a parapet upon them. The
rapidity with which this was done was laughable, and would have
been incredible to any one who had not seen soldiers who knew
the value of earthworks, however slight, work under similar circumstances.
At McGee's house, our line bent back towards the
Chickahominy, and was prolonged by brigades subsequently
arriving.

The enemy did not attack here this afternoon, but shortly after
Hoke's two brigades had been sent to the right, the right of the
Sixth corps, and Smith's corps from Butler's army, which had
arrived by way of the White House, violently assailed the right
of Longstreet's corps and the left of Hoke's division at the point
from which Hagood had been withdrawn. Here Wofford's brigade,
of Longstreet's corps, and Clingman's brigade, of Hoke's

division, gave way, but the enemy were finally repulsed with a
loss, by his own account, of two thousand men. He had gained,
however, some advantage of position and claimed by the action
to have secured the possession of Old Cold Harbor.[22]

In consequence of this affair, at 1 a. m., on the 2nd of June,
Hagood received orders to return to his position of the day before.
Martin remained where he was, and became Hoke's right; Colquitt
was the center, and Hagood again became the left of the
division, Clingman going into reserve to reorganize his command.

On the 2nd, Hagood, in conjunction with Hunton's brigade of
Longstreet's corps, succeeded in partially re-establishing our line
where the break had occurred. We were now, however, on the
hither side of the tributary of Gaines's Mill Creek, beyond which
our line had extended on the 1st before bending back in its continuation
by Longstreet, and consequently our line was retired
some 200 yards from its position of the day before. It was still,
however, at this point, a salient of which the face held by Hagood
was enfiladed both by artillery and infantry fire from the Sixth
corps, and the fighting to secure the position was necessarily done
with skirmishers, so close to the main line that the casualties were
more frequent in the last than the first.

From Cold Harbor, northwestardly, the enemy's right extended
to and beyond Beulah Church, and the Confederate lines confronted
them somewhat confused on the extreme left. It will be
perceived that this narrative confines itself chiefly to the vicinity
of Cold Harbor, with the localities and movements near which
the writer was most familiar. Old Cold Harbor was Grant's
headquarters during these operations, and Lee's were in rear of
New Cold Harbor.

On the evening of the 2nd, Lee assailed a corps of the enemy in
motion on his extreme left, and inflicted considerable loss upon it.
The night of the 2nd was wet and disagreeable, and the fire of
the skirmishers was kept up without intermission on Hagood's
front.

The next morning at half-past four (a. m.), Grant executed
along the whole Confederate front of six miles a general and

simultaneous assault. The historian of his army says: "It took
hardly ten minutes of the figment men call time to decide this
battle. There was along the whole line a rush—the spectacle of
impregnable works—a bloody loss, then a sullen falling back,
and the action was decided. . . . But rapidly as the result was
reached, it was decisive. . . . Some hours after the failure of
the assault, General Meade sent orders to each corps commander
to renew the assault without reference to the troops on his right
or left. The order was issued through these officers to their subordinate
commanders, and from them descended through the
wonted channels; but no man stirred, and the immobile lines
pronounced a verdict silent but emphatic against further
slaughter. The loss on the Union side in this sanguinary action
was over 13,000, while on the part of the Confederates it is
doubtful whether it reached as many hundreds."[23]

This was the battle of Cold Harbor, and it may sound incredible,
but it is nevertheless strictly true, that the writer of these
Memoirs, situated near the center of the line along which this
murderous repulse was given, and awake and vigilant of the
progress of events, was not aware at the time of any serious
assault having been given. As before mentioned, the firing of
skirmishers in front of Hunton and Hagood had not intermitted
during the night; there was no line of battle assault upon their
immediate front, simply an increased pressure of skirmishers,
and the roar of musketry on his right and left was so quickly
over, and apparently so little commensurate with such slaughter,
that it is difficult even now for him to realize that it was all done
in so short a time. The explanation lies in the characteristics of
a direct assault upon earthworks, defended by men who have
confidence in themselves, the silent rush of the assailing party,
and the rapid but deliberate and deadly fire from the assailed.

There was heavy and general firing from artillery, sharpshooters
and skirmishers along both army lines during the day of the 3rd
of June. In Hagood's immediate front, the enemy's skirmishers
had got into the swamp of the little stream along which his line
was drawn, and were not fifty yards from his line of battle. They
held their position pertinaciously, and the attempt to drive them
out with volleys from the line or a direct advance of skirmishers

failed. Colonel Gantt, occupying the left of the brigade, was,
therefore, ordered to push a body of men across the swamp at the
ford which he covered, and facing them to the right drive up the
swamp, in front of the brigade, and clear it of the enemy. He
sent fifty men from companies B and K of his regiment under
Captain Westcoat, assisted by Lieutenants Bowman, Mims and
Cassidy. After a stubborn fight, they advanced the length of the
brigade, aided by sharpshooters from the lines, and cleared the
swamp of skirmishers, losing thirteen of their own number, killed
and wounded, among whom was Captain Westcoat, severely
wounded in the leg. This enabled General Hagood to get his
skirmishers beyond the swamp, and relieved him to that extent;
but his position was so thoroughly enfiladed by the position of
Wright's corps (the Sixth) that at 4 a. m., on the 4th, he was
directed by General Hoke to pivot on his left and swing back his
right until it connected with Colquitt near the road between New
and Old Cold Harbor. Hunton, who had intervened between
Hagood and Colquitt, was returned to his own corps, and
Hagood connecting with Gregg's (Texas) brigade, of Longstreet's
corps, at the stream so often mentioned, extended in a
straight line some fifty yards beyond the road referred to. The
salient in our line was now transferred to the point of junction of
Hagood and Colquitt, but it was more obtuse and not enfiladed
by any position of the enemy. The brigade was soon entrenched
in its new position, indeed a trench had been partially prepared
by fatigue parties before the line was moved.

The assault of the morning of the 3rd, having failed, at 4:30
that afternoon, Grant is said to have ordered each corps commander
to entrench his position. On the 4th, he directed siege
operations begun. Two subsequent assaults, however, were made
on the point of junction of Colquitt and Hagood, and repelled
principally by the fire of Colquitt's brigade with deadly effect.
It is more likely that these assaults were made with a view to
obtaining nearer position from which to start the approaches
than with the lingering hope of breaking through our lines at
this point. Here was one of the points at which siege operations
were inaugurated.

Sore at his repulse, and loath to acknowledge it, Grant
refrained until the 6th from asking for a flag of truce to bury

his dead, and the incessant fire of his sharpshooters prevented us,
as often as it was attempted, from bringing off his wounded from
in front of our lines. Scattered more or less thick along their
whole extent, where the assault was made vigorously, they almost
paved the ground. There for three long days the dead, unburied,
festered in the rays of the hot summer sun, until the stench was
offensive for six hundred yards in the rear, and among them lay
the wounded, suffering the tortures of wounds and heat and thirst,
their moans growing fainter as the days went by.

It was over such a scene as this that the troops marched to
the secondary assaults, already referred to, of the point on the
road between the two Cold Harbors held by Hoke's division, and
contributed their bloody quota to the mass of butchered humanity
upon which they trod in their charge. When at length the flag
was asked and granted, the burial parties were in most instances
unable to handle the dead, corruption had extended so far, and
contented themselves with covering as it lay each body with a
slight mound of earth.

From the Rapidan to the close of the battle of Cold Harbor,
Grant had lost sixty thousand men, seven thousand more than
Lee had had during the campaign, and one thousand to every
mile of his progress to Richmond. Whatever gloss success has
since thrown over his style of making war, it was not, therefore,
without some color of provocation that his soldiers about this time
bestowed upon him the epithet of "the butcher." His severe losses
and small success had a powerful effect on the Northern mind,
and it is asserted by Federal historians that at this time the
war was near a collapse, from which successes elsewhere alone
saved it. Of Grant's tactical management of the battle of Cold
Harbor, it has been said that "to criticise it as a military operation
is like discussing a loaf of bread as a work of art."[24] It certainly
can lay no claim to be classed among the efforts of genius.
On this field closed the overland campaign. Each successive flank
movement after his various battles had brought him nearer to
Richmond; to continue them now would take him away from his
goal. He had nothing left but operations against the body of
the plan, either by assault, or the slower operations of siege.

The casualties of Hagood's brigade during all the time at Cold
Harbor were sixteen killed, one hundred and three wounded, and
nine missing, making an aggregate of one hundred and twenty
(120). Among these were many valuable officers and men.

Buist's company of the Twenty-seventh regiment, and Mickler's
company of the Eleventh regiment, together with many individuals
from other regiments, all of whom had been left behind in
South Carolina, rejoined the brigade on the 4th. Among them
was Colonel Simonton, of the Twenty-fifth. While he was talking
with Major Glover in the trench, in the act of taking command,
Glover was shot in the hand by a sharpshooter. The
wound was painful and disabling but apparently not more
serious. Glover was sent to the hospital, and lingering unaccountably,
some days afterward the surgeon asked him if there
was nothing else the matter with him, that he could see nothing
in the wound in his hand to account for his prostration. Glover
complained of his leg, and on examination, a wound was there
discovered which had gangrened. It seemed that in receiving an
order at Bermuda Hundreds, carried him by Lieutenant Martin
(A. D. C.), Martin's horse, a vicious brute captured at Drury's
Bluff, had kicked the major upon the leg. Receiving little attention,
this wound had been fretted by his boot leg until in the
general exhaustion of his system by the hard service since, it had
become what it was, and the life of one of the most gallant and
efficient officers of the brigade paid the penalty.

John Glover was a medium-sized, spare man, of neat figure
and of reserved manner. In civil life he had made but little mark
and was regarded as habitually indolent. He had a fondness,
however, for military studies, and had carried a company to the
bombardment of Fort Sumter in 1861. In his subsequent career,
with all of which the writer was familiar, he demonstrated that
he was a born soldier. Alert, vigilant and efficient in the field,
he secured alike the confidence and affection of his men, and the
approbation of his superiors.

BATTLE OF PETERSBURG.

Richmond and Petersburg lie about twenty miles apart, one
due north of the other. In their original defences, prepared
before this campaign, each city was fortified independently, its

fortifications extending around each place, in a circle, more or
less complete, with a radius—Richmond of about eight miles and
Petersburg of about three and a half miles. In the subsequent
shape which these defences assumed, they were connected by a
line drawn from Drury's Bluff where the southern lines of Richmond
crossed the James down the western bank of the river to
Howlett's house, whence Beauregard's Bermuda Hundreds lines
completed the connection with the northern lines of Petersburg.
Petersburg now became the right flank of the defences of Richmond,
and covering, as it did, the communications of the latter
place with the rear, was the key to the position. When Grant's
siege operations here languished before the vigorous defence,
his efforts to turn this flank caused a gradual extension of the
Confederate lines for many miles in a southwesterly prong, from
Petersburg. It was at the extremity of this prong, in the spring
of 1865, when Lee's army with the sources of its recruitment
dried up and attenuated by the "attrition" of Grant to little more
than thirty thousand rifles, with which to confront a constantly
recruited foe one hundred and fifty thousand strong, that the
battle of Five Forks was fought which made an immediate necessity
the evacuation of the Confederate Capital. They had
previously been determined upon in consequence of operations
elsewhere. Lee's lines were thus eventually, from right to left,
between thirty-five and forty miles long, and during the whole
siege of Richmond, his army was dependent for supplies upon his
still open communications with the southwest. An investment
would at any time have terminated the siege.

After pushing languidly his approaches at Cold Harbor for a
few days, Grant determined to transfer his operations to the
south side of the Appomattox, against Petersburg, and, accordingly,
commenced the movement of his army to that point. By
the 13th, he was withdrawn from his entrenchments and in full
march. Lee followed, still intervening between him and Richmond
on the north side of the James, as it was still open to Grant
to turn while north of the James and advance up the river
directly against that city. When the passage of the James by
Grant at Harrison's Landing had developed his designs, Lee
hastened to throw himself across the James and the Appomattox
higher up and again confront him. He had delayed, however,

most too long and Petersburg was very nearly taken by a coup
de main, as will be developed in the progress of the narrative.
Hagood's brigade marched with its division from the trenches at
Cold Harbor at 8 a. m., on the 13th, crossed the Chickahominy
at Federal Bridge, and proceeded in the direction of Malvern
Hill, passing in its march over the old field of battle at Seven
Pines. It bivouacked at night on the Darby Town road three
miles from Malvern Hill, Hoke's division being held in reserve
by Lee. During the day an action had occurred between Grant's
flanking column and our advance at Ridley's Shop. Hoke
remained quiet till 5 p. m., the 14th, when he was ordered to move
back some eight miles to the neighborhood of the pontoon bridge
over the James near Drury's Bluff and await orders. He was
then in position either to go to Lee or to Beauregard at Petersburg.
On the morning of the next day he was ordered to Beauregard
and marched at 11 a. m. Crossing the river, he proceeded
down the turnpike, but, when opposite Chester Station, he was
informed that partial transportation awaited him by rail and
ordered to hurry forward his command. Hagood was at once
dispatched by rail; Colquitt followed some time after, and the
remaining brigades continued their march by the pike.

At noon on the 15th, Smith's (Eighteenth) corps of Grant's
army, being his advance, was before the eastern defences of
Petersburg, manned by Wise's brigade and the local militia composed
of the boys and old men of the city. After consuming the
evening in making his reconnaisance and preparations, Smith
assaulted with a cloud of skirmishers and easily carried the works,
capturing some artillery and prisoners. Just after this success
Hancock's corps arrived, but the enemy instead of pressing on
and seizing the town which lay at his mercy, determined to await
the morning before making his advance.

Hagood's brigade reached Petersburg at dark, and while the
men were being got off the cars and formed in the streets, the
general proceeded to Beauregard's headquarters to report for
orders. General Beauregard was on the lines, and Colonel Harris
of his staff was instructing General Hagood to move out on the
Jerusalem plank road and take position, where it issued from the
fortifications, when a courier arrived announcing that the enemy
had carried our works from Battery No. 3 to Battery No. 7,

inclusive, and that our troops were in retreat. Hagood was
instructed to move out immediately upon the City Point Road
(the road uncovered by this success of the enemy) and take a
position to check his advance, and upon which a new defensive
line might be established. It was a critical moment. The routed
troops, such as they were, were pouring into the town, spreading
alarm on every hand, and there was no organized body of troops
that the writer has ever heard of available at the time to resist
the advance which the enemy were even then supposed to be
making, except this brigade and Colonel Tabb's Virginia regiment,
of Wise's brigade, which still held a portion of the lines
that had not been assailed. It would be daylight before Hoke's
division could all get up, and the main body of Lee's army was
miles away. In this emergency, Beauregard directed the withdrawal
of the troops from the Bermuda Hundreds lines and their
transfer during the night to the south side of the Appomattox.
Finding these abandoned, Butler next day took possession of
them, and even essayed another enterprise against the Richmond
and Petersburg Railroad. With the arrival, however, of the
main body of the Confederate Army, he was without much
trouble again "corked up" within his original limits.

It was after dark when General Hagood received his orders,
and being entirely ignorant of the localities as well as unable to
learn much from the confused and contradictory accounts of the
volunteer guides, who accompanied him, when he reached the
fork of the City Point and Prince George roads just beyond the
New Market race course, he halted his column, and leaving it
under Colonel Simonton, rode forward, accompanied by Captain
Moloney and Lieutenant Martin of the staff, to make a personal
reconnaisance. He encountered the enemy's picket on the latter
road at the ford where it crosses Harrison's Creek inside of the
original line of defences. The reconnoitering party had nearly
ridden into it, when they were warned by a wounded Confederate
by the road side. They were not fired upon. Turning across the
field toward the City Point road, General Hagood was opportunely
met by a courier from Colonel Harris with a map, who
had also the foresight to send a bit of tallow candle and matches.
With the aid of this, Hagood determined on the line of the creek
he was then on (Harrison's Creek), and put his men in position.

They immediately and rapidly entrenched themselves. This creek
emptied into the Appomattox in rear of Battery No. 1, which was
the initial point of the defences and on the bank of the river.
Its west fork crossed the line of original defences near No. 15.
The line taken by Hagood was, therefore, a chord of the arc of
our captured or abandoned works, and ran along the west bank
of the main creek and its western fork, having very good command
over the cleared and cultivated valley in its front. The
old line from 1 to 2 was held by Tabb's regiment and they were
relieved by the Twenty-seventh South Carolina regiment.
Hagood's right did not extend to the Prince George road; his left
rested on the river. By the time Hagood was fairly in position,
Colquitt arrived, and took post, extending across the Prince
George road, having first brushed out with skirmishers the
enemy's picket at the ford. The next morning, the 16th June,
was the anniversary of the battle of Secessionville, and the first
shell fired by the enemy in the gloaming, and when it was yet
entirely too dark to know more than the general direction in
which to aim it, killed Captains Hopkins and Palmer and Lieutenant
Gelling, of the Twenty-seventh regiment, who had all
served with distinction in that battle, and the first of whom had
been there severely wounded. The same shell also wounded
several of the enlisted men of that regiment. General Hagood,
wearied out, had fallen asleep some half hour before, and this
shot waked him. Its successors from the same battery showed
him that the position of the Twenty-seventh was completely
enfiladed, and the morning light made evident to him, too, a fact
that had not been appreciated in the night—the Twenty-seventh
was advanced beyond his general line. This regiment was accordingly
at once drawn back to the west side of the creek. Two
field pieces, abandoned by our troops the day before on the City
Point road beyond our present lines, were also brought in. They
were found to be spiked and were, therefore, sent to the rear.

The enemy shelled Hagood furiously all day, and the skirmishers
on his front were constantly engaged. They several times
ostentatiously formed for battle beyond rifle range there being
no artillery on his portion of the line and about dark assailed his
center. They were repelled after keeping up the effort for an
hour, never having got nearer than seventy-five yards to his

entrenchments. On Hagood's right, the enemy's assault at dark
was better sustained, and they suffered heavily. They met with
no success. Lieutenant Allemony of the Twenty-seventh was
killed today. On the 17th, the same heavy shelling and skirmishing
continued on our front. About half-past six in the evening
the enemy again assaulted heavily the brigade on our right. Colquitt
repelled them with considerable slaughter. Their officers
made a second attempt to get them on, but were unable to do so.
Still further to the right several assaults were made during the
day, one of which met with some success, but the Confederates
rallying drove them back. The loss in the Federal ranks today
was acknowledged to be four thousand. They claimed to have
captured four guns, and probably got in addition some two hundred
prisoners. Their long range artillery practice on Hagood's
front was accurate, as it always was when there was no artillery
to reply, and the brigade suffered several casualties.

In the meanwhile, General Beauregard (see Beauregard's Military
Operations, II Volume, p. 253,) had determined on taking a
more compact and shorter line of defence than the one now occupied,
and during these two days' fighting it had been partially
prepared for occupation. It was this last line which was held
during the siege that ensued. It was some 800 yards nearer the
city, and, like the line of the first taken, was the chord to an arc
of the original defences, still more of which were now abandoned.

This line was at first a simple trench with the parapet on the
farther side of it, and though it was afterwards amplified it
retained the general character of a trench, and was always known
as "The Trenches," in distinction from the portion of the original
works held by us. These last were artillery redoubts, connected
by infantry breastworks.

These "trenches" opposed Grant's front of attack, the remaining
portion of the enciente was not assailed until perhaps the
closing day of the siege of '65.

At 1:30 a. m., on the 18th, Hagood's brigade moved back on
the new line to the position assigned it, which was on the left
flank some 200 yards west of the house of the Younger Hare.
His left was on the Appomattox, thence running off southward,
nearly at right angles to the river, his line crossed the City Point
road and extended to the westward end of the eminence known as

Hare's Hill, where Colquitt prolonged the general line. The New
Market race course was in front of the right of the brigade, and
the approach to its position was generally level. By daylight,
the Confederates were quietly in position and diligently strengthening
their incomplete works.

Shortly after daylight, the enemy advanced upon our old works,
and finding them abandoned, came on with vociferous cheers.
As soon as their skirmishers encountered ours in their new position,
their line of battle halted, and heavy skirmishing commenced.
This continued until about 2 p. m., the skirmishers
alternately driving each other. The brigade lost several killed
and wounded and a few prisoners, but inflicted an equal or greater
loss upon the enemy and captured between twenty-five and thirty
prisoners.

At 2 p. m., the enemy formed for assault upon the portion of
the brigade between the river and the City Point road, and a
little later moved forward. A regiment was pushed up along the
bank of the river under cover of the grove and buildings of the
Younger Hare. It came in column and, as soon as its head was
uncovered, endeavored to deploy. The rest of their force
attempted to come forward in line of battle. A rapid fire was
opened on the column, as soon as it showed itself, and upon those
in line at about 300 yards. The column never succeeded in
deploying and the line broke after advancing about fifty yards
under fire. They were rallied and again brought forward, but
were repulsed in confusion and with heavy loss. The voices of
the Federal officers in command could be plainly heard. The
Twenty-first, Twenty-seventh and Eleventh regiments repulsed
this attack.

South of the City Point road, the Seventh battalion and
Twenty-fifth regiment were not at this time attacked. Later in
the afternoon, when the enemy made a general assault upon the
Confederate lines to the right, the Twenty-fifth fired a few
volleys obliquely into the assaulting lines moving over Hare's
Hill upon Colquitt. The skirmishing here, however, in the morning
was particularly heavy and obstinate. Major Rion commanded
the brigade skirmishers and distinguished himself by his
usual gallantry and address. He was wounded in the arm, but
continued in the field till night. Lieutenant Felder, of the

Twenty-fifth, was also wounded, and Lieutenant Harvey, of the
Seventh battalion, was killed.

These three days' fighting was called the Battle of Petersburg.
It resulted on the part of the Confederates in taking a line of
defense which constructed, and from day to day strengthened
and developed, under fire, grew into formidable siege works
impregnable to all direct attack.

On the Federal side the loss of twelve thousand men in the
three days was proof that even in their present incomplete state,
held by such men as Lee commanded, they could not be carried
by assault. Grant, accordingly, sat down regularly before the
plan, and ordered siege operations begun.

Compared with the enemy's, the Confederate loss was inconsiderable.
In Hagood's brigade, the casualties of the three days
amounted to two hundred and twenty, of which thirty-six were
killed. The loss in the character of the officers killed was, however,
severely felt. Ward Hopkins was the senior captain of the
Twenty-seventh regiment, and, after Colonel Gaillard, commanded
the respect and confidence of the men and of his superiors
more perhaps than any officer in it. His loss was a calamity to
the regiment.

Captain Palmer was a graduate of the State Military Academy,
and an efficient officer. Lieutenants Allemony and Harvey were
also good officers and their loss was much deplored. Allemony
was before the war a young lawyer, rapidly rising at the
Charleston Bar, and a member of the State Legislature.

Adjutant Gelling was a young Scotch gentleman who had
emigrated to Charleston a short time before the war. On the
breaking out of hostilities, he had enlisted in one of the companies
raised in that city, and had been promoted to his present
position. General Hagood had occasion to notice and specially
commend his conduct at Cold Harbor.

THE TRENCHES OF PETERSBURG.

On the 21st, Grant extended his line of investment somewhat
more to his left, gaining no material advantage and losing to Lee
three thousand men in the operation. His cavalry were at the
same time dispatched against the railroad communications of
Petersburg to the south and west, and succeeded in doing some

slight damage, when they were encountered by the Confederate
cavalry at Stoney Creek and completely overwhelmed. A remnant
escaped into the Federal lines before Petersburg, having lost
their entire artillery and train, and a thousand prisoners.

And now occurred an episode in the siege that attracted no
general attention at the time, but was a bitter experience to
Hagood's brigade which bore the consequences of its miscarriage.
The very inception of its execution was so completely a failure
that the design of the Confederate general appeared not to be
suspected by either army, or by the public, and stillborn, its
memory will only survive in the limbo of such memoirs as these,
where individual history is the topic.

Grant's line had by this time extended a considerable distance
from the river, and his communication with his base at City
Point was behind his right flank and along the river. General
Lee, in conjunction with General Beauregard, determined to
assume the offensive, drive in Grant's right wing, seize his line of
retreat, and, forcing him away from his base, inflict such a blow
as would raise the siege if not put an end to the campaign. The
plan was entirely feasible. The morale of the Confederate Army
was at its highest, that of the enemy at probably its lowest during
the campaign, and the great disparity of losses induced by Grant's
sledge hammer style of fighting had brought the two armies at
this time to no insurmountable inequality of numbers, other conditions
being favorable. Accordingly, a powerful battery of
forty-four (44) field pieces was on the night of the 23rd June
secretly got into position on the north bank of the Appomattox,
here quite narrow, to enfilade the enemy's line, and Fields's
division of Longstreet's corps with other troops were massed
behind Hagood's position next the river to follow up the attack
which the latter was to lead. Anderson's brigade headed Fields's
column, and Benning's brigade (under Colonel DuBose) was
next. The following official papers narrate the manner in which
the design was attempted to be executed:

"Captain: I am required to make a full report of the operations of my
brigade in front of Petersburg on the morning of the 24th inst. My

brigade occupied the left of our line of entrenchments, resting on the
south bank of the Appomattox—the Twenty-seventh, Twenty-first and
Eleventh regiments filling the space from the river to the City Point Road,
and the Twenty-fifth and Seventh battalion extending along the lines
south of the road. The enemy's entrenchments were at this point parallel
to ours at a distance of near 400 yards, an open field with a rank growth
of oats upon it intervening. Each side had slight rifle pits a short distance
in advance of its entrenchments. Our line of entrenchment was
single, the enemy appeared to be entrenched in their lines close together,
and the attack developed the fact that in their first line they had four and
a half regiments, numbering some 1,600 or 1,700 men.

"My division commander, Major-General Hoke, had instructed me the
night before to be ready for movement in the morning, without indicating
what it would be. About dawn on the 24th he in person informed me that
a general engagement was contemplated that day, and instructed me in
detail as to the part my brigade was to take in bringing it on. A heavy
cannonade was to be opened from the north side of the river upon the
enemy's position, and five minutes after it had ceased I was to charge
that portion of their line between the river and the City Point Road with
the Twenty-seventh, Twenty-first and Eleventh regiments. He informed
me that I was to be closely supported by Anderson's brigade. When we
had succeeded in driving them from their first line, Anderson was to
occupy it till his supports arrived, when he was to press on against their
second and third lines, while pivoting my three regiments on their right
and bringing up the other two regiments of the brigade, I was to form
along the City Point Road perpendicular to my first position. Then, taking
the enemy's first line as a directrix, I was to clear Colquitt's front as far
as and including Hare's Hill, etc., etc.

"While General Hoke was still explaining the plan of battle to me,
Lieutenant Andrews reported to me from General Anderson, stating that
the latter was in position and had sent him to keep in communication with
me. In consultation with General Hoke, my plan of attack was settled
and every preparation made.

"The artillery opened precisely at 7 a. m. and ceased precisely at 7:30.
At 7:20 a. m. I sent Lieutenant Andrews to General Anderson to say I
would move in fifteen minutes. He left me with speed. A delay of seven
minutes, however, occurred in my movement, and at precisely 7:42 I
advanced. I am so far thus accurate as to time, because I did not see
my support, did not know their precise distance in rear, and being governed
in my instructions by time, noticed the watch closely.

"My advance was made with 400 picked men and officers as skirmishers,
followed by the balance of the three regiments (about 550 men) in a
second deployed line at close supporting distance. Lieutenant-Colonel Nelson,
Seventh battalion, was selected to command the skirmishers. I took
direction of the second line.

"The attack was made. The enemy were driven from their rifle pits
without resistance of moment; their first line was gained and a portion of

it captured; some thirty prisoners were taken here and sent to the rear;
and the enemy's whole line was seriously shaken, his men in numbers running
from the works. Discovering our small force, and the attack not being
followed up, his first line rallied, re-enforcements were rapidly pushed up
from his rear, and we were compelled to fall back. This was done slowly,
and the enemy, endeavoring to charge us, was driven back. My men,
under orders, laid down in the oats about half-way between the two hostile
entrenchments to await Anderson's advance and then go with him. Numbers
of them, however, got back as far as our rifle pits and were permitted
to remain there with the same orders as the more advanced line. None of
them came back to our entrenchment except a few skulkers, whom every
attack develops, and in this case, I am happy to say, they were very few.

"How much time was occupied in these movements I am unable to say,
as I did not look at my watch again. When the vigor of my attack was
broken and my men had begun to fall back, the left of Benning's brigade,
moving by a flank and coming from across the City Point Road, reached
the right of the entrenchments I had left in advancing, and there stopped.
A discussion between Major-Generals Hoke and Fields ensued, and, after
some delay, this brigade moved in and was ready to advance.

"The report of Colonel DuBose, commanding Benning's brigade, will
show the time of his arrival and the then condition of affairs. General
Anderson's report will explain the delay in his arrival. Major-General
Hoke was on the ground during the whole morning, and can speak of his
personal knowledge.

"The order of attack being countermanded, I kept out all day as many
of my men as my rifle pits would hold, withdrawing the rest by squads.
At night all were withdrawn and the regiments re-organized. My loss was
about a third of the force engaged, 25 being killed, 73 wounded and 208
missing, making an aggregate of 306.

"The gallant Lieutenant-Colonel Nelson is missing; it is hoped not killed.
Captain Axson, Twenty-seventh regiment, was killed at the head of his
company. Lieutenants Huguenin and Trim, of the Twenty-seventh, Lieutenants
Chappell, Ford and Vandiford, of the Twenty-first, and Lieutenant
Smith, of the Eleventh, were wounded.

"Captains Mulraney and Buist, of the Twenty-seventh, were captured on
the enemy's works (the latter after receiving two wounds).[25]

"Captain Raysor and Lieutenant Riley, of the Eleventh regiment, Lieutenant
White, of the Twenty-seventh, and Lieutenant Clemants, of the
Twenty-first, are missing.

"Captain: In obedience to orders from department headquarters (Beauregard's),
I respectfully report that a plan of attack upon the enemy was
settled upon on 23d June, 1864, to take place on the following morning,
which plan is fully known to the commanding general. On the night of
the 23d General Hagood was made familiar with the mode of attack
sufficiently to make the necessary arrangements. No other officer of my
command was aware of the intended advance. This precaution was taken,
fearing that by some means the enemy might learn our intentions and prepare
for us.

"In accordance with the plan, my arrangements were made which are
fully and properly given in the enclosed report of Brigadier-General
Hagood. Dividing my forces on the left of the City Point Road into two
heavy skirmish lines, one to be supported by the other, and the whole to
be supported by Brigadier-General Anderson's brigade of Fields's division,
formed in line of battle behind the hill in rear of the entrenchments then
occupied by Hagood's left. As was directed, the artillery from the batteries
on the north side of the river opened fire upon the entrenchments of
the enemy as soon as the morning mists had cleared away, and continued
its fire with great accuracy but no execution for half an hour. After the
lapse of five minutes the fire of these guns was directed upon the batteries
of the enemy, drawing in a great degree their fire from the advancing
infantry which, as far as I could see, was the only service rendered by our
guns. Indeed, I fear we were injured more than we gained by the use of
our guns, as it notified the enemy of our intended attack. My intention
was to attack immediately after our guns opened upon the enemy's batteries,
but as General Anderson had not reported, I delayed, and immediately
one of his staff officers appeared by whom General Anderson was
informed that in fifteen minutes the advance would certainly take place,
which would give him time to reach the entrenchments then occupied by
General Hagood. At the appointed time the advance was ordered, and
immediately the second line followed. The first line gallantly entered the
entrenchments of the enemy and did their duty nobly, and (as was witnessed
by General Lee himself) succeeded not only in breaking the enemy,
but drove them from their works.

"It was never expected that the entrenchments of the enemy could be
held by these two lines of skirmishers, but that they should occupy them
till the line of battle could reach them. I asked Major-General Fields, who
was on the ground, to order Anderson forward, as a moment's delay would
be fatal. He immediately sent the order, which had been previously sent,
to General Anderson to go forward. It is proper here for me to state that
this was my third effort to get General Anderson forward after my first
notice to him that `in fifteen minutes I would certainly move forward.'
Some time after General Fields's second order was sent to General Anderson,
he received a note from him saying that the entrenchments were still
occupied by General Hagood's troops. In this he was greatly mistaken, as
will be seen by General Hagood's report, and, if necessary to prove this

mistake, Colonel DuBose, commanding Benning's brigade, will corroborate
the fact that the entrenchments were then free of troops, except some
stragglers, of whom I am sure no command is exempt. Colonel DuBose
had by this time moved up in line of battle on the right of General Anderson's
position, and, after reaching the trenches, moved by a left flank down
them and occupied the position which Anderson was to have taken.

"After some time, I suppose an hour, General Fields put another brigade[26]
in the trenches on the left of the City Point Road, with a view to attack,
and seemed anxious to do so, but I advised against it, as the enemy had had
time and had made all preparation for us, and I felt assured he would
sustain a heavy loss and accomplish nothing. At this time orders were
received from General Lee for me to report to him in company with General
Fields, and, on hearing the position of affairs, he directed the attack
abandoned.

"I was much troubled at the loss of my men, who did their duty truly
and well, without results which to me appeared certain and surely ought
to have been reaped.

"It is not my desire to place blame or responsibility upon others. I fear
neither. In making the foregoing statements I merely give facts to the
best of my knowledge, and the commanding general can draw his own conclusions.
I have unofficially heard that both I and my command were
censured by the commanding general. My regret is in attempting this
attack without full command of all the forces which were to participate.
Both the plan of battle and of attack were good, but failed in the execution.
The enemy became extremely uneasy along his entire line, when
the attack was made, and, had we been successful at that point, our results
would have been such as have not heretofore been equalled. General
Hagood did everything in his power to give us success, and desired to push
forward when, in my judgment, it appeared hazardous.

"(Endorsement.)

"Respectfully forwarded to General R. E. Lee for his information.

"It will be seen by the reports of Generals Hoke and Hagood that they
are not responsible for the failure of the attack of the 24th ulto., which
would have undoubtedly been successful had the supports advanced in
time. General Hoke is mistaken, if he refers to me, when he says `I have
heard unofficially that both I and my command have been censured by the
commanding general.' I stated only that `the success would have been
most brilliant had the skirmishers been properly supported.' His report
and that of General Hagood prove the correctness of my assertion.

"General Hoke says, on the second page of his report, `After a lapse of
five minutes the fire of the guns (i. e., 44 guns on the north side of the
Appomattox) was directed upon the batteries of the enemy, drawing in a
great degree their fire from the advancing infantry, which, as far as I
could see, was the only service rendered by our guns. Indeed, I fear we
were injured more than we gained by the use of our guns, as it notified
the enemy of our intended attack.'

"The object of opening the fire of the batteries referred to during the
half hour preceding the infantry attack was to demoralize the enemy's
troops occupying the defensive lines which were to be attacked, and which
were enfiladed and taken in reverse by those batteries. It was expected
also that the heavy artillery fire would throw into confusion any supports
the enemy might have concealed in the woods near his line. The
best proof of the entire success of the plan is the facility with which an
unsupported line of skirmishers got possession of those lines, with a loss
of only twenty-five killed and seventy-two wounded. I am decidedly of
opinion that regard being had to locality and the attending circumstances,
no better results could have been obtained than the plan adopted, and
which failed only because not properly supported.

"Headquarters Department North Carolina and Southern Virginia, 5th
July, 1864.

Thus failed a brillant and entirely practical design, which
might have given a different complexion to the history of this
famous siege. General Hoke has noticed a fundamental error in
the plan of attack, the supports not being under the same command
as the attacking line. General Fields was present at the
entrenchments during the whole affair, and no blame appears to
have attached to him. If it was impracticable, as it probably was
under the circumstances, for the attack to have been made and
supported by the same division, a common superior should have
been on the spot to harmonize the action of the two divisions
partly engaged. Generals Lee and Beauregard were near the
batteries across the river in close view of the field, but without
means of direct communication, and therefore unable to take
tactical direction of the affair.

So far, the plan of attack was radically wrong, but there is
another and more palpable cause of failure manifest. Anderson
was in line of battle (the head of a column by brigades) behind
a hill about 150 yards in rear of Hagood when the attack was

to commence, the "delay of seven minutes" which occurred in
Hagood's movement was intentional on his part. He was waiting
to see Anderson's approach advancing over the hill before he
started, and he would have continued to wait, had not an aide
from General Hoke, with whom General Fields was standing
some forty yards off across the road, directed him to move at once.
Instead of moving forward in line over the hill to the support
of the attack, Anderson, when compelled by repeated orders to
move, went, it was said, to the rear by file as far as the Iron
Bridge nearly a quarter of a mile, thence full another quarter of
a mile up the ravine of Poor Creek till he reached the shelter of
the entrenchments near Hare's Hill, and then came stumbling
along them already crowded with men, until he reached the
part Hagood had left. He was more than one hour getting to a
position to which he had little more than 150 yards to march
straight forward, and with nothing in his way but the usual
hazards of hostile fire. In the meantime, DuBose had got up
three-quarters of an hour ahead of the brigade that was to lead
him, but too late to support Hagood's attack, which was made
at a charging step.

General Hagood had no personal interview with Anderson
afterward and never saw his report, if any was made by him, to
explain his conduct. On the record here given, there is but one
comment to be made, and that the obvious one—Anderson should
have been shot.[27] There was not even a court held, though the
common sense of that portion of the army that knew anything of
the affair kept afloat for two or three weeks the daily rumor that
one had been ordered.

This day's experience was a peculiarly trying one to the commander
of Hagood's brigade. His men were uselessly sacrificed;
and from the secrecy with which the designs of the day had been
kept, the delay in the arrival of the supports, and the absence
of action on their part when they had come, there was a meaningless
air thrown over his assault which he was not at liberty
to explain. He was conscious that to some extent his command
was demoralized by the result, and that it appeared to both men
and officers a riddle why a skirmish line unsupported should be

rushed upon a triple line of breastworks garnished with artillery
and manned by five fold their number of infantry. At length a
Charleston editor, from which city it will be remembered two
regiments of the brigade came, gave currency to the absurd idea
that General Hagood had made the attack without orders, and
with ambitious views on his part. Then, with General Beauregard's
approbation, he sent for publication in the same sheet
sufficient extracts from the foregoing official papers to partially
explain his connection with the affair; more he could not do pending
the campaign, and for some time afterward the injurious
reputation of recklessness clung to him in consequence of this
day's work.

A few days previous to this, in consequence of most of the regiments
of the brigade being without field officers, General Hagood
had divided his command into wings and given general superintendence
of each to the two officers present highest in rank.
Lieutenant-Colonel Nelson was put in charge of the regiments
north of the City Point road, and it was thus he happened to be
engaged when his regiment was not. He was standing by
Hagood's side on the right of the line, when Hoke's aide brought
the order to advance. The men, who had been told to follow his
lead, were intently watching him, and when he was ordered to go,
without speaking, he drew his handkerchief from his breast and
raised it aloft. The men sprang over the parapet with a yell
and rushed upon the enemy across the intervening space, he
moving upon the right of the line. When they were driven back
and had laid down in the oats (as they were instructed), to await
the coming of the supports, he moved east along the whole length
of his line under the close fire of the enemy and shortly after
reaching the left, disappeared. The men of his command thought
he was left by them wounded on the field. Painful rumors
reached us through prisoners a few days afterward of his having
been murdered by negro troops while being taken by the enemy
to the rear. General Hagood brought the rumor to General Lee's
attention, naming a captured lieutenant from whom he had it,
and asked that a flag should enquire into the fact. The request
was not granted. Thus fell a devoted patriot, a gallant soldier,
a courteous gentleman.

Captain Axson was a valuable officer. He was mortally

wounded early in the charge and lingered painfully for some
hours, when succor could not be rendered him. Captain Mulraney
was captured literally upon the enemy's works, waving his
cap and cheering on his men. Captain Buist had joined the
brigade for the first time, after Cold Harbor; he was not
wounded, though so stated upon misinformation, was exchanged
shortly afterwards through some special influences and never
again served on the field. He obtained one of the numerous
exempt positions which had begun at this period of the war to
be ominously sought after.

Lieutenant Trim lost his arm and was put on the retired list.
Lieutenants Smith, Vandiford and Chappell died of their
wounds. Chappell was the young officer whose good conduct at
Walthal Junction so materially aided in rallying the Twenty-first
regiment. At Drury's Bluff his coolness and efficiency
attracted the attention of his brigade commander and procured
him a compliment on the field. At first, he seemed likely to
recover from his wound, and had procured an invalid leave.
When pulling on his boot preparatory to leaving the hospital for
home, he ruptured an artery near which the ball had passed, and
bled to death. Some days after he had been wounded, General
Hagood had sent him a handsome pistol captured from a Federal
officer, with a note saying that it was intended as a testimonial
of his uniform gallantry and good conduct. When the surgeon
informed him that the blood could not be staunched, and that he
must die, he called for his pistol and had it laid beside him on
his cot. The pistol which he so treasured with its history was
carefully forwarded to his widowed mother as a memorial of her
noble boy. There was slain, too, upon this field among the noncommissioned
officers, Pickens Butler Watts, first sergeant of
Allston's company, Twenty-seventh regiment, the most distinguished
soldier of his rank at that time in the brigade. He had
been mentioned for conspicuous gallantry upon every field in
which his regiment had been engaged in this campaign, and in
the pursuit of the routed Federal army into its lines at Bermuda
Hundreds, when, weak from sickness, he had fainted upon the
march, he declined to use an ambulance, but recovering, pushed
on and at nightfall was in the ranks of his company, skirmishing
with the enemy.

Eldred Gantt, sergeant-major of the Eleventh regiment, and a
brother of its colonel, was also wounded in this affair, and died a
few days later.[28]

On the morning of the 18th June, when Beauregard retired
from the Harrison Creek line to the one now occupied, the latter
from the banks of the Appomattox to near the Jerusalem Plank
road, where it ran into the line of the original defences, was in
some places a trench not over two feet deep, in other places not
a spade had been put in the ground—the line had been merely
marked out by the engineers. The enemy following up immediately,
this portion of the defences, as previously noticed, was
constructed in the intervals of battle or under the constant fire
of sharpshooters, and consequently remained a siege trench, the
men standing in the ditch from which the earth was taken that
formed the parapet, and the latter having no exterior ditch and
but little elevation in place of which to impede an assaulting
column abattis, chevaux du frize, palisades, breakwater, etc.,
were resorted to. Very little artillery was placed on the line of
the infantry trench. Generally, the mortars and guns used were
placed in suitable positions in rear. There were few if any guns
used by the defence of heavier calibre than a Coehorn mortar or
a field piece. In the progress of the siege, with incessant labor
night and day, the Confederate works were strengthened in profile,
drained, traversed, and covered approaches made. Bombproofs
were very little, if at all, resorted to, and the men had no
shelter from the weather save the few trees accidentally upon the
line, or their blankets hoisted after the fashion of the tent d'abris.

Grant's lines conform to the general direction of the defence at
distances varying from two to four hundred yards, and between
the opposing lines each side had its rifle pits occupied by a picket
line at night which was withdrawn in the day. At the Jerusalem
Plank road, the lines ceased their parallelism, and the Federal
line proceeded southerly towards the Weldon road, where bending
back it eventually rested upon the Blackwater Swamp thus
ensconcing the besieging force in a complete entrenched camp.
Upon the latter portion of their line, collision was only occasional,
and partook of the nature of field fighting. But from the Jerusalem
Plank road back to the Appomattox, the fire of artillery

and sharpshooters was incessant, frequently continuing night and
day, never ceasing from dawn till dark.

The morning of the 19th opened with heavy firing from sharpshooters
which continued all day and ceased at night on Hagood's
front. For this and several days the casualties were numerous
from the imperfect protection as yet secured by the men. There
were two Napoleons on Hagood's line, where it crossed the City
Point road, and on the 21st he caused one of them to be arranged
for vertical fire by depressing the train in a pit 'till the gun had
an angle of 45 degrees elevation, and firing with small charges.
He had seen it done at the siege of Charleston; and here as there
it answered admirably as an expedient.

On the 23rd, eight Coehorns were placed in position in rear of
his left; and subsequently another battery of these was established
behind his right, where it joined Colquitt. The enemy had
mortar batteries in our front by the 27th, but the fire from these
did at no time much damage on this portion of our line. He
found it difficult to drop his shell upon the thin riband of a ditch
running parallel; and falling front or rear of it they did no
harm. When they fell in the ditch, which was seldom, the frequent
traverses limited their destructive effect. The most galling
artillery fire to which the brigade was subjected was from Hare's
Hill, whence its line was partially enfiladed. The enemy now also
erected at some distance in rear of his right a battery of Parrotts
and commenced shelling the town. The portion of it within range
was soon abandoned by the inhabitants, though many of the
poorer class remained, taking refuge in their cellars, when the
bombardment was heavy. What number of casualties occurred
among the citizens is not known to the writer, though he saw a
poor woman killed by a shell in the suburb of Blanford as he was
returning upon one occasion to the trenches from his baggage
wagon whither he had gone to get a change of clothing.

Our picket line on the left of the City Point road was not
advanced as far by many yards as it was on the right of it. The
enemy's conformed somewhat to ours; and on the night of the
27th their officer inspecting his picket and coming from toward
the river, crossed the road in this interval and found himself
behind our picket line on the right, when he was quietly marched
to the rear. The trap was kept open and for two more nights

the enemy must have been mystified by the disappearance of their
inspecting officers. The last night three captains walked into it,
but we got no more.

An incident occurred with one of these captains that is narrated,
because it seemed to be characteristic of the Puritan. When
captured they were sent back to General Hagood's pit on the
main line, and, as they were taken on duty, the general directed
Lieutenant Moffett of his staff to ascertain if they had any official
papers or orders about them. They were genteel-looking men,
close shaved, neatly dressed, and one of them, near middle age,
having the appearance of a substantial God-fearing and prosperous
family man ere he had become "a boy in blue." The lieutenant,
apologizing for the necessity, proceeded to discharge his duty,
and required them to empty their pockets. Gold watches, pocket
compasses and Rogers's cutlery were produced—the elder also
pulling out several hundred dollars in greenbacks. These were
all returned to them, and the lieutenant asked if they had nothing
else about them. "Nothing," said the oldest officer with quite an
air, "except my Bible." "Let me see it," and from its leaves as
it was handed out fell a half dozen card photographs. One was
of an old lady, a good specimen of matronly respectability, and
the mother of the prisoner; the others were of naked women in
lewd postures!

The chronicler of a former rebellion, in which the forefathers
of these people were the rebels, tells of a skirmish of Prince
Rupert's in which a clergyman, a "principal governor," and a
"shining light" among the then party of moral ideas, was slain
after refusing quarter and provoking the soldiers by the most
odious reviling of the person and honor of the king, and "in
whose pockets were found several papers of memorials of his
own obscene and scurrilous behavior with several women in such
loose expression as modest ears cannot endure."[29] The stirpiculturist
will note with delight how "like begets like," and might be
tempted to trace the descent through Burns's "Holy Willie."

After making his own works in our front secure from assault,
Grant at first appeared to have resorted to regular approaches
by zigzags and parallels, but these were discontinued after little
progress had been made; and the impression prevailed on the

Confederate side that he had resorted to mining. Accordingly,
counter mines were commenced at the points where the hostile
lines were nearest. In the construction of these the shafts with
a cross section of 6′ and 4′ generally began to be sunk some thirty
or forty feet behind the infantry trench and descended at an easy
grade until it reached the water-bearing stratum at the particular
point, which was seldom over thirty feet beneath the surface.
Then pushing forward, until some sixty to one hundred feet in
front of the trench had been gained, the gallery was extended
laterally right and left for a greater or less distance to cover the
menaced point. This was the general outline of their construction,
but some were very elaborately executed, ramifying in every
direction. All were ceiled with plank and scantling as the work
advanced and were lighted and ventilated by perpendicular
shafts. Holes were also bored with earth augurs from the galleries
horizontally towards the enemy to serve as acoustic tubes
in conveying the sounds of hostile mining. Sentinels were kept
in the galleries night and day; and their cool, quiet aisles were
delightful retreats from the heat and turmoil of the trenches. It
must be confessed, however, that with the ever present death
above ground there was something in the dank stillness that
reigned within them suggestive of the grave.

About the 28th July, the Federal commander was discovered
transporting troops to the north of the James, and Lee began to
send over troops to meet this threat against Richmond.

On the 29th, Grant suddenly brought back his troops, and at
daylight, on the 30th, sprung a mine under the salient on the
Baxter road held by Elliott's South Carolina brigade. The
breach was immediately assailed and occupied, but the enemy was
unable to get beyond the crater, where he was held at bay until
the arrival of re-enforcements expelled him and our original lines
were re-established. This was perhaps the most prominent event
of the siege, but it is not within the scope of these Memoirs to
go into its details, Hagood's brigade being in no way connected
with it. The fighting on the crater was desperate—the Confederates
sustaining 1,200 casualties and inflicting a loss of over six
thousand upon the enemy, of which 1,100 were prisoners.

The ordinary details for guard and picket and fatigue duty
from the troops were very heavy. All the men were required to

sit in line of battle upon the banquette, arms in hand and officers
at their posts for the half hour preceding and the half hour after
dark. From this time, until an hour before daylight, one-half of
the men not on other duty were kept awake at a time in the same
position, while the other half were allowed to get what sleep they
could in the bottom of the trench, their arms and accoutrements
laid aside but near at hand and disturbed by the frequent
passage of inspecting officers or fatigue parties blundering along
in the dark on their prostrate forms. From an hour before day
until after good daylight all were roused up and stood to arms,
fully equipped and prepared to repel the assault. Again during
the day only one-half were allowed to lay off their equipments at
a time; and none was permitted, day or night, to leave his
assigned place in the trench without special permission. The
company officers remained at all times with their men in the
trench; the field officers and brigade staff had their respective
pits, some six feet in rear of the general trench, and were permitted
to use them except when the men were standing to arms.
Division commanders were from six hundred yards to a half a
mile in rear and generally occupied houses in the suburbs. Generals
Lee and Beauregard had their headquarters near each other
on the hill north of the Appomattox near Pocohontas Bridge,
and with their staffs were in tents. The men in the trenches
served as sharpshooters by regular detail. The constant use of
the shoulder in shooting produces bruises and soreness, so that
they accustomed themselves to rest the rifle on the parapet and
fire it as a pistol. The accuracy of their fire was frequently
spoken of by letter writers to the Northern papers; and our men,
as at Wagner, became very fond of it. It was a relief to the
passive endurance which made up so large a part of their duty.

Such service continued day in and day out, for so long a time,
was trying to the last degree upon the men already jaded by an
active campaign. For some time, during July, not a field officer
was present with the brigade for duty, and four out of the five
regiments were commanded by lieutenants. To preserve anything
like organization and efficiency, General Hagood was compelled
to consolidate companies temporarily, and to assign to duty, as
acting commissioned officers, non-commissioned officers and even
privates. In doing this he selected men who had hitherto been

mentioned for good conduct in battle. This he did without
authority of law, but it was acquiesced in and answered a good
purpose, though it was a dangerous experiment in an army like
ours. The trenches, however, were not a very congenial atmosphere
for demagogy. The most rampant asserter of reserved
rights would, like Esau, have sold his birthright for a mess of
pottage, provided it was cooked done, and an hour's peaceful
sleep had been added to the bargain. By the first of August (in
six weeks from the commencement of this service) the strength
under arms of the brigade was reduced one-half, and in three
weeks more it was reduced two-thirds—numbering then but 700
men. The casualties in battle, excluding the day of the 24th of
June, did not exceed one hundred, though not a day passed without
more or less; and from the fact that the wounds were generally
in the head or the upper part of the person, and from the
enfeebled state of the general health of the men, they were mostly
fatal. Diseases of a low, nervous type carried the men to the
field infirmary; and at one time there were five hundred cases
in Hagood's brigade alone. These field infirmaries were placed in
the woods by some roadside in rear of the city, provided sometimes
with a few tents, never with enough, and sometimes with
none—where the men were sent whom it was thought possible to
restore to duty in a short time and where the surgical operations
were performed. The regimental surgeons were here. The assistant
surgeons were in some places, more or less sheltered, as near
as one could be found to the lines. The litter bearers brought the
wounded to them, and after temporary treatment they were dispatched
in two-horse ambulances to the infirmary. The various
post hospitals in Petersburg, Richmond and even further off,
received the severe cases. These hospitals were generally well
managed; but the field infirmaries were the scene of much suffering,
partly unavoidable and partly due to mismanagement. It
depended entirely upon the fidelity and administrative ability of
the senior brigade surgeon how each was managed. The brigade
commander was expected to exercise a supervision over them
which his duties in the trenches prevented from being sufficiently
rigid; and the higher medical officers were not, within the writer's
observation, particular enough in supervising their brigade subordinates.

From the 1st to the 20th of August nothing occurred with us to
break the monotony of life in the trenches, such as it was. The
foregoing narrative has given the outline of the military events
and surroundings—the naked skeleton of the history; but it is
difficult to convey to one who has never had a similar experience
an idea of the actual reality of the labors and suffering of the
men who for these long, hot summer months held without relief
the trenches of Petersburg. The following extracts from the
journal (MSS.) of Lieutenant Moffett, adjutant of the Twenty-fifth
regiment, then acting as inspector on the brigade staff, and
who gallantly and faithfully discharged his full share of the
duties performed, depicts vividly but without exaggeration the
life we led.

"Seldom," says he, "are men called upon to endure as much
as was required of the troops who occupied the trenches of Petersburg
during the months of June, July and August. It was endurance
without relief; sleeplessness without excitement; inactivity
without rest; constant apprehension requiring ceaseless watching.
The nervous system was continually strained 'till the spirits
became depressed almost beyond endurance. . . . . Day after day,
as soon as the mists which overhung the country gave way to
dawn and until night spread her welcome mantle over the earth,
the sharpshooting was incessant, the constant rattle of small
arms, the spiteful hissing of bullets, never ceased, and was only
drowned by the irregular but daily bombardment from heavier
metal. Casualties were of daily occurrence, and no place along
the line could be considered safe. The most sheltered were penetrated
by glancing bullets, and many severe wounds were received
in this way. The trenches themselves were filthy, and though
policing was rigidly enforced, yet it was almost impossible to
keep down the constant accumulation. Vermin abounded, and
diseases of various kinds showed themselves. The digestive
organs of the men became impaired by the rations issued and the
manner in which they were prepared. Diarrhea and dysentery
were universal; the legs and feet of the men swelled until they
could not wear their shoes; the filth of their persons from the
scarcity of water was terrible; and they presented the appearance
rather of inmates of a miserably conducted poor house than
of soldiers of an army. But all of this was endured; and although

among the meaner class desertions occurred and even self-mutilation
was resorted to[30] to escape this horrid nightmare that brooded
upon spirits not highly enough tempered to endure it, yet the
great majority of the men stood all their sufferings with unflinching
endurance, and never yielded 'till disease drove them to the
field infirmary. Not the least of the evils encountered was the
unavoidable stench from the latrines. Again, when it rained ever
so little, the clay of the soil became a soapy and sticky mud; and
after a heavy rain (before drainage was looked to) I have seen
the water waist deep in the bottom of the trench and eighteen
inches on the banquette, leaving no place for the men to sit or lie
down upon. Fortunately at night the sharpshooting ceased, and
the men spread their blankets on the parapet and slept. . . ."

Such was the life of the soldier in the trenches, and the following
verses appearing anonymously in the Petersburg paper,
during the siege, takes up the story and gives what was its frequent
ending:

BATTLE OF WELDON ROAD.

About the middle of August, Grant threw a large part of his
force across the James at Deep Bottom and advanced towards
Richmond. It resulted in his repulse, but drew a large part of
our force from Petersburg and thus gave him an opportunity
to strike at the Weldon railroad within three miles of which his
left then rested. He obtained possession of a considerable portion
of it from Davis's farm near the city southward—suffering a loss
of a thousand men. On the 19th, Colquitt's and Clingman's
brigades, of Hoke's division, were detached to take part with
other troops in an effort to dislodge him. They failed of success,
though the operation resulted in inflicting heavy loss upon the
enemy, including the capture of three thousand prisoners. General
Clingman was wounded and never again rejoined his brigade.

The fight was to be renewed on the 20th, and on the night of
the 19th, about 9 o'clock, General Hagood received an order to

turn over his brigade in the trenches to the senior officer present,
and taking with him only his personal aide report to General
A. P. Hill to command a brigade from Bushrod Johnson's
division in the expected fight. Bushrod Johnson was holding the
lines next to Hoke, and he sent no organized brigade, but a regiment
from each brigade of his division. It seemed that his habit
was to keep one regiment from each of his brigades resting in
rear of the lines and he sent such as happened to be there at the
time. The regiments commenced arriving at the rendezvous near
the lead works when Hagood was to meet them about 11:30 p. m.,
and by 3 a. m. Hagood had effected a brigade organization with
them, appointing haphazard an acting staff and leaving their
names and those of his regimental commanders, for it was too
dark to see their faces, he reported to General Hill, who was
asleep in his ambulance near by. When General Hill learned the
heterogeneous character of the brigade sent him, he, much to
Hagood's relief, declined to receive it, and directed the regiments
returned to their division.

Nothing was done that day. The enemy were left to entrench
undisturbed across the coveted road. In the afternoon, Hagood's
own brigade was withdrawn from the trenches and marching
through Petersburg bivouacked beyond its southern limits to the
right of Battery 45.

But 59 officers and 681 men marched out of the trenches. Sixty-seven
days and nights in them, without relief, had shorn the
brigade of two-thirds of its numerical strength, and so debilitated
were the sickly and enfeebled remainder that they tired
badly in the short evening march. The brigade was itself only
in the unconquerable spirit of the remnant which still clung to
its banner. When General Hagood again in pursuance of his
directions reported to General Hill, he felt that justice to his
men required it, and he unhesitatingly asked and received the
promise that he should not be used in the next day's work, if it
could be avoided.

The change from the cramped and noisome trench to the freedom
of the bivouac, and the call upon the men for action, instead
of endurance, aroused their spirits wonderfully. And although
it rained all night, the fires of the brushwood crackled merrily,
and there was once more heard the light laugh, the ready joke,

and the busy hum of voices as the men prepared their suppers or
smoked their pipes stretched at length before the exhilarating
blaze.

At 2 a. m. (of the 21st of August) the brigade was aroused,
and, moving out at half-past three, followed the column destined
for the day's engagement. It still rained; and after a toilsome
march through mud and water, first down the Squirrel Level
road and then across toward the Poplar Spring Church, more or
less skirmishing going on all the time by the flankers on our left,
the brigade was directed to halt by the roadside and remain in
reserve, while the column passed on. It had now ceased raining,
and shortly afterwards, about a mile in front of us, the fire of
skirmishers was heard, and a heavy fire of artillery opened. The
men laid down and rested from the unwonted fatigue of the
march. The firing became more earnest in front; and in about
half an hour a courier from General Hill arrived and directed us
to hasten to the front and report to Major-General Mahone.

Proceeding by a short cut into the Vaughn road, under the
guidance of the courier, and up that toward Petersburg until
within six hundred yards of the Flowers' house, we turned across
the field to the right and proceeded towards the railroad, in the
vicinity of the Globe Tavern. A number of pieces were in position
in this field, shelling the railroad, and the enemy's batteries
in that direction, though not visible from woods intervening, were
replying vigorously. General Hagood moving in columns of
fours, passed at double quick across this field, suffering some
casualties from exploding shells; and as he reached its further
border, a major-general rode up to him announcing himself as
General Mahone. Then leading the column, he himself placed it
in position in line of battle along the edge of the wood and facing
the railroad. "Now," said he to Hagood, "you are upon the flank
and rear of the enemy. I have five brigades fighting them in
front and they are driving them. I want you to go in and press
them all you can." Some fifty yards within the woods the swamp
of a rivulet (or "branch") was to be seen; beyond nothing was
visible, and firing both of artillery and infantry was then going
on. General Mahone added, "when you have crossed the branch
swamp you will come upon a clearing in which some 300 yards
further is the enemy's line, and they are not entrenched." He
also urged promptness in the attack.

General Hagood immediately gave the order to advance, and
the men moving in line made their way across the swamp. Upon
arriving on the other side, we found ourselves in the clearing, but
the enemy still not visible. We were under a hill and they were
upon the open plateau sufficiently far beyond to prevent the
view. The advance of the brigade had, however, evidently
attracted attention from the fire drawn in our direction. The
line had been much broken in crossing the swamp, and Hagood
immediately pushed skirmishers up the hill for protection and
ordered one of his staff to accompany them and reconnoiter while
he gave his personal assistance to Captain Moloney, in getting the
line of battle rapidly reformed. He assisted the adjutant, instead
of himself going to reconnoiter, because from the report of a
courier, who had gone up the hill while the skirmishers were
forming, he thought there was some danger of being himself
assailed where he was and his men were so disorganized at the
moment as to be in no condition to repel an attack.

In a few minutes the brigade was formed, and the report coming
at the same time from the skirmishers that the enemy was
but a short distance ahead of them, and only in rifle pits, thus
confirming General Mahone's statement. Hagood, cautioning his
men to move only at a quick step till he himself gave the order
to charge, moved his brigade forward. He had dismounted, and,
placing himself in front of the center to steady the men and
repress excitement, moved backward in front of the line for a
short distance as if on a drill. Himself halting before reaching
the crest of the hill, the line passed and he followed with his
staff behind the right of the Twenty-first regiment. The Twenty-fifth
was on the left of the Twenty-first, and the other three regiments
on its right. As soon as the brigade became visible, ascending
the hill, a rapid fire was opened upon it, to which in reply
not a shot was fired, but moving forward steadily at quick time
with arms at "right shoulder shift," as we approached the line of
enemy's pits, they broke from them and fled. With one accord a
battle yell rang out along our line, and the men, as if by command,
broke into "double quick" in pursuit. At the same moment,
General Hagood discovered that the line in front of us had only
been an entrenched skirmish line, though so heavy as to have
deceived his skirmishers into the notion that it was a line of

battle; and that 250 yards beyond was a strongly entrenched line,
crowded with men and artillery, extending right and left as far
as he could see; and the five Confederate attacking brigades
nowhere visible. It also appeared to him that he was moving
upon a re-entering angle of the enemy's line. In this, however,
he was partially mistaken. An examination of the field after the
war (see diagram at p. 321) showed that the enemy's line crossing
the railroad from the east, at this time bent immediately southward,
and followed its course in a comparatively straight line at
some forty yards on its western side. Later in the siege their line
extended farther west, as shown in the Federal sketch at p. 306.
Then, recrossing the road at a point below where we struck it,
their line only bit out a piece sufficient, if he could hold and permanently
entrench, to prevent its further use by us. Immediately
to the right of where we struck their line, a small bastioned work
for field artillery was thrust forward, and our line of advance was
oblique to the enemy's general line and toward its junction with
the flank of this work. Thus, in fact, we were going into a
reentering made more by the vicious direction of our advance
than by the actual construction of the enemy's works. The flank
fire from the bastioned work we could not have avoided, but from
our oblique attack we had also more or less a flank fire from the
straight line, which was an infantry parapet of fully five feet
command with an exterior ditch eight or ten feet wide and
artillery at intervals. Perceiving at a glance the hopelessness
of assault under such circumstances, General Hagood stopping
himself, shouted again and again the command to halt; but the
crash and rattle of twelve or fifteen pieces of artillery, and probably
2,500 rifles, which had now opened upon us at close range,
drowned his voice and the fury of the battle was upon his men.
Moving forward with the steady tramp of the double quick, and
dressing upon their colors, these devoted men, intent only on
carrying the position before them, neither broke their alignment
until it was broken by the irregular impact upon the enemy's
works, nor stopped to fire their guns until their rush to obtain
the parapet was repelled.

When General Hagood saw his men thus rushing upon certain
destruction and his efforts to stop them unavailing, he felt that
if they were to perish he should share their fate; and with

Sketch taken on the ground in 1868:

A. Hagood's Brigade as put in position by Gen. Mahone

B. Across the swamp—advancing.

C. C. An enemy's works.

Moloney and Martin and Orderly Stoney, who were all of his
staff that were with him (Moffett and Mazyck were further back
in discharge of their respective duties as inspector and ordnance
officer), followed the advancing line. In fifty yards Lieutenant
Martin fell, shot in the knee; a few steps further and Captain
Moloney fell, shot through the head; and Hagood and Stoney
alone reached the works—the latter shot in the shoulder but not
disabled. The Twenty-fifth and Twenty-first regiments being on
the left from the oblique direction of the advance, first struck the
works; and while they struggled to get in, the other three regiments
swept on. When they reached the ditch, there was from
75 to 100 yards interval between the two divisions into which the
brigade had broken.

General Hagood was with Major Wilds, commanding the
Twenty-first, who was cheering on his men to renewed assault
(success being now their only hope of safety), when looking to
the right he saw a mounted Federal officer among the men on the
left portion of the brigade to the right, with a regimental color
in his hands, and a confusion and parleying immediately around
him that betokened approaching surrender. The fight was still
raging to Hagood's right and left; there was no cessation on our
part except in the squad just around this officer, and none whatever
that was perceptible on the part of the enemy. They had
pushed out from the right and left a line behind us to cut off our
retreat, and this officer (Captain Daly of General Cutler's staff)
had galloped out of a sally port, seized a color from the hands of
its bearer, and demanded a surrender. Some officers and men
surrendered, but were not carried in; others refused, but just
around him ceased fighting. General Hagood called to the men to
shoot him and fall back in retreat. They either did not hear him
or bewildered by the surrender of part of their number, failed to
obey. It was a critical moment and demanded instant and
decided action. In a few minutes the disposition to surrender
would have spread and the whole brigade have been lost.
Making his way across the intervening space as speedily as he
could, exposed to a regular fire by file from the enemy's line,
scarce thirty yards off, and calling to his men to fall back—which
they did not do—General Hagood approached the officer and
demanded the colors, and that he should go back within his own

lines, telling him he was free to do so. He commenced arguing
the hopelessness of further struggle, and pointed out the lines in
our rear. Hagood cut him short, and demanded a categorical
reply—yes, or no. Daly was a man of fine presence and sat with
loosened rein upon a noble-looking bay that stood with head and
tail erect and flashing eye and distended nostrils, quivering in
every limb with excitement, but not moving in his tracks. In
reply to his abrupt demand, the rider raised his head proudly
and decisively answered, "No!" Upon the word General Hagood
shot him through the body, and, as he reeled from the saddle
upon one side, sprang into it from the other, Orderly Stoney
seizing the flag from Daly's falling hands.

There was no thought of surrender now. The yell from the
brigade following the act and ringing out above the noise of
battle told their commander that they were once more in hand
and would go now wherever ordered—whether to the front or
rear.

Shouting to them to face about, Hagood led them at a run
against the line in his rear, Stoney holding aloft in the front the
recaptured flag which he had torn from its staff. This line
melted before our charge; but the fire was terrific after breaking
through it, until the shelter of the valley of the branch was
reached. Upon its margin a fragment from a schrapnel shell tore
open the loin of the horse upon which Hagood rode; and struggling,
as he fell, he kicked Lieutenant William Taylor of the
Seventh battalion upon the head, rendering him for the time so
confused that he had to be led from the field by one of his men.
This gallant young officer had a few days before rejoined his
command with an unhealed wound received at Drury's Bluff.

This ended the fighting for the possession of the Weldon Road.
The Confederate losses had been very insignificant, until today,
and now it was confined principally to our brigade. Grant had
lost 5,000 men, but he had the road. A few days afterwards,
Hancock with 8,000 men was dispatched southward from this
point to tear up the track. A. P. Hill and Hampton met and
defeated him at Ream's Station[31] with the loss of two field batteries
and between 2,500 and 3,000 men. Grant's men might have
adopted with some variation the burthen of Hood's "Song of

the Shirt"—"Ah, God! That roads should be so dear and flesh
and blood so cheap!"

A week afterwards, in a conversation in General Lee's presence,
General A. P. Hill stated to Hagood that on the morning of the
21st he was informed by his scouts as to the position and condition
of the enemy's works, believing that the point upon which
Hagood was sent was the left of their line, and that they had no
further works down the railroad. He also added that the haziness
of the morning prevented his ascertaining his error until
Hagood's attack developed it. General Mahone also said to General
Hagood that he shared the same misapprehension, but
insisted that if the other five brigades had attacked with the same
vigor that Hagood's did, we would have won. It seemed that
after driving the enemy's skirmish line from the pits, out of
which Hagood's men marched them, they stopped; and the heavy
fusillade which made Mahone think they were driving the enemy
was from a stationery line firing at long range.[32]

The frankness and freedom with which these two distinguished
officers took the blame of the blunder upon themselves greatly
relieved General Hagood, for he feared that this affair, in the misapprehension
to which it would be subjected, would be similar
to the assault of the 24th June at the City Point Road. It was,
however, generally correctly understood in the army, and apparently
not misunderstood by the public. Both Generals Lee and
Beauregard were on the field, and the latter next day sent Hagood
word through General Hoke that had it been in his power he
would have promoted him before leaving it. He also, through
his adjutant, called for a written report of the incident of the
flag. This was briefly written and forwarded. Some months
afterward, General Cooper, adjutant-general at Richmond, very
kindly sent to General Hagood an official copy of the endorsements
made on the report, then on file in his office. They were
as follows:

"Respectfully forwarded through General R. E. Lee to his Excellency,
President Davis, for his information. Such an act of gallantry, as herein
described, and of devotion to one's flag reflects the highest credit on the
officer who performs it, and it should be held up to the army as worthy of
imitation under similar circumstances. Brigadier-General Hagood is a
brave and meritorious officer, who had distinguished himself already at
Battery Wagner and Drury's Bluff, and participated actively in the battles
of Warbottam Church and Petersburg on the 16th and 17th June last. I
respectfully recommend him for promotion at the earliest opportunity.
Attention is also called to General Hagood's recommendation of his orderly,
Private J. D. Stoney, for a commission. I feel assured he is deserving of it.

"There are two modes of recognizing distinguished service—one by promotion,
the other by announcement in orders. See recommendation for the
private and note for the brigadier, whom I regard worthy of promotion
when it can be consistently done.

Stoney subsequently received from the President the commission
of second lieutenant in the Twenty-seventh regiment, and
did his duty as faithfully and gallantly as heretofore 'till the
close of the war. Captain Daly, though reported dead by the

Yankee newspaper army correspondent, was understood to have
survived and to have published in the New York Herald many
months afterward a card, among other things vindicatory of General
Hagood from the charge of murder which the Yankee papers
freely lavished upon him.[33]

General Hagood, valuing highly the approval of his superior
officers in the field, sought to make no use of the foregoing handsome
endorsements beyond leaving them in the war office, where
they were quietly pigeon-holed. Three months later, he and
many better men were overslaughed by the assignment to a
division command in the army of Northern Virginia of an officer
who had never previously been in battle. This it will be remembered
was at the close of the fourth year of the war!

After the repulse of his brigade, on the 21st of August, General
Hagood kept for some time a line of skirmishers on the field as
near as possible to the enemy's works, while the litter bearers
removed the wounded. Many poor fellows crawled within this
line and were thus rescued from captivity; one of them, Lieutenant
Harper, Twenty-fifth regiment, dragged himself from
near the enemy's works with a broken leg. He was never, however,
able again to resume duty with his company. Of the 59
officers and 681 men who went into the action in the brigade, only
18 officers and 274 men came out of it unhurt; being a total of
448 casualties—or about two-thirds of the force engaged. The
enemy claimed to have buried 211 dead, of which most were
Hagood's men. The character of the casualties was probably 120
killed, 125 wounded in our hand, and 203 captured, of which a
large part were also wounded.

In the Twenty-first regiment, Major Wilds, commanding, was
wounded and captured; Lieutenant Ford wounded and captured,
and Lieutenants Bowles, Easterling and Atkinson were captured.

In the Seventh battalion Lieutenants McKaskell, Kennedy,
Isbell and Douglass were killed; Captain Segars and Lieutenants
Tiller, Raley, King, Clyburn, Taylor, and Weston wounded, and
Captain Jones with Lieutenants Young, Gardner and Schley were
captured. Captain Jones commanded the battalion in the action.

In the Eleventh regiment, Lieutenant Minas was wounded, and
Lieutenants Morrison, Bowman and Tuten were captured. Lieutenant
Morrison commanded the regiment, which had scarcely the
strength of a company.

In the Twenty-fifth regiment, Captains Sellars and Gordon,
with Lieutenants Kennerly, Ross, Bethea and Evans were killed.
Captain McKerrall and Lieutenant Duke were captured. Sellars
commanded the regiment—mistake, Gordon ranked Sellars.

In the Twenty-seventh regiment, Lieutenant-Colonel Blake and
Lieutenants Muckenfuss, Hendrix, McBeth and Hogan were captured.
Cadet Porcher was wounded. Colonel Gaillard commanded
his regiment and escaped unhurt.

Lieutenant Martin's wound in the leg proved more painful than
serious. In a couple of months he was again at his post as active
and efficient as ever in the discharge of his duty as aide-de-camp-Lieutenant
Cassidy, of the Eleventh regiment, was noted for his
gallantry; and in the ranks Sergeant Brothers, colorbearer of
the same regiment, deserves especial mention. He was sick in
hospital when the brigade left the trenches and hearing of the
probability of its engaging the enemy, applied for his discharge,
which the surgeon refused, on the ground that he was yet unfit
for duty. He deserted from the hospital, joined his regiment on
the march through Petersburg, and was shot down next day
while heroically doing his duty. He lost his leg and was placed
on the retired list. Many other noble men in the ranks perished
or survived that day whose deeds deserve mention; but it is
impossible to do justice to them all.

It was a heartrending sight to look along the line of the
brigade, as it mustered in the Vaughn road after the action, and
miss the familiar faces, without which it did not seem the same
command. It was now shrunk to the proportions of a small
battalion, yet so game and generous was the spirit of this body
of men that the writer believes this poor remnant could have
again been led into action that day with all the dash and gallantry
that marked their morning's work. And as the news of
the fiery ordeal, through which the brigade had passed, spread
through the hospitals and field infirmary, the sick and wounded,
who had not been present, sought their discharges, and pale and
weak voluntarily hastened to rejoin their comrades and share

their fate. In less than a week three hundred and thirty-nine
men (339) from the sick list returned to duty, one-half of whom
could not have stood a five-mile march. No wonder General
Hagood was sensitive to even a suspicion of recklessly wielding
a blade so highly tempered and uselessly hacking it against
impossibilities.

There were two men who fell upon this bloody field who had
done as much, each in his sphere, to give the character to the
brigade which it had exhibited as perhaps any other two men in
it—Moloney and Sellars. Captain Sellars had enlisted in the
First South Carolina Volunteers (Hagood's) in December, 1860,
and was made orderly sergeant of Captain Collier's company.
At the reorganization of the regiment, in April, 1862, he re-enlisted
in the same company, was elected its captain, and with it
joined the Twenty-fifth regiment, then being organized. He was
young, probably twenty-two, at the period of his untimely death
—of modest bearing, strict, yet just, as a disciplinarian, and
beloved by his men. In action he was cool, determined and
unflinching, and exhibited a capacity for higher command, which
he would assuredly have reached had a kinder fate spared his
valuable life. He always did his duty well; had more than once
distinguished himself; and had been recommended for promotion
to the vacant majority in his regiment. The place of such a man
could not well be filled.

Moloney—graduating with honor at a Northern college—
engaged for a year or two in mercantile pursuits at his home in
South Carolina. Then, having studied law and been admitted to
its practice, was in the West perfecting his arrangements for
establishing himself in Louisiana, when South Carolina seceded.
Returning, he joined the First South Carolina and was made its
adjutant. The foregoing Memoirs are the record of his services.
In every action narrated, he was engaged, and if his name is not
always mentioned, it is because the comment that must needs go
with it must become monotonous—he always did his duty well
and completely. His business habits, just mind, and accomplished
manner, made him invaluable in the office; and on the
field he had the quick intelligence and fertility of resource of the
born soldier. An incident on the 24th June illustrates his coolness.
He had been sent to carry an order, under very heavy fire,

and on his return, when some fifteen or twenty feet from the
officer who sent him, a shell from a Napoleon striking the earth
between them exploded at his feet, the fragments flying on. As
he emerged from the smoke which enveloped him, he quietly
announced, with a military salute, "Your order has been delivered."
Moloney was rather above the medium height, of slight
but active frame, and of an intellectual and refined countenance.
General Hagood was strongly attached to him, and in announcing
his death to his family wrote, ". . . Words are idle to express
the sympathy I feel for you in this great affliction. He was
almost a brother to me; and to the brigade his loss is irreparable.
With abilities far beyond his rank, he was assiduous and
thorough in the discharge of his duty; and that with a natural
urbanity which made him an universal favorite. One of the men,
when he learned his fate, seized my hand and leaning on my
horse's shoulder, wept uncontrollably. Wounded men, as they
were borne to the rear, with their bodies torn and their limbs
mangled, stopped their litter bearers to ask me after him, and
express their sorrow. Generous, courteous, brave and high-toned,
pure in thought and speech, ever mindful of the rights and
feelings of others, jealous of his own when he thought them
designedly infringed, he came up more fully to my idea of a
gentleman than any man I ever knew.

"Poor fellow! As we marched that morning from our wet and
comfortless bivouac, he told me that he had been dreaming all
night of his mother,—may God comfort her in her sorrow."

REST FOR THE WEARY.

After the action on the Weldon Road, the brigade continued for
some days to report to Major-General Mahone and was stationed
on the southern lines of Petersburg, where there was no fighting.
Hagood, had, however, on the 24th, in a communication to Colonel
Brent (General Beauregard's A. A. G.), called attention to
the worn and jaded condition of his men, and the fearful reduction
in their number; and asked to be permitted to take them to
some quiet camp where rest and access to water might recruit
their physical condition. His application was returned approved
by General Lee, and the neighborhood of the crossing of the
turnpike over Swift Creek indicated for his camp. Mr. Dunlop

very kindly offered his grounds to the brigade inspector sent to
select the spot, and on the 2nd September we moved to this
delightful camp.

Dunlop's park was near the scene of our affair at Swift Creek
on the 9th May. It had been the property of an old Scotch
gentleman who had accumulated a large fortune as a merchant in
Petersburg and had spent years in beautifying and adorning this
as his country seat. Swift Creek, a bold and handsome stream
with precipitous banks, pursued its course along two sides of the
park—now brawling in a rapid, now spreading into a deep, dark
pool. Within the grounds artificial lakelets and mounds imitated
nature. The native forest had been thinned and pruned into combinations
of glade and grove and single trees; straight avenues
opened upon pleasing vistas, and serpentine roads and walks
meandered; the grass was the freshest of green and as perfect a
carpet as any woven in the loom. Wherever a prospect opened,
or the shade was densest, or the murmer of the water fell gentlest
upon the ear, a summer house or a rustic seat invited repose; and
from various parts of the grounds the mansion was to be seen,
sometimes a glimpse, sometimes a view more or less full, but
always picturesque. It was a structure in the Italian villa style,
and stood upon a gentle eminence near the creek, with the grass
growing up to its walls and the gravelled carriage drive approaching
it in a graceful sweep.

There were perhaps not over forty acres in this beautiful park,
and it appeared much larger from the artistic skill with which
it was laid off; and up to this time it had escaped the ravages of
war, though a cannon ball through one of the gables of the house,
a straggler on the 9th May, attested the near proximity of contending
armies. The old gentleman, who had delighted to adorn
this retreat, had died within it while Butler's army had been on
the opposite side of Swift Creek, and his son reigned in his stead.
The present proprietor had been a courier for General Hagood at
that time, and was now on invalid leave.

Here at last the brigade was at rest. It is difficult to convey
an idea of the effect upon the spirits of the transfer from the heat
and the glare and the filth and the turmoil and danger of the
trenches, endured so long, to the shade and water, and peaceful
seclusion of these grounds. An Arab entering an oasis from the

burning sands of the desert might approximate its conception; a
Christian arrived "where the weary are at rest and the wicked
cease from troubling" would realize it. All military observances
were suspended for several days. A sergeant's guard was sufficient
for purposes of discipline and of restraining the men from
straggling, or injuring the trees and shrubbery—especially when
backed by a threat in general orders to send the first offender
"back to the trenches" to serve with Colquitt's brigade, till his
command returned to duty.

From dawn till dark Swift Creek was full of the men patiently
scrubbing from their persons the accummulated dust of march
and trench and battle, and its banks lined with others waging
vigorous war upon the grime and vermin that made their garments
almost uninhabitable; while the park was ornamented with
groups who had undergone the cleansing process, indulging in a
somnolent lethargy as profound as if inspired by hashish. Others
again stretched and rolled upon the smooth and velvety surface
of the grass with a kind of sensual delight.

Opportunity was now taken to refit, as far as practicable, the
brigade in clothing, shoes and ordnance appointments. Its commissariat
was carefully looked to; vegetable diet provided, and
proper cooking enforced. The men rapidly recovered their condition
and health. The field infirmary was almost emptied into
the camp, and the patients got well faster here than there. In a
short time the brigade began to show respectability in the number
for duty. Then drills were established; at stated hours the regimental
bands enlivened the air with music; sentinels and the
ceremonials of camp were resumed; vacant offices filled by promotion
or election, and in less than a month the brigade was itself
again—sorely reduced in numbers, but ready once more "to live
or die for Dixie."

About the 15th of September, the other brigades of Hoke's
division were relieved from the trenches and placed in reserve
on the Petersburg side of the Appomattox. And on the 26th,
General Lee reviewed the division, which was concentrated for
the purpose for that evening. This was the only review or other
military display witnessed by the writer during the campaign of
'64. It was made a gala occasion by the citizens of the beleaguered
town, large numbers attending. The ladies were out in full force,

and many were on horseback. General A. P. Hill rode on the
staff of the commanding general upon a very graceful and beautiful
silver grey; and horse and rider showed gallantly. General
Lee reviewed the troops rapidly and seemed bored by the ceremonial
and glad to be through with it. He was in full uniform,
with a quantity of yellow sash around his waist, and did not look
like himself. Even his horse looked as if he thought it was all
foolishness.

After the battle of Cold Harbor and while the opposing armies
still confronted each other there, the writer going to the rear in
discharge of some duty was attracted by a large, powerful, well-bred
horse, held by an orderly in front of the tent of a corps
commander. He was a grey, perfectly groomed, and his appointments,
though of the ordinary regulation character, had a neatness
about them unusual during a campaign. Just then General
Lee came out of the tent and slowly approaching the horse stood
thoughtfully by his side for a moment. He wore blue military
pants without suspenders and a short linen sack with no vest, a
soft felt hat, and buff gauntlets. He had no insignia of rank
about him, and carried neither sword, pistol or field glass.
Recovering from his momentary reverie, he stroked the horse
kindly upon the face, and with a glance at his accoutrements that
bespoke the horseman, mounted, adjusted the reins in his bridle
hand, settled himself in the saddle, and rode quietly away followed
by the orderly. This was his usual style. He always was
mounted on the same horse, and as he passed along his lines or
through his army, never with more than one attendant, and
sometimes with none, he looked more like some planter, with a
taste for horses riding around his fields, than like the conventional
military chieftain.

This absence of "fuss and feathers" in its commander gave the
cue to the whole Army of Northern Virginia. The ordinary summer
campaign dress of a general officer was a dark colored flannel
shirt, without a coat over it, blue pants, top boots and felt hat,
with a revolver buckled around his waist and a field glass swung
over his shoulder. There was not a body guard in the army; and
headquarter guards were small and for the protection of property,
not for ceremony and display. Among the regimental officers it
was difficult to get them to wear the swords which were their

badges of rank. This was, however, though contrary to regulations
and orders, a matter of judgment as well as taste with them.
They preferred to be encumbered simply with the revolver, and in
this they were right. The long range and repeating firearm had
made the sword for the infantry officer as antiquated as the
spontoon. It was not uncommon to see them in action directing
their men without any weapon at all; and in the charge upon the
enemy at the Crater, after the explosion of Grant's Petersburg
mine, a South Carolina colonel—Smith, of the Twenty-sixth—
was said to have led his men with a club seized for the occasion.
He was also said to have been successful with his club in a hand-to-hand
encounter with one of the Federal bayonets.

Our period of rest was now rapidly drawing to a close, and on
the night of the 28th of September the brigade was returned to
the trenches, relieving Gracie's brigade, which was stationed near
the Baxter road. The enemy discovered the transfer of troops
that was going on, and treated us to a most brilliant pyrotechnic
display. The mortar fire was the heaviest we had yet seen at
Petersburg, but the casualties were few.

THE RICHMOND LINES.

At 12 o'clock on the day after the brigade returned to the
trenches it was hastily withdrawn and dispatched to the north of
the James, Gracie's men resuming their old station.

On the 28th, Grant had captured Fort Harrison, a strong work
on the lines of Richmond near the north bank of the river. It
was feebly held by the local militia, and was easily carried by
assault. Pressing on, the enemy essayed Fort Gilmer, but this
was held by a company of regular artillery who had nerve
enough to withstand an assault, and his career was checked. The
position gained, however, seriously threatened Richmond. Fort
Harrison was an important tactical point, and some mile or two
of the "exterior line" to the north of it had been abandoned. The
divisions of Fields and Hoke were dispatched from Petersburg
to the threatened front.

Hagood followed the other brigades of his division and arrived
in the vicinity of Fort Harrison at 9 o'clock the next morning.
General Lee was on the ground, and it was evident an effort was

to be made to recover the lost work. Towards midday it was
made. Two separate storming columns of two brigades each
(probably 6,000 men in all) were sent forward from different
directions upon the fort, their assault having been preceded by a
half-hour's heavy fire from artillery. Each column had a brigade
front. They did not move in concert and were separately and
disastrously repulsed. The column from Hoke's division was
composed of the brigades of Clingman and Colquitt, and its
casualties were about 800. Fields lost not so many. The First
South Carolina regiment, now commanded by Colonel J. R.
Hagood, composed a part of the column of Fields, and greatly
distinguished itself, but lost many of its best officers and men.
Our brigade was not engaged.

The Confederate commander now gave his attention to cutting
off by a re-trenchment the angle of his lines held by the enemy.
This was soon done, the work progressing under heavy artillery
and picket fire, but the enemy not attempting to interrupt it by
assault. As soon as the work was completed, the troops before
Fort Harrison were relieved by militia, and General Lee again
took the offensive.

The enemy had occupied the abandoned portion of the "exterior
line" north of Fort Harrison, and his front was thus considerably
stretched out from the river, his right resting between the
Charles City and Darby Town roads. Gary's brigade of cavalry
and the divisions of Fields and Hoke were available. Gary
moving down the Charles City road was to turn and drive in
the enemy's right flank, a small brigade of infantry and a strong
force of field artillery re-enforcing him for the occasion. Fields,
coming down the Darby Town road, was to take up the fight at
that point, and, conjointly with Gary, press the enemy upon the
river. Hoke was to follow as a reserve.

At daylight, on the 7th of October, the action commenced, Gary
attacking with vigor. Fields took it up with success, and in a
short time the enemy were driven across the Darby Town road
for a mile towards Fort Harrison, doubling up along the line of
the "exterior" works occupied by them. Fields now, in pursuance
of the plan arranged, followed them up, his right resting
on the line of works and taking that as a directrix, Gary on his
left, all outside the line of works. At this time Hoke's division

was moved from its position in the Darby Town road, where it
had rested during the fight, and filing to the right followed in
column behind the right of the advancing Confederate line,
moving parallel to the exterior line and about 200 yards inside of
them. Our advance soon encountered an entrenched line
strongly manned and being rapidly re-enforced. This line ran
back at right angles to the line of captured works, and had probably
been constructed by the enemy to protect their flank, when it
only extended thus far. It was, it will be perceived, parallel to
Fields' line of advance. Two courses were now open to the Confederates.
First, to make a direct assault, or second, to bring
Hoke before this line, and, feeling to the left with Gary and
Fields' commands, turn it. Hoke's relative position was such
that he could have replaced Fields in thirty minutes. The first
plan was adopted, the direct attack was made and repulsed with
some loss. This terminated the day's proceedings. General
Gregg, of the Texas brigade, was killed, and General Bratton, of
South Carolina, was wounded in the last assault. Both were of
the division of Fields. Colonel Haskell, of Gary's brigade, was
severely wounded earlier in the day, after having exhibited a personal
gallantry that attracted much commendation. Nine pieces
of artillery, 150 horses and two or three hundred prisoners were
captured. The enemy's loss in killed and wounded are unknown.
Our casualties of all kinds were about 200. Though the reserve
was not engaged, its advance attracted artillery fire, and there
were eleven casualties from shells in Hagood's brigade. The full
measure of success contemplated was not realized, and at nightfall
the ground regained was once more abandoned. Why General
Lee did not put in his reserve is not known. The position in
which Hoke was held during the fight, it will be perceived, interposed
him between the enemy and Richmond, then open to a
coup de main. Possibly it was deemed important to maintain
him in it. More probably the chances of success were not deemed
sufficient to warrant the shattering of the whole disposable force
for the defence of this front of Richmond.

For most of the foregoing details of the place and conduct of
this action, the writer is indebted to a conversation with General
Gary, since the war. From his own position with the reserve he
saw very little of it. An impression prevailed to some extent

among Fields's subordinate officers that Hoke was derelict in not
joining in the final assault. In Colonel J. R. Hagood's Memoirs
of the First South Carolina Regiment, these impressions are
expressed. The writer never talked with Hoke on the subject,
for he gave no heed to the matter though he heard rumors of it
at the time. General Lee was, however, present with the reserve
during most of the day, and just before and during the last
assault he was with us. This settles the fact that the part borne
by Hoke was under the immediate direction of the commander-in-chief.

In the evening, General Lee withdrew from the field and took
up position behind Cornelius Creek; covering the New Market
and Darby Town roads. Three days afterwards (10th October),
he advanced his line without opposition some 400 yards and commenced
another re-trenchment, cutting off the portion of the
"exterior line," now finally abandoned. It ran from Fort Gilmer
northeasterly in nearly a straight line till it ran into the "exterior
line" near the Charles City road.

On the 13th, the enemy advanced, skirmished along the whole
line, and attacked on the Darby Town road. He was repelled
with a loss estimated at 1,200; ours inconsiderable.

Again, on the 27th, he advanced at daylight, skirmished along
our whole line as before, but this time also making partial
assaults. About noon he attacked heavily on the Charles City
road, and was repulsed with a loss of 2,000 men, of whom 500
were prisoners. In both these actions, our incomplete entrenchments
were defended by a single rank deployed at intervals of
three to six feet, and no reserves. The troops manning the lines
shifted along them as the movements of the enemy required, now
closing up to repel an assault, now deploying to fill a gap, and
sometimes leaving long stretches undefended except by field guns
in battery.

On both days, too, the enemy attacked our extreme right below
Petersburg, meeting with no success. In these affairs our brigade
suffered some twenty-five or thirty casualties.

The completion of the re-trenchment was now rapidly pushed.
The plan was small redans for field guns, 300 yards apart, with
straight curtains for infantry. The parapet of curtains had a
uniform base of 20 degrees; superior slope 12 degrees; height of

interior crest 7 degrees, with a banquette; and the ditch was
exterior. Where forests occurred, they were cut down for from
five or six hundred yards in front, and abattis and palisades were
built all along the main line some sixty yards in front. A picket
line was entrenched three hundred yards in front, with small
detached works V-shaped and 36 yards apart, The point of the
V was toward the enemy; its splay about 6 feet, length of face
10 feet, height of interior crest 6 feet with banquette—all above
ground. A chain of videttes was established 100 yards in front
of picket line; they were not entrenched. As winter advanced
fires were allowed on the picket line. They were built a little in
rear of it[34] and between the detached works.

During this period, the hostile videttes were in view of each
other at distances of from two to three hundred yards. There
was, however, no picket or artillery fire; and the progress of our
work was not interrupted except, as narrated, on the 13th and
27th of October.

An ingenious arrangement of the barbette platforms in the
redans was adopted by which the advantages of this style of platform
was retained and one of its disadvantages (exposure of
the gunners) avoided. A little ditch two and a half feet wide,
with recesses (C) for ammunition chests, was allowed around the
interior slope; in it the gunners stood, and from it mostly worked
the piece. The pieces were kept by a hurter from toppling
into the ditch, when run "into battery," and the platform was
extended back, as at D. E. to give a fire along the rear of the
curtain should a lodgment be effected. Pine pole revetments were
used both here and on the infantry curtains.

Winter quarters were also constructed. A continuous line of
comfortable pine pole cabins, with clay chimneys, for the rank
and file, ran behind the works, leaving a broad street or place of
arms between it and the entrenchments.

The regimental officers had their cabins, each in the relative
place of its occupant in line of battle, and the general officers had
their's further in rear.

The fine bracing weather and cheerful labor and strict military
observances, neglected through the more stirring parts of the

campaign, had a fine effect upon the health and spirits of the
men. To this end, the return of the sick and wounded to duty
and the easy success of the last two encounters contributed. The
morale of the troops was excellent.

In Hagood's brigade, Colonel Graham (wounded at Walthal
Junction) returning from invalided leave, resumed command of
the Twenty-first. Gantt, absent on sick-leave during our service
at Petersburg, was now in command of the Eleventh, Colonel
Gaillard had been invalided. Shortly after the 21st of August,
one of his field officers was in the hands of the enemy, and the
other had been absent on wounded leave since Drury's Bluff; so
the Twenty-seventh was in charge of one of its line officers, Captain
Simons. Colonel Rion was at the head of the Seventh, and
Captain Carson, wounded at Swift Creek, had returned to duty
and commanded the Twenty-fifth. Colonel Simonton was taken
sick shortly after joining his regiment at Cold Harbor, and, on
his recovery, had obtained a detachment for post service in North
Carolina. Pressly's and Glover's places had not been filled from
the fact that a captain, senior to Carson, was in the hands of the
enemy.

On the staff, Lieutenant Moffett had, in recognition of his valuable
services, been promoted brigade aid-de-camp in place of
Moloney; and Orderly Ryan, returning to duty from a wound,
received in the trenches at Petersburg, was elected to a vacant
lieutenancy in the Eleventh regiment. Captain Stoney was still
absent with his wound, and his duties were, since Moffett's promotion,
discharged by Lieutenant Mazyck in addition to his own
as ordnance officer. Mazyck had throughout the campaign discharged
his appropriate duties with great fidelity; and had
repeatedly served in action as aide when circumstances permitted
his absence from ordnance duties. He was a very gallant and
meritorious officer.

The weather continued delightful up to the 1st of November,
and the vicinity of Richmond and the comparative quiet in our
front permitted the limited enjoyment of the society of the capital
to the divisions north of the James. The officers of Hoke's
division received upon two occasions a large and distinguished
party of ladies. A farm house, not too near the lines, would be
obtained and cleared for dancing; the walls tastefully draped

with flags and garnished with arms; the Eutaw band, of
Hagood's brigade (the best at that time in the army), be detailed
for attendance, and ambulances dispatched for the guests. This
would be the contribution on the part of the military. At an
early hour, in the forenoon, the ladies would arrive, bringing
not only themselves but the edibles of the feast, and immediately
take charge of the festivities. A ride along the lines, when the
troops were at dress parade, would complete the day. The ladies
were not only of the old residents of Richmond, but were also
from other States of the South—of the families of the civil and
military officers of the government drawn thither by the war.
It was a charming circle; refined, intelligent and accomplished,
and the times had added to it the least dash in the world of the
freedom of the bivouac. They were admirable specimens of high
bred Southern women, as the war developed them. Devoted heart
and soul to the cause, they were ready at any time to cheer their
champions in battle with brave words, or tend the sick and
wounded with gentle ministrations. Anything that wore the grey
was ennobled in their eyes, and its welfare the subject of their
prayers. They carried the refinement and delicacy of the lady
into the self-imposed duties of the sick-nurse, regardless whether
it was general officer or the humblest soldier who was the recipient
of their kindness; and enduring their own privations bravely—
banishment from home, the loss of fortune, the death of kindred
—they were the first to brighten in the intervals of good forune,
and the last to despair under the pressure of adversity.

During November the weather was good and bad by turns—
rain, snow, and fair alternated; but the roads remained entirely
practicable for military purposes. The war, however, flagged
around Richmond. The armies of Lee and Grant having
thoroughly tested each other's strength in the many desperate
combats of the campaign, stood warily watching each other, until
events transpiring elsewhere should bring new conditions into
the next collision between them. The fate of Richmond was in
fact being decided on other fields. This campaign had shown
clearly that it was impregnable to direct attack. There was but
little hope in renewed assault. Siege operations promised but
little more, because of the distance of the defenses from the body
of the plan. With such facility for retrenchment, the task would

be endless. But the place had never been invested; and in its
condition, with regard to supplies, an investment would certainly
determine its fall.

Accordingly, after the failure of the Petersburg mine, there
was no further evidence of regular approaches by the enemy; but
all his efforts seemed to be given to effecting a practical investment.
His success on the Weldon road was in that direction, but
there he was stopped. The movements and operations, narrated
north of the James, were secondary to attempts made at the same
time to extend his left around our right below Petersburg. They
were demonstrations to cover determined efforts against the
western roads into Richmond. Lee had firmly thrust him back,
and now on investment the relative proportion of Lee's and
Grant's armies remaining the same, was as clearly a futile hope
as assault or siege approaches.

It was at a greater distance from Richmond that its sources of
supply must be cut. While Grant held Lee at bay, co-operative
columns, if at all, must do the work.

The Valley Army, under General Early, after a varied experience
of invasion and retreat, victory and disaster, had accomplished
its main purpose of keeping the co-operative column
of the enemy operating from that direction off of these same
western roads. It was, however, badly shattered in discipline and
efficiency, and now a part of it was drawn to the lines before
Richmond, while its adversary was largely transferred to the
ranks of Grant. The seasons precluded further decisive effort
upon the scene of their summer operations.

In the southwestern portion of the military horizon, however,
a cloud was gathering ominous of the fate of Richmond, and of
the Confederacy. Hood had been dispatched into Tennessee, and
by carrying the war into Africa was to recall Hannibal from
Italy, but instead Hannibal had marched for Rome. While Hood
was going northward to meet at a disadvantage forces equal to
his own, Sherman cutting loose from his base at Atlanta had
marched unopposed upon the vitals of the Confederacy. The
terrible results which were to follow this ill-advised strategy of
Mr. Davis had not, however, yet developed themselves, and on
the lines before Richmond to Lee's army, erect and defiant, there

appeared no reason why the war should not last another four
years.

On the 9th December, it turned very cold and the ground
remained frozen hard all day; in the afternoon it commenced
sleeting, and at 9 o'clock at night, while the storm was still in
progress, we received orders to be ready to move at daylight, in
light marching order. Accordingly, on the 10th, the divisions of
Fields and Hoke, under Longstreet, marched upon a reconnaisance
around the enemy's right flank. We moved around it
for nearly four miles with a strong line of flankers, between
whom and the enemy there was some skirmishing. It was very
cold and the roads abominable with frozen slush. The men, notwithstanding,
stood it well, and at night we returned to our
quarters. Longstreet was probably eleven thousand strong,
including artillery and some cavalry. The object of the reconnaisance
did not transpire.

The weather continued bad, and on the 20th at dark we were
again ordered to prepare to move in heavy marching order and
with three days' rations. At 3:30 a. m., on the 21st, the brigade
started for Richmond. Kirkland's brigade had preceded it, the
other brigades of the division followed. The roads were very
muddy, and it was raining and freezing as it fell. We reached
Richmond at 7 o'clock, crossed the river, and at 11 a. m. took the
cars for Danville.

Profound secrecy as to our destination had been observed, even
brigade commanders had no intimation of it, but when the order
of preparation had been extended on the 20th, the impression in
the command became general that we were destined for the South
to meet Sherman, and every man from the sick list that could
move returned to duty, many utterly unfit to march or even
travel. The troops were saturated with the freezing rain on the
march to Richmond, and they were loaded on freight cars without
seats or fires—the men so crowded as to preclude individual
motion. The rain began to be accompanied by a high wind, and
lying motionless in their wet garments, the men were whistled
along on the train the balance of the day and all night. At daylight
we arrived at Danville. The suffering was intense. One
poor fellow, of the Seventh battalion, was found dead from the
exposure, and a dozen others had to be borne from the cars to

the wayside hospital. General Hagood had obtained in Richmond
a half-barrel of apple brandy for the brigade and caused
it to be here issued to the men. It gave the poor fellows about one
good drink apiece, and helped to thaw their half-frozen frames.
This was the second spirit ration that had been issued to the
brigade in Virginia. We had, however, during our whole connection
with Lee's army, a regular ration of genuine coffee, a luxury
that we had been strangers to for two years previous. We were
detained some hours in Danville for want of transportation, and
it was late in the day, the 22nd, before the brigade began to go
forward over the Piedmont road. The distance to Greensboro
was but forty-eight miles, and it was not until the morning of the
26th that the whole brigade was transported over it, three and a
half days to go 48 miles by rail! The road and its rolling stock
were evidently in bad condition, but the delays were so frivolous,
and the accidents so numerous that General Hagood suspected
treachery and finally got on by seizing engines and taking the
trains in his own charge. It is hard to say whether there was
design or only criminal mismanagement in the delay.

The Confederate Congress had adjourned a day or two before,
and at Danville a party of congressmen, consisting of Senators
Orr, of South Carolina, Johnson, of Georgia, a senator from
Mississippi and another (Leach, of North Carolina,) presented
to General Hagood an order from the Secretary at War addressed
to any officer using a railroad for troops to give these gentlemen
transportation homeward. They were welcomed to the "headquarters
car," and for three days enjoyed its comforts. It was
an ordinary freight boxcar, and in it was carried the staff horses,
the baggage of the staff, the staff themselves, and their guests.
From their conversation, it was evident that they were not
entitled to the thanks voted by the Roman Senate to the Consul
returning from Cannae, that he "had not despaired of the
Republic under difficult circumstances." They were, in fact,
utterly demoralized. This was the first time the writer had ever
heard any one embarked in the cause, civilian or soldier, express
doubts of its ultimate success; and prophetic, perhaps patent as
they were, they now made but little impression upon him, for he
had long looked upon the Confederate congress for the most part
in the light of the post quartermaster and commissary officers,

bomb-proofs, in which prudent men evaded the hardships and
dangers of the war. He believes now, when the history of this
great struggle is fairly written, that the record of our congress
will be that they were utterly wanting in the discharge of the
high duties of their position. They had neither the courage to
control Mr. Davis in his course nor the patriotism and magnanimity
when they differed with him to cordially support him in
his devoted exertions.

On the evening of the 26th, the larger portion of the brigade
reached Wilmington and took steamer for the neighborhood of
Fort Fisher at the mouth of the river.

A day or two before we left Richmond, a fleet of war vessels,
with transports, bearing a detachment of Grant's army, under
Butler, had sailed from Hampton Roads in Virginia to attempt
the reduction of this fort which controlled the entrance into the
Port of Wilmington. It had made its effort a feeble one, and
failed before our brigade arrived. Kirkland's brigade had got
up in time to be of some service in the repulse. On the 31st
December, we were ordered back to Wilmington to lie in reserve,
and the whole division was there concentrated.

Here ended the campaign of 1864. The field return of the day
showed of the brigade:

PRESENT FOR DUTY.

         

Officers	93
Rifles	1,298
		1,391
All others present		201
			1,592

ABSENT.

                                   

Wounded and sick, officers	31
Wounded and sick, rifles	668
		699
Missing, officers	23
Missing, rifles	554
		577
Without leave, officers	15
Without leave, rifles	514
		529
With leave, officers	4
With leave, rifles	75
		79
Detached, officers	6
Detached, rifles	122
		128
In arrest, rifles		4
		2,016
Aggregate, present and absent			3,608

Aggregate in beginning of campaign, 4,246.

The battle casualties had been up to and including the 21st of August:

                     

Killed, officers	19
Killed, rifles	250
		269
Wounded, officers	74
Wounded, rifles	1,067
		1,141
Missing, officers	28
Missing, rifles	649
		677
Casualties in later affairs		35
			2,122

In examining these tables it must be borne in mind that among
those classed as "missing" were many who filled unknown graves
upon the numerous fields of the campaign just closed, and in the
table of battle casualties, the "killed" are only those who died
upon the field; among the "wounded" in this table are included
as well as those who recovered in hospital.

Among those classed as "without leave," were many who were
only technically so, sick or wounded in hospital or at home; the
papers of extension had not been received at brigade headquarters
when their invalid leaves had expired. Still, the number "without
leave" was unduly large and was ominous of that change in
popular sentiment which now began to connive at a dereliction
of duty which in the earlier years of the war was deemed by
that same sentiment as little less shameful than desertion. There
is another class also which shows too strong—the "detached."
Of course among these were individuals who may have been best
serving the country where they were. Still, detachment was so
convenient a cloak for skulking, that among the faithful soldiers
in the ranks it was considered not much more creditable than
absence without leave.

The summer work in Virginia had been to the mere soldier an
interesting and desirable experience, and the brigade had much
of which to be proud. It had borne its share in the most desperate
campaign of the war, and had won reputation where the
standard of soldierly qualities was high.

But how stood the Cause which had summoned these men from
the pursuits of civil life; for these years had claimed and received
their devoted effort—was it approaching success or tottering to
extinction?

Events culminated so rapidly in '65, that upon looking back
to this period it is difficult to realize that but little of gloomy
anticipation clouded the close of '64 in the minds of those with
whom the writer was associated. Conscious of discharging their
duty, and with unwavering belief in the righteousness of their
cause, they looked with unreasoning certainty of faith to final
success. Thus, confident of ultimate triumph in the independence
of their country, whatever might become of themselves, and from
the position of the brigade at Wilmington certain that winter
would bring no intermission in its service in the field, they
regarded the situation more in its personal than in its general
aspects. Looking forward to the stern duties before them, each
hoped that he would continue to do "all that may become a man";
and reverting to the stirring events of the past; recalling the
maddening excitement of the charge, the sullen anger of defeat—
the thrilling triumph of victory, there came no feeling of gloom
or sadness, save in the recollection of the gallant dead. Moloney,
Dargan, Glover, Hopkins, Sellars, Nelson and others, comrades
loved and true, who had marched with us on that bright spring
day from the lines of Charleston, no longer filled our ranks.
Whatever fate the future might have in store for us, for them
the battle had been fought:

CAMPAIGN OF 1865 IN NORTH CAROLINA

FORT FISHER.

This work, situated at the mouth of Cape Fear river, was the
key to the defenses of the Port of Wilmington. There were other
works auxiliary to it on both sides of the river, but they were
secondary in their nature; and with the enemy in possession of
Fort Fisher, backed by his large naval force, Wilmington was
no longer a port of either entry or departure for the Confederates.

The Cape Fear, flowing southeasterly, enters the sea at a very
acute angle, leaving between itself and the sea but a narrow strip
of land for several miles before its debouchment; and this slip
finally narrows to a point. The main channel turns around this
point on entering the sea and leads northward for two or three
miles up the ocean front of this peninsular before an outgoing
vessel can depart from, or one incoming can approach the coast.
The usual bar lying off the mouth of our river-made Southern
harbors is the cause.

About a mile from the extremity of the peninsular, where it
was quite narrow, was placed Fort Fisher, looking seaward and
with its back on the river. Its trace was in general terms a redan,
with one long face and one short face, meeting at a right angle.
The long face conformed to the ocean front; and a detached work,
Battery Buchanan, continued the defensive arrangements southward
toward the point of the peninsular. The short face ran
back to the river, and looked northward with a view to land
attack. The line of interior crest of Fort Fisher was over a
thousand yards—Pollard says 1,780 yards. The sally port on the
northern or land face was upon the river bank, and was strangely
weak. As remembered by the writer, it was a simple palisade and
gate with no ditch in its front, and something like a causeway
along the river bank leading up to it. The work elsewhere had a
deep and wide ditch, except just on the seabeach. Along the land
face and extending to the beach were palisades. Its parapet and
traverses, which were numerous, were of extraordinary strength.

It had the greatest profile, and was altogether perhaps the most
elaborate work built by the Confederates on the coast. On the
northern front, upon which only a land attack was probable, the
fort had an armament of nineteen guns. The balance of its armament
was for naval encounter, and of the best the Confederate
arsenals could furnish. The defects of the work were its sally
port and the want of sufficient flanking arrangements for sweeping
the ditch with fire.

The garrison of heavy artillerists showed well in drill and
dress; had lived high and fought little during the war; and had
not been benefited by the contact with blockade running speculations
which their position and duties had brought about.

The Federal expedition in December against this work had
been under command of General B. F. Butler and Admiral
Porter. Grant had intended, it appears, another leader, General
Weitzel, for the land forces, but as the troops for the expedition
were drawn from Butler's "army of the James," and Wilmington
was also in the limits of his department, this enterprising warrior
had managed to foist himself into it when by virtue of his commission
he assumed command. The effort to take the fort was
embodied in a heavy bombardment of two days (intermitting at
night) by the navy, when Admiral Porter pronounced the work
reduced and desired the land forces previously debarked to go in
and take possession. Butler declined, and for once was probably
right, notwithstanding the ridicule that has since been heaped
upon him in this connection. The bombardment had been heavy
but diffuse, and the defensive strength of the work was substantially
intact. There had been but seven guns rendered unserviceable
in the whole fort, two by navy fire and five by their own
imperfections. Had the garrison made but the most commonplace
defense, the assault would have been a bloody failure. Butler's
Federal critics, however, claimed that there would have been little
or no resistance by the garrison of nine hundred men holding the
work, that they were demoralized by the bombardment and cowering
in the bomb-proofs. Certain it is that his skirmishers had
been pushed to within 150 yards of the ditch, not only without
drawing the fire of the fort, but without developing to view a
defender on the walls. Indeed, one individual had even gone into
the ditch and brought off a garrison flag which had fallen from

the rampart, without being molested or apparently observed. Be
it as it may, as to the morale of the garrison, Butler's refusal to
assail terminated the expedition. The force composing it retired
to Beaufort Harbor in North Carolina, where the land troops
were debarked and appeared to await orders.

On the 4th January, General Hagood went upon a twenty-day
leave to his home in South Carolina, leaving his brigade under
command of Colonel Graham, encamped with the division upon
the plank road some three miles east of Wilmington. On his
return, on the 25th January, he found his brigade detached from
the division and at Fort Anderson, fifteen miles below the town,
on the right bank of the Cape Fear. During this time Grant had
relieved Butler and sent General Terry to command the land
troops of the expeditionary force at Beaufort, giving him the
addition of a brigade of infantry and a siege train. This raised
the force to about 8,000 men. An immediate renewal of the
attempt against Fort Fisher was ordered.

On the 12th of January, a Mr. McMillan, near Topsail Sound,
was said to have discovered the approach of the flotilla and
sought to communicate the fact to General Bragg by telegraph.
The operator was not in condition to send the dispatch. It had,
therefore, to be forwarded by courier. In two hours after it was
received General Hoke with his division was on the march to
confront the enemy upon his landing. On the next day, the 13th,
the enemy landed upon the narrow spit between the head of
Masonboro Sound and the sea, near Battery Gatlin, nine miles
above Fort Fisher. This he was enabled to do under cover of his
fleet, which could here lie very close in shore; an assault upon his
first position was difficult. Hoke deemed it very injudicious to
attack and contented himself with taking up a line parallel to
the beach under cover of the sand hills and scrub forest, with a
view to giving battle upon any attempt of the enemy to advance.
A regiment of cavalry prolonged his right flank, and watched
the space thence to the beach at a point intermediate between the
landing and Fort Fisher. During the night the enemy passed
between or around the cavalry, without their observing it, and
when day broke Hoke discovered them on his right flank securely
entrenched from the ocean beach to the river and facing Wilmington.
He took position in the lines previously prepared from

Sugar Loaf to the head of Masonboro Sound. Bragg now
ordered Hoke to assail the enemy's newly entrenched line. Hoke
reconnoitered it in person and, deeming it unadvisable, requested
Bragg himself to examine the present condition of affairs on his
front. This General Bragg proceeded to do, and the result was
to countermand the order of assault and the determination to
re-enforce the fort, accepting practically the condition that it
must stand or fall upon its own resources.

Accordingly, in the afternoon of the same day (the 14th),
Colonel Graham was directed to move to Gander Hall landing on
the river with four regiments of Hagood's brigade and to proceed
that night by steamer to Battery Buchanan, whence they were to
be thrown into Fort Fisher. Graham marched with the Eleventh,
Twenty-first and Twenty-fifth regiments, and the Seventh battalion.
The Twenty-seventh regiment remaining, reported temporarily
with Kirkland's brigade. He made a report to General
Hagood upon the resumption of command by the latter, from
which the following is extracted: "Shortly after arriving at
Gander Hall, I received a dispatch from Colonel Anderson
(Bragg's A. A. G.), directing me to embark my men on the
`Sampson' and `Harlee' steamers, which had not as yet arrived at
Gander Hall. At 7 p. m. I received another dispatch from
Colonel Anderson, that the `Sampson' would be at Gander Hall
at 7:30, and that I must use her as a lighter to load and unload
the `Harlee,' as the latter drew too much water to approach either
Gander Hall or Battery Buchanan. The `Sampson' got to Gander
Hall an hour later (8:30 p. m.) and was immediately loaded with
troops, but got aground and did not get off till 9:30 p. m. She
proceeded to the `Harlee' with the Twenty-fifth regiment.
Another steamer, the `Pettiway,' now arrived, was loaded, got
aground, and remained so. Upon the return of the `Sampson,' I
transferred part of the troops from the `Pettiway' to her, and
both boats proceeded to the `Harlee'; found the `Harlee' aground;
tried to pull her off with the other two boats, and failed. I then
had the troops on the `Harlee' transferred to the `Pettiway,' and
ordered her and the `Sampson' to proceed at once to Battery
Buchanan. The `Sampson' left at once with the Twenty-first
regiment; but the captain of the `Pettiway' said he had not wood
enough to take her there. I directed him to take wood from the

`Harlee,' and by the time he got it aboard the `Pettiway' was also
aground, and I was informed by her captain that she would not
float again before eight o'clock next morning. . . . At 2:30
a. m., the `Sampson' returned from Battery Buchanan, having
landed the Twenty-first regiment,[35] and I again dispatched her to
the same point with the Twenty-fifth regiment under Captain
Carson. . . ."

Having reported the facts by telegraph, Graham was directed
to get the remainder of his men to Battery Buchanan as soon
next day as the tide would float his transports, and land if the
enemy's fire would permit, if not, to wait till night. He made
the effort, was driven off, and crossed to Smithville as the nearest
point from which to start at nightfall. Having notified General
Bragg of his arrival at Smithville, he was directed to retain his
command at that point.

This closed the effort to re-enforce Fort Fisher, but the garrison,
with the addition of Hagood's two regiments, about 2,300
strong, was abundantly large for defense, and further transfer
of troops was only necessary when those already there would need
relief from arduous service. The facilities which the locality
gave for this were probably about the same as those had for
communication with Morris Island during the siege of Charleston.

Carson had landed at Battery Buchanan about sunrise on the
15th with the Twenty-fifth regiment and had to throw his men
into Fisher under a heavy naval fire.

The bombardment which had commenced in the afternoon of
the 13th, after the landing had been effected, was continuously
kept up—heavily by day, and slower at night. It was somewhat
heavier than the first bombardment. Admiral Porter, before the
committee of the Federal Congress on the conduct of the war,
seems to say, as well as his loose and bombastic statements can
be reconciled (Fort Fisher Expedition, pp. 100 and 191), that in
the first bombardment the navy expended 45,000 rounds of
ammunition, and in the second 50,000 rounds. The naval fire
(there were no batteries established on land) was directed chiefly
upon the land face, and Brigadier-General Comstock of Grant's
staff, who accompanied the expedition, speaking from personal
inspection, said before the same committee that at the close of

the bombardment, "so far as the earthwork was concerned, it was
just as efficient as before a shot was fired." And in reference to
the armament, the same officer stated that six guns and three
mortars remained serviceable on the land face while "very few
on the sea face were injured." These results will astonish no one
who has had experience of the resisting power of earthworks and
the difficulty of dismantling embrasured and traversed guns by
long range shell fire. The power of artillery upon earthwork of
proper slopes is little more than to deface it; and when the lines
and angles of its profile are gone, and its guns disabled as they
may be by concentrated fire at close range, well sustained
musketry can and should hold it against assault. Whenever
properly constructed and with a profile approaching permanent
work, such a fort if taken, save by regular approaches, the fault
is prima facie and almost certainly with the garrison or commander.
Such has been the teaching of experience since the days
of Vauban, and the lessons of this war confirm it. The bombproof
is a protection complete for the bulk of the garrison against
the preliminary bombardment; a sufficient number can find
shelter on the lines behind parapet and traverse to act as sentries
and guard against sudden assault; and with an entrenched picket
line two hundred yards in front (each pair of men in a detached
circular pit no larger than will contain them), to keep the enemy
from massing for assault too close to the work and to give warning
of an advance, an assault can never succeed while the garrison
retain heart of grace. When by regular approaches the besieger
can mass in safety for assault, in point of time nearer to the crest
of the parapet than on the besieged in the bomb-proofs, then the
conditions are changed.

Admiral Porter, whose dispatches are in the "furioso" vein,
asserted that he had "reduced the fort to a pulp and every gun
was so injured or covered with dirt that they would not work."
This is on a par with his assertion that had the 400 marines
whom he sent to cover a "boarding party" of sailors in the subsequent
assault, by deploying in front of the sea face and opening
fire, `performed their duty,' every one of the rebels would have
been killed."[36]

At 3 p. m., on the 15th, the assault was given. The garrison,
cowering in their bomb-proofs from the naval fire, had permitted
the enemy to approach the work very nearly. A force of sailors
and marines, 2,000 strong, were massed close upon the sea face,
and three brigades of infantry had obtained similar position on
the land face. Upon the signal given the fleet changed its fire
to other parts of the work, and the storming columns advanced.
The garrison hastily and imperfectly manned the parapet. The
first advance of the infantry was feeble, and apparently they
recoiled. The sailors rushed on boldly and were bloodily and completely
repulsed in fifteen minutes from first to last—they taking
no further part in the fighting. Here the old Confederate shout
of victory was being lustily given by the two regiments of
Hagood's brigade[37] and other troops manning the sea face, when
a fire in their rear called their attention to the land face. The
enemy were in the fort. A detachment of the infantry column of
assault rushing upon the sally port at which four uninjured field
pieces remained for defense, the portion of the garrison at that
point commanded by one Captain Brady, of a North Carolina
regiment, cravenly surrendered without firing gun or musket.[38]
The enemy poured in, and thenceforward on the part of the Confederates
the fight was against overpowering odds with the
advantage of their defensive works gone. The majority of the
garrison did their duty well, and undoubtedly made as stubborn
a defence as was possible under the circumstances. It was, however,
more a vindication of personal pluck and character than an
organized resistance. The enemy slowly won his way from gun
chamber to gun chamber, the fleet firing ahead of them, and at
10 o'clock at night, after seven hours of fighting, re-enforcements
brought from the lines facing Wilmington completed the work
in the capture of the fort and garrison.[39]

The enemy's loss in killed and wounded exceeded a thousand;
the Confederate was some 400.

The advance of the assailing columns was witnessed from
Sugar Loaf on the Confederate lines. No serious demonstration
was at any time during the assault made in aid of the fort.

Such, probably, is a correct account of the fall of Fort Fisher.
It is made up from such information as could be obtained after
the event from the Confederates on the spot, from a study of the
elaborate publications of the Federals on the subject, and from
information derived since the close of the war from members of
the Twenty-first and Twenty-fifth regiments engaged.

The defence is a page in the history of the war that redounds
but little to our credit. Without the fort, there was inefficiency
and indecision, and as a result a strong supporting force did
nothing from first to last commensurate with its strength. Within
the work, at the most critical point and time, there was a
dastardly exhibition of cowardice, and there seemed to be but
little of the careful provision of command. The absence of a
picket line, in pits, upon the land front, the almost open gateway,
the insufficiency in the number of men kept out of the bombproofs
and on the lines, look like absolute military fatuity. Crimination
and recrimination was rife among the Confederates after
the disaster, but it is useless to perpetuate it here. Poor Whiting
laid down his life in atonement of any errors he may have committed
in the defence, and it is certain that in the hour of trial
he personally bore himself with knightly valor. And as for
Bragg, disaster had already so linked itself with his fortunes,
that when a few months before Mr. Davis had assigned him to
the command of this department, a Richmond paper had given
expression to the feeling of both army and people in the curt
paragraph,—"Bragg has been sent to Wilmington, good-bye
Wilmington."

Hagood's brigade suffered a loss of thirty-one officers and four
hundred and forty-four enlisted men in the fort, being all of the
Twenty-first and Twenty-fifth regiments then present for duty
with the brigade, and a few individuals from the Eleventh regiment.
But three of its officers were wounded slightly, and none
killed. It is believed that the casualties among the enlisted men
were in proportion equally few.

THE SITUATION.

With the fall of Fort Fisher, a change occurred in the conditions
of military affairs in this quarter that materially affected
the relations and objects of all the different armies of the Confederacy,
now in depleted numbers concentrating upon the small
area and upon which the issue was destined to be decided.

Wilmington, in a military point of view, had had value in
Confederate eyes, first as a seaport, and second as a point of railroad
connection. In its first relation, it had lately become of
immense consequence, being the best and almost the only point
of contact left to us with the outer world. With the fall of
Fisher it was hermetically sealed as a seaport, and its only value
remaining was as a railroad connection on the seaboard route
from Richmond to the south and west. Below Petersburg a
portion of this route was already in possession of the enemy, the
result of Grant's last summer operations on the Weldon road, and
a detour had to be made towards the mountains to pass this point.
The portion remaining to us was threatened by the troops below
Wilmington and by a force at New Berne. It required a small
army to guard it, and its possession by the enemy at points sufficient
to deprive us of its use was a foregone conclusion, whenever
he chose to move against it with a sufficient force. Richmond had
another communication with the south by rail, running westward
to Danville, and thence by Charlotte, Columbia and Branchville
to Augusta, Georgia. Sherman's march through Georgia had cut
the railroad communications westward of Augusta, and they had
now to be repaired. This route from Richmond to South Carolina
lay mostly close under the mountains, and it ran through
the heart of the Confederacy. By transferring to it the rolling
stock of the seaboard route and taking up so much of the rails as
was practicable for repairs on the interior route, the communications
of Richmond would not have been impaired in efficiency
and would then have been established solely behind our center
instead of partly on an exposed flank. Bragg's troops would have
been released for action, and their number was not inconsiderable.
He had probably at this time 16,000 troops of all arms in his
department.

About 10,000 men (infantry and artillery), the fragments of
Hood's army after his disastrous Tennessee campaign, were being

directed upon Augusta, Georgia. About 10,000 men, a large portion
of them unaccustomed to the field but veterans of four years'
siege service, thoroughly disciplined, well equipped and of high
morale were lying in and around Charleston.

Butler's and Wheeler's cavalry, under General Hampton,
amounted to 8,000 men, and there were perhaps 6,000 more men
in North and South Carolina (militia and reserves) available for
post duty.

This gave an aggregate of 50,000 men, of whom from 40,000 to
45,000 could have been massed to meet Sherman, who was now
lying at Savannah with probably 70,000 men, preparing for an
advance to a junction with Grant at Petersburg.

Charleston was in the same category as Wilmington in a military
point of view. Its value was solely as a seaport remaining
partially open though its use was greatly restricted by the fall
of Morris Island. To abandon its walls, rendered so illustrious
by its heroic defence, would have been a severe blow to the morale
of the Confederacy, and even the limited value of its port was
now of great importance to us. It should, therefore, have been
retained if possible. To arrest the march of Sherman was, however,
now the pressing necessity, before which every other consideration
sunk into insignificance.

Had, therefore, upon the fall of Fort Fisher, Wilmington been
immediately evacuated and all the troops available in South
Carolina, North Carolina and Georgia been concentrated in South
Carolina upon the line of the Combahee and Salkahatchie to
Barnwell Village and thence to the Savannah river, the position
would have covered Charleston and the railroad connection from
Branchville to Augusta. It was a strong one, and the key line to the
possession of South Carolina. Had it been forced by the enemy,
then abandoning Charleston and returning before him, here
a resistance could have been made that would have deflected him
from important points, limited his devastation in South Carolina,
harassed and weakened his force, and finally the Confederates
touching a depot at Fayetteville, in North Carolina, could have
given decisive battle in front of the Cape Fear as Sherman
emerged from the semi-desert country between Camden and that
river, and before he had refitted his troops and received the munitions
which he had been unable to transport on his march from
the steamers that met him at Fayetteville.

Embracing in the view a larger field of strategy, the Confederates
should have been re-enforced for this decisive fight from
Lee's army, even at the cost of abandoning Richmond. Had the
fortune of war here pronounced in our favor, Sherman's defeat
so far from his natural base, the sea, could have been converted
into a rout; and with his army disposed of, the failing fortunes
of the Confederacy would have revived. It is true that Grant
would have been on the heels of Lee, and with his command of
the sea and rivers, and our wornout railroad transportation, it is
doubtful which in point of time would have had the shortest line.
But in such decisive strategy, as that indicated, now lay our only
hope of escaping the fate which was fast encircling us. If the
columns of the enemy converging to a junction could not be
beaten in detail, there could be but one result in the coming
campaign.

The necessity of concentration and the abandonment of all
secondary points was patent, and among subordinates freely discussed
at the time, but the paralysis of approaching death seemed
to be upon the direction of our affairs.

Bragg, with the independent command of North Carolina,
remained in Wilmington, as will be subsequently narrated, until
he was pushed out, frittering away his strength in skirmishes,
and letting the dry rot of desertion unchecked by vigorous action
gnaw into his army until in a few weeks he had no troops left
but Hoke's division and a regiment of cavalry. Hardee, commanding
in South Carolina, lay supinely on the coast, not even
reorganizing and refitting his troops for service (but popularly
supposed to be giving his attention to ignoble cotton speculations),
until Sherman moved, and then retired before him with
all the haste and disorder of a flight. With such haste and want
of judgment was the withdrawal from Charleston effected that
the troops (men on their first march during the war) were
hurried twenty-nine miles the first night and they unpursued.
Leaving the coast with upward of 10,000 men, it was said that
Hardee reached North Carolina with but 4,000, and not even a
combat on the way. Straggling and desertion had done the work.

The cavalry of Hampton offered a skirmishing resistance to
Sherman's march, and was almost all the opposition he met with
in South Carolina. Consolidation of command of the troops, that

should have been opposing this march, at length was made by
the appointing of Joe Johnston, after Columbia had fallen and
when concentration for defence must necessarily take place
beyond the Cape Fear. In the meanwhile the available Confederate
force had without a battle dwindled to 30,000 men, and the
already overwhelming Federal strength had received another
increment. The army which under Thomas in Tennessee had
confronted Hood had now been largely transferred to North
Carolina, and was marching to a junction with Sherman in two
columns moving respectively from Wilmington and New Berne.

Beauregard was announced by General Johnston on the 16th
March as second in command.

The aspect of civil affairs at this time had much of painful
interest. The increasing estrangement between Mr. Davis and
the Congress, the enlistment of slaves, the refusal of the Trans-Mississippi
Army to cross the river for service in the east, were
all occasional subjects of discussion in camp. The Hampton
Roads Conference had been held and its results officially
announced from Richmond to be that there was no peace for us
save in unconditional submission to the will of the conqueror.
These matters were all talked of, but not much dwelt upon. Our
information upon them was not full and we were not sure always
that it was correct. Besides, four years of service in subordinate
military grade is apt to give one the habit of confining his
attention to the matters before him. But one unmistakable
evidence of our rapidly failing fortunes was constantly forcing
itself upon commanders of troops in February and March, 1865,
and that was the intercepted appeals from friends at home to the
soldiers to desert. Absentees, both officers and men, away upon
any pretext, were also with difficulty gotten back. During February
the brigadier commanding had five officers dropped for
absence without leave from Hagood's brigade. And later two
colonels of regiments sent to South Carolina to get up absentees,
failing to return in due time, the brigadier himself was dispatched
by the major-general commanding the division on the
same errand. The people had lost heart and their influence was
reacting badly upon the soldier wearied by long and lately disastrous
service.

The narrative returns to the brigade and events at Wilmington.

LINES BELOW WILMINGTON.

Battery Buchanan, on the extremity of Federal Point, was
captured with its garrison of artillerists the night Fort Fisher
fell. Hoke continued to hold the entrenched lines above, running
from Sugar Loaf, a promontory on the Cape Fear river to the
head of Masonboro Sound. On the right bank of the river, in the
next few days, Fort Caswell and the other defences were abandoned
as high up as Fort Anderson near Orton Point, and the
Confederates withdrew to the previously entrenched lines at this
place. Fort Anderson was opposite Sugar Loaf, and the lines
ran from this work to Orton Pond which stretches out in a southwesterly
direction seven miles from the river in an air line, and
nine or ten as the road ran. On the left bank of the river the
Sugar Loaf lines were enfiladed or taken in reverse at will by
the enemy's fleet outside, the concealment of the forest alone rendering
them tenable, and they were liable to be turned by a landing
from the sea behind them. On the right bank the line was
short and strong enough against a direct attack. It could be
turned by the head of Orton Pond.

The river channel ran close under Fort Anderson and was not
in all over six or eight hundred yards wide, though the whole
river was at this point three miles in width. The fort, however,
had only nine (9) guns, all 32 drs., two of which were rifled but
not banded. These with their carriages were old and worn, and
bore across and down the river. No gun could be brought to bear
up the river, and consequently if any portion of the fleet should
have passed the fort we would have had no fire upon it, while it
would have taken nearly every gun in reverse. Torpedoes in the
river completed the defensive arrangements. There were obstructions
in the river eight or nine miles above Fort Anderson, and
there was no communication between the Sugar Loaf and Fort
Anderson lines, except through Wilmington, fifteen miles above.
They were thus practically thirty miles apart, while, with his
abundant steam transportation in the river, to the enemy they
were not wider apart than five miles march.

OPERATIONS ON THE FORT ANDERSON LINES.

Up to the 11th February, operations had been confined on the
left bank to skirmishing and occasional shelling from the sea,

and on the right bank there had been occasional engagements at
long range between Fort Anderson and a monitor and a gunboat
from the fleet. The fort used generally a 12 dr. Whitworth taken
from a field battery. Against the monitor it was of little use,
but against the gunboat it was effective.

The Confederate fighting strength of all arms was about 4,000
men on the left bank, and 2,300 on the right bank. Of these
there was one regiment of cavalry, Colonel Lipscomb's Second
South Carolina; the infantry was Hoke's division, and part of
the heavy artillerists of the recently abandoned forts converted
into infantry. The remaining part of these garrisons manned
the heavy guns remaining in position, and there were three or
four very good light batteries.

The enemy, on the 11th February, had a fleet in the river of
1 monitor, 15 gunboats, 1 flagship, 1 armed blockade runner, 16
transports and 5 tugs. The armament of these vessels appeared
to be 11- and 15-inch shell guns and Parrotts. Outside, the fleet
was also large. At Smithville our scouts reported 500 infantry,
and at Battery Lamb some two or three hundred. On the other
side their force was probably 9,500 land troops (of which a few
cavalry), with ability to throw on shore two thousand sailors and
marines. Of the enemy's land troops two thousand or twenty-five
hundred had recently arrived.

The enemy were reported massing a large force at New Berne
to strike at the road from Wilmington towards Petersburg. The
telegraph reported that Sherman had the South Carolina railroad
from Branchville to Williston, and, while moving on Columbia,
was demonstrating at once upon Charleston and Augusta.

Bragg had gone to Richmond temporarily and left Hoke in
command of the department of North Carolina.

Brigadier-General Hagood, having, on his return from South
Carolina, relieved Brigadier-General Hèbart, commanded in person
on the Fort Anderson lines. His force was his own brigade,
about 925 enlisted for duty, and the fragments of the garrisons,
before alluded to, converted into infantry, and brigaded under
Colonel Hedrick, Fortieth North Carolina. These numbered 805
enlisted for duty. In addition, there was Moseley's and Bradham's
light batteries, together 132 enlisted for duty, and 152
enlisted mounted men of the Second South Carolina cavalry.

The total enlisted under his command was, therefore, something
over 2,000, and his force, including officers, about 2,300.

On the 15th of February, the enemy made a reconnaisance in
force from Smithville as far as White Spring Branch, where the
road from Smithville to Wilmington forks, one going straight on
up the river by Fort Anderson, the other turning westward and
leading around Orton Pond. This party was met and skirmished
with by Hagood's mounted force, and retired at night-fall without
pressing vigorously.

On the 16th February, the enemy passed over from Battery
Buchanan to Smithville five large transports with troops, and at
dark a considerable force were still visible at the wharf at
Buchanan, apparently waiting transportation. Subsequent events
showed that these troops were the Twenty-third Army Corps,
General Scofield commanding,[40] recently arrived before Wilmington
from Tennessee. It was accompanied by field artillery, a
small force (probably two hundred) of cavalry, and a brigade
(Abbott's) of Terry's command. General Hagood had on the
15th asked for, and on the 18th received, some fifty additional
mounted men. Colonel Lipscomb was at the same time sent over
to take command of this arm. This re-enforcement raised the
Confederate force to 2,350 men, with which to confront fully
20,000.

General Hagood now massed all his mounted forces upon right
flank at the head of Orton Pond, keeping but twenty to act as a
patrol in his front, and endeavoring to remedy the want of
mounted men here by doubling his infantry picket and pushing
them further out, say a mile and a quarter.

On the 17th, the enemy advanced in force from Smithville and
halted for the night in front of Hagood's infantry picket. The
mounted patrol and the infantry picket skirmished with them,
and the monitor with seven (7) gunboats engaged the fort at long
range. The monitor engaged at 1,000 yards, and the gunboats
out of range of our 32 drs. Firing commenced at 1:30 p. m. and
continued till sunset; 170 shell were thrown into the fort; one
man was wounded, and no damage done to the work. Forty-seven
(47) shot were thrown by the fort at the monitor, of which

several struck, doing no apparent damage. The Whitworth 12
dr. threw a few shot at the gunboats, when its ammunition
became exhausted, and it was sent back at night to the Lower
Town Creek bridge to await a supply of ammunition telegraphed
for to Wilmington. But thirty rounds could be obtained, and
these arrived too late for any subsequent operations on the Fort
Anderson lines.

Colonel Simonton, Twenty-fifth regiment, was placed in immediate
command of Hagood's brigade for all purposes of military
movement. This officer had a few days before been returned to
the brigade, having been detached since June, 1864, and Colonel
Graham, the senior colonel, was on recruiting service in South
Carolina.

On the 8th of February, a communication from General Bragg
had directed that "except in an extreme case, involving the safety
of the command, the present position should not be abandoned."
The chief danger apparently apprehended by the department
commander, as exhibited in this communication, was the passage
by the fort of the fleet, and he went on to say, "A point for communication
across the river has been selected from the mouth of
Town Creek on the west to the old State Salt Works landing on
the east. By this route re-enforcements can be sent to and from
both detachments of the command until the fort is passed. Thus
any land attack can be met."

It is well to remark in passing that this route of communication
was never established.

On Saturday morning, the 18th of February, the monitor took
position within 800 yards of the fort, and the fleet of wooden
gunboats anchored just beyond the ascertained range of our
smooth bore 32 drs., the rifled 32 drs. could not be brought to bear
upon the position of the wooden fleet. At 6:30 a. m., the bombardment
commenced, and continued till 6 p. m. Twenty-seven
hundred and twenty-three shell were thrown at the fort, nearly
all of which struck the work or exploded within it. The fort
fired fifty-three shot and shell, twenty of which were fired from
the rifled guns at the monitor. Of these, seven struck without
doing apparent damage. The smooth bores were fired at intervals,
more in defiance than in the hope of injuring the enemy. The
land forces of the Federals pressing our advanced skirmish line

after daylight, the right was driven back, the left continuing to
hold its position. General Hagood, about 9 a. m., directed this
whole line to fall back upon a second line which he had
entrenched in rifle pits some 250 yards in front of his entrenchments;
and sent the Second cavalry, hitherto acting as a patrol
on their front, to re-enforce the right flank at the head of Orton
Pond. The enemy now advanced, taking position in the skirt of
woods some 600 yards in our front, and sharpshooting commenced
and continued during the day. The two light batteries of Moseley
and Bradham shelled the woods in our front during the same
time. The enemy developed no field pieces.

Colonel Lipscomb reported today with the re-enforcement of
fifty mounted men, before alluded to, and was sent with them to
the right and directed to take command. Entrenching tools
(some 20) had on the previous evening been sent the officer then
in command, and he had been instructed to strengthen his position
by such available means as were practicable. These mounted
troops were simply mounted infantry; their arms were the short
range cavalry carbine intermixed with Enfields.

Shortly after Colonel Lipscomb arrived at his post, the enemy,
who had previously appeared on his front, advanced. Sharp
skirmishing ensued, and by nightfall he was pressed back a mile
or more. Lieutenant Jones, of Bradham's battery, was sent to his
assistance and with one howitzer. Lipscomb's position was now
directly across from Orton Pond to Allen Creek, covering the
road leading into Fort Anderson and Wilmington road, and about
four (4) miles from this last, the force in his front being thus
on the right rear of the Fort Anderson position, and at that distance
from its sole line of communication.

The casualties in the fort, which was held by Hedrick's men,
from the bombardment were slight; one officer (Lieutenant Vans,
Fortieth North Carolina,) being killed and six men wounded.
And in this connection it is worthy of mention that not a man of
the garrison took shelter in the bomb-proof, confirming the previous
observation of experience that traverses and parapets are
sufficient protection, when the garrison is not too numerous,
against anything but the heaviest mortar fire. The damage to the
earthwork was considerable. The wooden revetment had gradually
given way; the epaulement was much torn up; in fact, in

one place breached nearly to the level of the gun platform; and
the traverses knocked out of shape. No gun, however, was dismounted,
nor its working injured beyond repair during the night.

The casualties in the infantry today did not exceed half a
dozen.

After 6 p. m. the fire of the fleet on the fort averaged one in
five minutes, until 11 p. m., when it was reduced to a shot every
half hour till 2 p. m. For the rest of the night it was increased
to a shot every ten minutes. Working parties were kept diligently
employed all night repairing damages, and an obstruction
was made to the sally port of the fort on the river side in view of
an infantry assault up the beach.

About 10 p. m., written dispatches from Colonel Lipscomb and
the report of Captain Barnes, Fortieth North Carolina, acting as
scout, together with the examination of prisoners and deserters,
satisfying General Hagood that the force on his right and rear
was large and of the three arms, and that Lipscomb's force was
entirely too few to check it, he became satisfied that an evacuation
was necessary to save his command. As he was, however, in telegraphic
communication with his division commander, General
Hoke, and the facts as learned had been laid before him, General
Hagood awaited orders and continued diligently preparing to
fight the position next day.

About 1 a. m., on the 19th, after sending over a staff officer to
confer with General Hagood, General Hoke invited the expression
of General Hagood's opinion upon the propriety of withdrawing
from the Fort Anderson lines. It was given by telegraph as follows:

"1. The enemy are on my right and rear, in point of time less
than three (3) hours' march. Their force is certainly, from data
heretofore sent you, one-half to two-thirds of my whole strength.[41]
It will take me three-quarters of an hour to hear of their advance,
which reduces the time to two and a quarter hours. It is impossible
for me to strengthen the small force opposed to them. You
know its strength.

"2. I have a very much larger force than my own 600 yards in

my front, in full view by daylight, and with the fleet to
co-operate. Therefore, when the force on my right rear moves,
I must abandon this position, or sacrifice my command.

"3. I have two defiles in my rear (the bridges and causeways
just behind me) to move through, and two and a quarter hours in
which to extend the order, execute it, and confront the enemy on
my right rear. Even at night there is a possibility of having to
do this pursued by the force in my front. In the daytime it is
certain, and then I can use but one bridge, on account of the fire
of the fleet. Could I re-enforce my right sufficiently to hold the
turning force in check, the case presented would be different."

To this General Hoke replied: "Dispatch received. . . .
What do you think best?" General Hagood replied: "I think
this place ought to be evacuated and the movement commenced in
half an hour." This last dispatch was sent at 2:05 a. m., and at
2:48 a. m. the reply was received from General Hoke ordering the
evacuation and the taking up of a line behind Town Creek.

The movement was immediately commenced. The quartermaster
and commissary train had in the beginning of the fight
been placed behind Allen Creek. It was ordered to Lower Town
Creek bridge. The field batteries, ordnance wagons and ambulances
were sent across Orton causeway, and there the infantry
commenced to withdraw. When the infantry began to move, a
dispatch was sent Lipscomb directing him to fall back quietly
towards Anderson till he reached the road leading from Anderson
to Wilmington via Upper Town Creek bridge, and then taking
that road act as a flanking column to the main column which
would move on the road to the Lower bridge. As soon as the
infantry and heavy artillerists had crossed the Orton canal,
orders were sent the infantry pickets in the pits ahead of the
entrenchments to withdraw. It was in the early dawn when this
last move was commenced, and almost simultaneously with it the
enemy advanced with a heavy skirmish line at double quick,
followed closely by a line of battle. The picket retired at a run,
and fifty or sixty were captured. The enemy most probably had
prepared for an assault at daybreak, and their advance was in
pursuance of this preparation. The sluices of Orton Pond were
cut, and the bridges of the canal burned. This checked pursuit,
and the fleet kept back till the torpedoes opposite the fort could

be raised. Our march to Town Creek was undisturbed. The
force in front of Lipscomb coming down between Orton Pond
and Allen Creek struck the lower road upon which the main
column had retreated an hour after the rear had passed. It
proved to have been a larger force than Lipscomb thought. It
was probably two divisions of the Twenty-third Corps, while the
other division had been in our front. (See pencilled note 469.)

No effort was made to blow up the magazine of the fort or to
destroy its armament, because of the shortness of the time till
daylight after the order of evacuation was received; and because
General Hoke had requested by telegraph that the magazine
should not be exploded before 6:30 a. m., which was later than
General Hagood designed to hold the fort.

ENGAGEMENT AT TOWN CREEK.

Town Creek enters the Cape Fear river from the west about
six miles above Fort Anderson and on the same side of the river.
The upper and lower bridges had each been previously slightly
fortified by General Hagood, his only communication with Wilmington
being over them, and were held by bridge guards, the
upper by eighty infantry and the lower bridge by twenty. The
Whitworth sent back from Anderson had been directed to stop
at the lower bridge, and had there received a small supply of
ammunition. The creek was forty or fifty yards wide, and was
navigable for craft of four feet draft as far as the upper bridge;
at its mouth, however, was a hard sand bar only one foot under
water at low tide. The two bridges were the only regular crossings,
and at both the high ground was on the southern bank.
From three-quarters of a mile above the lower bridge to the river
were rice fields; above that point were rice fields at intervals, but
not on both sides at once. The swamp was generally half a mile
wide, but there were frequent bluffs where the highland
approached the stream first on one side and then on the other.
Between the lower bridge and the mouth there were bluffs on
the north side with open rice fields and the usual dams to the
highland opposite. The channel of the Cape Fear lay between
Big Island and the east bank; but there were boat landings at
Cowan's and above. It was between nine and ten miles between
the bridges by the road we were obliged to use—about six (6)

miles from the upper bridge to the cross roads at Marks' Branch,
about seven (7) miles to the lower bridge to same points, and four
(4) miles from these cross roads to the pontoon bridge over
Brunswick river. Mallory Creek was between Marks' Cross
Roads and the lower bridge, and two and a quarter miles from
the last. Cowan's landing by the road was about the same distance
from the lower bridge.

At 9:45 a. m., on the 19th, the main column crossed the lower
bridge and went into position—Taylor's regiment, of Hedrick's
brigade, in the entrenchments with three (3) pieces of artillery—
Gantt's Eleventh South Carolina (under Captain Westcoat),
picketing Cowan's—and the balance of Hagood's brigade, under
Simonton and Hedrick's own regiment, the Fortieth North Carolina,
with the balance of the artillery in reserve near the church.
A patrol of twenty men were kept to the front down the Fort
Anderson road. Lipscomb arrived soon after at the upper bridge
and reported himself in position with the balance of the cavalry,
eight infantry and one howitzer.

General Hagood reported by telegraph his arrival to General
Hoke and asked for orders. He received the following reply:
"Future operations will depend on circumstances. Will telegraph
you in the morning."

The enemy appeared in front of lower bridge, at 3:30 p. m.,
and slight skirmishing ensued. At 5:35 p. m., Hagood telegraphed
Hoke: "Thirteen (13) gunboats in the river above Big
Island, and small boats ahead sounding. . . . Town Creek is a
line can be held whenever occupied. I have examined several
miles of it today. From my observation it can be crossed almost
anywhere that sufficient troops are not stationed. Let me know
your views and intentions." In reply the same evening General
Hagood received the following: "Hold Town Creek till you hear
from me." On the next day, the 20th, General Hoke telegraphed,
"You must move your command as you think best; at same time
recollect the importance of your communication with Wilmington.
. . . I leave the matter to your judgment." And again
and finally, on same day, "Dispute their advance at every available
point." Shortly afterwards an officer from the staff of
General Bragg, who had returned from Richmond and resumed
command, was sent to General Hagood to impress upon him the

necessity of delaying the enemy's advance. He stated that a large
number of Federal prisoners, some ten thousand, had been sent
to Wilmington, for delivery in exchange under a convention
entered into between Generals Grant and Lee—that the Federal
commander had been notified of it under a flag about the time
he had commenced his advance; that he had declined to receive
them, alleging some reason—not now remembered—that he was
probably pressing forward in the hope of obtaining possession of
them by recapture; and that time was essential to get these prisoners
off, out of reach, as well as valuable commissary and quartermaster
stores—all of which were being transported slowly
with our imperfect railroad facilities.

These were the orders and instructions under which General
Hagood acted.

When the enemy's skirmishers began to press on the evening
of the 19th, Lieutenant Jeffords with his mounted patrol were
brought in; and the lower bridge thoroughly destroyed. Jeffords'
command was then used until late next day to patrol the north
bank of the stream towards Lipscomb, meeting with Lipscomb's
patrol on that bank. Colonel Lipscomb was also directed to
scout to his front and left on the enemy's flank and rear, and for
that purpose to keep his bridge intact until compelled by the
enemy in large force to destroy it.

At daylight, on the 20th, the enemy were in large force in front
of lower bridge; he got a battery of Parrotts into position and
pushed forward skirmishers. The fire of artillery and rifles was
at this point brisk throughout the day. He seemed also to be
feeling right and left for a crossing. No demonstration was made
on Lipscomb.

About 11:30 a. m., the Twenty-first South Carolina was sent to
relieve the Eleventh South Carolina at Cowan's. Shortly after
it started a dispatch was received from Captain Westcoat, commanding
Eleventh, that the enemy were landing at Cowan's.
Major Wilds, commanding Twenty-first, was immediately
directed by courier to retain the Eleventh and engage the enemy.
At 12:40 p. m., he reported the enemy in force and driving him.
Colonel Simonton, commanding Hagood's brigade, was directed
to take the Twenty-fifth and Twenty-seventh regiments with him
and, assuming command, take position at the first fork of the road

coming from Cowan's and hold it. At 2:10 p. m., he reported from
a point on the south road short of this fork, "The enemy are in
my front and appear to be extending on the north road. From
my position I cannot guard both roads. No demonstration since
Major Wilds reported." General Hagood had previously ordered
two pieces of artillery to Colonel Simonton. He immediately
went in person and found Colonel Simonton skirmishing sharply
with the enemy, his reserves and two pieces of artillery on
south road (at point marked X—see Map at p. 476), and his
skirmish line not reaching the north road. The enemy were
endeavoring to overlap him on both flanks. A reconnaisance
satisfied General Hagood that the enemy had landed in sufficient
force on this flank to render the position on Town Creek insecure,[42]
and with the crossing on the bar at the mouth of the creek
now in his possession and the point covered by the guns of his
fleet, it was evident he could fling across the bulk of his forces
whenever he pleased. Considering the overwhelming number
opposed to him, General Hagood determined at once to withdraw
from Town Creek. His small force, however, from the necessity
of his position, had been scattered over twelve (12) miles, with
the line of retreat behind the left flank, the one that had been
turned. It was necessary, therefore, that resistance should be
obstinately made by Colonel Simonton in order to give time to
concentrate.

The colonel was accordingly directed to extend his line of
skirmishers to the left (so as to cover both roads), to put a reserve
behind each flank (one on each road), to keep one piece of artillery
with each reserve (on the south road), and to fall back
making an obstinate skirmish fight, until his reserves reached the
telegraph road: then to close his reserves together at the point
marked Y, where General Hagood promised himself to place the
other piece and to retire down the road (YZ)—making that his
direction.

Having made these dispositions and given these directions,
General Hagood returned rapidly to his headquarters at the
Church, and dispatched Colonel Lipscomb immediately to withdraw
with his whole force to Marks' Cross Roads; called in Lieutenant
Jeffords with his mounted men and sent him to Colonel

Simonton to keep up the connection between his two reserves;
sent Lieutenant Moffett, A. A. G., to the point G to bring word
when Simonton should be driven to within 200 yards of the Telegraph
road; ordered the trains which had previously been stationed
at Marks Cross Roads into Wilmington and sent with
them his sick and wounded and two of his field pieces that had
been disabled; and placed the Seventh South Carolina and the
Fortieth North Carolina, under command of Lieutenant-Colonel
Rion of the Seventh, in line of battle on the Wilmington road
(at the points K to Z). Two men were sent to burn the bridges
at McElhaney's mill and cut the sluices to prevent the enemy's
use of the telegraph road to intercept the retreat to Wilmington.
Mr. Young, signal operator, with George Addison, courier at
brigade headquarters, was sent on this duty.

Colonel Lipscomb was absent from his command examining
the creek above his position when the courier reached the upper
bridge, and the officer next in command most improperly delayed
to execute the order till Colonel Lipscomb could be found—thus
losing two hours in his movement.

Judging from the firing that Simonton was hard pressed, General
Hagood gave the order to Colonel Hedrick, commanding at
the lower bridge, to commence withdrawing at 3 p. m. He was
instructed to leave a strong rear guard in the work till he was
fairly off. Lieutenant Moffett arrived before the order was fully
executed and reported Simonton near the telegraph road. When
Hedrick's column was within half a mile approaching Colonel
Rion's lines (of the point Z), Captain Stoney was dispatched
with a courier accompanying him at speed (down the road Z Y)
to order Simonton to fall back rapidly, and to guide him. Stoney
found on the left (of the road Z Y) a body of skirmishers very
slightly engaged, and Simonton on the right (of this road and
in the telegraph road) with one piece of artillery and in a line of
battle (extending to the left and backward towards the skirmishers—thus
making his line oblique to the road Z Y and
thrown forward towards the enemy on his right). The enemy
were advanced with a heavy line of battle, and Simonton firing
rapidly upon them both with his artillery and rifles. Captain
Stoney delivered his order, and Simonton ordered his piece limbered
up and his line of battle to move to the left towards the

skirmishers (and the road Z Y), but the enemy pressing him
again, he revoked the order and sent Stoney to say he was too
heavily engaged to withdraw. Captain Stoney was immediately
returned to Colonel Simonton at the full speed of his horse to tell
him "he must come; to throw away his artillery and make a run
for it; that a line of battle was formed in his rear to protect him."

Stoney arrived in time to see the overwhelming lines of the
enemy sweep over Simonton—the artillery firing till the enemy
got within a few feet of it, and the infantry standing by the gun
and resisting till overpowered hand to hand. He did not get to
Simonton, and, his own horse being shot, he became involved in the
mèleè. The body of skirmishers, before alluded to, coming out
and straggling from the right and informing Hagood of the state
of affairs, he now took position behind Mallory creek, keeping
out a strong skirmish line (across the road between K and Z)
and the squad of cavalry under Jeffords patrolling towards the
Church direct straggling in.

This position he held till after dark, when stragglers ceasing
to come in and Colonel Lipscomb reporting with his mounted
men, his infantry and artillery being in march on the Georgetown
road approaching Marks's Cross Roads, General Hagood ordered
a retreat. One-half of Lipscomb's mounted men formed a rear
guard at the distance of a mile, and the other half was sent forward
to hold the position of McElhaney's mill. The infantry and
artillery were passed over the pontoon bridge across Brunswick
river, and by steam ferry over the Cape Fear by 12 o'clock at
night; and the former marched to report to Hoke who upon the
left bank had fallen back to near Wilmington. The cavalry, after
burning the pontoons and the railroad bridge over Brunswick
river and leaving the picket on Eagle Island, crossed into Wilmington
about daylight on the 21st.

In this engagement the loss was two pieces disabled and
brought off, two pieces captured by the enemy, and 461 men and
officers killed, wounded, and missing—all of whom were from
four regiments of Hagood's brigade. Colonel Simonton carried
into action six hundred men and officers. His fault was in allowing
his greatly inferior force to become engaged in a line of battle
behind obstructions rapidly thrown up, when the occasion required
him, and he had been directed, to make an obstinate skirmish

fight.[43] Again, when ordered to withdraw, instead of facing the
rear and withdrawing directly from the approaching enemy at a
double quick, if necessary, he endeavored to make a flank march
along the enemy's front, with, it is presumed, a view to getting a
road down which to retire in column. The country was an open
pine forest. His troops behaved with their accustomed gallantry,
and to their obstinate defense of the flank, which had been turned,
was due the safety of the whole command that day. The thing
would have been completed had they themselves not been sacrificed
in the discharge of the duty. Colonel Simonton, however,
was inexperienced in the command of troops in the field and his
errors certainly leaned to virtue's side.

Of the missing, mentioned above, Colonel Simonton subsequently
reported 330 men and officers, including wounded captured
by the enemy. Twenty killed upon the field is a very large
estimate, and this would leave over a hundred men and officers,
who, coming out of the rout and not finding the brigade that
night, straggled off to South Carolina, and were no more, with
very few exceptions, heard of in the war. Captain Stoney himself,
included among the missing above reported, with fifty-two
men and officers came out of the rout and did not find the brigade
that night. These men, misinformed on reaching the Lumberton
railroad of affairs in Wilmington, took the cars to Lumberton
to rejoin the brigade via Fayetteville (this, however, they never
did). Captain Stoney separated from them and rejoined his
command at Rockfish creek some days later.

In all these operations Hagood's command fell back for four
days before a force of ten to his one, taking this time to go a
distance of eighteen miles and crossing two rivers. Everything
that was movable was brought off, and the loss in battle was
inconsiderable, when the circumstances of fighting to delay so
superior a force is regarded, and especially the powerful aid the
enemy derived from his navy. Without this he could not with
such facility have turned the Town Creek position. The propriety
of making the obstinate stand at Town Creek at all rests
with the direction of affairs. It delayed the evacuation of Wilmington
but little and was a hazardous venture. Had the junction
been made at Wilmington on the night of the 19th, the

enemy would have got into position on the 20th near the pontoon
bridge, and would at most have shelled the town with field artillery.
The nearest point of the town to the Brunswick shore being
two and a quarter miles, this would have been a mere bagatelle.
Did humanity forbid exposing non-combatants to this, we would
have had to evacuate the town only one day sooner. As it was, a
large number of prisoners could not be got off by railroad, and
were marched ahead of us to a point on the railroad beyond the
Northeast river where they were placed on the cars next day for
further transportation.

EVACUATION OF WILMINGTON.

General Hagood, on reporting at Bragg's headquarters on the
arrival of his column in Wilmington, was directed to send his
infantry on to Hoke, while he should remain in the town and
take the command. He was also instructed, with Lipscomb's
cavalry, to watch the crossings of the Cape Fear as high up as
Hilton Ferry. Two light batteries and a few infantry under
Colonel Jackson, the post commander, were also left with him
for provost duty.

In the afternoon the enemy's advanced parties drove our picket
off of Eagle Island and appeared at P. K. depot, opposite the foot
of Market street. General Hagood ordered a force of dismounted
cavalry with a howitzer across the ferry, and soon drove the
enemy back, re-establishing the picket.

During the day the Federal prisoners before alluded to were
marched across the Northeast river; and the able-bodied male
slaves, and the horses of citizens fit for military purposes were
seized by direction of General Bragg and sent in the same direction.
Arrangements were made for burning the naval stores and
cotton stored in the town, as also shipping in the river, some half
a dozen vessels. Arrangements were also made for distributing
to the retiring troops as they marched through the town such
portable quartermaster stores as shoes, etc., which could not be
got off by rail. At night, guards were stationed with rigid orders
to put down all pillage that might be attempted by the most
summary measures. At daylight, on the 22nd, Hoke had marched
into and through the town. The cotton, naval stores and vessels
were in flames, and as the rear guard left in the early dawn a

mass of black smoke had settled like a pall over the silent town;
in its extent and density suggestive of the day of doom.

The army marched up the railroad toward Petersburg to its
crossing of the Northeast river, some eight or nine miles from
Wilmington, crossed on a pontoon bridge, and encamped. The
enemy's advance guard came on thus far and slight skirmishing
ensued. On the 23rd, the army moved on to Rockfish creek
unpursued, where it remained till the 5th March. It rained, more
or less, during all this time, and the roads got into bad condition.
The exchange of Federal prisoners heretofore declined took place
during this time, we delivering at Northeast river and receiving
on the Richmond front.

OPERATIONS NEAR KINSTON.

A reference to the general map of North Carolina is necessary
to an understanding of the subsequent movements and events of
the war in this quarter.

Sherman was approaching from South Carolina, with Goldsboro
for his objective; and had directed co-operative columns to
move from Wilmington and New Berne to a junction with him
at or near this railroad center. With Goldsboro in his possession
and the roads back to the coast at Wilmington and New Berne,
he could refit his army and with his united force of nearly one
hundred thousand men[44] in hand be ready to co-operate with
Grant as soon as the advancing spring released the armies in
Virginia.

Fayetteville was an important Confederate arsenal and depot,
from which there was steamboat navigation to Wilmington. And
the Neuse river was also navigable for river steamers up and
above Kinston.

On the 5th of March, Hoke's division began to move by railroad
for Kinston, General Hagood bringing up the rear. He
left with his last regiment on the 7th, and reached Kinston at
7 a. m., on the 8th. Lipscomb's cavalry was left to watch the
enemy at Northeast river, which they had shown no disposition
to cross; the light batteries and their infantry support of some

150 men, which were on the Cape Fear river at White Hall, while
we lay at Rockfish creek, were ordered to report to General Joe
Johnston at Fayetteville; and the artillery and train of the
division moved by highway. On arriving at Kinston it was
found that the column of the enemy which was to move from New
Berne, in accordance with Sherman's plans, was before the place.
Scofield had transferred from Wilmington enough men to New
Berne to make, with the troops already there, some 20,000 men[45]
and with himself in command.[46] He had left with Terry something
over 10,000 men to move at the proper time from that point.

Major-General D. H. Hill, with some 2,500 effective arms-bearing
men of Hood's Army of Tennessee and a brigade of
junior reserves, had come by rail from the direction of Raleigh,
and with Hoke's division constituted our force (between 7,000
and 8,000), which was confronting the enemy at Southwest creek
two miles from the town. The regiment, heretofore spoken of as
"Hedrick's brigade," had, by order of General Bragg issued at
Rockfish, been assigned to Hagood's brigade, and this command
was now organized as follows:

1. Rion's command, consisting of his own (Seventh) battalion
and the remnants of the other four South Carolina regiments,
making a regiment of twelve companies about 500 strong.

2. Hedrick's (Fortieth North Carolina) regiment, consisting
of six companies (the other four captured at Fort Fisher), about
375 strong.

3. Taylor's command, consisting of one company, being fragments
of the Thirty-sixth North Carolina, captured at Fort
Fisher, and three (3) companies of the First North Carolina
battalion of heavy artillery converted into infantry. This battalion
was about 275 strong.

When General Hagood arrived with Rion's regiment at Kinston,
he was ordered forward to report to General Hill, by whom
he was placed in reserve. Taylor's battalion and Hedrick's
regiment, that had preceded him, were reporting the one to
Brigadier-General Baker, of Hill's command, and the other to
Clingman's brigade, of Hoke's division.

The Neuse river runs at this point nearly due east; and Southwest
creek, coming from a southwesterly direction, empties into
it two miles below Kinston. Kinston is on the north bank.
About a mile from the mouth of the creek is a mill, with its pond
backing water for some distance; and between the mill and the
river the creek is not fordable though narrow and without swamp
of any consequence. General Hagood was placed by the staff
officer who conducted him at the fork of the Dover and Neuse
road, and riding forward in person found General Hill's troops
extending from the mill to the river behind slight entrenchments
on the banks of the creek, skirmishing going on, and the enemy's
line apparently parallel to our's and overlapping us on our right.
General Hill informed him that Hoke's division had moved that
morning by the upper Trent road around the head of the mill
pond to strike the enemy's left flank; and that he was waiting
Hoke's attack to himself advance.

About 11:30 a. m., General Hoke's guns were heard; and at
12 m., Hill ordered up his reserve to take the place of some
junior reserves, who had become rather shaky under a moderately
sharp skirmish to which they had been exposed; and
advanced, driving the enemy easily in his front for a short distance,
when he received a dispatch from Bragg, commander-in-chief,
that Hoke had met with considerable success and that Hill
should move down the Neuse road to intercept the enemy at its
intersection with the British road, down which he was retreating.

Hill moved immediately with Rion's regiment at the head of
his column and arriving at West's house halted to await the
retreating enemy. He picketed the British road and scouted a
mile or so towards the enemy without meeting even a straggler.
At 4:30 p. m., Hill received another dispatch from Bragg to
march on the British road towards the enemy and attack him in
the rear, but not to do so and return, if it was too late to accomplish
anything before dark. Hoke's fire still continuing without
advancing from the position which he apparently held when Hill
first moved, and then being but one hour and a half before dark,
with the enemy between three and a half and four miles from
him, Hill decided to withdraw, and returned behind Southwest
creek.

Hoke's success was a thousand prisoners captured and five
hundred killed and wounded of the enemy who fell into his hands.
He struck the enemy unentrenched on their flank and rolled them
up with but little loss to himself, until the disarangement of his
own advance caused by the tangled underbrush of the forest compelled
him to halt to arrange his lines. By the time he was
ready again, and had found the enemy in the new position they
had taken, night arrested further action.

At the close of the day, the enemy occupied a position oblique
to his first and in the general direction of the lower Trent road—
his right not reaching the Neuse road. Hoke took position in
front of the mill pond on the British road, his left short of the
railroad. Our general line at nightfall was, therefore, en
echellon, Hoke being in advance of the creek, and the second
echellon on the banks of the creek—Hill's position of the morning.
That night the second echellon was occupied by reserves,
and Hill's forces were sent across the creek and went into line
with Hoke. Hagood's brigade was got together again.

On the next day, the 9th, at daylight, Hoke marched with three
brigades back across the mill, and moved by the Neuse road
around the enemy's right with a view to attack; but, finding the
enemy strongly entrenched, returned without making an attack.
Hagood's brigade reported to Hill today and occupied his left.
It was engaged in heavy skirmishing all day.

On the 10th, reserves held the bank of the creek as before; Hill
held the position of the advanced echellon, and Hoke moved with
his whole division (Hagood's brigade returning to him) at daylight
down the central road, and making a wide detour marched
through a low swampy country in the woods all the time, and
struck the enemy's left in his rear position on the lower Trent
road. The attack was made en echellon, Kirkland's and Colquitt's
brigades in advance, and Clingman's and Hagood's in the second
line, and in position from right to left as named. Kirkland was
the only one heavily engaged; and the position of the enemy
being discovered strongly entrenched, with abattis, etc., the troops
were withdrawn and returned to the position of the night before.
General Hill engaged the enemy with artillery and a heavy
skirmish line, when Hoke attacked; but Hoke desisting did not
press. Kirkland's loss was about 300, and was the chief loss

sustained in all these operations, the first day's loss of the Confederates
having been very inconsiderable.

On the night of the 10th, General Hagood was informed that
we were to withdraw from before Kinston. The movements of
the enemy in other quarters, and the necessity of concentrating
in front of Sherman was the cause. There was nothing in the
local situation that required it.[47] The Federals had been offered
battle for three successive days, and had quietly accepted the
defensive role of ditch digging and waiting to be attacked.

The retrograde movement commenced next morning and the
enemy made no effort to molest it. Hill went by rail with his
troops to Smithfield on the Neuse, some forty miles from Raleigh;
and Hoke's division marched leisurely to the same point, our
brigade remaining for two or three days in Kinston without
being attacked. Scouts reported that the Federal army commenced
a retreat upon New Berne at the same time that Bragg
withdrew and only halted when they learned the fact of the Confederate
retrograde.

Colonel Hedrick was wounded on the 8th himself, and lost
three men. On the 9th, Rion lost two wounded and Taylor three.
These men were all the losses of Hagood's brigade.

Hoke's column, after a pleasant march through a fine planting
country up the valley of the Neuse, arrived at Smithfield on the
16th March. Here General Joe Johnston was in command, and
Sherman's main column before him. He had marched, unopposed
through South Carolina, spreading havoc and desolation,
compelling the evacuation of Charleston and burning Columbia
and numerous smaller towns, but attempting to hold no part of
the State except Charleston. The head of his column was now
near Fayetteville.

Johnston's army consisted of the troops of Bragg, Hardee and
part of Hood's Tennessee army, with Hampton's cavalry, probably
30,000 of all arms. Sherman's force was 65,000 to 70,000,
and the approaching co-operative columns of Scofield and Terry
would raise it to a hundred thousand.

With these odds against them, the Confederates were once more
to try the fortune of battle.

                     

Army Tennessee	5,000
Hardee	11,000
Bragg	8,000
		24,000
Cavalry—Wheeler	3,000
Cavalry—Butler	1,000
		4,000
			28,000
Sherman's four corps		70,000
Cavalry		5,000
			75,000

Johnston's Narrative, 372, 377 and 378.

BATTLE OF BENTONVILLE.

From the vicinity of Raleigh to Goldsboro, the Neuse has a
southeasterly course for a distance of fifty miles; and Smithfield
is on the north bank half way between the two places.

To the southward, and twenty miles off, the Cape Fear runs
parallel for half this distance; then at a little town called Averysboro
diverges to the south. Fayetteville is west of the Cape
Fear and forty-five or fifty miles southwest of Smithfield.
Averysboro is half way between the two places. Two roads lead
out of Fayetteville, cross the Cape Fear ten or fifteen miles below
Averysboro, and, uniting on the south bank of the Neuse, go into
Goldsboro.

From Smithfield is a road down the southern bank of the
Neuse, and crossing Hannah and Mill creeks it passes by Bentonville
and enters the upper road from Fayetteville to Goldsboro.

On the 16th March, Hoke's division arriving at Smithfield,
crossed the river at Turner's bridge, two miles below the town,
and encamped on Black creek. We had been having artillery
fire all day, and at night learned that it was an engagement
Hardee had had with the advance of one of Sherman's columns
at Averysboro, and that he had, at its close, fallen back upon an
elevation ten miles in our front. Hardee's loss was said to be 500
casualties of all kinds, and the enemy's supposed to be much
larger. The Confederates were entrenched, the enemy made two
direct attacks which were repulsed, and then turned our position,
compelling its abandonment.

Hardee's loss was trivial until his position was turned, when
Rhett's brigade of South Carolina Regulars, commanded by
Colonel William Butler, which was upon the flank, was badly cut
up. The chief loss was in this brigade. Colonel Rhett had been
captured a few days before. Sherman now ceased to press toward
Smithfield and turned upon Goldsboro, moving by both the roads
leading from Fayetteville to that point.

On the 18th Johnston moved down the south bank of the
Neuse—Hoke's division marching thirteen miles to a point a little
above Bentonville. On the 19th, the division went into line of
battle beyond the upper road from Fayetteville to Goldsboro and
on the prolongation of the western fork of the Bentonville road,
and formed the left wing of Johnston's line. Hardee took the
right of the Fayetteville road and was the right wing. In front
of Hardee the ground was somewhat elevated, with more or less
clearing. In front of Hoke it was low, wet pinewoods, interspersed
with bay gulls and sluggish drains and having considerable
undergrowth.

Butler's cavalry were skirmishing heavily with the enemy a
mile in our front toward Fayetteville as we went into position,
and were immediately afterward withdrawn. The enemy's skirmishers
came on after them and striking the infantry skirmish
line were checked and began feeling to our left. At this time
Hagood's brigade was on the left of the division, and Colquitt's
brigade next to Hagood,—making the first line of battle; Clingman's
and Kirkland's brigades constituted the second line. General
Hoke having been informed by Hagood of the enemy's
moving to the left brought up Kirkland's from the second line
and placed him on Hagood's left. Very soon after Kirkland's
was in position, the enemy assailed, striking half of Hagood's
front (Rion's regiment on the left) and the whole of Kirkland's.
He was handsomely repulsed, leaving a good many dead and
wounded men and abandoned rifles in our front. Our skirmish
line was immediately re-established, the arms secured and the
wounded brought in. Our loss was trivial, the men having with
great rapidity covered themselves with log and earth obstructions.
Lieutenant E. H. Bell, Company C, Seventh South Carolina
battalion, was, however, killed. He was an excellent officer
of his grade, and had served with fidelity throughout the war.

REFERENCES.

A B—Johnston's line, 19th.

C E D—Sherman's first line, 19th.

F E D—Sherman's second line, 19th.

A X G Z—Johnston's line, 20th and 21st.

K L M—Sherman's 17th Corps, 20th and 21st.

F E D—Sherman's 14th and 20th Corps, 20th and 21st.

The staff standing unprotected behind the line, Lieutenant Martin
had the sole of his shoe taken off by a rifle bullet striking between
his foot and the earth, and Major Hay, commissary of subsistence,
acting as aide-de-camp on this occasion, was painfully bruised
by a ball glancing from a tree.

Heavy skirmishing continued on our front during the morning,
the enemy still feeling for our left, which was now prolonged
by dismounted cavalry. Our's was not engaged, but occupied in
entrenching.

About 2 p. m., General Johnston advanced his right wing and
forced back the enemy's left until it was at an angle of 45 degrees
with its original position, the point of the angle being opposite
Colquitt's center; his right wing remained parallel to our immediate
front, and by this time was well entrenched. In swinging
out, Hardee had lost connection with the left wing, and about
4:30 p. m., Hoke was ordered to move out two brigades and
regain it. He had thrown out a regiment from the right of Colquitt's
brigade, secured the angle of the enemy's entrenched
position, and was sweeping down to the left to clear the front of
Colquitt's left, and Hagood's before advancing, when an order
arrived from Bragg, who had not been on the field and had
heard of Hoke's movement through some aide or courier, to move
both brigades straight out and make a direct attack. The order
was obeyed and the works carried, though with considerable
loss, over 500 men in the two brigades. General Hood was behind
his center regiment, Hedrick's, commanded by Major Holland;
Taylor was on the right of the brigade connecting with Colquitt,
and Rion was on the left. Colquitt struck the works full, as did
Taylor's regiment; Holland met with nothing but a line of battle;
and Rion on the extreme left encountered only a skirmish line.
After the first works were carried and the line was advancing
steadily upon a second series of breastworks some 500 yards
from our original line, General Hagood observed the troops on his
right beginning to retire, first Colquitt (he could not see beyond
that brigade) and then Taylor, and ordered his center and left
back. There was nothing on his front nor on Colquitt's, as he
subsequently learned from Colonel Zachery, commanding that
brigade, to prevent a continued advance. The retrograde movement
commenced with Hardee and resulted, it was said, from

encountering works which could not be carried without undue
sacrifice.

The loss in Hagood's brigade was chiefly in Holland's and
Taylor's (North Carolina) regiments, and was from fire upon
them in retiring; Colquitt's men received little or no fire in their
retreat.

The Confederates at night re-occupied their first line of battle,
but the enemy continued with their left wing bent back in the
position into which it had been driven.

We had been fighting all day the Fourteenth and Twentieth
U. S. Army Corps, as we learned from prisoners. The loss in our
division at least would have been inconsiderable and our success
eminent had it not been for Bragg's undertaking to give a tactical
order upon a field that he had not seen. Hardee had captured a
number of prisoners and several pieces of artillery, part only of
which he was enabled to bring off on account of the tangled
nature of the ground and the battery horses being killed. His
losses were probably 800. From subsequent information it was
learned that three Federal divisions were broken.

During the afternoon and night Sherman marched the Seventeenth
corps by the lower Fayetteville road to its junction with
the Upper road near the Neuse, succeeded in putting it in position
on the Upper road in our immediate rear, and General Johnston,
before it arrived in striking distance, next morning, the 20th,
retaining the position of his right wing, swung back his left
behind and nearly parallel with the upper Fayetteville road.
His extreme left was somewhat refused, and prolonged and protected
by cavalry. Hagood occupied the left of Hoke's division,
Kirkland being the right. Harrison's Georgia brigade, of
Hardee's command, prolonged and terminated the infantry line
on the left. The rest of Hardee's command was in reserve behind
this flank, and the Tennessee troops (of Hood's army) were on
the right where they had been on the previous day and engaged
in the operations of the right wing.

Johnston's line was now across the two branches of the Bentonville
road by which after forking it enters the Upper Fayetteville
road. His wings were each broken back to protect his flanks.
The Fourteenth and Twentieth corps were on his right flank and
front, the Seventeenth corps was on his left and front, and

between the two divisions of the enemy's army was free communication
along the Upper Fayetteville road. This position
was scarcely taken when the enemy on the right attacked partially
but heavily, Kirkland's brigade repelling the assault. On
the left he deployed heavy skirmish lines, and severe skirmishing
ensued but no assault. Our troops rapidly entrenched their new
position. No further effort at assault was made, but the
respective skirmishers were engaged all day and night along
the whole line.

Next day, the 21st, the enemy having massed infantry in force
on the extreme left, where Wheeler's cavalry extended and protected
our flank, drove him some 2,000 yards and reached the
field near the church and within 100 yards of the Bentonville
road, our only line of communication. Here some 200 men of
Alfred Cumming's Georgia brigade and the Eighth Texas cavalry
on horseback fell furiously upon the right flank of the
enemy's advancing line, and threw it into confusion. Wheeler
rallied and succeeded in forcing them back, regaining his former
position. At this time Hagood's brigade and Walthal's command
of 950 men of the Army of Tennessee,[48] detached for the purpose,
arriving, took the place of the cavalry, which moved further
towards Hannah creek for the protection of the flank.

The enemy made no further demonstration here, but remained
in line of battle with a heavy line of skirmishers engaged the rest
of the day and night.

When Hagood's brigade was detached to re-enforce Wheeler,
the enemy perceiving the movement immediately attacked the
position he had left, but Clingman's brigade extending behind
the really good entrenchments handsomely repulsed the assault.
Colonel DeVorn, commanding the brigade, was, however, badly
wounded, and Lieutenant-Colonel Mallett was killed. The latter
General Hagood had first met at the defence of Battery Wagner
in the siege of Charleston. He was a brave man and an excellent
soldier.

On the morning of the 22nd, General Johnston commenced
withdrawing from the field, skirmish lines covering the movement,
and by 7 a. m. had taken position behind Hannah creek

three miles to the rear. He was unmolested in withdrawing. The
enemy felt his new position with cavalry and skirmishers, but
did not press. In the afternoon, the Confederates marched for
their former position on Black creek, Hoke's division bringing
up the rear.

Sherman moved on to Goldsboro, and the junction with the
co-operative columns from New Berne and Wilmington took
place.

Hagood's brigade in this battle lost 249 men killed, wounded
and missing, of whom all but 17 were from the North Carolina
troops of the command. Among these were some valuable officers
and men. Colonel Taylor (Thirty-sixth North Carolina) was
wounded and lost his arm, and Captain R. G. Rankin (First
North Carolina battalion) attracted General Hagood's attention
by his heroic bearing. He was wounded and died shortly after.
Our general casualties were understood to be 2,500,[49] and the
enemy's evidently heavier.[50]

The affair was indecisive. Johnston had evidently hoped, by
falling rapidly upon one of Sherman's columns in march, to beat
him in detail, and prevent his concentration at Goldsboro. While
inflicting considerable injury upon the enemy, and raising the
morale of that portion of his army which had been in one
unvaried retreat since Atlanta, he failed to accomplish his purpose.
With odds against him, it could only have been by that
chance which so often determines military affairs that he could
have succeeded.

Confederate forces present:

     

Infantry and artillery	14,100
Cavalry	4,000
		18,100

Federal forces:

   

On 19th	35,000
On 20th and 21st	70,000

FLARING UP OF THE CANDLE. THE END.

On the 24th of March, the army crossed the Neuse and went
into camp on the north bank of the river above the railroad station.
The distance of the enemy with cavalry intervening did
away with the necessity of infantry outpost duty, and vigorous
efforts were at once inaugurated by General Johnston to put his
army in effective condition for further service. Drills, reviews,
and inspections were the order of the day, and what was known
as the consolidation Act was commenced to be enforced. This
Act had been passed by the Congress some time before, but its
provisions, for which there was a great necessity, had not been
up to this time enforced. The supply of recruits to the Confederate
army had for a year past failed, and indeed the Bureau of
Conscription did not even efficiently return to their colors the
men who upon various pretexts, legitimate and illegitimate, were
at home. From the casualties of war, brigades had become
regiments, regiments companies, and some organizations had
almost ceased to exist. This was the condition of the armies in
the field, while upon the rolls were borne men enough to constitute
an army ample to hold the Federal hordes indefinitely at
bay. Numbers of these were prisoners of war, and Grant's policy
of obstructing exchange made their return too uncertain to be
counted upon. There was but one course left to put the armies
of the Confederacy upon a footing of efficiency sufficient to continue
the contest, and that was to consolidate and reorganize the
good men and true, who still clung to their banners, into new
regiments and brigades of proper strength and rely for recruits
to supply the waste of war upon returned prisoners of war, and
such skulkers at home as a more vigorous execution of the powers
of the conscription could return to the ranks.

This consolidation was a matter of much interest to both officers
and men. In our particular case, a strong feeling was manifested
to unite the volunteer South Carolina troops, which had come on
with Hardee, to our old brigade. There were old acquaintances,
Frederick's regiment of artillery now converted into infantry,
and others, comrades of ours in the siege of Charleston.

These on the evacuation of Charleston had been brigaded
under General Stephen Elliott, and their number had been considerably
reduced by the hasty march from South Carolina, and

casualties in the recent actions at Averysboro and Bentonville.
Their addition, however, would have put the old brigade once
more upon a respectable footing as to numbers in the field. General
Elliott, who was now compelled to retire from active service
by a recent wound and the reopening of the wound received at
the explosion of the mine at Petersburg, felt impelled to return
home, and his officers and men desired it, and General Hagood
requested his division commander to seek to have it done. General
Hoke, for some reason, was laggard in his efforts, enough to call
for a remonstrance from his subordinate. Nominally there were
yet men enough on the brigade rolls, present and absent, if
returned to duty, to restore it to efficiency, and General Hoke
seemed more inclined to give his efforts to recovering these. After
conference with General Johnston, but without previous indication
of his purpose to Hagood, he procured an order detailing
Hagood himself to go to South Carolina on this duty. This order
was handed to the brigade commander on the 30th March, and the
same evening he issued a complimentary farewell order, which
they had well deserved, to the North Carolinians who had been
serving with us, and the following address to his own men:

"There are now in South Carolina, absent without proper leave from the
command, 828 men. There have been captured from the brigade in its long
and arduous service, 1,505 men and officers, all of whom are, or soon will be,
in South Carolina on the usual exchange furlough. In the present interrupted
state of communication, both within South Carolina and from thence
to the army, General Johnston thinks it necessary to adopt some other
than the usual means to secure the prompt return of these men to their
standards. With, too, this large number of men or any considerable proportion
of them back in the ranks, the different regiments of the brigade
will be saved from the action of the consolidation act, and the general
appreciates the natural desire of his men to finish the war in the same
organization in which they have heretofore served.

"Influenced by these considerations, the general commanding has ordered
me to turn over the command of the brigade temporarily to the ranking
officer present, and to proceed to South Carolina to secure, by my personal
exertions, as far as may be, the rapid recruiting of our command. This
has been done without previous intimation of his views, or without suggestion
from me. When I learned his intention I applied to have the
remnant of the brigade now here temporarily returned to the State, there

to gather up the absentees; but I was informed that, small as their number
was, they could not be spared from the army here. Our general possesses
your unbounded confidence. He had been called to the command at this
critical juncture by the universal voice of the army and the country, and
it becomes us implicitly and cheerfully to carry out his views.

"I shall be absent forty days, perhaps a short time longer, but so soon
as the purpose of my absence shall be accomplished you have the guarantee
of my past history that I will be back where I have hitherto found
the post of duty—amid your ranks.

"In my absence you will not be consolidated, and although the North
Carolina troops will be taken from the command, the old brigade will be
kept intact and redeveloped into its old proportions as the returning members
arrive.

"In concluding this frank and full statement of the condition of our command,
let me urge upon both officers and men to give their hearty co-operation
in carrying out the views of our general—views dictated not only by
the interest of the country at large, but by the welfare of our beloved
brigade. When I return, greet me, comrades, with the announcement that
in my absence no man has left his standard—that the word deserter has
been expunged from the vocabulary of Hagood's brigade.

"Remember your glorious record. Recall the spirit that animated you at
Walthal when almost single-handed you held the invader at bay until the
arrival of Beaureguard's avenging army. Think of your triumph at
Drury's; your services at Cold Harbor, at Bermuda Hundreds, the sixty-seven
days in the trenches of Petersburg, the bloody but glorious Sunday on
the Weldon road, the Richmond lines, Fisher, Anderson Town Creek, Kinston,
Bentonville. What men before ever made such a record in eleven
months? Will you let such a history terminate ingloriously, and the verdict
of posterity be that the men who made the record perished in the
making, and that the degenerate survivors were unable to sustain the
weight of glory their more gallant comrades had already won?

"Officers and men of the Eleventh, Twenty-first and Twenty-fifth and
Twenty-seventh, to you especially do I appeal to keep your commands
together. You are the nucleus upon which your regiments must be rebuilt.
Suppress any rising spirit of discontent at unavoidable unpleasantness in
your present condition; lend me your zealous efforts; and again your regiments
will be in the condition they were when the swords of Ledbetter and
Dargan and Glover and Hopkins flashed in your van, and their gallant
spirits proudly departed to heaven from a death won in your ranks.

General Hagood was directed to select a detail of officers to
accompany and assist him; and given transportation for them
and their horses by rail as far as these roads remain in running
order. This was to the edge of Sherman's "swath" through
South Carolina. Lieutenant-Colonel Rion, Seventh battalion,

was left in charge of the brigade, aided by Stoney, Mazyck,
Lartigue and Hay of the staff. Moffett and Martin of the staff
and Captain Brooks (Seventh battalion) accompanied General
Hagood; and next morning they started for South Carolina.

The brigade now numbered of all grades present 493 men!
This was the last time General Hagood saw it; or saw the Red
Cross flag floating over armed men in the field. Before his mission
in South Carolina had been accomplished,—before the forty
days had expired—the Confederacy had gone down in blood and
gloom.

Captain Stoney kept a memorandum diary of events after
General Hagood's departure; and the following extracts from it
conduct the history of the brigade through the few days that
remained to the bitter end. They at the same time give such
glimpses of the general course of events, now familiar history,
as were obtainable at the time by a subordinate and show, too,
how in the shadow of approaching doom the ignoble traits of
poor human nature are as perceptible as the heroic.

" `By the terms of a military convention, made on the 26th instant by
Major-General W. T. Sherman, U. S. A., and General J. E. Johnston, C. S. A.,
the officers and men of this army are to bind themselves not to take up
arms against the United States until properly relieved from that obligation,
and shall receive guarantees from the United States officers against
molestation by the United States authorities so long as they observe that
obligation and the laws in force where they reside.

" `For these objects duplicate muster rolls will be made out immediately,
and after the distribution of the necessary papers, the troops will march
under their officers to their respective States and there be disbanded.

" `The object of this convention is pacification to the extent of the
authority of the commanders who make it.

" `Events in Virginia, which broke every hope of success by war, imposed
on its general the duty of sparing the blood of this gallant army and of
saving our country from further devastation and our people from ruin.

Thus ended the military history of a body of men who struck
for what they believed to be inalienable right, and staked their all
upon the issue. Deo Vindice.

Individuals found their way as best they could to the ruins
and desolation which were now their homes, there in patience to
abide the event; the brigade, like the Cause in which it had
enlisted, was dead.

APPENDIX

In the autumn of 1864, when the brigade then attached to
Longstreet's corps was serving upon the Richmond lines, the following
rosters of its different regiments were made out and
officially forwarded under directions from corps headquarters.
They are correct from the organization of each regiment up to
that date; subsequent changes are not given, nor is the means of
accuracy in noting them at hand. The most important, however,
may be gathered from the preceding narrative.

SEVENTH SOUTH CAROLINA BATTALION.

Organized 22d February, 1862. Mustered into Confederate service 22d
February, 1862.

FIELD OFFICERS.

Lieutenant-Colonel.

(1) P. H. Nelson, major 22d February, 1862. Promoted lieutenant-colonel
10th July, 1862. Killed in battle 24th June, 1864.

(2) J. H. Rion, captain 22d February, 1862. Major 5th March, 1863.
Lieutenant-colonel 24th June, 1864.

Major.

(1) L. W. R. Blair, captain 22d February, 1862. Major 10th July, 1862.
Resigned 3d March, 1863.

(2) J. H. Rion. (See above.)

(3) Vacancy not filled.

STAFF.

Surgeon.

R. B. Hanahan, 30th March, 1863. Assistant Surgeon.

(1) Chas. R. Taber, December, 1861. Promoted.

(2) Wm. Weston, 2d February, 1865.

Ensign.

(1) A. P. Irby, 20th June, 1864. Resigned.

(2) Vacant.

Assistant Quartermaster.

(1) Eli Harrison, 6th March, 1862. Transferred.

(2) Office abolished.

Adjutant.

(1) S. W. Nelson, 20th March, 1862. Resigned.

(2) W. M. Thomas, 12th December, 1864.

COMPANY A.

Captain.

(1) L. W. R. Blair (see field officers).

(2) B. S. Lucas, first-lieutenant 22d February, 1862. Promoted 10th July,
1862. Wounded and retired June, 1865.

First-Lieutenant.

(1) B. S. Lucas. See above.

(2) D. Segars, second-lieutenant 22d February, 1862. First-lieutenant
27th May, 1862.

(3) F. M. McCaskell, second-lieutenant 22d February, 1862. First-lieutenant
June, 1864. Killed 21st August, 1864.

(4) A. M. McCaskell, second-lieutenant July, 1862. First-lieutenant 21st
August, 1864.

Second-Lieutenant.

(1) D. Segars. See above.

(2) F. M. McCaskell. See above.

(3) A. M. McCaskell. See above.

(4) J. W. Gardiner, junior second-lieutenant 14th October, 1862. Promoted
second-lieutenant 21st August, 1864.

Junior Second-Lieutenant.

(1) J. W. Gardiner. See above.

(2) Vacant.

COMPANY B.

Captain.

(1) J. H. Rion (see field officers).

(2) J. R. Harrison, first-lieutenant 22d February, 1862. Captain 5th
March, 1863. Resigned.

(3) J. L. Kennedy, second-lieutenant 22d February, 1862. First-lieutenant
5th March, 1863. Captain 23d November, 1863. Died of
wounds 8th August, 1864.

(4) S. W. Douglass, junior second-lieutenant 2d April, 1863. Second-lieutenant
August, 1864. First-lieutenant August, 1864. Died of
wounds September, 1864.

(5) J. L. Tidwell, second-lieutenant September, 1864. First-lieutenant
13th December, 1864. Captain 18th December, 1864.

First-Lieutenant.

(1) J. R. Harrison. See above.

(2) J. L. Kennedy. See above.

(3) H. L. Isbell, junior second-lieutenant 22d February, 1862. Second-lieutenant
1st April, 1863. First-lieutenant 23d November, 1863.
Died of wounds 27th August, 1864.

(4) S. W. Douglass. See above.

(5) J. L. Tidwell. See above.

(6) S. H. Cook, 13th December, 1864.

Second-Lieutenant.

(1) J. L. Kennedy. See above.

(2) H. L. Isbell. See above.

(3) S. W. Douglass. See above.

(4) J. L. Tidwell. See above.

(5) S. H. Cook, 8th September, 1864. Promoted. See above 13th December,
1864.

(6) J. P. Cason, junior second-lieutenant 8th September, 1864. Second-lieutenant
13th December, 1864.

Junior Second-Lieutenant.

(1) H. L. Isbell. See above.

(2) S. W. Douglass. See above.

(3) R. W. Kennedy, 3d April, 1863. Killed 21st August, 1864.

(4) S. H. Cook. See above.

(5) J. P. Cason. See above.

(6) Vacant.

COMPANY C.

Captain.

(1) W. H. Sligh, 22d February, 1862. Resigned.

(2) A. W. Pearson, junior second-lieutenant 22d February, 1862. Second-lieutenant
11th November, 1862. First-lieutenant 29th June,
1863. Captain 29th June, 1863. Resigned 25th October, 1864.

(3) J. R. Mankin, junior second-lieutenant 19th November, 1862. Second-lieutenant
29th June, 1863. First-lietuenant same date. Captain
25th October, 1864.

First-Lieutenant.

(1) M. H. Howell, 22d February, 1862. Resigned 11th November, 1862.

(2) F. H. Elmore, second-lieutenant 22d February, 1862. First-lieutenant
11th November, 1862. Resigned 29th June, 1863.

(3) A. W. Pearson. See above.

(4) J. R. Mankin. See above.

(5) Vacant.

Second-Lieutenant.

(1) F. H. Elmore. See above.

(2) A. W. Pearson. See above.

(3) J. R. Mankin. See above.

(4) W. D. Hill, junior second-lieutenant 7th October, 1863. Promoted
same day.

Junior Second-Lieutenant.

(1) A. W. Pearson. See above.

(2) J. R. Mankin. See above.

(3) W. D. Hill. See above.

(4) E. H. Bell, 7th October, 1863. Killed at Bentonville in 1865.

COMPANY D.

Captain.

(1) J. L. Jones, 2d January, 1862. Captured 21st August, 1864. Prisoner
until end of war.

First-Lieutenant.

(1) W. Clyburn, promoted to Company G.

(2) E. A. Young, second-lieutenant 22d February, 1862. First-lieutenant
27th May, 1862.

Second-Lieutenant.

(1) E. A. Young. See above.

(2) R. W. Young, 14th July, 1862.

Junior Second-Lieutenant.

(1) R. Moseley, 22d February, 1862. Resigned.

(2) R. I. Cunningham, 19th November, 1862.

COMPANY E.

Captain.

(1) R. E. Boykin, 22d February, 1862. Resigned 25th May, 1863.

(2) P. P. Gaillard, second lieutenant 22d February, 1862. First-lieutenant
6th November, 1862. Captain 25th May, 1863.

First-Lieutenant.

(1) A. G. Sanders, 22d February, 1862. Resigned 6th November, 1862.

(2) P. P. Gaillard. See above.

(3) James Ross, junior second-lieutenant 22d February, 1862. Second-lieutenant
November, 1862. First-lieutenant same date.

Second-Lieutenant.

(1) P. P. Gaillard. See above.

(2) James Ross. See above.

(3) F. W. Lenoir, junior second-lieutenant 19th November, 1862. Second-lieutenant
19th November, 1862.

COMPANY F.

Captain.

(1) Dove Segars, 27th May, 1862.

First-Lieutenant.

(1) Wm. McSween, 27th May, 1862. Died 1864.

(2) H. D. Tiller, junior second-lieutenant 27th May, 1864. Second-lieutenant
1st November, 1864. First-lieutenant 2d June, 1864.

Second-Lieutenant.

(1) J. E. Horton, 27th May, 1862. Died 1st November, 1862.

(2) H. D. Tiller. See above.

(3) A. W. Rabey, junior second-lieutenant 19th November, 1862. Promoted
second-lieutenant 2d June, 1864.

Junior Second-Lieutenant.

(1) H. D. Tiller. See above.

(2) A. W. Rabey. See above.

(3) G. P. King, 13th August, 1864.

COMPANY G.

Captain.

Wm. Clyburn 27th May, 1862.

First-Lieutenant.

L. L. Clyburn 27th May, 1862.

Second-Lieutenant.

Wm. J. Taylor, 27th May, 1862.

Junior Second-Lieutenant.

Thomas Sligh, 27th May, 1862.

COMPANY H.

Captain.

(1) J. H. Brooks, 14th July, 1862.

First-Lieutenant.

(1) T. M. McCants, 14th July, 1862. Killed in battle 3d June, 1864.

(2) Wm. Weston, second-lieutenant 14th July, 1862. Promoted firstlieutenant
3d June, 1864. Resigned 20th January, 1865. Appointed
assistant surgeon.

(3) Vacant.

Second-Lieutenant.

(1) Wm. Weston. See above.

(2) B. J. Randall, junior second-lieutenant 14th July, 1862. Promoted
3d June, 1864.

Junior Second-Lieutenant.

(1) B. J. Randall. See above.

(2) A. P. Irby, 27th October, 1864.

ELEVENTH SOUTH CAROLINA REGIMENT.

The officer commanding this regiment reported an absence of records
which forbade an attempt to give a roster until 3d May, 1862, when the
regiment was reorganized on re-entering the Confederate service. Colonel
Wm. C. Heyward had commanded it during that period of its service. The
following roster commences with the 3d May, 1862.

After the reorganization Company A, commanded by captain, afterwards
general, Stephen Elliott, had by the Secretary at War been permanently
detached for service as light artillery.

FIELD OFFICERS.

Colonel.

(1) D. H. Ellis, 3d May, 1862. Resigned.

(2) F. H. Gantt, lieutenant-colonel 3d May, 1862. Colonel 22d November,
1862.

Lieutenant-Colonel.

(1) F. H. Gantt. See above.

(2) A. C. Izard, Captain 5th July, 1862. Major 22d October, 1862. Lieutenant-Colonel
22d November, 1862.

Major.

(1) J. J. Harrison, 3d May, 1862. Killed 22d October, 1862.

(2) A. C. Izard. See above.

(3) J. J. Gooding, captain 3d May, 1862. Major 27th November, 1862.

STAFF.

Surgeon.

(1) A. E. Williams, 8th July, 1862.

Assistant Surgeon.

(1) J. B. Black, 25th June, 1862.

Assistant Quartermaster.

(1) R. P. Gantt, 9th June, 1862. Transferred (office abolished).

Chaplain.

(1) A. B. Stephens. (Never served with regiment after it was brigaded.)

Adjutant.

(1) C. F. Davis, 3d May, 1862.

COMPANY A.

Captain Elliott commanding permanently detached.

COMPANY B.

Captain.

(1) J. J. Westcoat, 15th May, 1862.

First-Lieutenant.

(1) J. H. Dawson, 3d May, 1862. Resigned.

(2) H. W. Bowman, second-lieutenant 3d May, 1862. First-lieutenant
1st May, 1863.

Second-Lieutenant.

(1) H. W. Bowman. See above.

(2) W. D. Ellis, junior second-lieutenant 12th May, 1863. Second-lieutenant
same date.

Junior Second-Lieutenant.

(1) Ed Chaplain, 3d May, 1862. Cashiered.

(2) W. D. Ellis. See above.

(3) John Black, 15th June, 1863.

COMPANY C.

Captain.

(1) T. D. Ledbetter, 3d May, 1862. Killed in battle 14th May, 1864.

First-Lieutenant.

(1) J. J. Guerrard, 3d May, 14th September, 1864. Died of wounds 14th
September, 1864.

(2) Vacant.

Second-Lieutenant.

(1) F. R. M. Sineath, 3d May, 1862.

Junior Second-Lieutenant.

(1) Thomas Stall, 3d May, 1862.

COMPANY D.

Captain.

(1) J. J. Gooding. See field officers.

(2) Vacant.

First-Lieutenant.

(1) McD. Gooding, 3d May, 1862.

Second-Lieutenant.

(1) O. G. Sauls, 3d May, 1862. Resigned.

(2) H. K. Huck, junior second-lieutenant 3d May, 1862. Promoted
second-lieutenant.

Junior Second-Lieutenant.

(1) Huck. See above,

(2) W. I. Gooding.

COMPANY E.

Captain.

(1) J. H. Mickler, 3d May, 1862.

First-Lieutenant.

(1) Wilson Smith, 3d May, 1862. Died 24th July, 1864.

(2) Thomas Tuten, second-lieutenant May, 1862. First-lieutenant 24th
July, 1864.

Second-Lieutenant.

(1) Thomas Tuten. (See above.)

(2) Thomas Hamilton, junior second-lieutenant 3d May, 1862. Second-lieutenant
24th July, 1864.

Junior Second-Lieutenant.

(1) Thomas Hamilton. (See above.)

(2) B. M. Wells, 25th November, 1864.

COMPANY F.

Captain.

(1) B. F. Wyman, 3d May, 1862.

First-Lieutenant.

(1) J. T. Morrison, 3d May, 1862.

Second-Lieutenant.

(1) W. H. Wyman, 3d May, 1862. Resigned.

(2) J. M. Mixson, junior second-lieutenant 3d May, 1862. Second-lieutenant
18th May, 1863.

Junior Second-Lieutenant.

(1) J. M. Mixson. (See above.)

(2) E. H. Wyman, 18th April, 1863.

COMPANY G.

Captain.

(1) Capt. W. D. McMillan, 3d May, 1862.

First-Lieutenant.

(1) W. M. Wolfe, 3d May, 1862. Killed in battle 9th May, 1864.

(2) Vacant.

Second-Lieutenant.

(1) J. H. Brownlee, 3d May, 1862.

Junior Second-Lieutenant.

(1) S. H. Brownlee, 3d May, 1862.

COMPANY H.

Captain.

T. E. Raysor, 3d May, 1862.

First-Lieutenant.

W. G. Wilson, 3d May, 1862.

Second-Lieutenant.

J. P. Minus, 3d May, 1862.

Junior Second-Lieutenant.

L. C. Mellard, 3d May, 1862.

COMPANY I.

Captain.

(1) A. C. Izard. (See field officers.)

(2) W. S. Campbell, first-lieutenant 5th July, 1862. Captain 22d October,
1862.

First-Lieutenant.

(1) W. S. Campbell. (See above.)

(2) E. B. Loyless, second-lieutenant 5th July, 1862. First-lieutenant
October, 1862.

Second-Lieutenant.

(1) E. B. Loyless. (See above.)

(2) J. C. Riley, 22d October, 1862. Dead.

Junior Second-Lieutenant.

(1) R. J. Dandridge, 5th July, 1862. Dead.

(2) J. C. Riley. (See above.)

(3) Robert Campbell, promoted second-lieutenant.

(4) George K. Ryan, 25th November, 1864.

COMPANY K.

Captain.

First-Lieutenant.

(1) J. H. Murdaugh, 3d May, 1862. Resigned.

(2) L. B. Murdaugh, second-lieutenant 3d May, 1862. First-lieutenant
29th September, 1863.

Second-Lieutenant.

(1) L. B. Murdaugh. (See above.)

(2) William Johns. (See below.)

Junior Second-Lieutenant.

(1) William Johns, 3d May, 1862. Promoted 29th September, 1863.

(2) F. J. Cassidy, 4th January, 1864.

TWENTY-FIRST SOUTH CAROLINA REGIMENT.

Organized 12th November, 1861. Entered Confederate Service 1st Jan., 1862.

FIELD OFFICERS.

Colonel.

Robert F. Graham, 26th January, 1862.

Lieutenant-Colonel.

(1) Alonzo T. Dargan, 26th January, 1862. Killed in battle 7th May, 1864.

(2) George W. McIvor, major 26th January, 1862. Lieutenant-colonel
May, 1864.

Major.

(1) George W. McIvor. (See above.)

(2) J. Harleston Read, Sr., captain 1st January, 1862. Major 7th
May, 1864. Retired October 8, 1864.

(3) S. H. Wilds, captain 1st January, 1862. Major 8th October, 1864.

STAFF.

Surgeon. See above.

(1) Theodore A. Dargan. Transferred.

(2) C. Happolt. Resigned.

(3) Samuel Muller, October, 1863.

Assistant Surgeon.

(1) W. A. Player. Resigned October, 1863.

(2) E. B. Smith.

Assistant Quartermaster.

(1) John C. McClenaghan. Died.

(2) N. C. McDuffie.

Adjutant.

(1) Thomas E. Stanley. Appointed A. C. S.

(2) L. F. Dozier. Appointed assistant surgeon.

(3) D. R. W. McIvor, 1st February, 1864.

COMPANY A.

Captain.

(1) J. Harleston Read, Sr., lieutenant. (See field officers.)

(2) Vacant.

First-Lieutenant.

(1) Paul Fitzsimons. Resigned.

(2) Thomas Ford, second-lieutenant 1st January, 1862. First-lieutenant
November, 1862.

Second-Lieutenant.

(1) Thomas Ford. (See above.)

(2) J. H. Read, junior, 1st May, 1862. Junior second-lieutenant November,
1862.

Junior Second-Lieutenant.

(1) C. E. Wiggins, 1st January, 1862. Resigned.

(2) J. H. Read, Sr. (See above.)

(3) W. Reese Ford, December, 1862.

COMPANY B.

Captain.

(1) S. H. Wilds (see field officers).

(2) Vacant.

First-Lieutenant.

(1) D. C. Milling, 1st January, 1862. Resigned.

(2) J. W. King, second-lieutenant 1st January, 1862. First-lieutenant
July, 1863. Resigned December, 1863.

(3) J. S. Hart, junior second-lieutenant 1st January, 1862. First-lieutenant
December, 1863. Killed 16th May, 1864.

(4) J. C. Clements, junior second-lieutenant December, 1863. Second-lieutenant
July, 1863. First-lieutenant 1st June, 1864.

Second-Lieutenant.

(1) J. W. King. (See above.)

(2) J. L. Hart. (See above.)

(3) J. C. Clements. (See above.)

(4) T. J. Cannon, October, 1863.

Junior Second-Lieutenant.

(1) J. L. Hart. (See above.)

(2) J. C. Clements. (See above.)

(3) T. J. Cannon. (See above.)

(4) T. D. Zimmerman, 1st June, 1864.

COMPANY C.

Transferred to Twenty-fifth South Carolina Regiment, becoming Co. I
of that regiment.

COMPANY D.

Captain.

(1) M. G. Tant, 1st January, 1862.

First-Lieutenant.

(1) H. P. Lynch, 25th January, 1862. Resigned.

(2) J. H. Villeneure, 1st May, 1862. Retired.

(3) J. D. Sanders, 28th April, 1864.

Second-Lieutenant.

(1) J. H. Villeneure. Promoted.

(2) J. D. Sanders. Promoted.

(3) A. A. Vanderford. Died 3d July, 1864.

Junior Second-Lieutenant.

(1) J. D. Sanders. (See above.)

(2) A. A. Vanderford. (See above.)

COMPANY E.

Captain.

(1) B. T. Davis, 1st January, 1862. Killed 28th May, 1864.

(2) Vacant.

First-Lieutenant.

(1) A. W. Davis, 1st January, 1862.

Second-Lieutenant.

(1) John A. Craig, 1st January, 1862. Killed 15th May, 1864.

(2) A. P. Craig, 1st May, 1862.

Junior Second-Lieutenant.

(1) J. L. Freeman, 1st January, 1862. Resigned.

(2) A. P. Craig. (See above.)

(3) Thomas Wilkes, 1st January, 1864. Died 1st September, 1864.

(4) F. Rivers, 25th November, 1864.

COMPANY F.

Captain.

(1) J. A. W. Thomas, 1st January, 1862.

First-Lieutenant.

(1) W. L. Legett, 1st January, 1862. Resigned 1st May, 1862.

(2) N. A. Easterling, second-lieutenant 1st January, 1862. First-lieutenant
1st May, 1862.

Second-Lieutenant.

(1) N. A. Easterling. (See above.)

(2) R. E. Townsend, 1st May, 1862.

Junior Second-Lieutenant.

(1) R. E. Townsend, 1st January, 1862. (See above.)

(2) W. D. Cook, 1st May, 1862.

COMPANY G.

Captain.

(1) E. C. Stockton, 1st January, 1862. Resigned.

(2) R. Dickerson, first-lieutenant 1st January, 1862. Captain 1st May
1862. Resigned December, 1862.

(3) R. W. Reddy, junior second-lieutenant 1st January, 1862. Second-lieutenant
1st May, 1862. First-lieutenant same date. Captain
December, 1862. Retired August, 1864.

(4) Vacant.

First-Lieutenant.

(1) R. Dickerson. (See above.)

(2) R. W. Reddy. (See above.)

(3) J. M. Woodward, second-lieutenant 1st May, 1862. First-lieutenant
December, 1862.

Second-Lieutenant.

(1) J. C. Dove, 1st January, 1862. Resigned 1st May, 1862.

(2) R. W. Reddy. (See above.)

(3) J. M. Woodward. (See above.)

(4) W. A. Bevel, December, 1862. Killed 16th May, 1864.

(5) R. A. Hudson, killed June, 1864.

(6) P. Bowles, June, 1864.

Junior Second-Lieutenant.

(1) R. W. Reddy. (See above.)

(2) J. M. Woodward. (See above.

(3) Samuel Petty, 1st May, 1862. Resigned December, 1862.

(4) W. A. Bevel. (See above.)

(5) R. A. Hudson. (See above.)

(6) A. B. White, 25th November, 1864.

COMPANY H.

Captain.

(1) J. F. A. Elliott, 8th January, 1862. Died December, 1863.

(2) H. P. Spain. Resigned December, 1863.

(3) D. G. DuBose, December, 1863.

First-Lieutenant.

(1) C. I. Flynn, 8th January, 1862. Resigned May, 1862.

(2) H. P. Spain. (See above.)

(3) D. G. DuBose. (See above.)

(4) F. D. Dalrymple. Killed 1st July, 1863.

(5) W. H. Carlisle, 10th August, 1863.

Second-Lieutenant.

(1) H. J. Lee, 8th January, 1862. Resigned 1st May, 1862.

(2) F. D. Dalrymple. (See above.)

(3) D. G. BuBose. (See above.)

(4) W. H. Carlisle. ( See above.)

(5) H. Wilson, 10th July, 1864.

Junior Second-Lieutenant.

(1) W. W. Moore, 8th January, 1862. Resigned 1st May, 1862.

(2) E. M. Rogers, 1st May, 1862. Resigned 10th January, 1863.

(3) D. G. DuBose. (See above.)

(4) W. H. Carlisle. (See above.)

(5) H. Wilson. (See above.)

(6) P. W. Atkerson, 10th February, 1864.

COMPANY I.

Captain.

(1) A. M. Woodberry, 1st January, 1862. Resigned 1st February, 1862.

(2) R. G. Howard, March, 1862.

First-Lieutenant.

(1) H. A. Gasque, 8th January, 1862. Resigned 1st May, 1862.

(2) A. B. Jordan, 1st May, 1862. Resigned August, 1862.

(3) H. M. Cannon, 7th December, 1862. Resigned 20th April, 1864.

(4) H. J. Chappell, 28th April, 1864. Killed 24th June, 1864.

(5) W. J. Altman, August, 1864.

Second-Lieutenant.

(1) H. M. Cannon. (See above.)

(2) D. Shelly, 7th December, 1862. Resigned December, 1862.

(3) J. H. Jarrott, died June, 1863.

(4) H. J. Chappell. (See above.)

(5) W. J. Altman, June, 1863. (See above.)

(6) H. M. Cannon (former first-lieutenant re-elected.)

Junior Second-Lieutenant.

(1) O. B. Jordan, 8th January, 1862. Resigned 1st May, 1862.

(2) D. Shelly. (See above.)

(3) J. H. Jarrott. (See above.)

(4) H. J. Chappell. (See above.)

(5) W. J. Altman. (See above.)

(6) H. M. Cannon. (See above.)

(7) Vacant.

COMPANY K.

Captain.

(1) J. W. Owens, 8th June, 1862. Killed 15th May, 1864.

(2) E. B. Green, 15th May, 1864.

First-Lieutenant.

(1) C. L. Sandsberry, 8th January, 1862. Killed 16th May, 1864.

(2) H. J. Clifton, 16th May, 1864.

Second-Lieutenant.

(1) E. B. Green. (See above.)

(2) Vacant.

Junior Second-Lieutenant.

(1) H. J. Clifton. (See above.)

(2) Vacant.

COMPANY L.

Captain.

(1) N. C. McDuffie, 8th January, 1862. Resigned November, 1862.

(2) H. Legett, 7th December, 1862. Died 2d July, 1864.

(3) W. B. Baker, September, 1864.

First-Lieutenant.

(1) H. Legett, 8th January, 1862. (See above.)

(2) W. B. Baker, 7th December, 1862. (See above.)

(3) W. D. Woodberry, 20th September, 1864.

Second-Lieutenant.

(1) W. B. Baker, 8th January, 1862. (See above.)

(2) E. L. Sweat, 7th December, 1862. Dropped 7th July, 1864.

(3) W. D. Woodberry, 7th July, 1864. (See above.)

(4) Vacant.

Junior Second-Lieutenant.

(1) E. L. Sweat. (See above.)

(2) W. D. Woodberry. (See above.)

(3) Vacant.

TWENTY-FIFTH SOUTH CAROLINA REGIMENT.

Mustered Into Confederate Service 22d July, 1862.

FIELD OFFICERS.

Colonel.

(1) C. H. Simonton, 22d July, 1862.

Lieutenant-Colonel.

(1) John G. Pressly, 22d July, 1862. Disabled by wounds 7th May, 1864.

Major.

(1) John V. Glover, 22d July, 1862. Died from wounds 19th June, 1864.

(2) Vacant.

STAFF.

Surgeon.

(1) W. C. Ravenel, 24th May, 1862.

Assistant Surgeon.

(1) J. M. Warren. Transferred.

(2) A. J. Beale. Transferred.

(3) A. G. Bradley, 13th July, 1864.

Chaplain.

(1) A. T. Porter. Resigned.

(2) E. C. Winkler. Transferred.

(3) A. F. Dickson. Resigned September, 1864.

(4) Vacant.

Assistant Quartermaster.

(1) J. E. Adger. Transferred to brigade staff July, 1864, (office abolished).

Adjutant.

(1) George H. Moffet, 30th July, 1862. Transferred to brigade staff
July, 1864.

COMPANY A.

Captain.

(1) James N. Carson, 30th July, 1862.

First-Lieutenant.

(1) H. B. Olney, 30th April, 1862.

Second-Lieutenant.

(1) W. W. Finley, 30th April, 1862. Resigned July, 1863.

(2) James A. Ross, 30th April, 1862. Killed 21st August, 1864.

Junior Second-Lieutenant.

(1) W. W. Finley. (See above.)

(2) James A. Ross. (See above.)

(3) J. S. Hannahan. Transferred.

COMPANY B.

Captain.

(1) E. W. Lloyd, 24th February, 1862. Retired 22d August, 1864.

First-Lieutenant.

(1) Robert A. Blum, 24th February, 1862. Killed 5th September, 1863.

(2) G. S. Burges, second-lieutenant (junior) 24th February, 1862; second-lieutenant
September, 1863. First-lieutenant same date. Retired
29th November, 1864.

(3) H. J. Greer, junior second-lieutenant 22d November, 1864. Second-lieutenant
same day. First-lieutenant 29th November, 1864.

Second-Lieutenant.

(1) R. W. Greer, 24th February, 1862. Killed 16th June, 1862.

(2) J. S. Burges. (See above.)

(3) R. M. Taft, 20th June, 1862. Killed 16th May, 1864.

(4) J. S. Hannahan. Transferred 29th November, 1864.

(5) H. G. Greer. (See above.)

(6) Vacant.

Junior Second-Lieutenant.

(1) S. J. Burges. (See above.)

(2) Robert M. Taft. ( See above.)

(3) J. E. Bomar, 15th September, 1863. Killed 16th May, 1864.

(4) J. S. Hannahan. (See above.)

(5) H. G. Greer. (See above.)

(6) Vacant.

COMPANY C.

Captain.

(1) John G. Pressley, 5th September, 1861. Promoted lieutenant-colonel.

(2) Thomas J. China, 30th April, 1862. Killed 18th May, 1864.

(3) Calhoun Logan, 18th May, 1864.

First-Lieutenant.

(1) T. J. China, 5th September, 1861. (See above.)

(2) Calhoun Logan, 30th April, 1862. (See above.)

(3) S. J. Montgomery, 18th May, 1864.

Second-Lieutenant.

(1) Calhoun Logan, 30th April, 1862. (See above.)

(2) H. Montgomery, Jr., 5th September, 1861. Killed 5th September,
1863.

(3) B. P. Brockington, 1st May, 1862. Resigned June 26, 1864.

(4) S. J. Montgomery, 19th September, 1863. (See above.)

(5) J. R. China, 26th June, 1864. (See above.)

(6) Vacant.

COMPANY D.

Captain.

(1) W. J. McKerrall, 15th April, 1862.

First-Lieutenant.

(1) J. G. Haselton, 15th April, 1862. Resigned 19th September, 1863.

(2) D. J. McKay, 19th September, 1863.

Second-Lieutenant.

(1) D. J. McKay, 15th April, 1862. (See above.)

(2) P. P. Bethea, 19th September, 1863. Killed 21st August, 1864.

(3) M. L. Smith, 5th October, 1863.

Junior Second-Lieutenant.

(1) P. P. Bethea, 15th April, 1862. (See above.)

(2) M. L. Smith, 5th October, 1863. (See above.)

(3) N. D. Currie, 27th November, 1864.

COMPANY E.

Captain.

(1) R. D. White, 22d February, 1862. Resigned 3d September, 1862.

(2) N. B. Mazyck, 3d September, 1862.

First-Lieutenant.

(1) N. B. Mazyck, 22d February, 1862. (See above.)

(2) A. J. Mims, 3d September, 1862.

Second-Lieutenant.

(1) M. W. Bythwood, 22d February, 1862. Resigned 3d September, 1862.

(2) A. J. Mims, 22d February, 1862. (See above.)

(3) V. Due, 10th September, 1862.

Junior Second-Lieutenant.

(1) A. J. Mims. (See above.)

(2) V. Due. (See above.)

(3) F. E. Denbee, 13th September, 1862. Resigned 17th February, 1863.

(4) Geo. M. Lalane, 17th February, 1863. Died May, 1864.

(5) John E. Prince, 22d November, 1864.

COMPANY F.

Captain.

(1) J. D. Collier, 22d August, 1861. Died October, 1861.

(2) J. W. Sellers, October, 1861. Resigned 10th April, 1862.

(3) M. H. Sellers, 11th April, 1862. Killed 21st August, 1864.

(4) L. A. Harper, 4th August, 1864.

First-Lieutenant.

(1) J. W. Sellers. (See above.)

(2) L. A. Harper. (See above.)

(3) E. H. Holman, 21st August, 1864. Transferred.

Second-Lieutenant.

(1) E. H. Holman. (See above.)

(2) O. M. Dantzler, promoted lieutenant-colonel Keitt's regiment.

(3) M. H. Sellers. (See above.)

(4) John G. Evans, 11th April, 1862. Killed 21st August, 1864.

Junior Second-Lieutenant.

(1) O. M. Dantzler. (See above.)

(2) M. H. Sellers. (See above.)

(3) L. P. Collier, December, 1861. Resigned 10th April, 1862.

(4) F. E. Shuler, 10th April, 1862. Killed 16th May, 1864.

(5) M. W. Wise, 11th November, 1864.

COMPANY G.

Captain.

(1) John V. Glover, 7th February, 1861. Promoted major.

(2) James F. Izlar, 22d July, 1862.

First-Lieutenant.

(1) James F. Izlar, 15th August, 1861. (See above.)

(2) S. N. Kennerly, 22d July, 1862. Killed 21st August, 1864.

Second-Lieutenant.

(1) S. N. Kennerly, 15th August, 1861. (See above.)

(2) Samuel Dibble, 23d August, 1862.

Junior Second-Lieutenant.

(1) Samuel Dibble, 23d August, 1861. (See above.)

(2) Geo. H. Elliott, 26th July, 1862. Killed 16th May, 1864.

(3) Joseph Graves, 22d November, 1864.

COMPANY H.

Captain.

(1) S. Leroy Hammond, 26th May, 1862. Killed 9th May, 1864.

(2) W. H. Bartless, 21st May, 1864.

First-Lieutenant.

(1) W. H. Seabrook, 26th May, 1862. Killed 21st May, 1864.

Second-Lieutenant.

(1) F. G. Hammond, 26th May, 1862. Killed 9th May, 1864.

Junior Second-Lieutenant.

(1) F. C. Jacobs, 26th May, 1861. Resigned 30th April, 1862.

(2) J. T. Ramsey, June, 1863. Resigned 19th February, 1864.

(3) W. H. Bartless, 27th February, 1864. (See above.)

(4) E. W. Rush, 18th November, 1864.

COMPANY I.

Captain.

(1) E. N. Plowden, 1st January, 1862. Resigned 1st May, 1862.

(2) Y. N. Butler, 1st May, 1862. Resigned 1st June, 1863.

(3) James C. Burgess, 17th June, 1863. Retired 29th August, 1864.

(4) J. J. Logan, 29th August, 1864.

First-Lieutenant.

(1) Y. N. Butler, 1st January, 1862. (See above.)

(2) James C. Burgess, 1st May, 1862. (See above.)

(3) J. J. Logan, 29th August, 1864. (See above.)

(4) F. B. Brown, 29th August, 1864.

Second-Lieutenant.

(1) James C. Burgess, 1st January, 1862. (See above.)

(2) J. J. Logan, 1st May, 1862. (See above.)

(3) F. B. Brown, 29th August, 1864. (See above.)

(4) R. F. Felder.

Junior Second-Lieutenant.

(1) E. R. Plowden, 1st January, 1862. Resigned 1st May, 1862.

(2) F. B. Brown, 1st May, 1862. (See above.)

(3) R. F. Felder, 17th January, 1863. (See above.)

COMPANY K.

Captain.

(1) W. B. Gordon, December 29, 1861. Killed 4th August, 1864.

(2) E. R. Lesesne, 21st August, 1864.

First-Lieutenant.

(1) F. J. Lesesne, 29th December, 1861. Killed 9th May, 1864.

(2) Charles Lesesne, 21st August, 1864.

Second-Lieutenant.

(1) G. N. McDonald, 29th December, 1861. Killed 10th September, 1863.

(2) E. R. Lesesne, 29th December, 1861. (See above.)

(3) W. Salters, 22d November, 1864.

Junior Second-Lieutenant.

(1) E. R. Lesesne. (See above.)

(2) Charles Lesesne. (See above.)

(3) Vacant.

TWENTY-SEVENTH SOUTH CAROLINA REGIMENT.
FIELD OFFICERS.

Colonel.

(1) P. C. Gailliard, major Charleston battalion April, 1862. Colonel 27th
October, 1863.

Lieutenant-Colonel.

(1) J. A. Blake, 2d October, 1863.

(2) Major Joseph Abney, 2d October, 1863 (previously major First battalion
sharpshooters).

STAFF.

Surgeon.

(1) J. L. Pressly, 2d October, 1863.

Assistant Surgeon.

(1) James P. Cain, 2d October, 1863.

Assistant Quartermaster.

(1) R. P. Smith, August, 1863. Resigned, 1864.

Adjutant.

(1) W. Mason Smith, killed April, 1864.

(2) A. D. Simons, 1864, (18th April).

COMPANY A.

Captain.

(1) F. T. Miles, 17th February, 1862. Resigned 18th April, 1864.

(2) B. W. Palmer, 18th April, 1864. Killed June, 1864.

(3) J. W. Axson, 16th June, 1864. Killed 24th June, 1864.

(4) Vacant.

First-Lieutenant.

(1) B. W. Palmer, 17th February, 1862. (See above.)

(2) J. W. Axson, 18th April, 1864. (See above.)

(3) Vacant.

Second-Lieutenant.

(1) J. W. Axson, 17th February, 1862. (See above.)

(2) J. M. Easterby, 18th April, 1864. Retired July, 1864.

(3) Vacant.

Junior Second-Lieutenant.

(1) John M. Easterby, 17th February, 1862. (See above.)

(2) Vacant.

COMPANY B.

Captain.

(1) Thos. Y. Simons, Jr., 17th February, 1862.

First-Lieutenant.

(1) Wm. Clarkson, 17th February, 1862.

Second-Lieutenant.

(1) Wm. Sinkler, 17th February, 1862.

Junior Second-Lieutenant.

(1) A. H. Masterman, 17th February, 1862. Killed 16th April, 1862.

(2) A. W. Muckenfuss, 16th April, 1862.

COMPANY C.

Captain.

(1) David Ramsey, 17th February, 1862. Killed 18th August, 1863.

(2) Samuel Lord, Jr., 18th August, 1863. Resigned 26th January, 1864.

(3) George Brown, 26th January, 1864. Killed 22d June, 1864.

(4) Vacant.

First-Lieutenant.

(1) Samuel Lord, 17th February, 1862. (See above.)

(2) George Brown, 18th August, 1863. (See above.)

(3) James Campbell, 26th January, 1864.

Second-Lieutenant.

(1) George Brown, 17th February, 1862. (See above.)

(2) Henry Walker, April, 1862. Killed July, 1862.

(3) James Campbell, July, 1862. (See above.)

(4) H. W. Hendricks, January, 1864.

Junior Second-Lieutenant.

(1) Henry Walker, 17th February, 1862. (See above.)

(2) James Campbell, 16th June, 1862. (See above.)

(3) H. W. Hendricks, July, 1862. (See above.)

(4) George B. Gelling, January, 1864. Killed June, 1864.

(5) Vacant.

COMPANY D.

Captain.

(1) Henry C. King, 17th February, 1862. Killed 16th June, 1862.

(2) J. Ward Hopkins, 16th June, 1862. Killed 16th June, 1864.

(3) J. A. Cay, 16th June, 1864.

First-Lieutenant.

(1) J. Ward Hopkins, 17th February, 1862. (See above.)

(2) B. J. Barbot, 16th June, 1862. Resigned August, 1862.

(3) J. A. Cay, August, 1862. (See above.)

(4) J. T. Wells, June, 1864. Retired November, 1864.

(5) Vacant.

Second-Lieutenant.

(1) J. J. Edwards, 17th February, 1862. Killed 16th June, 1862

(2) J. A. Cay, 16th June, 1862. (See above.)

(3) A. St. John Lance, August, 1862. Killed 15th June, 1864.

(4) J. T. Wells, 15th June, 1864. (See above.)

(5) C. M. Hopkins, September, 1864.

Junior Second-Lieutenant.

(1) B. J. Barbot. (See above.)

(2) A. St. John Lance. (See above.)

(3) J. T. Wells. (See above.)

(4) Vacant.

COMPANY E.

Captain.

(1) R. Chisholm, October, 1862.

First-Lieutenant.

(1) S. R. Proctor, 1st July, 1862.

Second-Lieutenant.

(1) F. J. Dunovant, 3d July, 1862. Resigned October, 1862.

(2) T. B. Crooker, October, 1862.

Junior Second-Lieutenant.

(1) J. G. Guignard, 23d June, 1862. Resigned October, 1863.

(2) S. M. Kemmerlin, October, 1863.

COMPANY F.

Captain.

(1) Joseph Blythe Alston, 1st July, 1862.

First-Lieutenant.

(1) J. G. Hugenin, 2d July, 1862.

Second-Lieutenant.

(1) M. Stewart, 3d July, 1862.

Junior Second-Lieutenant.

(1) E. P. Cater, 3d July, 1862. Dropped 1864.

COMPANY G.

Captain.

(1) Henry Buist, 30th June, 1862.

First-Lieutenant.

(1) E. H. Holman, 1st July, 1862.

Second-Lieutenant.

(1) Charles J. McBeth, 2d July, 1862.

Junior Second-Lieutenant.

(1) A. B. White, July, 1862.

COMPANY H.

Captain.

(1) Edward Magrath, 17th February, 1862. Resigned April, 1862.

(2) W. H. Ryan, April, 1862. Killed 18th July, 1863.

(3) James M. Mulraney, 18th July, 1863.

First-Lieutenant.

(1) Wm. H. Ryan, 17th February, 1862. (See above.)

(2) James M. Mulraney, April, 1862. (See above.)

(3) A. E. Allemony, 11th July, 1863. Killed 19th June, 1864.

(4) Vacant.

Second-Lieutenant.

(1) James M. Mulraney, 17th February, 1862. (See above.)

(2) A. E. Allemony, April, 1862. (See above.)

(3) John Burke, April, 1863. Retired.

(4) P. R. Hogan, April, 1864.

Junior Second-Lieutenant.

(1) A. E. Allemony, 17th February, 1862. (See above.)

(2) John Burke, August, 1863. (See above.)

(3) P. R. Hogan, August, 1864. (See above.)

(4) J. F. Preston, November, 1864.

COMPANY I.

Captain.

(1) Julius A. Blake, 17th February, 1862. See field officers.

(2) W. D. Walters, August, 1863.

First-Lieutenant.

(1) W. D. Walters, 17th February, 1862. (See above.)

(2) F. C. Lynch, August, 1862. Died October, 1863.

(3) J. C. Salters, October, 1863.

Second-Lieutenant.

(1) F. C. Lynch, 17th February, 1862. (See above.)

(2) J. C. Salters, August, 1863. (See above.)

(3) W. J. Trim, 14th August, 1863.

Junior Second-Lieutenant.

(1) J. C. Salters, 17th February, 1862. (See above.)

(2) W. J. Trim, 14th August, 1863. (See above.)

(3) R. B. Seay, October, 1863. Died 15th May, 1864.

(4) A. G. Cudworth, January, 1865.

COMPANY K.

Captain.

(1) W. Clarkson, September, 1863.

First-Lieutenant.

(1) J. B. Gardiner, August, 1863. Killed 9th September, 1863.

(2) J. G. Harris, 9th September, 1863.

Second-Lieutenant.

(1) J. G. Harris, 14th August, 1863. (See above.)

(2) A. D. Simons, October, 1863.

Junior Second-Lieutenant.

(1) A. D. Simons, 14th August, 1863. (See above.)

(2) R. B. Seay, 14th August, 1863. Died 15th May, 1864.

This company was organized in 1863 by an order from General Beauregard's
headquarters, and served as such until the summer of 1864. It was
then, by an order of the War Department, disbanded on account of some
irregularity in its organization. The men were distributed and the officers
provided for. The regiment afterwards had but nine companies.

EDITOR'S APPENDIX

COMPANY A, 21ST REGIMENT, INFANTRY.

                                             

Read, J. Harleston	Captain
Ford, Thomas	Captain
Fitzsimons, Paul	First Lieutenant
Read, J. Harleston, Jr.	First Lieutenant
Ford, William Rees	Second Lieutenant
Wiggins, C.	Third Lieutenant
Ford, John	First Sergeant
Powers, John J.	First Sergeant
Bath, Thomas	Second Sergeant
Avant, Jerry R.	Third Sergeant
Goude, Francis M.	Fourth Sergeant
Goude, Matthew	Fourth Sergeant
Grier, G. Benjamin	Fifth Sergeant
Avant, Samuel	Fifth Sergeant
Cohen, Jacob B.	Fifth Sergeant
Cribb, Henry	First Corporal
Vaux, Robert W.	First Corporal
Owens, John	Second Corporal
Peal, Daniel	Second Corporal
Owens, Daniel	Third Corporal
Goude, Stevens	Third Corporal
Etheridge, Isaac J.	Fourth Corporal
Cumbie, Daniel C.	Fourth Corporal

Privates.

• Ackerman, James

• Altman, James

• Bone, Benjamin J.

• Bone, David

• Cribb, Alex. F.

• Cribb, A. Jack

• Cribb, John

• Cribb, Benjamin

• Cribb, Italy

• Cribb, John F.

• Cribb, John

• Cribb, Thomas J.

• Cribb, Wesley

• Cribb, William L.

• Cribb, Frank

• Cartwright, Samuel

• Carlisles, F. P.

• Collins, Grier B.

• Currie, W. Thomas

• Cumbie, Elias

• Cumbie, Moses S.

• Carter, George

• Cribb, Emanuel

• Elliott, Washington F.

• Exum, Zack J.

• Fenters, Thomas J.

• Gradeless, David

• Garrett, Wesley

• Goude, John

• Goude, Jos.

• Grier, Samuel J.

• Grier, T. Coke

• Grier, T. B.

• Grier, W. Kennedy

• Grouter, John

• Griggs, Martin

• Hathaway, Sam'l

• Hamlin, Joseph

• Harrelson, Frank

---

399





• Heyward, James

• Hinson, John

• Holliday, Henry

• Howard, Joseph A.

• Hunt, J. Eneas

• Jacobs, A. Jack

• Jacobs, James S.

• Jacobs, N. L.

• King, Simeon

• Keily, William

• Lewis, Daniel M.

• Mace, James C.

• Miller, E. John

• Miller, Clayton

• Miller, B. Taylor

• Moore, David D.

• Moore, Ebenezer

• Moore, John J.

• Moore, John

• Morgan, Isaac

• Myers, Nicholas

• Moore, Robert

• Moore, Samuel

• Nealey, Robert

• Nichols, Frank

• Owens, Leonard

• Owens, Jesse

• Owens, Elisha

• Owens, Sam

• Owens, Thomas

• Owens, William

• Owens, William W.

• Palmer, Asa B.

• Phillips, John

• Phillips, Nelson

• Powers, Barfield

• Powers, John H.

• Powers, James

• Powers, Gaidi

• Powers, Levi

• Philips, E.

• Rawls, James L.

• Rhames, Nathaniel

• Rogers, James H.

• Rowe, Jerry

• Rowe, Steven

• Roberts, William

• Sanders, Ephraim

• Sanders, George E.

• Skipper, Allen

• Skipper, Timothy

• Skipper, Sam

• Stokes, Ezander

• Smith, Jordan

• Springs, William

• Turner, Jesse

• Tavean, Augustus

• West, John M.

• Williams, Wilson G.

• Williams, James R.

• Webb, T. T.

COMPANY B, 21ST REGIMENT, INFANTRY.

                                                 

Wilds, Samuel H.	Captain
Milling, David C.	First Lieutenant
Hart, John L.	First Lieutenant
Clements, John C.	First Lieutenant
King, John W.	Second Lieutenant
Cannon, Theo. J.	Second Lieutenant
Dargan, Zimmerman T.	Second Lieutenant
Dargan, Alonzo T.	Brevet Lieutenant
Dargan, George W.	First Sergeant
Stuckey, Edmund	First Sergeant
Fountain, Wm. A.	Second Sergeant
Morse, Geo. W.	Sergeant
McCall, J. Muldrow	Sergeant
King, J. P. Z.	Sergeant
Williamson, J. Wilds	Sergeant
Du Bose, Alfred	Sergeant
Frierson, James M.	Sergeant
Crawford, H. L.	Sergeant
Hepburn, Clem C.	Sergeant
Watford, L. E.	Corporal
Fruitt, Pinckney	Corporal
Beck, Caleb	Corporal
Fountain, James C.	Corporal
King, T. Preston	Corporal
Kelley, James	Corporal

Privates.

• Abraham, I.

• Burch, J. Blackwell

• Byrd, E. J. C.

• Beasley, David

• Barnes, Hubbard

• Bass, Jesse

• Beasely, Ivy

• Best, George

• Beasely, I. M.

• Beck, William

• Backus, John A.

• Bryant, William

• Bryant, W.

• Beasley, J. Wesley

• Bryant, Jesse

• Bryant, Jefferson

• Barnes, William

• Blackman, Wade

• Blackman, Henry

• Bryant, Gray

• Collins, Joseph E.

• Cohen, Isaac

• Coats, James P.

• Coggeshall, Peter C.

• Cole, Wm.

• Du Bose, Theo.

• Du Bose, Henry K.

• Du Bose, Edward C.

• Dozier, Frank

• Dargan, J. Furman

• Dozier, Peter C.

• Ellis, James

• Ellis, Wesley

• Fountain, William J.

• Fields, James

• Fields, Wesley

• Fields, Bartholomew

• Frazier, John

• Frazier, Wm. B.

• Frazier, Charles

• Flowers, Andrew

• Flowers, Wesley

• Gandy, Ephraim

• Goodson, Joshua

• Galloway, George

• Galloway, James

• Galloway, James E.

• Gee, John

• Garner, Alex

• Galloway, Emory

• Heath, Andrew

• Hagood, Robert

• Harllee, Thomas H.

• Harrell, Joel E.

• Harrell, S. Miller

• Harrell, James

• Isgette, Allison

• Johnson, James T.

• Kelly, Harrison

• Kelly, Ladson

• Kelly, Wesley

• Kelly, Wiley

• King, Scarboro W.

• King, John W.

• Lewis, Zack

• Law, Augustus E.

• Lunn, Thos. E.

• Lide, Hugh R.

• McDonald, Wm.

• Moore, Frank

• Moore, James

• Mowry, Peter R.

• McIlveen, John

• McCall, J. De Witt

• McCall, G. Walter

• Muldro, Elihu

• McCall, Geo. W.

• McLendon, Kinnon

• Northcutt, Travis

• Northcutt, John W.

• Northcutt, William

• Northcutt, Abraham

• Oats, Jas. P.

• Player, Wm. A.

• Parrott, J. Perry

• Parrott, John

• Parrott, James

• Parrott, Samuel

• Parrott, Frank

• Parrott, Jesse K.

• Parrott, George

• Parnell, Robert

• Parnell, Thomas

• Register, Ira

• Register, James

• Rhodes, J. Burt

• Rhodes, Joseph

• Rhodes, Ashton

• Rugg, R. P.

• Smith, Monroe

• Stewart, Wm. F.

• Stewart, Samuel

• Stuckey, Hardy

• Snipes, John

• Stokes, W. F.

• Stokes, Joseph

• Sanders, H. E. P.

• Sanders, James N.

• Truitt, Amos

• Williamson, Edwin P.

• White, Hugh B.

• White, James A.

• Witherspoon, J. Boyd

• Yarborough, Thos.

• Zimmerman, Dozier P.

• Barnes, Hubbard

• Blackman, James

• Blackwell, Jas.

• Blackwell, Henry

• Galloway, Chap.

• Gregg, Thomas

• Grantham, John J.

• Hill, Eli

• Kelly, Thomas

• Kelly, David

• McKenzie, William

• Nichols, Duncan

• Rhodes, Jno. J.

• Rhodes, Wm. E.

• Teel, James

• Williamson, Frank

• Walker, Jesse

• Warr, J. J.

• Warr, J. R.

COMPANY D, 21ST REGIMENT, INFANTRY.

                                               

Tarr, Milford G.	Captain
McIver, George W.	First Lientenant
Sanders, Samuel D.	First Lieutenant
Lynch, Hugh P.	Second Lieutenant
Villeneuve, Jos. H.	Third Lieutenant
Campbell, J. C.	First Sergeant
Wilson, Alexander J.	Sergeant
Patrick, J. M.	Sergeant
White, Evander F.	Sergeant
Vanderford, Alonzo	Sergeant
Graffts, C. N.	Sergeant
Wicker, Rufus W.	Sergeant
Bryan, William D.	Sergeant
Ousley, H. C.	Sergeant
Grimsley, Wesley E.	Corporal
Williams, Alex H.	Corporal
Chapman, B. F.	Corporal
Powe, J. E.	Corporal
Eddings, James	Corporal
Campbell, H. B.	Corporal
Powell, Willis A.	Corporal
Smothers, A.	Corporal
Graffts, Charles A.	Corporal
White, Ellison S.	Corporal

Privates.

• Atkinson, Alexander

• Atkinson, J.

• Atkinson, Jas. S. T.

• Atkinson, William

• Atkinson, R.

• Braddock, Ellerbe

• Braddock, Franklyn

• Braddock, John

• Braddock, Joseph

• Braddock, George

• Braddock, Ralph

• Braddock, Thomas

• Benton, E.

• Brock, Calvin

• Brock, Thomas

• Brown, J. D.

• Chapman, Calvin E.

• Coker, Caleb

• Coker, Thomas L.

• Cross, Thomas

• Crawford, John T.

• Campbell, John

• Cross, Randall

• Curry, John C.

• Croley, Wm. H.

• Campion, B. Franklin

• Dixon, Archibald

• Dixon, Charles

• Dixon, James

• Dixon, Daniel

• Dixon, C. P.

• Dozier, James W.

• Driggers, H. C.

• Driggers, Rilah

• Edwards, Alexander

• Edwards, Alexander

• Edwards, J. V.

• Edwards, Edward

• Edwards, A. H.

• Edwards, Franklin

• Edwards, John

• Edwards, John H.

• Edwards, Joseph C.

• Ellerbe, A. W.

• Freeman, Chapman

• Freeman, Irvine

• Freeman, Hamilton

• Freeman, John

• Freeman, William

• Goodwin, Alexander

• Goodwin, William T.

• Goodwin, Samuel

• Grant, John

• Grant, Rilah

• Grant, William

• Grant, Thomas

• Gulledge, John

---

402





• Head, Robinson

• Hainey, Benjamin

• Hatchell, W. H.

• Huggins, John L.

• Huggins, S.

• Johnson, John W.

• Kirvin, G. W.

• Lide, Robert T.

• McIver, David R. W.

• McLaughlin, Alex.

• Ousley, J. H.

• Outlaw, Edward

• Patrick, James M.

• Patrick, John C.

• Patrick, Eli

• Parker, Richard

• Parker, Calvin

• Pelletier, L. L.

• Polk, John B.

• Porter, D. J.

• Polson, James H.

• Powe, Ellerbe F.

• Powe, James F.

• Powe, Joseph E.

• Pressley, William

• Richardson, Asa

• Robbins, Henry

• Roler, William

• Rushing, Elijah

• Rye, W. W.

• Scarboro, William

• Smith; W. A.

• Talbot, Andrew

• Teal, W.

• Terry, Champ. P.

• Thomas, J. T.

• Thomas, J. H.

• Thompson, Samuel D.

• Thompson, W.

• Turnage, William A.

• Turnage, William H.

• Watson, David

• Watson, John

• Wade, W. E.

• Wetherford, John

• Wicker, W. R.

• Wilkes, Joseph

• Williams, A. H.

• Winburn, William

• Wise, Charles J.

• Yarborough, Geo. H.

• Yarborough, Moses C.

• Yarborough, William C.

• Yarborough, L.

COMPANY E, 21ST INFANTRY.

                               

Davis, B. T.	Captain
Davis, A. W.	Captain
Craig, John A.	Lieutenant
Freeman, Jesse	Lieutenant
Craig, Alex. P.	Lieutenant
Wilkes, Thos. W.	Lieutenant
Rivers, Fred	Lieutenant
Knight, Moses E.	Sergeant
Wilkes, A. M.	Sergeant
Oliver, Wm. P.	Sergeant
Boan, Archie A.	Sergeant
Wadsworth, Lewis H.	Corporal
Douglass, Duncan D.	Corporal
Johnson, Nelson	Corporal
Craig, William D.	Corporal
Boan, Archie E.	Corporal

Privates.

• Allan, Robert A.

• Alexander, Benjamin F.

• Boan, Charles D.

• Boan, Richard J.

• Boan, Matthew

• Boan, James D.

• Boan, John

• Boan, Daniel

• Burr, Alston

• Burr, Jacob

• Burr, Burrell

• Brown, Stephen

• Brown, William

• Brown, Wilson

• Brown, Wilson, Jr.

• Brown, John B.

• Brown, James

• Brown, Valentine T.

• Bachelor, Joel

• Cato, Henry

• Cato, John

• Cassidy, Andrew J.

• Cross, William

• Cross, William F.

---

403





• Cross, Henry

• Crowley, Mally

• Crowley, Andrew J.

• Coley, E. B.

• Davis, John W.

• Davis, Elisha

• Davis, Thomas P.

• Davis, Thomas F.

• Davis, William A.

• Davis, Wm. B., Jr.

• Davis, John F.

• Davis, Wm. R.

• Dickson, John W.

• Dickson, Richard

• Dickson, William

• Dickson, Samuel

• Dickson, Elias

• Dixon, Henry

• Edwards, B. Frank

• Ellis, Archibald

• Elliott, Franklin

• Freeman, William

• Freeman, Lewis L.

• Freeman, John

• Gardner, John

• Gainey, Green

• Gainey, George

• Gainey, William

• Gandy, Ephraim

• Huggins, John C.

• Huggins, Nathan

• Huggins, Jacob

• Huggins, John

• Huggins, Solomon

• Jordan, William

• Jordan, William C. A.

• Jordan, Richard

• Jordan, Thomas M.

• Jordan, John

• Jordan, Allan

• Jordan, J. Henry

• Jordan, Wm. E.

• Jordan, Alex, Sr.

• Jordan, Alex, Jr.

• Johnson, Henry

• Johnson, John R.

• Johnson, Wesley

• Jones, John

• Jones, William

• Keith, Abel

• Kesiah, John H. M.

• Lisenby, Samuel

• Langley, William

• Langley, John B.

• Langley, Robert

• Levi, A.

• McFarland, Archibald

• McFarland, Duncan

• McLean, John J.

• McLean, John P.

• Merriman, Burrell

• Odom, William

• Odom, J. Kelly

• Odom, Morgan C. T.

• Odom, Gillam

• Odom, Elisha

• Oliver, Steven

• Parker, James

• Parker, Badgegood

• Perkins, James F.

• Purvis, James

• Purvis, William

• Purvis, John

• Purvis, Alex.

• Polson, Amos

• Polson, John

• Polson, Robert

• Polk, Robert

• Polk, James

• Perdue, Archibald

• Perdue, Colleton

• Roscoe, Joseph F.

• Rickett, William

• Rivers, Mark

• Tarlton, Andrew J.

• Turnage, Robert B.

• Turnage, James P.

• Teal, William W.

• Teal, T. Benj.

• Teal, David R.

• Teal, William

• Talbert, Archibald

• White, Hosea

• Wilkes, Daniel

• Young, Jeremiah B.

COMPANY F, 21ST REGIMENT, INFANTY.

                                             

Thomas, J. Alexander W.	Captain
Leggett, William L.	First Lieutenant
Easterling, Nelson A.	First Lieutenant
Townsend, Robert E.	First Lieutenant
Cook, William D.	Second Lieutenant
Hamer, Phillip M.	First Sergeant
Moore, John R.	First Sergeant
Easterling, Andrew B.	Second Sergeant
McCaskill, Neal C.	Second Sergeant
Adams, William F.	Second Sergeant
Easterling, Jesse	Third Sergeant
Odom, William B.	Third Sergeant
Lester, Thomas C.	Fourth Sergeant
Quick, Herbert T.	Fourth Sergeant
Feagan, Edward J.	Fourth Sergeant
McIntyre, John T.	Sergeant-Major
Moore, Alfred W.	First Corporal
Gibson, James M.	Second Corporal
Hamer, Robert H.	Third Corporal
Stubbs, D. Derrick	Third Corporal
St. Clair, Duncan M.	Fourth Corporal
Easterling, George W.	Fourth Corporal
Newton, David D.	Fourth Corporal

Privates.

• Adams, Joshua D.

• Adams, John R.

• Adams, William L.

• Anderson, John G.

• Anderson, William T.

• Barrington, Peter

• Barrington, Phillip

• Barrentine, William

• Bennett, Frank

• Bennett, Thomas

• Bowen, Charles

• Bowen, Frank L.

• Bigman, George

• Bristow, David M.

• Bristow, Robert N.

• Bristow, Wiley J.

• Bundy, G. Washington

• Butler, Elijah

• Butler, William, Sr.

• Butler, William, Jr.

• Calder, John D.

• Calder, Stanford

• Cottingham, Twiman

• Covington, Abijah B.

• Covington, Alfred D.

• Creech, David L.

• Clark, Archie

• Clark, John

• Cummings, Elisha

• Coward, John H.

• Currie, Neal R.

• David, William J.

• Dial, Jacob

• Dunn, William

• Dunn, Thomas

• Easterling, A. Jackson

• Easterling, Harris R.

• Easterling, Joel A.

• Easterling, John A.

• Easterling, William L.

• Easterling, William T.

• Easterling, John L.

• Easterling, James J.

• Fields, Silas

• Fletcher, Thomas

• Gay, P. W.

• Gibson, Andrew H.

• Guin, George

• Grice, Ephraim G.

• Hamer, Abner C.

• Hamer, Charles H.

• Hamer, Elijah C.

• Hamer, James C.

• Hamer, Thomas C.

• Haywood, Anderson

• Haywood, Isham

• Haywood, William

• Herndon, Dave

• Hewstiss, George Washington

• Howard, John

• Hudson, Joshua H.

• Jacobs, Snowden

• Jacobs, B. L.

• Johnson, Wm. D. Chandler

• Leggett, A. J.

• Locklear, Alexander

• Locklear, Sandy

• Manship, Aaron

• McCall, John N.

• McDaniel, Ira W.

• McKenzie, Joseph C.

• McInague, John R.

• Moore, Benjamin J.

• Nelson, Erwin

• Newton, John C.

• Odom, D. A.

• Odom, S. Durant

• Odom, Henry

• Odom, James E.

• Odom, Samuel E.

• Owens, John

• Pate, Willis

• Pate, Alfred D.

• Peel, Eli T.

• Peel, Thomas

• Polson, William

• Powers, Erwin

• Quick, Angus

• Quick, Henry

• Quick, Jno. B.

• Roscoe, Alexander H.

• Roscoe, William M.

• Scott, Wash.

• Smith, Cholson

• Spears, James A.

• Steen, Allen

• Stephens, James E.

---

405





• Stephens, Reuben

• Stogner, William

• Stogner, Thomas

• Stubbs, David

• Stubbs, Albert A.

• Stubbs, Campbell E.

• Stubbs, John B.

• Stubbs, Samuel F.

• Stubbs, Maston W.

• Stubbs, Thomas E.

• Stubbs, Thoroughgood
  P.

• Tait, William J.

• Terrell, William T.

• Thomas, Joseph

• Turnage, Luke

• Usher, M.

• Walters, Reuben

• Wallace, Thomas G.

• Weathersford, James

• Williams, Henry

• Williams, Samuel

• Willis, Allen

• Wise, William W.

• Woodall, Ransom

• Williams, John

COMPANY G, 21ST REGIMENT, INFANTRY.

                                   

Stockton, E. C.	Captain
Dickenson, Robert	Captain
Reddy, R. W.	Captain
Dove, J. Calhoun	Second Lieutenant
Woodward, James M.	Second Lieutenant
Bevil, W. A.	Second Lieutenant
Bowles, Peter	Second Lieutenant
Boyle, John	Second Lieutenant
Hudson, R. A.	Second Lieutenant
Petty, S. D.	Second Lieutenant
Brown, Thomas J.	Sergeant
Doten, Thomas J.	Sergeant
Mathews, Samuel P.	Sergeant
Wells, Ebby M.	First Sergeant
Codey, Moses M.	Corporal
Brown, T. B.	Corporal
Rhodes, John B.	Corporal
Howell, T. J.	Corporal

Privates.

• Barfield, Peter

• Blackman, Wade W.

• Belk, James K.

• Booth, J. D.

• Byrd, Mathew

• Byrd, W.

• Byrd, John

• Browder, John

• Campbell, J. H.

• Cannon, L. W.

• Coker, R. E.

• Cook, B. D.

• Dove, A. B. C.

• Dagan, W. H.

• Dyson, Archibald S.

• Douglass, H.

• Ellerby, A. Cooper

• Ellerby, Hossack

• Ellerby, Z.

• Farmer, Brantley

• Galloway, S. P.

• Galloway, Ferdinand

• Gandy, David R. W.

• Gandy, J.

• Griggs, W. C.

• Griggs, Clement

• Gainey, John

• Gainey, Thomas W.

• Gairey, Evander

• Graves, John

• Hunter, John

• Hall, Daniel

• Harrell, S. K.

• Hawkins, John

• Hearon, John Z.

• Howell, E.

• Howell, J. D.

• Hutson, W. J.

• Jenkins, James

• Johns, D. R.

• Jones, Riley

• Knight, Frank

• Kelley, Simon

• Kelley, Thomas

• Landreth, Peter

---

406





• Lundy, Allison

• Marshall, J. R.

• McKissick, Wm. J.

• McClendon, J. M.

• McClendon, L. A.

• Miller, J. H.

• Morrell, E.

• Nettles, W. W.

• O'Nails, James

• Parker, T. F.

• Parnell, A. W.

• Polson, R. H.

• Polson, W. H.

• Poe, James

• Ruggs, E. T.

• Ruggs, Andrew J.

• Sandsbury, Daniel

• Spence, Moses E.

• Spell, Gillam

• Stanley, John T.

• Tiner, Hugh

• Tiner, John

• Teel, James

• Toler, R. E.

• Vann, Jerry E.

• Webb, E. P.

• Winburn, Joseph

• Winn, Colin

• Wells, T. G. F.

COMPANY H, 21ST REGIMENT, INFANTRY.

                                           

Elliott, John F. A.	Captain
Spain, Hartwell	Captain
Du Bose, D. G.	Captain
Flinn, C. J.	First Lieutenant
Dalrymple, Thos. H.	First Lieutenant
Carlisle, W. H.	First Lieutenant
Lee, Henry J.	Second Lieutenant
Atkinson, Peter W.	Second Lieutenant
Rogers, Elisha M.	Third Lieutenant
Wilson, Harvey	Third Lieutenant
Moore, W. W.	Third Lieutenant
Odom, Joel	First Sergeant
Lawson, W. R. S.	First Sergeant
Elliott, Z. W.	Sergeant
DuBose, Wm. H. B.	Sergeant
Mixon, W. P.	Sergeant
Dalrymple, Peter L.	Sergeant
Beasley, Abram	Corporal
DuBose, Henry J.	Corporal
Stokes, Henry Y.	Corporal
Witherspoon, David W.	Corporal
Best, William	Corporal

Privates.

• Andrews, Thomas

• Abbott,

• Andrews, Aris

• Boykin, Hiram

• Boykin, Harrison

• Boykin, W. Franklin

• Boykin, Henry

• Bass, Burrell

• Best, James P.

• Best, Nicholas B.

• Best, Robert D.

• Blackman, Henry

• Buffkin, Hugh

• Blackwell, James

• Brown, William

• Beasley, Elijah

• Bruce, George H.

• Crosswell, Wm. H.

• Cody, M. M.

• Campbell, James H.

• DuBose, Robert S.

• DuBose, Andrew

• DuBose, Jeremiah

• Davis, Thomas

• Dean, J. L.

• Elliott, J. Franklin

• Elmore, Wilson W.

---

407





• Elmore, Simpson E.

• Elmore, Ellis

• Galloway, L. C.

• Galloway, Timothy P.

• Galloway, J. Ferdinand

• Galloway, Thomas

• Galloway, Pipkin

• Galloway, Abram M.

• Grantham, Robert W.

• Gardner, John B.

• Grooms, Reese

• Herring, William

• Hearon, Joseph N.

• Hearon, Wm. E.

• Huggins, Alex. G.

• Huggins, John H.

• Huggins, W. Middleton

• Hurst, Henry W.

• Hurst, Samuel F.

• Hurst, Simeon

• Harris, Wiley M.

• Harris, Franklin H.

• Harrison, Madison W.

• Howell, Alex.

• Howell, J. Barry

• Harrell, Nathan

• Harrell, Robert

• Hill, James

• Inkles, Richard

• Jones, Henry

• Joy, Henry M.

• Josey, J. R.

• King, William

• King, Wesley

• Kelly, Thomas

• Lawson, Joseph T.

• Logan, Joseph

• Lee, Judge L.

• McLendon, Robert

• Mixon, M. Townsend

• Marshall, William H.

• Moore, Wesley

• McKenzie, Joseph R.

• McKenzie, Israel G.

• Nicholson, James

• Newsom, Bennett

• Outlaw, Benjamin

• Peebles, Edward S.

• Parnell, Henry E.

• Parnell, T. Joshua

• Plummer, E. B.

• Quick, James D.

• Quick, Jesse E.

• Register, Calvin

• Red, J. F.

• Rogers, Evans

• Rhodes, John B.

• Stuckey, Howell C.

• Stuckey, Wiley D.

• Scarborough, George P.

• Smith, Phillip D.

• Stewart, Ira

• Skinner, Simpson

• Skinner, James

• Skinner, Wm. W.

• Skinner, Thomas C.

• Skinner, R. Zimmerman

• Skinner, Franklin

• Shumake, Morgan

• Stokes, Henry Y.

• Stokes, W. Elias

• Thomas, Henry B.

• Woodham, H. Middleton

• Woodham, John E.

• Woodham, Jared

• Woodham, Emberry

• Witherspoon, David

• Witherspoon, Jefferson
  W.

• Warren, Gilham

• Warren, William

COMPANY I, 21ST REGIMENT, INFANTRY.

                                     

Woodberry, Evander M.	Captain
Howard, Richard G.	Captain
Gasque, Henry A.	First Lieutenant
Cannon, Henry M.	First Lieutenant
Shelly, David	Second Lieutenant
Jordan, A. Bennett	Brevet Second Lieutenant
Jarrett, J. Alston	Second Lieutenant
Altman, Wm. J.	Second Lieutenant
Chappell, Henry C.	Second Lieutenant
Noble, J. Hardy	First Sergeant
Gasque, C. Marion	Second Sergeant
McDaniel, John R.	Third Sergeant
Jordan, John S.	Fourth Sergeant
Cannon, George H.	Fifth Sergeant
Hucks, John R.	Sergeant
Dozier, J. Valentine	First Corporal
Cannon, Wm. H.	Second Corporal
Wright, John W.	Third Corporal
Altman, J. Hamilton	Fourth Corporal

Privates.

• Avant, Orlando R.

• Altman, Samuel S.

• Altman, J. Benjamin

• Altman, J. Wesley

• Bone, John

• Bone, Robert G.

• Bailey, G.

• Boatright, Robert S.

• Brown, George W.

• Brown, Henry

• Brown, Jesse C.

• Brown, William J.

• Brown, Evander

• Bellflowers, Jesse

• Burroughs, Thomas

• Cannon, Samuel W.

• Collins, Valentine

• Cook, James Ervin

• Davis, James H.

• Davis, H. Foster

• Dozier, John F.

• Dozier, Tully

• Foxworth, Ervin J.

• Foxworth, Joseph B.

• Gasque, Ervin A.

• Gregg, Thomas C.

• Gregg, Wesley L.

• Gunter, William

• Ham, Charles W.

• Herrin, Allison W.

• Herrin, David F.

• Hewitt, Thomas

• Hewitt, Joseph R.

• James, James V.

• Jarrett, James B.

• Jarrett, Charles Ed.

• Jordan, W. King

• Lowrimore, John

• Lowrimore, Moses

• Lowrimore, Hanson L.

• Marlow, R. William

• Martin, Stephen H.

• Martin,

• McClellan, Daniel B.

• McClellan, Enos

• McDaniel, J. Randall

• Miller, John P.

• Pace, James A.

• Powell, Noah P.

• Parker, Thomas

• Prior, William M.

• Rogers, Thomas G.

• Rogers, J. Benjamin

• Richardson, Pinckney G.

• Richardson, E. Franklin

• Richardson, Thomas

• Richardson, David. W.

• Richardson, J. Graves

• Richardson, James H.

• Richardson, Thomas J.

• Rowell, James W.

• Rowell, David A.

• Rowell, Valentine

• Rowell, William P.

• Stanley, John F.

• Sampson, Joseph

• Sampson, Samuel

• Shelley, John C.

• Shelley, Zachariah

• Shackleford, Stephen P.

• Sineath Joseph P.

• Tindal, Emanuel

• Tindal, Solomon

• Tucker, John

• Turbeville, Asa

• Williams, Henry S. B.

• Williams, John C.

• Williams, Jacob H.

• Williams, Jordan

• White, James H.

• Whaley, John H.

• Whaley, William M.

• Wall, Lawson J.

• Wallace, John J.

COMPANY K, 21ST REGIMENT.

                       

J. W. Owens	Captain
Cowen, L. Sandsbury	First Lieutenant
Green, E. B.	Second Lieutenant
Henry, J. Clifton	Third Lieutenant
Bristow, James, T.	First Sergeant
Brand, Alvin	Second Sergeant
Brockington, E. S.	Third Sergeant
McLeod, Geo. W.	Fourth Sergeant
Lockhart, O. Francis	First Corporal
Hodge, William H.	Second Corporal
Hilary, Powers	Third Corporal
Hall, Isaac	Fourth Corporal

Privates.

• Ard, Ben

• Ard, E. H.

• Anderson, Stephen H.

• Anderson, Brylie H.

• Anderson, Joel

• Anderson, Wiley H.

• Anderson, S. Pinckney

• Anderson, Silas

• Anderson, Miles R.

• Anderson, Jesse.

• Amerson, Cooper

• Amerson, Capers

• Brand, William

• Bates, George W.

• Brown, Nelson

• Brown, Samuel

• Brown, George

• Byrd, George

• Blackwell, James H.

• Cade, John L.

• Cooper, Joel J.

• Carter, Ira

• Clifton, M. Webster

• Cotingham, William

• Cook, Ezecal

• Crawford, Henry I.

• Chandler, Daniel S.

• Cole, Cefus F.

• Dority, John

• DuBose, Zimmerman J.

• DuBose, Elias H.

• Davis, Thomas H.

• Davis, George W.

• Dewitt, Samuel

• Daws, A. S.

• Gray, Daniel A.

• Gregg, Eli A.

• Gatlin, John G.

• Grantham, James

• Gowdy, Benjamin

• House, George

• Hicks, John

• Hall, James

• Hooten, John

• Hudson, Thomas

• Hodge, John C.

• Hayley, James

• Haley, Jesse

• Harper, Ricks

• Hewitt, Thomas

• Jordan, Henry

• Jeffords, S. King

• Jeffords, Joseph

• Jeffords, John

• Jeffords, Rufus J.

• Johnson, John W.

• Jackson, John

• Jordan, Andrew

• King, James

• Kilpatrick, Reese

• Kilpatrick, William

• Langston, John

• Lawrence, Moses

• Lee, William

• Loyd, Wesley

• McCall, John

• Mims, Jacob

• Mims, Jesse

• Mims, James E.

• Marshall, William

• Muldrow, Andrew

• McKoy, Samuel

• Nettles, Robert

• Oliver, Claton

• Oliver, Sidney

• Oliver, Lazrus

• Purvis, Henry

• Purvis, Thomas

• Powers, Thomas J.

• Pierce, John B.

• Revell, George W.

• Scaff, Samuel

• Scaff, James R.

• Scaff, Mathew

• Smith, Thomas

• Sandsbury, Burdell

• Stuart, James

• Thornhill, Evander

• Thornhill, John

• Truitt, Pinckney

• Tolar, Street

• Tolar, Robert

• Vaughro, Henry H.

• Wilson, Geo. W.

• Wilson, John W.

• Wilson, John

• Wilson, Archibald S.

• Wilson, William C.

• White, Jarry

• Windham, William J.

• Windham, Samuel

• Wadford, Lazarus

• Wadford, William C.

• Weatherspoon, Jefferson

• Wadford, Nelson

• Wooten, John

• Young, William H.

• Young Thomas

COMPANY L, 21ST REGIMENT.

                                   

McDuffie, Neal C.	Captain
Le Gette, Hanibal	Captain
Baker, Wm. C.	Captain
Woodberry, Wm. D.	First Lieutenant
Sweet, Ebenezer L.	Second Lieutenant
Gibson, Albert	Second Lieutenant
Williamson, Robert L.	First Sergeant
Gasque, A. M.	First Sergeant
Collins, Wm. T.	Sergeant
Huggins, Christopher	Sergeant
Reaves, Robert H.	Orderly Sergeant
Willimson, Leonard	Fourth Sergeant
Coleman, Samson J.	Corporal
Baker, William W.	Corporal
Lane, Joseph V.	Corporal
Sawyer, James A.	Corporal
Carmichael, Franklin	Corporal
White, Augustus K.	Corporal

Privates.

• Ammons, W. Edward

• Ammons, H. Calhoun

• Ayers, William D.

• Ayers, Joseph

• Ayers, Thomas

• Avant, Jordan

• Anderson, James R.

• Bailey, Nias

• Bailey, Wesley

• Bailey, Mathew

• Baker, John E.

• Baker, Benjamin B.

• Bird, Hugh G.

• Bethea, Edwin A.

• Brown, William

• Brown, John O.

• Beaty, Thomas

• Campbell, Mike C.

• Clarke, Robert C.

• Cooper, Ralph

• Criddle, James R.

• Collins, John W.

• Collins, David C.

• Collins, Joel B.

• Collins, Shadrack

• Collins, Richard

• Carmichael, Archibald
  B.

• Carmichael, Evander

• Carmichael, Franklin

• Carmichael, Archie

• Carmichael, Judson D.

• Carmichael, Daniel M.

• Carmichael, J. B.

• Cale, E.

• Cohen, Isaac

• Carter, John

• Deas, Franklin

• Dennis, George W.

• Edwards, Richard W.

• Evans, N. J.

• Flowers, Elly

• Flowers, William

• Fowler, James F.

• Frierson, J. M.

• Gardner, Daniel

• Gerald, John

• Gasque, J. Martin

• Gasque, Samuel O.

• Gasque, Wesley E.

• Gasque, Wm. B. R.

• Gasque, Henry

• Gibson, Robert W.

• Gibson, Oscar E.

• Gibson, John S.

• Godbold, Huger

• Godbold, Thomas W.

• Hair, James

• Huggins, S. Lewis

• Huggins, Wesley

• Huggins, Wm. D.

• Huggins, William

• Harrelson, John L.

• Harrelson, Timothy

• Harrelson, Benjamin

• Haywood, John W.

• Haywood, James

• Herring, Pinckney L.

• Harrell, Ephraim

• Jones, Frederick D.

• Jones, James A.

• Jordan, William

• James, William P.

• Jacobs, M.

• Le Gette, Henry C.

• Le Gette, Levi

• Lane, Robert L.

• Lambert, Robert

• Martin, Mac F.

• McCall, Barney

• Matthews, Samuel P.

• Miller, Charles W.

• Oliver, Alexander R.

• Powell, William

• Potter, James

• Porter, James

• Porter, S. Goss

• Pitman, David G.

• Richardson, Stephen

• Richardson, John

• Richardson, Thomas

• Rogers, Jno. W.

• Rogers, Owen M.

• Rogers, Carey

• Rogers, Fred. G.

• Rogers, Bethel

• Rogers, T.

• Rowell, Valentine

• Rowell, William

---

411





• Robertson, L. D.

• Sawyer, John

• Sawyer, Thomas

• Shelley, Joseph G.

• Snipes, Moses

• Summerford, William

• Shackleford, John B.

• Shaw, Benjamin A.

• Smith, Enoch

• Thompson, James T.

• Tedder, Daniel M.

• Townsend, Francis M.

• Thomas, Samuel B.

• Tyler, Richard

• Webb, John

• Wise, J. M.

• Williamson, Bright J.

• Williamson, Joseph M.

• Williamson, David R.

• Williamson, Sol. M.

• Williamson, Samuel W.

• Worrell, James

COMPANY A, 1ST REGIMENT.

                                                       

Glover, Thomas Jamison	Captain
Glover, John Vingard	Captain
Felder, John H.	First Lieutenant
Izlar, Jas. Ferdinand	First Lieutenant
Kennerly, Samuel N.	Second Lieutenant
Dibble, Samuel	Second Lieutenant
Felder, Edmund J.	Sergeant
Williams, James A.	Sergeant
Elliott, Geo. H.	Sergeant
Legare, Thomas K.	Sergeant
Ray, W.	Sergeant
Frederick, J. P.	Sergeant
Fox, T. S.	Sergeant
Zimmerman, Daniel	Sergeant
Izlar, Benj. P.	Sergeant
Hook, John H.	Sergeant
Rast, J. E.	Sergeant
Izlar, William	Sergeant
Culler, L. Hayne	Sergeant
Andrews, Thadeus C.	Corporal
Rowe, Daniel Jacob	Corporal
Shuler, B. M.	Corporal
Wiles, Robert H.	Corporal
Wannamaker, Francis Marion	Corporal
Paulling, W.	Corporal
Kohn, Theodore	Corporal
Robinson, Jude	Corporal
Kennerly, J. R.	Corporal

Privates.

• Andrews, E. W.

• Austin, M. L.

• Avant, J. H.

• Antilley, F. M.

• Ashe, John

• Ayers, D. A.

• Ballentine, S.

• Buzzard, J. C.

• Brickle, V. V.

• Brooker, A. F.

• Brooker, James

• Brunson, William

• Buyck, F. G.

• Baxter, J. D.

• Baxter, E. J.

---

412





• Black, M. G.

• Boyd, M. T.

• Brickle, V. V.

• Brooker, A. F.

• Brooker, James

• Brunson, Wm.

• Buyck, F. J.

• Bozard, J. S.

• Bozard,

• Bull, W. A.

• Crawford, W. E.

• Crider, G. B.

• Cannon, James

• Carson, B. A.

• Champy, A.

• Champy, T.

• Church, W. A.

• Collins, A.

• Conner, A. A.

• Conner, F.

• Crider, J. H.

• Culclasure, D. J.

• Curtis, G. H.

• Culler, J. W.

• Dantzler, D. W.

• Dantzler, M. J. D.

• Denaux, E. C.

• Dolen, M.

• Doscher, Eiber

• Doyle, P.

• Ehney, W. L.

• Ehney, E. T.

• Ezekial, E.

• Fanning, John A.

• Felder, Samuel J.

• Felder, E. L.

• Gardner, D.

• Glover, W. P.

• Glover, C. L.

• Grambling, Martin
  Luther

• Glover, Mortimer

• Hall, S. P.

• Hook, S. P.

• Hitchcock, L. W.

• Houser, E. M.

• Houser, F. D.

• Houser, J. D.

• Houser, G. M.

• Inabinet, Frank S.

• Inabinet, A. J.

• Inabinet, C. G.

• Irick, L. A.

• Izlar, L. T.

• Izlar, A. M.

• Inabinet, J. M.

• Izlar, B. W.

• Jenkins, L. W.

• Jaudon, P. B.

• Jaudon, S. W. A.

• Kelly, Thomas

• Kemmerlin, T. A.

• King, W.

• Legare, W. W.

• Law, W. P.

• Lucas, A.

• Meredith, W. C., Jr.

• Murphy, E.

• Myers, Esau

• Miller, A. V.

• Moody, W. A.

• Murph, J. C.

• Murrow, O. H.

• Meredith, W. C.

• Norris, T. P.

• Ott, W. F.

• Ott, J. V.

• Pape, F. W.

• Pike, Jno. C.

• Pool, T. C.

• Pooser, E. E.

• Pooser, J. P.

• Pooser, W. H., Jr.

• Pooser, W. H., Sr.

• Pooser, J. H.

• Prickett, J. H.

• Prusner, William

• Pooser, William

• Rawlinson, M. A.

• Rawlinson, A. S.

• Robinson, Murray,

• Ray, John D.

• Reynolds, F. S. H.

• Reed, J. V.

• Reed, J. N.

• Riley, John W.

• Rickenbacker, M.

• Rowe, A. G.

• Rush, H. M.

• Ruple, Andrew J.

• Rowe, William Sabb.

• Riley, D. A.

• Sanders, B. H.

• Shoemaker, Ira T.

• Shunight, L.

• Sanders, J. D. D.

• Shuler, J. M.

• Shuler, J. W.

• Smoak, B. Z.

• Smoak, H. O.

• Staley, E. S.

• Stroman, D. P.

• Stroman, Michael
  Gramling

• Stroman, P. B.

• Summers, Jacob W.

• Summers, William

• Stroman, J. P.

• Tatum, John S. C.

• Taylor, W. W.

• Tucker, J. R.

• Tyler, H. Alonzo

• Valentine, W. W.

• Van Tassel, James

• Williams, W. E.

• Williams, S. W.

• Wolf, Z. Marion

• Wolf, E. M.

• Wolf, J. J.

• Wright, R.

• Wolf, Andrew J.

• Zeigler, H. H.

• Zeigler, M. C.

• Zeigler, John A.

COMPANY B, 1ST REGIMENT.

                         

Livingston, Daniel	Captain
Pou, B. F.	First Lieutenant
Jones, James D	Second Lieutenant
Knotts, Joseph E.	Second Lieutenant
Ehney, W. L.	First Sergeant
Geiger, F. J.	Sergeant
Menecken, J. A.	Sergeant
Phillips, James H.	Sergeant
O'Cain, J. A.	Sergeant
Fanning, J. H.	Corporal
Inabinet, James A.	Corporal
Martin, H. O.	Corporal
Geiger, R. Baker	Corporal

Privates.

• Axson, J. W.

• Brown, J. F.

• Brown, E.

• Brown, William

• Brown, L. S.

• Brown, S. W.

• Brown, J. P.

• Bailey, J.

• Bennett, J. F.

• Courtney, P.

• Craft, J. S.

• Craft, T. W.

• Culclusure, A. D.

• Crim, D. G.

• Corbett, M. F.

• Crider, D. H.

• Cook, W. D.

• Davis, T. J.

• Dannelly, G. W.

• Douglass, M. P.

• Fanning,. Jos. A.

• Flake, J. R.

• Flake, J. W.

• Flake, J. T.

• Flake, T. B.

• Furtick, J. H.

• Furtick, L. D.

• Hutto, R. S.

• Hutto, James

• Horsey, J. H. W.

• Hughes, W. F.

• Huffman, Jacob

• Huffman, J. H. S.

• Huffman, J. W.

• Hooker, David H.

• Hildebrand, D. L.

• Hooker, F. F. M.

• Inabinet, P. D. P.

• Inabinet, J. V.

• Johnson, P. P.

• Jeffcoat, H. E.

• Jeffcoat, S. W.

• Kaigler, F. G.

• Knotts, T. D.

• Lucas, J. R.

• Lucas, Rufus

• Lorick, P. C.

• Lorick, J. H.

• Martin, A. T.

• Martin, J. J.

• Mack, B. A.

• McIver, J. J.

• Ott, James P.

• Peeples, Jos. E.

• Plimale, A.

• Quattlebaum, J. J.

• Rucker, G.

• Rucker, A. E.

• Rucker, U. S. L.

• Redmond, Job

• Robinson, Jos. F.

• Richter, J. J.

• Riley, J. W.

• Stevenson, Benjamin

• Stevenson, W. M.

• Stevenson, J. P.

• Smithheart, John

• Smith, J. W.

• Smith, W. D.

• Stricklin, H. S.

• Slagle, W. F.

• Sightler, T. M.

• Sightler, S. B.

• Sightler, W. S.

• Stabler, G. W.

• Schumpert, S. A.

• Ulmer, A.

• Vann, T. J.

• Williams, F.

• Williams, James

• Williams, M. F.

• Wise, A. J.

• Whetstone, J. A.

• Yon, W. P.

• Zeigler, D. W.

• Zeigler, D. A.

COMPANY C, 1ST REGIMENT.

                               

Kirkland, B. B.	Captain
Brabham, J. F.	Captain
Hayes, J. N.	First Lieutenant
Barker, R. S.	Second Lieutenant
Hogg, R. B.	Third Lieutenant
Barker, J. H.	Third Lieutenant
Brabham, C. F.	First Sergeant
Brabham, H. J.	Second Sergeant
Williams, J. A.	Third Sergeant
Breland, W. E.	Fourth Sergeant
Young, G. F.	Fifth Sergeant
Hayes, J. A.	Fifth Sergeant
Kirkland, R. C.	First Corporal
Burke, W. B.	Second Corporal
Wilson, L. J.	Third Corporal
Bowers, M. C.	Fourth Corporal

Privates.

• Allen, J. M.

• Barker, Owen W.

• Bennett, J. W.

• Bennett, J. A.

• Best, L. C.

• Best, W. W.

• Billing, E. W.

• Blackwood, F. A.

• Blackwood, T. W.

• Bowers, E.

• Bowers, M.

• Brabham, W. R.

• Brabham, J. Medicus

• Bonnett, R. W.

• Connelly, William

• Cope, Mc.

• Cradock, W. P.

• Cone, G. P.

• Creech, F. H.

• Creech, J. W.

• Curtain, Jack

• Deer, Anderson

• Frohberg, H. C.

• Frohberg, P. A.

• Garvin, C. H.

• Gray, Joseph

• Harrod, G. M.

• Harrod, Wm. P.

• Harley, John E.

• Harrison, R. R.

• Hartnett, M.

• Hoover, George H.

• Hoover, J. J.

• Hiers, N. T.

• Holly, J. Calvin

• Hagood, James R.

• Jenny, J. Wyman

• Jenkins, J. A.

• Johnston, C. E.

• Jones, James

• Loadholt, C. U.

• Loadholt, J. M.

• Lynes, B. F.

• Lynes, Geo. W.

• Lott, Joshua

• Lucas, C. D.

• Myers, P. O.

• Mixon, Frank

• McMillan, F. M.

• McMillan, J. E.

• McMillan, R. H.

• Morris, Gideon

• Myrick, J. W.

• Myrick, Eli

• Platts, Geo. W.

• Platts, W. F.

• Priester, J. R.

• Smith, C. E.

• Smith, W. E.

• Smith, Moses

• Thompson, W. O.

• Williams, J. B.

• Williams, J. D.

• Williams, W. W.

• Wood, Allen

COMPANY D, 1ST REGIMENT.

                             

Crawford, Robt. L.	Captain
Kirke, James H.	Captain
Welsh, Francis M.	Captain
Perry, L. J.	First Lieutenant
Witherspoon, John C.	Lieutenant
Hilton, Joseph B.	First Sergeant
Gregory, Owen	Second Seregant
Langely, Robert	Third Sergeant
Crockett, James E.	Fifth Sergeant
Bennett, James K.	Third Sergeant
Sings, W. C.	Fourth Sergeant
Welsh, T. J.	Fifth Sergeant
Sims, Michael J.	Sergeant
Latham, I. T.	Second Corporal
Adams, J. W.	Corporal

Privates

• Caskey, Jefferson J.

• Hilton, S. J.

• Adams, John

• Arant, James

• Arant, Samuel

• Bailey, E. J.

• Bailey, Wm. G.

• Bradley, Nelson

• Bailey, Jno. H.

• Blackman, John S.

• Blackman, Simson

• Bowers, Samuel J.

• Bush, Beverly

• Caskey, John D.

• Cauthen, William

• Caskey, W. R.

• Caskey, Thomas P.

• Clyburn, Jesse

• Crenshaw, James M.

• Crenshaw, John S.

• Cook, J. Crawford

• Caskey, Eli A.

• Corbett, James J.

• Deas, Sandford

• Doster, W. G.

• Flynn, James

• Flynn, Thomas

• Faile, Emanuel

• Faile, Samuel

• Faile, J. Thomas

• Faile, C. C.

• Gregory, W. H.

• Gregory, D. J.

• Gregory, N. B.

• Ghent, Jackson

• Garris, F. M.

• Gettis, Franklin M.

• Graham, James P.

• Glenn, John D.

• Harrell, T.

• Hilton, William H.

• Hilton, T. F.

• Harris, William

• Horton, Doniver

• Johnson, S. S. Burdett

• Kirk, Robert M.

• Latham, Thomas A.

• Lamaster, James

• Larke, John E.

• Montgomery, Josiah A.

• McAbee, S.

• McQuirt, John

• McManus, Robert H.

• McAteer, J. Porter

• McAteer, Robt. H.

• McInnis, D. A.

• McAteer, F. M.

• Nesbit, W. E.

• Patrick, William

• Plyler, General W.

• Plyler, D. H.

• Pitman, Jethro

• Pitman, Bennett

• Perry, Robert D.

• Richardson, W. A.

• Smith, James E.

• Sweat, Edward

• Sweat, John T.

• Sullivan, Robert M.

• Small, Annias

• Sistare, A. J.

• Sutton, Zachariah

• Secrest, John C.

• Seay, John

• Strain, W. W.

• Shute, Elihu

• Taylor, A. J.

• Taylor, Alexander

• Taylor, J. R.

• Ussery, Samuel M.

• Watson, Levin A.

• Wilkerson, Thos O.

• Wallace, Manus

• Wallace, J. F.

• Wallace, H. J.

• Welsh, James V.

COMPANY E, 1ST REGIMENT.
(July to April, 1865.)

                                                 

Duncan, W. H.	Captain
Thompson, J. H.	First Lieutenant
Wood, P. H.	Second Lieutenant
Stansell, Jack	Third Lieutenant
Best, J. R. B.	Third Lieutenant
Bryan, R. A.	Third Lieutenant
Hair, J. M.	Third Lieutenant
Wood, W. J.	Third Lieutenant
Hall, D. P.	Sergeant
Mixon, G. D.	Sergeant
Ogden, D. S.	Sergeant
Johnson, S. W.	Sergeant
Woodward, W. W.	Sergeant
Mixon, F. M.	Sergeant
Thomson, Arthur	Sergeant
Patterson, D. P.	Sergeant
Manville, A. P.	Sergeant
Colding, J. C.	Sergeant
Ogden, Isaac	Sergeant
Key, S. M.	Corporal
Harley, Edward	Corporal
Best, W. T.	Corporal
Cane, J. B.	Corporal
Thomson, Arthur	Corporal
Sprawls, D. P.	Corporal

Privates.

• Beck, Noah

• Bellinger, C. W.

• Bellinger, S. N.

• Bryant, William

• Brunson, St. M.

• Burckhalter, Basil

• Cameron, J. J.

• Cameron, Joe

• Cameron, Pink

• Canada, John W.

• Cane, J. Milledge

• Damish, J. Chris.

• Diamond, James
  (Deserted)

• Dias, W.

• Driggers, John

• Drummond, Augustus

• Drummond, John

• Gass, R.

• Gill, Val.

• Goodwyn, J. B.

• Green, Jeff.

• Green, John

• Green, W. Frank

• Hagood, E. Augustus

• Hagood, Wm. A.

• Hagood, Thomas B.

• Hair, J. W.

• Hair, Mathias

• Hale, John

• Hall, Nathan

• Hayne, Job

• Jackson, Isaac

• Joel, Julius

• Johnson, J. F.

• Kapham, M.

• Kapham, Theodore

• Kitchen, W. F.

• Lambert, John

• McLain, Wiley

• Mixon, W. J.

• Morgan, J. A.

• Morgan, L. H.

• Nelson, A. P.

• Nelson, W. P.

---

417





• Owens, John

• Parker, M. P.

• Pender, D. Farrar

• Roundtree, Job

• Scott, C.

• Scott, P.

• Sheppard, Joseph

• Stansell, John M.

• Stewart, C.

• Stivander, W. F.

• Sweat, George

• Weathersbee, Ben

• Woodward, J. A.

• Woodward, Nick.

COMPANY E, 1ST REGIMENT.
(Originally Company K, from January to June, 1861.)

                 

Mangum, T. H.	Captain
Pressley, Jno. G.	Captain
Day, James M.	First Lieutenant
China, T. J.	First Lieutenant
Steedman, G. E.	Second Lieutenant
Logan, C.	Second Lieutenant
Guyton, H. R.	Second Lieutenant
Montgomery, H.	Second Lieutenant
Langley, Samuel	Sergeant

Privates.

• Allen, D. A.

• Ard, J. J.

• Ard, J.

• Ard, R.

• Ard, E. J.

• Brown, H. J.

• Brown, M. A.

• Baker, M. R.

• Baunsean, J. T.

• Bradshaw, J.

• Burgess, J. M.

• Browders, S. W.

• Brickles, J. M.

• Braxton, J.

• Brockington, B. P.

• Blockman, W.

• Burckhalter,

• Brown, James

• Bryant, R. A.

• Blalock, J. G.

• Blalock, R.

• Brown, W. P.

• Brown, J.

• China, J. R.

• China, S.

• Christmas,

• Cook, M. D.

• Cook, T. J.

• Coker, J. S.

• Coker, P. J.

• Conner, S. S.

• Cameron, H. G.

• Cameron, J. W.

• Cooper, A. B.

• Cullum, W. P.

• Cannady, Wm.

• Cumings, J. E.

• Clark, J. M.

• Cook, J. F.

• Christmas, J. E.

• Cooper, W. N.

• Cooper, J. H.

• Cook, E. R.

• Dukes, W. D.

• Dukes, J. E.

• Dukes, B. F.

• Dennis, E. G.

• Dennis, S. R.

• Dickson, J. S.

• Dickson, B. E.

• Dunn, M. C.

• Epps, J. H.

• Evans, J. J.

• Ellis, E. S.

• Feage, R. E.

• Floyd, G.

• Fleming, L. B.

• Fleming, W. E.

• Footman, J. M.

• Footman, H. E.

• Garner, H. G.

• Guess, A.

• Gist, G.

• Gamble, J. R.

• Gamble, R. K.

• Graham, S. J.

• Guyton, J. C.

• Holly, L. A.

• Haweston, G.

• Hair, H. M.

• Hatcher, J. M.

• Holly, G. W.

---

418





• Hester, J. L.

• Harris, J. B.

• Holly, C. C.

• Hair, N. G. W.

• Hair, J. W.

• Hall, J. W.

• Hart, H. H.

• Hogg, J. C.

• Hutto, J.

• Hair, J. J.

• Harvey, J. C.

• Heath, A. J.

• James, S. S.

• Jandow, J. J.

• Johnston, E.

• June, S. N.

• Jannegan, W.

• Jordan, A. F.

• Jones, W. B.

• Johnson, J. J.

• Knox, W. J.

• Kelly, J. W.

• Langley, P. G.

• Logan, W. D.

• Lyles, W. R.

• Lee, J. E.

• Lamb,

• Lane, J. W.

• Montgomery, E. P.

• McClure, C. W.

• McClary, D. R.

• McClary, J. L.

• McClary, S. A.

• McCormick, P. B.

• McCullough, J. E.

• McConnell, L. A.

• McKensie, S.

• Markey, J.

• Montgomery, S.

• Montgomery, S. C.

• Mitchum, J. S.

• Mitchum, G. K.

• Mitchum, C. S.

• Matthews, J. M.

• Matthews, R. C.

• Matthews, William

• Menet, J. A.

• Mitchell, A. M.

• Moseley, W. H.

• Moseley, W. F.

• Mims, R. H.

• McCreany, C. W.

• Mims, J. A.

• Merritt, G. A.

• Mitchum, S. S.

• Nolen, J.

• New, M.

• New, J.

• Owens, J. O.

• Owens, E.

• Owens, S.

• Parker, H. G.

• Parsons, A. J.

• Price, J. M.

• Peacock, E. L.

• Player, J. N.

• Parsons, W. H.

• Parsons, F. R.

• Rush, E. W.

• Red, N. R.

• Ramsey, J.

• Sanders, J. C.

• Surney, W. J. C.

• Shaw, W. D. J.

• Singletery, E. J.

• Slingfield, E.

• Sigler, A. S.

• Spawls, J. F.

• Smith, W. R.

• Scherarty, G. W.

• Schroder, H.

• Thigpen, J. E.

• Thigpen, W. N.

• Tisdale, A. G.

• Tisdale, W. W.

• Tyler, H.

• Teague, G. A.

• Tool, J. L.

• Turner, J. G.

• Taylor, G. W.

• Waters, R. B.

• Wilson, P.

• Wilson, Jack

• Weeks, W. J.

• Weathersbee, J. E.

• Weaver, O. F.

• Wolf, W. S.

• Walker, Nat.

• Williams, H. L.

• Young, L. E.

• Young, W. H.

• Young, J. H.

COMPANY F, 1ST REGIMENT.

                                                   

Grimes, G. M.	Captain
Gwin, T. D.	Captain
Weisinger, J. J.	First Lieutenant
Southern, J. L.	First Lieutenant
Grims, G. W.	Second Lieutenant
Newby, F. P.	Second Lieutenant
Jimison, R. R.	Second Lieutenant
Baker, T. P.	Third Lieutenant
Kearse, J. F.	First Sergeant
Feaster, N. A.	First Sergeant
Shockley, W. T.	Second Sergeant
Hagood, A.	Second Sergeant
Sweat, L. J.	Third Sergeant
Hall, S. D.	Third Sergeant
Gwin, J. T.	Fourth Sergeant
Gwin, R. A.	Fifth Sergeant
Odom, D. G.	Fourth Sergeant
Patterson, A.	Fifth Sergeant
Gosnell, Geo.	First Corporal
Flircnet, Henry	Second Corporal
Thompson, J. L.	Third Corporal
Hawkins, Joe	Fourth Corporal
Kinard, E. F.	First Corporal
Jennings, A. B.	Second Corporal
Rush, C. E.	Third Corporal
Copeland, J. J.	Fourth Corporal

Privates.

• Anderson, Brown

• Brown, Morgan

• Brice, T. K.

• Brookshire, Day

• Burdette, J. W.

• Bridges, A.

• Bridges, W. N.

• Clary, S. F.

• Crain, S. R.

• Collens, E. O.

• Clark, J. H.

• Cely, W. H.

• Davis, W. R.

• Emery, J. B.

• Harnby, W. S.

• Hartley, Grabial

• Hartley, Jeremiah

• Hawkies, Hamp.

• Hall, Thomas

• Hunson, G. B.

• Johnson, John

• Johnson, Pleas

• Lafay, P. B.

• Lafay, A. E.

• Lafay, Isaac

• Multy, J. A.

• Moore, James

• Morris, Harry

• Newby, William

• Nelson, Joseph

• Adams, J. J.

• Roy, Joseph

• Southern, W. R.

• Smith, William

• Trammell, B. F.

• Trammell, P. L.

• Tor, Joseph

• Vermillion, T.

• Thomas, W. Powell
  (Second Lieutenant.)

• Runnels, Adams

• Johnson, Elias

• McAuly, A. A.

• Bishop, John

• West, William
  (First Lieutenant.)

• Barbers, B. J.

• Basset, J. J.

• Beard, W. T.

• Businger, J. J.

• Businger, J. A.

• Businger, W. C.

• Bennett, J. M.

• Bennett, W. A.

• Bishop, J. M.

• Brealmed, T. J.

• Carter, D.

• Clayton, C. R.

• Choen, D. A.

• Calsen, J. W.

• Copeland, J. C.

• Dyches, B. H.

• Evals, S. W.

• Folk, C. L.

• Ford, E.

• Furman, H. S.

• Gillam, J. J.

• Grimes, J. F.

• Hemingway, F. K.

• Hemingway, W. C.

• Hunter, J. B.

• Jeffcoat, M. M.

• Johms, J. S.

• Kearse, L. B.

• Kush, J. A.

• Kinard, G. J.

• Kinard, M. A.

• Kinard, M. O.

• Kirkland, J. K.

• Lane, W. S.

• Main, J. A.

• Main, J. W.

• Millhouse, C. H.

• Miller, C. D.

---

420





• Mitchell, B.

• Morris, W.

• Morris, T.

• Morris, R.

• Mase, Geo. W.

• McFadden, J.

• McMillan, H. C.

• Patrick, C. M.

• Pellon, E.

• Preston, A.

• Rentz, J. D.

• Rentz, W. A.

• Riley, G. S.

• Risher, H. B.

• Road, J. M.

• Road, R. L.

• Sease, J. D.

• Smith, J.

• Smith, J. M.

• Steedley, A. T.

• Steedley, D. O.

• Steedley, J. E.

• Steedley, R. J.

• Thompson, J. H.

• Thompson, J. W.

• Zeigler, J. J.

• Zurox, J. W.

• Beard, C.

• Fender, J. M.

• Hughes, A. J.

• Jones, V.

• Loper, S. D.

• Morris, H. W.

• Pellom, H. R.

• Road, W. B.

• Smith, J. J.

• Steedley, L. B.

• Zoney, S. S.

• Fender, J. S.

• Still, A.

• Hunter, H. R.

• Main, M. M.

• McKenzie, W.

COMPANY G, 1ST REGIMENT.

                             

Frederick, E. J.	Captain
Romsire, J. V.	First Lieutenant
Trotti, S. W.	Second Lieutenant
Dunbar, G. R.	Third Lieutenant
Dunbar, S. S.	First Sergeant
Asheley, R. C.	Second Sergeant
Dunbar, T. S.	Third Sergeant
Horey, J. I.	Fourth Sergeant
Starling, G. W.	Fifth Sergeant
Asheley, L. A.	First Corporal
Wood, P. H.	Second Corporal
Darlington, J. H.	Third Corporal
Romsire, M. A.	Fourth Corporal
Barker, W. E.	Fifth Corporal
Garvin, M. H.	Sixth Corporal

Privates.

• Anderson, B. I.

• Benson, Alex.

• Benson, Ben

• Bailey, Alex.

• Bewmot, C. F.

• Bush, W. D.

• Bowers, B. F.

• Baxley, W. M.

• Rush, S. C.

• Bates, I. B.

• Bowers, H. C.

• Black, T. S.

• Brady, J. M.

• Bunghman, A. T.

• Dunbar, F.

• Dunbar, R. J.

• Darlington, W. R.

• Dicks, A.

• Dicks, Anne

• Dias, W. L.

• Dias, H.

• Dunbar, Samuel

• Dicks, Graney

• Chatman, W. A.

• Frust, F.

• Goss, R.

• Glover, J. W.

• Hawley, E. H.

• Holman, G. W.

• Holland, I. I.

• Hall, Franklin

• Hallam, William

• Hawley, James

---

421





• Killingsworth, I. I.

• Killingsworth, W. L.

• Killingsworth, T. H.

• Key, S. M.

• Key, Darbin

• Layton, F. M.

• Lowe, Ancil

• Moody, Mat

• Meyer, C. C.

• Nelson, But

• Newman, Steph.

• Newman, Geo.

• Nicholson, Roger

• Owens, Jno.

• Parker, Jno.

• Pucson, William

• Rottenberry, Wm.

• Romasire, G. F.

• Robinson, I.

• Roundtree, M.

• Rawford, Shade

• Roundtree, C. L.

• Stallings, M. C.

• Smith, W. H.

• Thomas, M.

• Williams, Ed.

• Williams, Wiley

• Witherspoon, M.

• Young, Tom

COMPANY H, 1ST REGIMENT.

                                             

Martin, J. V.	Captain
Allen, A. T.	First Lieutenant
Flowers, W. B.	Second Lieutenant
All, W. A.	Second Lieutenant
Erwin, E. A.	Sergeant
Bryan, R. A.	Sergeant
Colding, J. C.	Sergeant
Hammond, W. R.	Sergeant
Sanders, R. T.	Sergeant
Best, W. C.	Sergeant
Roberts, R. C.	Sergeant
Erwin, S. M.	Sergeant
Minors, C. T.	Sergeant
Bellinger, J. A.	Sergeant
Martin, Abraham	Corporal
Bonnet, R. W.	Corporal
Billing, E. N.	Corporal
Jenkins, J. A.	Corporal
Harden, W. M.	Corporal
Gray, J. P.	Corporal
Richardson, J. M.	Corporal
Garvin, J. W.	Corporal
Erwin, J.	Corporal

Privates.

• All, G.

• All, J.

• Allen, J. M.

• Ashe, T. M.

• Allen, W. W.

• Allen, J. C.

• Barker, J. G.

• Baxley, J. M.

• Bennett, John

• Bennett, James

• Best, W. W.

• Block, G. W.

• Bodiford, H.

• Bowers, E.

• Brown, P.

• Brunson, W. M.

• Best, Wilson

• Barker, R. S.

• Barker, J. H.

• Bassett, M. P.

• Bates, J. W.

• Bowers, M.

• Barker, W. J.

• Bennett, J. N.

---

422





• Billings, E. W.

• Black, J. R.

• Boils, O. S.

• Bradley, D. C.

• Bryan, H. P.

• Burke, Wm.

• Canty, James

• Carroll, H.

• Colding, T. B.

• Cone, G. P.

• Connelley, W. L.

• Connelley, Wm.

• Creech, J.

• Curtain, John

• Canty, S. C.

• Castilon, W. H.

• Cave, D. C.

• Daly, H.

• Daly, Pat

• Edenfield, J. L.

• Fennell, J. W.

• Fowke, G.

• Garvin, C. H.

• Garvin, W. H.

• Garvin, J. W.

• Gray, Joe

• Gibsinger, J.

• Gooding, W. M.

• Gray, J. A.

• Hall, N.

• Hardin, A.

• Hayes, J.

• Hewlitt, A. S.

• Hutto, M.

• Harley, W. M.

• Harley, J. P.

• Hiers, O.

• Hadwin, J.

• Hays, John

• Harvey,W. J.

• Hiers, G.

• Hoover, D.

• Haphan, T.

• Hayne, E. S.

• Jones, James

• Jenkins, J. A.

• Johns, E.

• Kirkland, C. S.

• Lancaster, J. C.

• Lawton, F. A.

• Lipsey, W. M.

• Lon, A.

• Loadholt, M.

• Martin, Ben

• Moody, J. B.

• Moody, William

• Morris, J.

• Morris, R. W.

• Mims, F.

• Murden, J. J.

• Myrick, E.

• Mallard, J.

• Mixson, R. H.

• Murdaugh, J.

• Myrick, J.

• Owens, L.

• Oliver, James

• Patterson, D.

• Plath, Charles

• Priester, E.

• Platts, J. P.

• Richardson, J. M.

• Rouse, M. D.

• Shuler, W.

• Sightler, W. A.

• Sightler, A. M.

• Sauls, B.

• Smith, J.

• Sanders, J.

• Sanders, W.

• Strange, H.

• Taylor, P.

• Williams, J. D.

• Williams, D. W.

• Wooley, N.

• Williams, R. H.

• Wood, J. A.

• Young, C. M.

• Young, J. F.

• Youmans, R.

COMPANY I, 1ST REGIMENT.

                                 

Stafford, Jas. H.	Captain
Harllee, John W.	First Lieutenant
Manning, Wm. L.	Second Lieutenant
Murchison, Roderick	Second Lieutenant
Murphy, Duncan	Third Lieutenant
Butler, Gilbert	First Sergeant
Blue, William	First Sergeant
McKeller, John D.	First Sergeant
McInnes, Daniel	Second Sergeant
McCall, Nathan	Third Sergeant
Carmichael, Malcolm C.	Fourth Sergeant
Campbell, Daniel	Fifth Sergeant
Carmichael, Daniel A.	Corporal
McCormack, Jno. H.	Corporal
Loftin, Jno. H.	Corporal
McInnis, Murdoch	Corporal
Brigman, Arthur P.	Corporal

Privates.

• Ammons, Phillip

• Ammons, Asa

• Bailey, Christopher

• Bethea, Holden

• Bolton, Britton

• Butler, Eli T.

• Butler, Alfred W.

• Buie, William H.

• Bendy, Jno. A.

• Burnett, John

• Carmichael, Alex. J.

• Campbell, Jno. C.

• Clark, Kenneth

• Cottingham, Stewart

• Crawford, Jas. D.

• Coward, Abner

• Coward, Ansel

• Dillon, William

• Easterling, Henry

• Evans, William T.

• Fitzgerald, Robt. E.

• Fore, Tracey

• Garner, James

• Gaddy, Ithanner J.

• Graham, Dugald

• Gray, Franklin

• Gray, Henry

• Hamilton, Tobias

• Hamilton, Tristram

• Hamilton, Whitton

• Horton, Thomas T.

• Hairgrove, Isaac H.

• Herring, Harmon

• Henry, Edward

• Herring, Daniel M.

• Herring, Samuel

• Hyat, Solomon

• Hyat, Jno. C. D.

• Hyat, James K.

• Hyat, John

• Hyat, Hugh

• Hyat, David

• Hulon, Wylie

• Hamilton, John

• Jackson, Warren A.

• Jackson, Charles T.

• Jackson, James R.

• Jackson, John T.

• Jackson, John C.

• McCall, John C.

• McDaniel, Amos

• McDaniel, Joseph

• McDaniel, Randall

• McArthur, James

• Owens, Redlin

• Paul, William

• Stackhouse, William R.

• Stackhouse, Tristram F.

• Sherwood, Richard

• Surles, Archibald

• Taylor, Ephraim

• Townsend, Daniel A.

• Turner, John C.

• Turner, Joel

• Walter, Phillip D.

COMPANY K, 1ST REGIMENT.

                           

Brown, J. J.	Captain
Burt, W. D.	First Lieutenant
Bellinger, Jno. A.	Second Lieutenant
Green, F. M.	Third Lieutenant
Hart, B. A.	First Sergeant
Kitching, J. H.	Second Sergeant
Cary, W. H.	Third Sergeant
Tyler, M. V.	Fourth Sergeant
Johnson, J. L.	Fifth Sergeant
Ogden, D. S.	First Corporal
Hair, J. M.	Second Corporal
Hankinson, J. N.	Third Corporal
Blankensie, D.	Fourth Corporal
Thompson, A. W.	Sixth Corporal

Privates.

• Allen, B. B.

• Askew, G. N.

• Balentine, J. C.

• Bates, E.

• Bellinger, V. W.

• Bellinger, S. W.

• Birt, W. B.

• Bowman, L.

• Brown, P.

• Cain, G. N.

• Clark, J. I.

• Collins, T.

• Damish, J.

• Diamond, Jas.

• Enicks, A. C.

• Giles, W. A.

• Goss, J. A.

• Green, M. V.

• Halford, W.

• Harley, Virgil

• Hext, G. B.

• Holman, J. F.

• Holland, I.

• Howard, D. A.

• Jones, J. A.

• Karney, I.

• Kelly, T.

• Kirkland, P.

• Manvire, A. P.

• Martin, M. H.

• Mims, R.

• Mason, B. F.

• Wilson, I. H.

• Nix, W. W.

• Adam, R. W.

• Mason, W. P.

• Owens, S. S.

• Patterson, A. A.

• Ray, W. T.

• Redd, S.

• Riley, J. P.

• Robinson, W. D.

• Sightler, F. M. (First in
  Co. B, then in K.)

• Stallings, C. A.

• Stiernder, W. L.

• Tyler, I. M.

• Tyler, R. E.

• Twiaal, Z. A.

• Ussery, W.

• Walker, J. N.

• Weathersbee, C. W.

• Weatherston, T.

• Walker, W. D.

• Williamston, W.

• Wooley, A.

• Yon, P.

25TH REGIMENT.
FIELD OFFICERS.

                                     

Simonton, C. H.	Colonel
Pressley, Jno. G.	Lieutenant-Colonel
Glover, Jno. V.	Major
Moffitt, G. H.	Adjutant
Dibble, S. W.	Adjutant
Prendergrass, J. M.	Ensign
Adger, J. E.	Quartermaster
Barr, D. D.	Commissary
Ravenel, W. C.	Surgeon
Warren, J. M.	Assistant Surgeon
Wardin, W. H.	Assistant Surgeon
Beall, A. J.	Assistant Surgeon
Bradley, A. G.	Assistant Surgeon
Dickson, J. F.	Assistant Surgeon
McDowall, J. R.	Quartermaster Surgeon
Smyth, J. Adjer	Quartermaster Surgeon
Fersner, W. F.	Orderly Sergeant
Hirsch, M. J.	Commissary Sergeant
Dantzler, M. J. D.	Hospital Steward

COMPANY A, 25TH REGIMENT.

                                                       

Simonton, Chas. H.	Captain
Carson, Jas. M.	Captain
Olney, Hiram B.	First Lieutenant
Finley, W. Washington	Second Lieutenant
Ross, James A.	Second Lieutenant
Hannahan, Jos. S.	Second Lieutenant
Cotchett, W. Dana, Jr.	Second Lieutenant
Owens, Wm. Capers	First Sergeant
Muckenfuss, W. M.	First Sergeant
Sheppard, Jno. L.	Second Sergeant
Jones, D. Henry	Third Sergeant
Edgerton, Jas. E.	Fourth Sergeant
Honour, Fred. H.	Fourth Sergeant
Ragin, Charlton H.	Fifth Sergeant
Stevens, Jas. A.	Fifth Sergeant
Olney, Alfred L.	Fifth Sergeant
Miller, Frederick W.	First Corporal
Black, C. T.	Second Corporal
Ellis, Chas. S.	Second Corporal
Newcomer, Jno. G.	Second Corporal
Dickinson, Jas. H.	Second Corporal
Phelps, Jno. B.	Third Corporal
Muckenfuss, W. G.	Third Corporal
Dibble, Sam'l W.	Fourth Corporal
Kellers, J. Fred	Fourth Corporal
Blackwood, G. Gibbs	Fourth Corporal
Rowand, C. Elliott	Fifth Corporal
Cowperthwait, Wm. B.	Fifth Corporal

Privates.

• Adger, J. Ellison

• Anderson, Sam'l W.

• Baker, Henry G.

• Baker, E.

• Ballot, F. G.

• Barbot, Julian

• Barton, A. J.

• Berry, Thos. T. E.

• Beesley, E. B.

• Blackwood, J. C.

• Blanchard, T. S.

• Bodow, H. R.

• Breese, S. Van Vecton

• Burn, Orville J.

• Burrows, Sam'l L.

• Burrows, F. Marion

• Burnham, Edward S.

• Bird, W. Cooper

• Calder, William

• Calder, James

• Calder, Edward E.

• Carter, Jno. W.

• Chapman, Thos. B.

• Clayton, W. H.

• Cox, E. P.

• Conner, George D.

• Coste, N. E.

• Cross, E. Frank

• Cross, B. H.

• Cudworth, A.

• Dixon, Geo. W.

• Douglass, Campbell

• Dooley, W.

• Dukes, T. Charlton H.

• Dotterer, William A.

• Enslow, J. A., Jr.

• Folker, O. F.

• Forbes, W. H. F.

• Gibson, Walter E.

• Gowan, Peter

• Gallwey, William

• Haas, John

---

426





• Harper, F. M.

• Hall, John

• Honour, J. Lawrence

• Honour, Theo. A.

• Holmes, Wm. E.

• Humphries, Wm.

• Jones, J. Walker

• Jervey, Wm. C.

• Jeter, W. L.

• Klinck, Jno., Jr.

• Kingman, Jno. W.

• King, S. H.

• Kingman, Oliver H.

• Kiddell, Charles

• Lambert, W.

• Lawton, J. Frampton

• Lanneau, Wm. S.

• Lee, L. S.

• Lee, B. M.

• Locke, P. P.

• Locke, F. Otis

• Lovegreen, Lawrence B.

• Lucas, Benjamin

• Mahoney, D. A.

• Marsh, David C.

• Marsh, Jas. G.

• Martin, J. S.

• Masters, A. W.

• Mey, Florian C.

• Mellichampe, Jas. M.

• Mellichampe, Wm. A.

• Milnor, Vincent

• Miller, Gustavius

• Mintzing, J. F.

• Muckenfuss, Wm. C.

• McNamee, Jas. V.

• McCabe, J. W.

• O'Sullivan, Thos. F.

• Ortman, W. I.

• Ortman, Julius F.

• Patterson, W. N.

• Pennall, A. F.

• Pennall, R. E.

• Prevost, Clarence

• Prichard, Wm.

• Porcher, Chas. F.

• Petit, J. J.

• Proctor, Henry G.

• Proctor, Wm. E.

• Ramsey, J. T.

• Reid, George

• Robb, James

• Riols, A. T.

• Robinson, S. A.

• Salvo, James F.

• Seyle, Samuel H.

• Small, Joseph J.

• Sheppard, Benjamin F.

• Shelton, H. S.

• Shokes, G. W.

• Shackleford, E. H.

• Smyth, J. Adger

• Smyth, Augustine T.

• Steinmeyer, Wm. H.

• Schmidt, J. M.

• Warren, W. Dalton

• Mortimer, Jack
  (col. cook)

• Perrineau, Isaac
  (col. cook)

COMPANY B, 25TH REGIMENT.

                                           

Lloyd, Edward W.	Captain
Hannahan, Joseph S.	Captain
Blum, Robert A.	First Lieutenant
Burger, Sam'l J.	First Lieutenant
Greer, Henry I.	First Lieutenant
Greer, Richard W.	Second Lieutenant
Taft, Robert M.	Second Lieutenant
Bomar, J. Edward	Brevet Second Lieutenant
Lanneau, Fleetwood	First Sergeant
Simons, T. Grange	First Sergeant
Marion, Jno. F.	Second Sergeant
Jamison, Wm. H.	Second Sergeant
Gyles, Frank E.	Second Sergeant
McLeod, Robt. A.	Third Sergeant
Oliver, Frederick K.	Third Sergeant
Force, Alexander, W.	Fourth Sergeant
Whittaker, Wm. M.	Fifth Sergeant
Caldwell, J. Shapter	Fifth Sergeant
Gaillard, Jno. P.	First Corporal
Hayes, LeRoy W.	First Corporal
Laurence, R. De Treville	Fourth Corporal
Gray, Alfred	Fourth Corporal

Privates.

• Atkinson, Anthony O.

• Adams, Etsell L.

• Baker, Geo. S.

• Beckman, Christian J.

• Bomar, Geo. W.

• Blakely, R.

• Brown, Samuel N.

• Brown, T. K.

• Butler, H. W.

• Boyce, J. Jeremiah

• Burns, Lawrence T.

• Brown, J. H.

• Cochran, Wm.

• Cantwell, Pat. H.

• Copes, Frederick

• Culler, W. V.

• De Treville, Ed. W.

• Devoe, James H.

• Doucin, P. M.

• Dorre, C. Frederick

• Dibble, Marion W.

• Duff, A.

• Edmondson, George

• Estell, Henry P.

• Flynn, Wm. E.

• Flynn, W. H.

• Force, George H.

• Flynn, Charles H.

• Gadsden, Thomas N.

• Gilliland, Daniel B.

• Gilliland, Edward B.

• Glover, Jno. B.

• Glover, Leslie

• Gibbs, Isaac B.

• Grady, James T.

• Grady, Edward

• Graham, Stephen G.

• Grice, George D.

• Greer, W. Robert

• Happoldt, J. H.

• Houston, Jno. H.

• Hernandez, B.

• Johnston, Chas. H.

• Lanneau, J. Bennett

• Lebby, Thos. D.

• Little, Wm.

• Logan, E. W.

• Mathews, Christopher

• Molloy, Lawrence E.

• Martin, Jno. C.

• Mellard, J. Pettigrew

• Mellard, Joel P.

• Moffitt, Geo. H.

• Moore, Wm. H.

• Murray, D. D.

• Myers, H.

• McCutchen, R. G.

• McDowell, Robt. H., Jr.

• McMillan, W. F.

• Muller, R.

• Ortman, Louis

• Ortman, Henry

• O'Hara, W. P.

• Oliver, Thos. P.

• Prior, Barney R.

• Riecke, Gerhard

• Renneker, Fred. W.

• Renneker, J. Henry

• Robbins, E. Frank

• Saltus, Samuel

• Schulte, J. Herman

• Shaffer, R. Randolph

• Shaffer, Wm. H.

• Shaffer, C. P.

• Simons, W. Lucas

• Silcox, James

• Silcox, Daniel S.

• Scherer, John

• Shecut, J. Fraser

• Smith, Jno. B.

• Stocker, John D.

• Strong, S. J.

• Taft, A. Walton

• Tavernor, J. H.

• Tharen, Edward B.

• Trumbo, Augustus S.

• Warren, Benjamin W.

• Westendorff, Chas. H.

• Williamson, Chas. A.

• Williams, Henry H., Jr.,

• Wittschew, E.

• Woodberry, Stratford B.

• Wilkie, Octavius

• West, Chas. H., Jr.

• Hunter, T. (col. cook)

• Lawrence, J. (col. cook)

COMPANY C, 25TH REGIMENT.

                                 

China, Thos. J.	Captain
Logan, Calhoun	Captain
Montgomery, Henry, Jr.	Second Lieutenant
Brockington, Burrows P.	Second Lieutenant
China, J. Randolph	Second Lieutenant
Montgomery, S. Isaac	Second Lieutenant
Scott, Junius E.	Second Lieutenant
Tootman, Jno. M.	Sergeant
China, Samuel M.	Sergeant
McClary, G. Franklin	Sergeant
Mitchum, Sylvester S.	Sergeant
Montgomery, Samuel	Corporal
Epps, J. Henry	Corporal
Baker, Major R. D.	Corporal
Jayroe, John W.	Corporal
Montgomery, Isaac	Corporal
McKnight, Wm. H.	Corporal

Privates.

• Ard, Edward G.

• Ard, S. Reuben

• Ard, James, Jr.

• Ard, Joseph

• Allen, Drue A.

• Adams, D. Elliott

• Brown, Harvey J.

• Brown, Madison A.

• Barrineau, J. Thomas

• Barrineau, R. Henry

• Barrineau, Edwin M.

• Barrineau, Ebbin G.

• Barrineau, Geo. W.

• Browder, S. Warren

• Brabham, J. Augustus

• Brabham, John

• Brown, James M.

• Brockinton, William

• Cook, T. James

• Cook, W. Dorsey

• Cook, Elihu R.

• Cooper, Archie B.

• Dennis, Edward G.

• Dennis, Samuel R.

• Duke, W. David

• Duke, Robert E.

• Duke, Benjamin F.

• Duke, Thomas J.

• Duke, David M.

• Ellis, Ellie S.

• Footman, Henry E.

• Feagin, J. Alfred

• Feagin, Madison S.

• Feagin, Richard

• Gist, George

• Guess, William

• Guess, G. Adolphus

• Guess, Burgess M.

• Gamble, Robert K.

• Gamble, Isaac K.

• Garner, Henry S.

• Graham, Samuel

• Grayson, Harvey L.

• Grayson, John M.

• Johnson, J. Bird

• Johnson, Edward

• Jaudon, Dicky J.

• June, Samuel N.

• James, Wm. E.

• James, Samuel S.

• Jones, J. Ferdinand

• Kelly, John W.

• Kelly, Elbert J.

• Kaler, James E.

• Lee, Isaac E.

• Logan, Washington D.

• Liles, Robert K.

• Lambert, A. Jack

• Mitchum, J. Sessions

• Martin, Ebbin R.

• Martin, J. James

• Montgomery, S. Edgar

• Montgomery, T. Warren

• Montgomery, Edward P.

• Montgomery, J. Alexander

• Montgomery, J. Franklin

• Montgomery, Wm. J.

• Montgomery, James B.

• McConnell, Thomas A.

• Mathews, James M.

• McCrary, S. Alex.

• McClary, Lidney B.

• McClary, Wm. D.

• Mouzon, Wm. E.

• Murphy, J. Calvin

• McCants, John E.

• McKnight, Daniel Baker

• Owens, J. Manson

• Parsons, Wm. H.

• Parsons, A. Jack

• Parsons, George

• Pressley, Hugh M.

• Pendergrass, Jno. M.

• Pendergrass, B. Robert

• Rush, Emory W.

• Shaw, H. David

• Smith, Erwin R.

• Smith, David M.

• Tisdale, Wm. W.

• Wilson, Pinckney

• Wilson, John

• Young, W. Henry

• Young, James H.

• Young, Levi E.

COMPANY D, 25TH INFANTRY.

                           

McKerrall, Wm. Jasper	Captain
Haselton, James	First Lieutenant
McKay, Daniel J.	First Lieutenant
Bethea, Pickett P.	Second Lieutenant
Smith, Marcus L.	Second Lieutenant
Alford, Artemus	Sergeant
Richard, Meyer	Sergeant
McIntyre, Joseph	Sergeant
Barfield, Jesse	Sergeant
Sweet, David	Corporal
Cox, Lewis J.	Corporal
Greenwood, E. B.	Corporal
Herring, Jno. C.	Corporal
Herring, Marcus C.	Corporal

Privates.

• Turbeville, George

• Allen, John

• Atkinson, Tulley

• Barrentine, Wilson

• Berry, Nathan

• Blackman, David

• Barrentine, Nelson

• Bullard, P. D. B.

• Barnett, D.

• Beverly, Douglass

• Coward, Ansel

• Candler, William

• Candler, Noah

• Cook, Hiram

• Coats, Evander

• Cottingham, Wesley

• Coals, James

• Candler, Wm., Sr.

• Coleman, Louis

• Clark, Johnson

• Carter, Henry

• Daniel, Harllee

• Drew, R.

• Daniel, Dargan

• Drew, Turrentine

• Drew, John W.

• Edge, John

• Edge, Hamilton

• Foxworth, John

• Foxworth, W. K.

• Freeman, Robert

• Freeman, Rob.

• Gaddy, J. J.

• Graham, James

• Godbold, James V.

• Graves, W. M.

• Goodbad, Eli

• Graham, E.

• Hoyt, Hugh

• Hoyt, Washington

• Herring, D. M.

• Hamilton, Whitner, Jr.

• Hunt, George

• Hunt, Charles

• Hunt, P. C.

• Hays, W. M.

• Hays, Nicholas W.

• Hays, W. C.

• Hays, H. R.

• Hays, R. H.

• Hays, A. G.

• Hays, Jesse H.

• Hays, E. W.

• Hays, C.

• Hairgrove, Wm.

• Hairgrove, W. H.

• Haselden, James

• Hyatt, Hugh

• Hyatt, John

• Herlong, James

• Ikner, James

• Johnson, J. F.

• Jordan, Jacob

• Jackson, J. R.

• Johnson, George

• Johnson, Barney

• Jones, F. D.

• Keever, David A.

• Kennedy, Evander

• Lane, Ferdinand

• Lane, Franklyn

• Lundy, John

• Lovell, J. W.

• Lane, Robert

• Lane, S. D.

• Lundy, Wm.

• McCorkle, J. F.

• Mekins, Phillips B.

• Mekins, Oscar

• McKnight, J. E.

• Moore, G. W.

• Norton, Sandy

• Nees, John

• Owens, Hewitt

• Owens, Lott

• Ransom, John

• Rushing, James

• Riley, D. S.

• Rucker, Ruff

• Smith, J. K.

• Redman, Jake

• Turner, Willis, Jr.

• Turner, Martin

• Turner, Joel

• Tart, G.

• Withington, W. G.

• Watson, David

• Wilkes, James

• Wilkinson, James

• Wood, John

• Yates, Wm.

COMPANY E, 25TH REGIMENT.

                                         

White, Robert D.	Captain
Mazyck, Nat B.	Captain
Bythwood, Mat W.	First Lieutenant
Mims, Alfred James	First Lieutenant
Duc, Virgil	Second Lieutenant
Durbee, F. Eugene	Second Lieutenant
Lalane, Geo. M.	Second Lieutenant
Prince, John E.	Second Lieutenant
May, P.	Sergeant
Norris, E. J.	Sergeant
Dunn, Geo. A.	Sergeant
King, John	Sergeant
Sanders, Joseph T.	Sergeant
Mahoney, William	Sergeant
Milligan, H. A.	Corporal
McEvoy, P.	Corporal
McLeish, Jno.	Corporal
Manning, John	Corporal
Vocelle, Leon	Corporal
Kettleband, S. D.	Corporal
Gory, P.	Corporal

Privates.

• Adams, Geo. P.

• Arnum, M. V.

• Arnum, W. D. P.

• Abrams, A. F. W.

• Bilton, John J.

• Bilton, William

• Bilton, George

• Baker, Fred. G.

• Brooks, J. D.

• Burns, John

• Bain, M.

• Brennan, John

• Boyce, W.

• Burck, E.

• Broughton, J. J.

• Bergen, P. J.

• Campsen, J. H.

• Carey, M.

• Carpenter, W.

• Christophel, M.

• Crosby, James

• Cohen, Julius

• Doughty, E. B.

• Daggett, J. W.

• Dunn, James

• Dallwick, L.

• Duc, John E.

• Dufort, J. L.

• Easterby, S. D.

• Englert, John W.

• Flotwell, R.

• Farris, J. E.

• Frank, Joseph

• Foster, C. H.

• Fourcher, V.

• Fannigan, T.

• Funk,

• Gerkin, E. H.

• Gordon, W. C.

• Gordon, J.

• Gaymon, M.

• Gerry, Wm., Jr.

• Haselton, D. B.

• Hall, George

• Husseman, H. H.

• Hirsch, Melvin J.

• Hutson, J. H.

• Hudson, Elias

• Hutson, Edward R.

• Halverson, J. H.

• Ittner, J.

• Jacobs, F.

• Johnson, Jno. R.

• Jones, J. W.

• Jones, William

• Kressell, Frank

• Kenny, J.

• Lalane, Paul B.

• Laler, M.

• Long, John

• Leitch, Gilbert M.

• Lolly, J.

• Laverne, J.

• Marshburn, E. H.

• Mahoney, D.

• Martin, John

---

431





• McIntyre, Thomas

• Morris, J.

• Metts, John

• Meyers, John

• Nickerson, A. J.

• Nickeson, G. W.

• O'Mara, John

• O'Mara, William

• O'Brien, D.

• Petit, George W.

• Phillips, Lemuel M.

• Pundt, A. M.

• Peck, O. M.

• Puckharber F.

• Papham, J. R.

• Preston, Jno. F.

• Ruger, Wm. T.

• Rosis, J.

• Reeves, George

• Rose, A.

• Ryan, J.

• Speissegger, T. W.

• Smith, Thomas

• Smith, P.

• Smith, Joseph

• Sevetus, S.

• Stay, W. P.

• Schroder, John

• Schroder, Claus

• Seele, Charlie

• Stewart, Richard

• Sanran, H.

• Smith, John S.

• Stafford, H. R.

• Trainer, J.

• Vanderpool, L.

• Voyleberg, L.

• Vayler, C.

• Vocelle, A.

COMPANY F, 25TH REGIMENT.

                               

Sellers, M. Henry	Captain
Harper, Leonidas A.	Captain
Evans, John G.	Second Lieutenant
Shuler, Franklin E.	Third Lieutenant
Wise, Wade W.	Lieutenant
Carson, Robert J.	First Sergeant
Hart, Capers H.	Sergeant
Gramling, Mike W.	Sergeant
Fralic, W. J.	Sergeant
Avinger, A. P.	Sergeant
Dantzler, B. M.	Sergeant
Dantzler, E. L.	Corporal
Prickett, J. W.	Corporal
Ulmer, Thomas W.	Corporal
Way, D. A.	Corporal
Harmon, J. W.	Corporal

Privates.

• Avinger, D. J.

• Avinger, Lewis H.

• Barber, G. D.

• Barsh, W. F.

• Braddy, D.

• Braddy, E. W.

• Clayton, D. J.

• Clayton, W. W.

• Clayton, F. R.

• Dantzler, Arthur P.

• Dantzler, Henry F.

• Dantzler, J. N.

• Dantzler, W. H.

• Dantzler, Lewis W.

• Dantzler, George M.

• Dantzler, Fred. W.

• Dantzler, Ervin P.

• Davis, O. S.

• Davis, Thomas

• Davis, Morgan A.

• Douglas, Brince

• Evans, R. M.

• Felder, Carson E.

• Felder, O. J.

• Fertic, Boyd

• Fertic, Charles

• Fertic, George

• Fertic, John

• Fertic, Joseph

• Fersner, Wm. F.

• Fersner, Frank

• Fersner, Lawrence W.

• Fogle, W. J.

• Golson, J. D.

• Gramling, Martin
  Luther

---

432





• Griffin, A. B.

• Griffin, James

• Griffin, Henry

• Griffin, John

• Griffin, Silas D.

• Grainger, Henry E.

• Haigler, F. M.

• Haigler, F. G.

• Heckle, A. J.

• Heaner, Jno. C.

• Holmes, Sam

• Houck, Daniel D. S.

• Huffman, David J.

• Huffman, W. R.

• Huffman, John

• Jones, James

• McIver, David A.

• McIver, Bruner A.

• Murray, D. D.

• Meyers, Fred.

• Meyers, J. W.

• Ott, Samuel

• Ott, J. Frank

• Pailer, O. J.

• Parler, Leonidas

• Prickett, J. H.

• Rast, J. T.

• Rooke, E. C.

• Rucker, John

• Rucker, Henry

• Rickenbacker, Nicholas
  F.

• Shirar, Henry

• Shuler, Erastus V.

• Shuler, F. Pinckney H.

• Shuler, George L. V. S.

• Shuler, D. G. B.

• Shuler, Merrick W.

• Snell, W. D.

• Smoak, A. A.

• Smoak, A. E.

• Staley, H. J.

• Stroman, Charles

• Stroman, Emanuel

• Spigener, Edward

• Stone, Adam

• Smith, J. W.

• Smith, R.

• Shurlnight, Lon

• Strock, William

• Strock, E. B.

• Taylor, Middleton E.

• Taylor, Pinckney H.

• Thompson, D. V.

• Ulmer, F. F.

• Ulmer, G. L.

• Vogt, L. C.

• Walling, Jos. A.

• Walling, R.

• Walling, Jas.

• Wannamaker, Irvin W.

• Way, Wad B.

• Wiles, Henry

• Wiles, William

• Wiles, G. A.

• Wiles, V. P.

• Zeigler, Fred.

• Zimmerman, R. D.

• Zimmerman, W. C.

ST. MATTHEWS CO., 1ST REGIMENT.

Privates.

• Barber, John

• Bookhart, D. B.

• Evans, Lewis W.

• Evans, R. F.

• Godfrey, Pink

• Hungerpeler, J. T.

• Hart, Tom C.

• Jones, L. C.

• Mims, F.

• Powers, George

• Rush, Davie H.

• Shuler, P. C.

• Way, James F.

• Williams, Capers

COMPANY G, 25TH REGIMENT.

                               

Glover, John V.	Captain
Izlar, Jas. Ferdinand	Captain
Kennerly, Samuel N.	First Lieutenant
Dibble, Samuel	First Lieutenant
Elliott, George H.	Second Lieutenant
Graves, Joseph	Second Lieutenant
Izlar, Benjamin Pou	Orderly Sergeant
Hook, J. Hilliard	Sergeant
Rast, Jacob E.	Sergeant
Izlar, William Valmore	Sergeant
Culler, L. Hayne	Sergeant
Shoemaker, Ira T.	Sergeant
Paulling, William	Corporal
Kohn, Theodore	Corporal
Robinson, Jude	Corporal
Kennerly, J. Robert	Corporal

Privates.

• Adger, A. M.

• Austin, Morgan L.

• Arant, James H.

• Antilley, M. Furman

• Ashe, John

• Ayers, D. A.

• Bailey, Henry

• Bailey, Charles

• Benton, J. W.

• Bozard, Jacob C.

• Bozard, John S.

• Bozard, David T.

• Bozard, Steven E.

• Brabham, Lawrence F.

• Bronson, Marion D.

• Brown, Henry

• Brown, David

• Bruce, James P.

• Bull, W. Aiken

• Collins, A.

• Crawford, Wm. E.

• Crider, Geo. B.

• Culcleasure, D. J.

• Culler, W. Wesley

• Culler, J. W.

• Culler, Jacob

• Dantzler, J. M.

• Dantzler, David W.

• Dantzler, Manley J. D.

• Darnold, Esau

• Darnold, S. C.

• Dibble, Frederick S.

• Fairy, Geo. W. B.

• Frieze, Franz J.

• Froberg, H.

• Hall, Sylvanus

• Hall, Samuel R.

• Holman, Jas. M. O.

• Holstein, Joseph A.

• Hook, Samuel P.

• Hook, John

• Hook, Lawrence L.

• Inabinet, A. Jeff.

• Inabinet, Frank S.

• Inabinet, Charles G.

• Inabinet, E. E.

• Izlar, Lauriston Theodore

• Izlar, Adolphus Madison

• Irick, Laban A.

• Irick, Alex. D.

• Irick, Elliott H.

• Jenkins, Lewis W.

• Meredith, William C.

• Moody, W. A.

• Murphy, Emanuel

• Murphy, David F.

• Myers, Esau

• Myers, Luther

• Myers, Fred.

• O'Cain, Jno. M.

• Ott, Elmore

• Ott, Elias

• Ott, J. David

• Rast, Fred. M.

• Rast, Lewis

• Rawlinson, Moses

• Rawlinson, Abram S.

• Rawlinson, Wm. J.

• Rives, Wm. C.

• Robinson, Murray

• Rush, Lewis F.

• Scott, Junius L.

• Sanders, Ben H.

• Shultnight, Low

• Smoak, Andrew J.

• Stokes, Jefferson

• Syphret, Obadiah J.

• Sanford, Jesse

• Tatum, Jno. S. C.

• Taylor, William W.

• Wolfe, Edward M.

• Wolfe, Peter

COMPANY H, 25TH REGIMENT.

                               

Hammond, Sam'l LeRoy	Captain
Bartless, Wm. H.	Captain
Seabrook, Whitmarsh H.	First Lieutenant
Hammond, F. G.	Second Lieutenant
Rush, E. W.	Second Lieutenant
Jacob, F. C.	Second Lieutenant
Ramsey, J. T.	Second Lieutenant
Prickett, J. H.	Second Lieutenant
Toye, R. G.	First Sergeant
Horton, R. A.	First Sergeant
Oliver, F. K.	Sergeant
Rochester, W. A.	Corporal
Lamb, Robert	Corporal
Williams, M. R.	Corporal
Brown, F. H.	Corporal
Fagan, J. H.	Corporal

Privates.

• Adams, A.

• Adams,

• Ardas, G.

• Ashe,

• Baugh, M.

• Baugh, L.

• Bartley, J. L.

• Bentley, E. B.

• Bergin, R. H.

• Cunningham, W. H.

• Cook, Alexander

• Crawford, Major

• Chastine, W. B.

• Dobbins, T. C.

• Davis, James

• Davenport, J. C.

• Ducine, P. M.

• Doling, John

• Dunn, J.

• DuBose, S. C.

• Dougherty, F.

• Drose, T. C.

• Evans, J. R.

• Esta, J.

• Farrell, H. C.

• Farmer, E.

• Green, P.

• Gordon,

• Gray, James

• Gary, J. W.

• Gregorie,

• Hodgson, P. P.

• Hyman, J. C.

• Hyman, T.

• Hall, G.

• Hyde, J. C.

• Jones, Henry

• Jones, William

• James, H. V.

• Kelly, J. C.

• King, R. W.

• Keenan, P.

• Lynch, E.

• Long, J.

• Lee,

• Matthews, H. W.

• Matthews, W. J.

• McFeely, J. G.

• McAlister E.

• Moore, R. A.

• Metts, W. D.

• Moise, H. C.

• Mezzer, James

• Melton, E. F.

• Murphy, L. D.

• McCalvey, A. C.

• Maul, H. C.

• Mullins, F.

• McCoy, R.

• O'Donnell, E.

• Odom, J. A.

• Odom, James

• Powell, C.

• Powell, D.

• Powell, E.

• Pearson, J. W.

• Popham, G. H.

• Pundt, A. M.

• Peck, C. M.

• Reed, J. R.

• Ronan, P.

• Rivers, C. H.

• Rosis, J.

• Sears, G. P.

• Stephens, James

• Smith, James

• Steadham, G. D.

• Scott, O. H. P.

• Seignous, J. P.

• Smoak,

• Thompson, A.

• Wescoat, St. J. D.

• Wallace, Barney

• Williams, A.

• Wolfe.

COMPANY I, 25TH REGIMENT.

                               

Butler, Y. N.	Captain
Burgess, J. C.	Captain
Logan, John J.	Captain
Brown, F. B.	Second Lieutenant
Felder, R. F.	Second Lieutenant
Cockran, Jno. W.	Sergeant
Lowder, W. A.	Sergeant
Bagnal, J. Moultrie	Sergeant
Fleming, J. W.	Sergeant
Arledge, Thomas W.	Sergeant
Ridgway, Reuben F.	Sergeant
Haley, H. V.	Corporal
Tobias, Thomas E.	Corporal
Freeman, Wm. D.	Corporal
Plowden, Wm. B.	Corporal
Evans, J. L.	Corporal

Privates.

• Anderson, A. G.

• Barnes, James

• Burgess, James A.

• Brunson, Josiah C.

• Bell, Jas. M., Jr.

• Bell, Manning A.

• Burgess, D. J.

• Burgess, S. H.

• Burgess, Jno. A.

• Barwick, Geo. W.

• Brewer, J. F.

• Barnes, Francis

• Burgess, Robert B.

• Burgess, J. Calvin

• Brogden, Joseph

• Burgess, W. R. (M. D.)

• Burgess, Andrew

• Cockran, Allen

• Cutler, James

• DeLoach, Nelson

• Davis, J. Elbert

• Dickson, Geo. W.

• Evans, Peter

• Evans, C. W.

• Evans, J. H.

• Evans, T. Rush

• Evans, Joseph W.

• Ervin, L. Nelton

• Fleming, B. F.

• Fleming, H. F.

• Fleming, H. L. B.

• Fleming, W. D.

• Fleming, S. W.

• Gamble, Thomas E.

• Gamble, John

• Gibbons, Gabriel

• Hodge, A. J.

• Hodge, S. N.

• Hodge, E. S.

• Hodge, W. J.

• Haley, F. W.

• Haley, Isaac A.

• Hill, N. H.

• Hodge, J. N.

• Hodge, Jas. D.

• Hodge, Samuel

• Herrington, Kinder

• Johnston, F. M.

• Johnson, Daniel

• Johnson, Jno. J.

• Jacobs, Mitchell

• Johnson, Pinckney

• Johnson, Neighbor

• Knowlton, Jno. W.

• Kelly, Jno. M.

• Lowder, C. A.

• Lowder, J. J.

• Lowder, H. S.

• Lowder, J. O.

• Loyd, Santa

• McCullough, Wm.

• McIntosh, John F.

• Mixon, A. W.

• Moyd, E. M.

• McDonald, R. D.

• Pelt, John

• Plowden, Jno. M.

• Plowden, J. C.

• Pendergrass, Jno. M.

• Pendergrass, B. R.

• Plowden, Joseph

• Richburg, Canty

• Richburg, Jas. H.

• Richburg, Joseph E.

• Richburg, Jno. A.

• Ridgeway, J. N.

• Raffield, Thomas N.

• Rodgers, William

• Rodgers, John

• Rodgers, Ervin

• Rodgers, J. Ladson

• Reardon, D. E.

• Ridgeway, Jno. M.

• Richburg, B. D.

• Richburg, J. N.

• Setzer, Alfred

• Steadham, G. D.

• Smith, Wm. A.

• Stukes, F. M.

• Tobias, Isaac N.

• Tobias, Wm. M.

• Tobias, F. W.

• Tobias, J. W.

• Tobias, J. Henry

• Tobias, Thomas N.

• Timmons, J. A.

• Timmons, Wm. J.

• Teetz, Martin

• Tindal, A. J.

• White, Isaac B.

• White, H. Y.

• White, H. T.

• White, Wm. R., Jr.

• Witherspoon, R. J.

• Weston, Geo. W.

• Whitehead, R. W.

• Worsham, Joseph

• Worsham, Peter

• Windham, Flinn

COMPANY K, 25TH REGIMENT.

                         

Gordon, W. B.	Captain
Lesesne, E. R.	Captain
Lesesne, T. J.	First Lieutenant
McDonald, S. W.	First Lieutenant
Lesesne, C.	First Lieutenant
Saltus, William	Second Lieutenant
Davis, T. B.	First Sergeant
Cooper, J. J.	Sergeant
Lifrage, T. M.	Sergeant
Mims, J. N.	Corporal
Micham, W. E.	Corporal
Micham, Sam	Corporal
Matthews, C. M.	Corporal

Privates.

• Altman, W. T.

• Ard, John

• Ard, E.

• Ard, B.

• Barfield, T. E.

• Blakeley, S. S.

• Browder, E.

• Browder, McK.

• Browder, W.

• Browder, G.

• Browder, B. R.

• Browder, J.

• Byrdick, W. R.

• Byrdick, W.

• Brunson, J. H.

• Baggott, J. A.

• Blakely, T. W.

• Cannon, R. J.

• Cubstead, W. J.

• Cubstead, J. E.

• David, John

• Davis, John

• Davis, T. H.

• Davis, W.

• Dennis, T. J.

• Dennis, A. J.

• Dennis, W.

• Duke, W. D.

• Evans, W. T.

• Flowers, J. J.

• Gamble, J. W.

• Gamble, A. M.

• Hicks, B.

• Hodge, J. C.

• Horn, W. W.

• Hodge, J. H.

• Keels, T. T.

• Kirby, J. H.

• Lamb, J. H.

• Lesesne, P. H.

• Lesesne, W. C.

• Lovell, B. L.

• Lamb, Samuel

• Martin, G.

• McConnell, S. L.

• McConnell, W. H.

• Mictham, J. S.

• Mictham, B.

• Mictham, T.

• Player, J. G.

• Player, J. D.

• Player, L.

• Pipkin, J. R.

• Rowell, W. T.

• Smith, W. W.

• Smith, F. N.

• Stukes, W. N.

• Scott, M.

• Scott, J. F.

• Scott, L. V.

• Salters, John

• Terry, G. W.

• Thomas, J. D.

• Thomas, E.

• Tanner, J. B.

• Thomas, H. B.

• Wilder, B.

• Wilder, John

• Wilder, L.

• Wilder, S.

• Windham, John

• Walters, J. P.

FIELD AND STAFF OF 7TH S. C. BATTALION OF ENFIELD RIFLES.

                                                     

Nelson, Patrick H.	Lieutenant-Colonel
Rion, James H.	Lieutenant-Colonel
Nelson, Patrick H.	Major
Blair, L. W. A.	Major
Rion, Jas. H.	Major
Hannahan, R. B.	Surgeon
Tabor, Chas. R.	Captain and Assistant Surgeon
Weston, Wm.	Captain and Assistant Surgeon
Profest, Wm. K.	Acting Assistant Surgeon
Harrison, Levi	Captain and Assistant Quartermaster
Mosely, R.	Captain and Assistant Commissary
Nelson, Warren R.	First Lieutenant and Adjutant
Thomas, Wm. M.	First Lieutenant and Adjutant
Irby, A. P.	First Lieutenant and Ensign
Mayrant, Wm.	Color Bearer and First Sergeant
Outz, J. H.	Color Bearer and First Sergeant
Robertson, Jno. B.	Color Bearer and First Sergeant
Cooper, Preston	Color Bearer and First Sergeant
Remington, Geo. W.	Color Bearer and First Sergeant
Elmore, Albert R.	Sergeant-Major
Fooshee, James W.	Sergeant-Major
Gadsden, Christopher	Orderly Sergeant
Pate, Henry	Orderly Sergeant
Smith, Joel A.	Orderly Sergeant
Baum, Mannes	Commissary Sergeant
Harrison, Jno. D.	Commissary Sergeant
Nunnamaker, Henry	Quartermaster Sergeant

COMPANY A, 7TH BATTALION, INFANTRY.

                       

Blair, L. W. R.	Captain
Lucas, Benj. S.	Captain
McCaskell, Finley	First Lieutenant
Segurs, Dove	Second Lieutenant
Gardner, J. W.	Second Lieutenant
McCask, Allen	Second Lieutenant
Hough, Moses	Second Lieutenant
McSween, Wm.	Sergeant
Tiller, H. D.	Sergeant
Horton, J. E.	Sergeant
Hargraves, J. E.	Sergeant
Newman, B. S.	Third Corporal

Privates.

• Burns, Isaac

• Outlaw, M. J.

• Outlaw, B. F.

• Bethune, Daniel M.

• Clyburn, Jno. H.

• Gardner, S. L.
  (Corporal)

• McLaurin, Dan'l

• Pitts, J. C.

• Campbell, Jno.

• Campbell, Chas.

• Yarborough, W. A.

• McLauren, J. A.
  (Corporal)

• Atkinson, W. H.
  (Color)

• Allen, Elias

• Allen, W. A.

• Allen, W. W.

• Anderson, John

• Atkinson, J. J.

---

438





• Brannar, Elias

• Brannon, J. E.

• Bateman, W. J.

• Blackwell, T. J.

• Blackwell, M. T.

• Blackwell, U. A.

• Berry, J. W.

• Bone, J. W.

• Bone, J. E.

• Bruce, James

• Barnes, R. E.

• Bethune, N. A.

• Beasley, S.

• Cameron, W. J.

• Cato, James

• Caston, J. W.

• Clyburn, J. Henry

• Clyburn, W. A.

• Copeland, Moses

• Daniels, W. N.

• Douglas, Ed.

• Douglas, James

• Davis, T. H.

• Dunn, T. P.

• DeBruhl, Jesse E.

• Evans, T. P.

• Folsom, S. T.

• Gardner, S. T.

• Gardner, T. D.

• Gardner, W. J.

• Gardner, D. W.

• Gee, W. N.

• Hall, C. L.

• Hall, F. M.

• Hall, J. M.

• Hall, Joseph

• Hall, L. McC.

• Hall, John J.

• Hall, James

• Hall, J. R.

• Hall, J. E.

• Hammerslaugh, S.

• Harris, A. T.

• Hough, Amos

• Hough, Samson

• Hyatt, C. W.

• Hyott, J. W.

• Horton, Ransom

• Horton, J. S.

• Horton, J. W.

• Herron, J. E.

• Herron, Samuel

• Hopkins, James

• Holland, T. R.

• Johnson, Noel

• Jordan, Colin

• Jones, N. W.

• Jones, Calvin

• King, G. B.

• King, G. P.

• King, George

• King, J. E.

• Kelly, J. F.

• Lucas, S. D.

• Leach, John

• Marshall, A. C.

• Mosely, Isaac

• Mosely, Milberry

• Mosely, Reddick

• McCaskill, J. D.

• McCaskill, J. H.

• McCaskill, C. W.

• McLendon, Wm.

• McGourgan, A.

• McGourgan, Jno.

• McLaurin, Angus

• McPherson, L. B.

• Mixon, J. S.

• Mixon, L. S.

• Daniel, Peter

• Murchison, Columbus

• Newman, Nelson

• Newman, J. H.

• Newman, J. T.

• Newman, B. W.

• Newman, Milberry W.

• Nichols, Isaac

• Norris, George

• Norris, A. C.

• Outlaw, Curtis

• Parker, Michael

• Phillips, S. F.

• Rodgers, W. J.

• Rodgers, S. C.

• Rodgers, J. D.

• Randolph, W. F.

• Randolph, Thomas

• Radcliff, W. C.

• Raley, A. W.

• Shaw, William

• Shirley, J. E.

• Sinclair, James

• Sinclair, John

• Stein, Henry

• Scarborough, B. A.

• Stokes, E. E.

• Stokes, Simeon

• Stokes, W. J.

• Stokes, Ephraim

• Stokes, E. J.

• Smith, John

• Shumaker, G. N.

• Surles, E. M.

• Tiller, John

• Tiller, J. M.

• Tiller, P. W. C.

• Turner, R. J.

• Turner, B. J.

• Warr, H. L.

• Waters, Thomas

• Watkins, E. M.

• Watkins, J. A.

• Watkins, P. H.

• Watkins, Jesse E.

• Watkins, Jno. E.

• Watkins, J. J.

• Warley, B. M.

• Watson, James

• Webb, Samuel

• West, Joseph

• West, R. E.

• Woodham, Jno. W.

• Williams, A. N.

• Yarborough, Wilson

• Yarborough, J. C.

• Yarborough, E. N.

• Young, Samuel

COMPANY B, 7TH BATTALION.

                                     

Rion, James H.	Captain
Harrison, Jno. R.	Captain
Kennedy, John L.	Captain
Douglas, S. Wade	Captain
Tidwell, Jno. S.	Captain
Isbelle, H. Lawrence	First Lieutenant
Cason, Jas. P.	First Lieutenant
Kennedy, R. W.	Second Lieutenant
Cook, S. Henry	Second Lieutenant
Harvey, W. A.	Lieutenant
Phillips, R. W.	First Sergeant
Duke, S. H.	Sergeant
Smith, Joel A.	Sergeant
Gerig, Francis	Sergeant
Gadsden, C. E.	Sergeant
Rabb, Jas. K.	Corporal
Duke, H. Oscar	Corporal
Fraser, Daniel	Corporal
McDonald, Jas. M.	Corporal

Privates.

• Abbott, D.

• Abbott, John

• Abbott, J.

• Allen, J. A.

• Anderson, T.

• Bailey, J. A.

• Bagley, W. L.

• Barber, G.

• Barber, N. C.

• Barber, T. J.

• Barker, T. W.

• Baum, M.

• Bell, E. H.

• Black, L. D.

• Blizzard, D. A.

• Blizzard, E. J.

• Blizzard, J. T.

• Brazill, D. L.

• Bookhart, J. A.

• Boyd, John

• Broom, E. T.

• Broom, C. P.

• Boney, Jno. T.

• Brown, J. L.

• Brown, J. W.

• Brown, W. C.

• Carter, D.

• Castles, J. S.

• Cloud, D. G.

• Cloud, J. F.

• Cloud, T. E.

• Cohen, Morris

• Cooper, W. J.

• Cork, John

• Coleman, J. F.

• Cotton, J.

• Crawford, D.

• Christmas, Thos. II.

• Crawford, S. L.

• Crawford, T.

• Crosby, C. N.

• Crosby, R. F.

• Crumpton, Z. A.

• Dawkins, H.

• David, Morris

• Dickey, Chas. A.

• Dunbar, H. A.

• Dunbar, S. B.

• Dunlap, P. W.

• Dye, J. L.

• Easler, Adgena

• Easler, E.

• Easler, John

• Eastler, H.

• Eastler, James

• Estes, E. W.

• Estes, W.

• Evans, W. D.

• Faust, J. J.

• Field, R. W.

• Gladden, James

• Gladden, Silas

• Gibson, D. H.

• Goza, E. A.

• Gray, G. M.

• Grunnell, Jos. S.

• Hammond, H.

• Harrison, Eli

• Harrison, J. Edmunds

• Hayes, C.

• Haynes, E. W.

• Hagood, H. W.

---

440





• Hagood, Joel

• Hagood, J. A.

• Hagood, G. M.

• Hinnant, A. R.

• Hinnant, J. S.

• Hobbs, J. A.

• Hogan, M. A.

• Hollis, J. L.

• Hood, H. E.

• Hood, J. J.

• Hood, J. T.

• Howell, Sam'l M.

• Huey, A. M.

• Jamison, A. L.

• Jamison, W. H.

• Jeffers, R. L.

• Jeffers, A. McK.

• Johnson, R. Thos.

• Kelly, W. D.

• Kennedy, A. B.

• Kennedy, John

• Kennedy, J. F.

• Kennedy, J. T.

• King, Benjamin

• Land, F.

• Lewis, R.

• Levister, J.

• Lee, J. S.

• McDonald, Leander

• McGrath, H. A.

• McGrath, N. C.

• McIntyre, John

• McLain, W.

• McCully, J.

• Melton, L.

• Mobley, R. L.

• Mundle, J. D.

• Murray, W. B.

• Martin, G. E.

• Neely, J. B.

• Neil, J. H.

• Ooten, Thos.

• Perry, Allen

• Peake, D.

• Perry, Isaac

• Perry, J. J.

• Perry, S. G.

• Perry, S. N.

• Perry, W. F.

• Poteat, Jacob A.

• Powers, James

• Powers, Lawrence

• Propst, H. E.

• Propst, W. K.

• Price, C. P.

• Price, E.

• Rabb, W.

• Rains, J. M.

• Reid, D. J.

• Rimer, A.

• Robinson, J. A.

• Roe, W. F.

• Rose, J. A.

• Rose, W. C.

• Rosbore, J. F.

• Rush, W.

• Sharp,

• Scott, J. Y.

• Sexton, J. B.

• Shepard, W. W.

• Smith, W. W.

• Sims, T.

• Simpson, J. D.

• Starnes, J. W.

• Steel, J. A.

• Sterling, J.

• Stevenson, S. H.

• Stevenson, R.

• Stevenson, S.

• Stewart, J. Dallas

• Stewart, J.

• Stewart, W.

• Stone, J.

• Tidwell, C. L.

• Thomas, W. L.

• Trapp, Allen

• Watts, J. A.

• Watts, J.

• Wilson, John

• Wilson, J.

• Wilson, J. W.

• Wilson, D.

• Wilson, J. M.

• Williamson, J. C.

• Wooten, T.

• Wright, J. C.

• Wyrick, J. Z.

• Young, C. B.

COMPANY C, 7TH BATTALION.

                                       

Sligh, Wm. H.	Captain
Pearson, A. W.	Captain
Mankin, Joel R.	Captain
Howell, Malley	First Lieutenant
Bell, E. H.	First Lieutenant
Elmore, Franklin H.	Second Lieutenant
Taylor, Wm. H.	Second Lieutenant
Sligh, T. W.	Third Lieutenant
Hill, W. D.	Third Lieutenant
Davis, Elihu	First Sergeant
Telford, Wm.	Second Sergeant
Johnston, Henry	Third Sergeant
Wilson, W. M.	Fourth Sergeant
McGill, Wm. P.	Fifth Sergeant
Hawkins, William	Corporal
Braswell, James	Corporal
Daniels, Starke	Corporal
Neil, R. Y.	Corporal
Kelly, Asa C.	Corporal
Medlin, Wesley	Corporal

Privates.

• Abbott, Wesley

• Antonio, L. W.

• Arledge, Moses

• Augustine, Sam

• Bayley, James

• Boyer, Moses

• Broughton, Edward

• Broughton, Frank

• Brown, Allen

• Bysander, B.

• Campbell, D.

• Campbell, John

• Campbell, Thos., Sr.

• Campbell, Thos., Jr.

• Cloud, D. G.

• Coleman, A.

• Cook, John

• Cooper, Eben

• Corder, Henry

• Corder, James

• Corley, Jas. D.

• Cotton, N.

• Daniels, Edward

• Daniels, Nathan

• Daniels, Starke

• Davis, David

• Davis, James

• Davis, John

• Davis, R.

• Davis, Thomas

• Davis, W. D.

• Dennis, Gabriel

• Deveaux, S. L.

• Dorritty, Thomas

• Elders, John

• Evans, James

• Faust, John

• Futril, Sam'l

• Garner, James

• Gibson, Nicholas

• Gibson, S. D.

• Goins, Ainsley

• Goins, Henry

• Goins, Ransom

• Goins, Wesley A.

• Haithcock, Hopkins

• Hawkins, Augustus

• Hawkins, Jno. C.

• Hawkins, Peter S.

• Hill, John

• Hill, Lonnie

• Hood, John

• Hornsby, J.

• Hornsby, Wesley

• Horton, Samuel D.

• Hughes, A. F.

• Huggins, Daniel

• Huson, Robert S.

• Hussey, George

• Jacobs, Chris.

• Jones, Wesley

• Justice, Hilliard

• Justice, William

• Kelley, F.

• Kelley, James

• Kelley, Pleasanton

• Lee, James

• Lomas, William

• Lorick, J. A.

• Lovett, Frederick

• Lovett, Robert

• Lovett, Thomas

• Marsh, Jonathan

• Martin, Asa

• Martin, D.

• Martin, Joseph

• Martin, Phillip

• Martin, Thomas

• Maxey, John

• Mayrant, James

• Mayrant, John

• McCrady, A.

• McCrady, James

• McLain, Daniel

• McNeill, Henry

• McNeill, James, Jr.

• Medlin, Daniel

• Medlin, E.

• Medlin, Hilliard

• Medlin, Isaac

• Medlin, John

• Medlin, Samuel

• Miles, H.

• Mitchell, D. D. D.

• Morrill, Alexander

• Outen, Daniel

• Powers, James

• Price, Chas.

• Price, Frederick

• Price, George

• Price, Hugh

• Price, John

• Price, Thomas J.

• Price, Thos. N., Jr.

• Rials, John

• Rials, Thomas

• Rush, William

• Senn, Jacob

---

442





• Shannon, D. Davis

• Sharpe, George

• Sharpe, Samuel

• Shirley, Rich

• Shirley, William

• Sidler, Jesse

• Sightler, H.

• Smith, George

• Smith, Henry, Jr.

• Smith, Henry, Sr.

• Smith, John

• Starke, Wm. Pinckney

• Strange, Henry

• Strickland, John

• Thomas, W.

• Thompson, Sam

• Thornton, John

• Thornton, Peter H.

• Trapp, Levi

• Turnipseed, Edward

• Usher, J. C.

• Watts, William

• Welch, J. J.

• Welch, T. R.

• Wells, John

• Wells, William

• Windom, O. K.

• Williams, Daniel

• Williamson, Wade

• Williamson, William

• Wilson, M. F.

• Wilson, McKenzie

• Wilson, Thomas

• Wilson, Wm. M.

• Wooten, Dan

COMPANY D, 7TH BATTALION.

                                       

Jones, J. L.	Captain
Clyburn, W.	First Lieutenant
Young, E. A.	First Lieutenant
Mosley, R.	Second Lieutenant
Cunningham, R. J.	Second Lieutenant
Young, R. W.	Second Lieutenant
Malone, W. R.	First Sergeant
Clyburn, L. L.	Sergeant
Goodale, J. R.	Sergeant
Wilson, T.	Sergeant
Jones, W. J.	Sergeant
Cauthen, W. C.	Sergeant
Bell, L. C.	Corporal
Young, M. J.	Corporal
Young, G. W.	Corporal
Lewis, R. T.	Corporal
Twitty, L. M.	Corporal
Young, W. J.	Corporal
Sheorn, J. A.	Corporal
Cauthen, L. M.	Corporal

Privates.

• Adams, W.

• Allen, J. W.

• Atkinson, R. R.

• Ballard, J. F.

• Banks, J. M.

• Bailey, D.

• Barnes, G. W.

• Bell, J. L.

• Boon, S.

• Boon, Z.

• Boon, J. W.

• Brace, J. T.

• Brazil, L.

• Brown, T. W.

• Brown, J. T.

• Billings, C. T.

• Bryant, W.

• Bullock, G. N.

• Capell, H.

• Carroll, J.

• Cauthen, J. M.

• Cauthen, W. C.

• Cauthen, W. B.

• Cauthen, L. M.

• Clyburn, J. C.

• Clyburn, J. N.

• Copeland, D. J.

• Copeland, G. B. T.

• Carter, J. F. G.

• Coward, J. H.

---

443





• Dabney, J. H.

• Dabney, J. A.

• Davis, A. E.

• Dixon, G. L.

• Denton, W. C.

• Duren, W. R.

• Dunlap, R. M.

• Elmore, A.

• Elmore, D.

• Farmer, J. A.

• Farmer, E. J.

• Falconburg, J. A.

• Ferrell, J. R.

• Fitzpatrick, T.

• Gardner, R. J.

• Gardner, W. R.

• Gaskins, J. G.

• Gaskins, J. B.

• Gaskins, R.

• Gillrane, M.

• Green, J.

• Gray, S. F.

• Griggs, J.

• Henderson, W. M.

• Henderson, J.

• Herbert, S.

• Holland, J. C.

• Holland, J. R.

• Horton, T. C.

• Kelley, H.

• Kelley, J. J.

• Kirby, F.

• Latta, R.

• Lewis, W. H.

• Meggs, S.

• Mickle, J.

• Marshall, J. C.

• McNeill, D.

• McNaughton, W. D. N.

• Moseley, C. L.

• Moore, W.

• Moseley, J. C.

• Munn, D. A.

• Munn, D. M.

• Outlaw, R.

• Payton, B. M.

• Peach, D.

• Pendergrass, J.

• Price, D. K.

• Quinlin, G. M.

• Randolph, H.

• Ray, N.

• Reaves, D.

• Reaves, D. R.

• Rider, L. F.

• Roe, A.

• Rutledge, W. F.

• Rutledge, J. E.

• Ryan, G. R.

• Sanders, P.

• Self, S.

• Self, W. F.

• Spears, B. F.

• Smith, D. R.

• Smith, William

• Smith, W.

• Smyrl, Thos. I.

• Stokes, W. C. J.

• Stuckey, A.

• Sutton, T. G.

• Thomas, J. H.

• Thorne, J. R.

• Wall, W.

• Warren, J. M.

• White, R. J.

• Williams, J. B.

• Williams, J. N.

• Wilson, J. T.

• Wilson, J.

• Young, A.

• Vincent, J.

COMPANY E, 7TH BATTALION.

                                         

Boykin, B. E.	Captain
Gaillard, Phillip P.	Captain
Ross, James M.	First Lieutenant
Sanders, A.	Second Lieutenant
Lenoir, Thos. W.	Second Lieutenant
Goodale, Jno. R.	Second Lieutenant
Harvey, W. A.	Second Lieutenant
Bracey, J. H.	Sergeant
Ross, W. A.	Sergeant
Atkinson, Chas. M.	Sergeant
Gayle, J. Robert	Sergeant
Hox, Thomas	Sergeant
Richardson, Thomas	Sergeant
Cater, John J.	Sergeant
Moody, W. M.	Corporal
Sanders, Jas. A.	Corporal
Brown, Wm. R.	Corporal
Benton, J. W.	Corporal
Thompson, J. S.	Corporal
Berry, Jas. J.	Corporal
Frost, Charles E.	Corporal

Privates.

• Anderson, W. E.

• Allen, James A.

• Allen, J. P.

• Ammons, Alcien

• Ammons, James

• Belk, S. Lawson

• Belk, Joseph A.

• Bracey, Ransom M.

• Brown, Rich C.

• Brown, Simon

• Brunson, B. D.

• Bradley, Herbert

• Cater, James

• Cater, Wm. H.

• Cater, Henry

• Chambers, S. Oliver

• Chewning, Jas. H.

• Cheatham, W. H.

• Crawford, D.

• Cain, James

• Deas, Henry

• Dunbar, Adam H.

• Dunbar, Robert

• Dixon, Benjamin

• DuBose, William C.

• Easterling, E. M.

• Goza, E. A.

• Gerrald, Wm. C.

• Goodale, Joseph

• Gatlin, John T.

• Gaillard, James E.

• Haley, Jno. B.

• Haley, James B.

• Haley, Ferdinand B.

• Hendricks, James R.

• Hatfield, James W.

• Ives, James M.

• Ives, William T.

• Jolly, John J.

• Jenkins, Lodolphus F.

• Jeffers, A. McKenzie

• Leach, Wm. T.

• Moore, L. A.

• McIntosh, James

• McDowell, James T.

• McKenzie, Langdon C.

• Mitchell, John M.

• Morris, Henry

• Morris, William

• Moody, Charles E.

• Myers, Thos. S.

• Nunnery, Anderson

• Nunnery, Peter

• Nunnery, Peter P.

• Prescott, Thos. D.

• Phillips, Henry D.

• Shull, Martin A.

• Sanders, John

• Sanders, Garner

• Scott, Abijah

• Scott, Henry

• Scott, Geo. W.

• Scott, James J.

• Stuart, Dallas

• Thompson, Jno. A.

• Willson, Wm. H.

• Willson, S. G.

• Willson, John

• Willson, Wylie

COMPANY F, 7TH BATTALION.

                                         

Segar, Dove	Captain
McSwan, William	First Lieutenant
Horton, Jas. Ervin	Second Lieutenant
Tiller, Henry D.	Lieutenant
Raley, Andrew W.	Lieutenant
King, Gillam P.	Lieutenant
Gardner, Stephen L.	Sergeant
Kelly, Jas. F.	Sergeant
Hough, Sampson	Sergeant
Pate, Henry	Sergeant
Phillips, Steven F.	Sergeant
McCaskill, Jas. H.	Sergeant
Gardner, Thos. D.	Sergeant
Sowell, James E.	Sergeant
Turner, Benjamin J.	Corporal
Folsom, Stephen T.	Corporal
Dunn, Thomas P.	Corporal
Horton, James S.	Corporal
West, Joseph	Corporal
Raley, Reddick	Corporal
Newman, Jno. T.	Corporal

Privates.

• Bone, James E.

• Bone, William W.

• Bruce, James

• Barnes, Reddin E.

• Barnes, William

• Bennen, Neill J.

• Bell, Robert J.

• Blacknell, Geo. P.

• Cato, James

• Cato, Wm. T.

• Cato, William

• Caston, Jno. W.

• Cantey, Thos. R.

• Culpeper, Jno. H.

• Copeland, Thos. R.

• Clanton, Lovick

• Campbell, Benjamin

• Campbell, James

• Davis, Thomas H.

• Dickson, Jesse

• Elliott, William

• Folsom, Wm. W.

• Folsom, Jno. J.

• Gardner, D. Whitfield

• Gardner, Wm. J.

• Gardner, Milus L.

• Gee, Wm. N.

• Gibson, Nathan W.

• Hall, James

• Hall, Wm. E.

• Hall, Jacob R.

• Hall, Joseph

• Holland, Thomas R.

• Holland, James

• Holland, Thomas

• Herron, James E.

• Herron, S. Samuel

• Horton, Ramsour

• Horton, Jas. Wyatt

• Horton, Thomas R.

• Hopkins, James

• Hopkins, Lucius

• Hopkins, Malcolm

• Hough, Laban C.

• Hough, I. Sheppard

• Hollis, Hiram F.

• Hagood, Jesse M.

• Holleyman, Geo. W. L.

• Hogan, J. L.

• Hornsby, Jesse

• Ingram, Moody

• Jones, Richard T.

• Jones, John T.

• Jones, Nathaniel W.

• Jones, Samuel N.

• Jamieson, C. Alex.

• King, George

• Kennington, George W.

• McCaskill, C. Wesley

• McCaskill, Wm. P

• McLendon, William

• McLendon, Elias

• McLendon, Gillis

• McGougan, Angus

• McGougan, John

• McGougan, Archibald

• Moseley, Reddick

• Miller, R. Peel

• Munn, Henry J.

• McCoy, Benjamin D.

• Newman, John H.

• Newman, B. Wylie

• Newman, M. W.

• Newsom, Henry

• Norris, Hubert

• Outlaw, Curtis

• Pace, J. L.

• Phillip, Robert J.

• Phillip, Chas. I.

• Phillip, Geo. W.

• Phillip, W. Riley

• Phillips, S. F.

• Pate, Levi, Jr.

• Pate, Chapman

• Raley, Dove

• Raley, William

• Radcliff, Wm. C.

• Robinson, James

• Robinson, Hilton

• Rains, Muses B.

• Smith, John

• Searles, Edward M.

• Shumake, Geo. N.

• Stroud, Lilly T.

• Stroud, Jno. M.

• Stokes, C. Spencer

• Scott, Timothy

• Sutton, J. Fred

• Sowell, Wylie

• Sullivan, James

• Shaw, J. Duncan

• Turner, Benj. D.

• Turner, Robert J.

• Thompson, Wm. B.

• Thompson, Henry

• Tiller, Joseph J.

• Thorne, Thos. S.

• West, Joseph

• Watkins, Jesse E.

• Warley, B. M.

• Watkins, Jas. J.

• Watkins, Jno. E.

• Warr, H. L.

• Ware, Henry L.

• West, Richard E.

• Woodham, J. Wesley

• Williams, Alex. N.

• Williams, Jas. E.

• Warren, Wylie L.

• Young, Samuel

• Yarborough, Eben N.

• Yarborough, Thos. G.

• Young, Sam

COMPANY G, 7TH BATTALION.

                             

Clyburn, William	Captain
Clyburn, L. L.	First Lieutenant
Taylor, W. J.	Second Lieutenant
Sligh, Thos. W.	Second Lieutenant
Clyburn, L. C.	First Sergeant
Rabb, Jas. K.	Second Sergeant
Mayrant, J. G.	Third Sergeant
Smyrl, Thos. J.	Third Sergeant
Smith, Joel A.	Fourth Sergeant
Murray, Wm. B.	Fifth Sergeant
Cooper, Pres.	Color Sergeant
Shears, B. F.	First Corporal
Daniels, Edmund	Second Corporal
Cooper, W. J.	Third Corporal
Horton, Thos. C.	Fourth Corporal

Privates.

• Augustine, S. W.

• Brown, E. T.

• Bagley, W. L.

• Broughton, E. L.

• Bradley, D. T.

• Baskins, W. D.

• Cooper, J. P.

• Corder, Jas. A.

• Clyburn, J. N.

• Dickey, C. A.

• Dean, G. A.

• Drakeford, W. H.

• Fields, R. H.

• Gaskins, J. D.

• Gilliam, Martin

• Gardner, C. L.

• Gardner, W. R.

• Gardner, H. N.

• Gaskins, G. W.

• Gay, C. B.

• Holland, J. R.

• Holland, Jno. C.

• Horton, J. C.

• Hughes, A. F.

• Hornsby, J. D.

• Honey, Henry

• Hall, H. H.

• Henson, Henry

• Hocutt, Richard

• Hays, James

• Hill, J.

• Justice, Hilliard

• Justice, William

• Jones, L. C.

• Jeffers, Thomas

• Kirby, T.

• Kirby, John

• King, Benjamin

• King, Edmund

• Latta, Robert

• Martin, Thomas

• Martin, Phillip

• Mikell, Joseph

• Motley, Samuel

• Morris, J. J.

• Marsh, James

• McMullin, A. L.

• Marshall, J. C.

• McKennon, L.

• Munn, D. D.

• McNeill, Henry

• Medlin, C.

• McDowell, A. J.

• Nelson, Columbus

• Nelson, Francis

• Outlaw, Bentley

• Outlaw, Richard

• Outlaw, Rosier

• Pendergrass, Joseph

• Price, Thos. N.

• Peach, William

• Phillips, E. D.

• Perry, Jno. J.

• Quinlin, G. W.

• Ryder, L. F.

• Roe, J. W.

• Robinson, J. W.

• Rabon, John

• Smith, Henry

• Smith, W. L.

• Sutton, G.

• Sutton, T. G.

• Self, G. W.

• Smyre, J. N.

• Stuckey, Anderson

• Tiller, H. A.

• Thorne, J. R.

• Villipigue, J.

• Ward, Allen

• Williams, J. B.

• Williams, J. N.

• West, Joseph

• Wilkes, William

• Wilson, John

• Wilson, W. M.

• Wilson, James

COMPANY H, 7TH BATTALION.

                                       

Brooks, J. Hampden	Captain
McCants, Thos. M.	First Lieutenant
Randall, B. J.	First Lieutenant
Weston, William	Second Lieutenant
Irby, A. P.	Second Lieutenant
Fooshe, J. W.	First Sergeant
Drennan, W. A.	First Sergeant
Walker, E. P.	Second Sergeant
Neal, Wm. M.	Third Sergeant
Motley, R. L.	Sergeant
Outz, J. H.	Color Sergeant
Rush, W. H.	Sergeant
Gregory, J. J.	Sergeant
Robinson, J. S.	Corporal
Brooks, S. J.	Corporal
Davis, W. S.	Corporal
Johnston, J. W. I.	Corporal
Braddy, J. G.	Corporal
Hunsucker, F. C.	Corporal
Robinson, Jno. B.	Color Sergeant

Privates.

• Addison, H. F.

• Addison, Hiram

• Addison, J. J.

• Bagley, W. R.

• Bailey, William

• Bailey, J. D.

• Bell, John

• Bell, Henry

• Boykin, H.

• Bird, Peter

• Cheatham, Alfred

• Cogburn, R. M.

• Cothran, S. N. B.

• Cotton, J. L.

• Cotton, T. W.

• Dougherty, B.

• Douglas, E. C.

• Dunning, Reeves

• Durst, G. E.

• Elkins, W. F.

• Ellenburg, John

• Ellenburg, Martin

• Fox, James

• Franklin, J. M.

• Franklin, W. M.

• Furness, Mathew

• Gates, Robert

• Coleman, Jacob

• Gray, Joel

• Guillebeau, J. C.

• Hammond, Asa

• Harris, J. W.

• Harrison, Robert

• Harvely, James

• Henderson, J. C.

• Hollingworth, E.

• Hollingworth, J. M.

• Holloway, J. S.

• Holloway, W. C.

• Johnstone, Randall G.

• Jones, D. M.

• Jones, W. H.

• Kennedy, A. D.

• Langley, T. R.

• Lasure, Fell

• Laddingham, J. W.

• Livingston, S. D.

• Livingston, Wm.

• McCants, G. B.

• McGill, A.

• McLaughlin, W. B.

• McManus, G.

• Milford, R. W.

• Martin, J. J.

• Miles, Stephen

• Miller, J. M.

• Miner, J. H.

• Miner, R. S.

• Powell, J. E.

• Prince, Oliver

• Roberts, D. S.

• Roberts, W. C.

• Rogers, Jasper G.

• Rush, H.

• Rush, Jacob

• Rush, J. H.

---

448





• Rush, J. N.

• Rush, W. A.

• Rambo, Warren

• Scott, T. A.

• Seay, William

• Shinall, G. W.

• Strickland, Starling

• Sturgeon, Thomas

• Sturgeon, R. D.

• Sturgeon, J. O.

• Shirley, Samuel

• Shinall, J.

• Stalnaker, D. F.

• Stalnaker, R.

• Stalnaker, T.

• Strange, Henry

• Street, R. J.

• Smith, E. P.

• Talbert, M. S.

• Taylor, Wm.

• Thomas, J. S.

• Thomas, Jesse

• Thomas, W. M.

• Tinkler, L. D.

• Tyson, W. C.

• Vandiver, J. B.

• Walton, J. F.

• Walton, J. S.

• Whittaker, N.

• Wyrick, L. V.

• Wideman, E.

• Wideman, F.

• Wideman, S. B.

• Wooten, W. T.

• Wright, B. B.

• Wright, E. C.

• Young, Alex.

• Young, J. M.

FIELD AND STAFF OF 27TH REGIMENT.

                         

Gaillard, Peter C.	Colonel
Blake, Julius A.	Lieutenant-Colonel
Ramsay, David	Major
Abney, Joseph	Major
Smith, R. Press	Captain, Quartermaster and Commissary
Smith, W. Mason	Adjutant and Lieutenant
Williams, Winthrop	Adjutant and Lieutenant
Simons, Alfred D.	Acting Adjutant and Lieutenant
Pressley, J. L.	Surgeon and Major
Cain, Jos. P.	Assistant Surgeon and Captain
Oxlade, Thomas	Sergeant-Major
Howland, W. E.	Commissary Sergeant
Notte, J. O.	Orderly Sergeant

COMPANY A, 27TH REGIMENT.
(Calhoun Guards.)

                               

Miles, Francis T.	Captain
Palmer, Barnwell W.	Captain
Axon, J. Waring	Captain
Easterly, John M.	Third Lieutenant
Webb, Daniel C.	Orderly Sergeant
Baker, Henry H.	Sergeant
Alexander, Geo. W.	Sergeant
Black, Samuel C.	Sergeant
Gadsden, Thomas	Sergeant
Smyser, J. William	Sergeant
Calvo, C. A.	Sergeant
Brown, Edmonds T.	Corporal
Britton, Richard A.	Corporal
Baker, Eugene B.	Corporal
Spady, Southey G.	Corporal
Britton, J. Francis	Corporal

Privates.

• Axson, Wm. J.

• Addison, Capers P.

• Brown, C. Pinckney

• Brown, Josiah S.

• Buist, Chas. B.

• Baker, Barnard E.

• Buckheister, J. Andrew

• Champlain, Jackson

• Choate, Eben

• Choate, Thomas

• Clayton, David B.

• Champlain, Edward

• Cherry, William

• Caldwell, Wm. A.

• Davis, Calvin T.

• Davis, G.

• Easterly, Washington N.

• Fengas, Hippolyte V.

• Gibbes, J. Perroneau

• Heriott, Wm. B.

• Hall, J. Gadsden

• Hall, F. M.

• Hammett, Ripley

• Horry, Edward S.

• Hughes, Henry M.

• Hughes, Edward

• Holmes, Isaac

• Innis, Chas. H.

• Irving, Dr. Aemelius

• Jervey, Theodore D.

• Jervey, Lewis

• Johnston, William

• Johnston, Pringle

• Jackson, Thomas

• Kingman, Oliver H.

• Kiddell, Theodore

• Martin, T. Ogier

• Mellichampe, Wm. S.

• Miot, Jno. C.

• Millikin, Adam E.

• Parker, Thomas

• Petigru, Dan'l

• Radcliff, Geo. T.

• Rankin, George F.

• Randall, Edward

• Schnierlie, Vincent

• Smith, James E.

• Smith, Julius

• Smith, Horace

• Shannon, Henry

• Sutton, William

• Swinton, J. Ralph

• Tennent, Josiah S.

• Tennent, Gilbert V.

• Trenholm, Paul C.

• Vincent, William

• Waring, Dr. Jno. B.

• Westendorff, Jas. S.

• Westendorff, Charles

• Webb, Paul H.

COMPANY B, 27TH REGIMENT.

                               

Simons, Thomas Y.	Captain
Clarkson, William	First Lieutenant
Sinkler, Wm. W.	Second Lieutenant
Masterman, Alfred H.	Second Lieutenant
Muckenfuss, Allen W.	Second Lieutenant
Chamberlain, Henry A.	First Sergeant
Wright, J. D.	Second Sergeant
McMahon, D.	Third Sergeant
Bluitt, A. J.	Fourth Sergeant
Gardner, Jas. A.	Fifth Sergeant
Summerall, Wm. H.	First Corporal
Buckheister, Wm. C.	Second Corporal
Crosby, Jno. C.	Third Corporal
McSweeny, M.	Fourth Corporal
Masterman, Edwin J.	Lance Corporal
Walsh, James	Lance Corporal

Privates.

• Arnold, John

• Anderson, Wm.

• Adams, Henry

• Addison, Jno. C.

• Addison, Jos. A.

• Betschman, John

• Bates, Henry

• Bowers,

• Boyd, Chas. J.

• Bee, Norman

• Burns, Edward

• Blocker, Hamilton W.

• Barnett, John

• Belcher, William

• Conlon, Jno. B.

• Christmas, Andrew J.

• Carey, Thomas

• Canten, Richard

• Conroy, Thomas

• DuPre, James C.

• DuPre, Joseph

• Doyle, George W.

• Donahoe, John

• De Veaux,

• Deverin,

• Edwards, John

• Edwards, Jno. W.

• Friend, Robert

• Foucher, J. Victor

• Floyd, John

• Gruber, Charles

• Gibbon, Michael

• Graser, George

• Gibbes, J. Reeves

• Herbert, Chas. W.

• Hollander, Matthew

• Hollander, John

• Hammett, Jno. C.

• Hanahan, Whitridge

• Halsall, William H.

• Hellers, William

• Harris, Jno. C.

• Harris, William

• Hynes, James, Sr.

• Hynes, James, Jr.

• Horlbeck, Edward

• Hughes, Thomas

• Johnson, John

• Johnson, Capers

• Johnson, Paul T.

• Knight, Absolom

• Kimmey, Francis E.

• Kirby, Lee

• Kirby, John M.

• Lamb, Wm. J.

• Lucas, George

• Littlejohn, John

• Littlejohn, George

• Lotz, Peter

• Lake, Edward

• Lake, John

• Linstedt, Henry

• Lindsay, Chas. T.

• Maull, Bernard P.

• Murphy, Timothy

• Moss, William

• Mabry, Jno. C.

• McCreery, William

• McAteer, John

• Molloy, John

• Murray, Thomas

• McDowell, Robert

• McCarthy, Lawrence

• Morrisey, Patrick

• McManus, Robert E.

• McLane, Wm. T.

• Nunan, Cornelius

• Neill, Daniel

• Nesbitt, Wm. J.

• Petch, Emanuel M.

• Phosphal, John

• Perry, John

• Perry, Robert

• Page, William

• Page, Henry

• Palmer, Lewis M.

• Phelan, Michael

• Pool, James M.

• Pearson, John

• Quinn, Russell

• Seabrook, E. Smyley

• Stutts, Mathew M.

• Seay, Henry M.

• Sweeney, Michael

• Steward, Richard

• Simon, Alfred D.

• Symmers, Geo. W.

• Symmers, Jno. H.

• Sullivan, Andrew J.

• Sheridan, Thos., Sr.

• Sheridan, Thos., Jr.

• Stevens, John H.

• Staley, John

• Sauls, Benjamin

• Smith, James

• Smith, John

• Sutcliffe, Wm. H.

• Sineath, Joseph A.

• Tavell, Edward

• Taylor, William H.

• Turner, C. C.

• Turner, Geo. W.

• Vaughan, Wm.

• Van-Wiper, Henry

• Wood, Robert

• Webb, Walter

• Wheeler, James G.

• Williams, Jefferson

• Whitlock, Wm. F.

COMPANY C, 27TH REGIMENT.

                           

Lord, Samuel	Captain
Brown, Geo. W.	Captain
Campbell, James	First Lieutenant
Hendricks, H. W.	Second Lieutenant
Riley, J.	First Sergeant
Connolly, P.	Second Sergeant
Ristig, W.	Third Sergeant
Wood, W. C.	Fourth Sergeant
Cassidy, J.	Fifth Sergeant
Dangerfield, R.	First Corporal
Smith, E. P.	Corporal
Jackson, A. M.	Corporal
Kirby, H. N.	Corporal
Sherer, Jno. M.	Corporal

Privates.

• Anderson, J. R.

• Ashe, J. J.

• Brown, J.

• Butt, J. F.

• Berry, W. P.

• Barry, W. L.

• Bomar, W. B.

• Bomar, J. E.

• Biggers, A. J.

• Biter, Alex.

• Beardon, S. S.

• Brown, S. S.

• Blake, Charles

• Bagwell, Jos. B.

• Braner, H.

• Baker, F.

• Boesch, J. J.

• Breene, P. J.

• Brice, A.

• Buchanan, C.

• Cooper, W.

• Caldwell, S. A.

• Caldwell, A. P.

• Childers, J.

• Chesney, G. W.

• Cassidy, D.

• Cook, H.

• Davis, P.

• Daly, T.

• Drummond, J. F.

• Duncan, Alexander

• Dugan, R. E.

• Eggerking, F. W.

• Evans, L. K.

• Edwards, J. P.

• Epps, B. W.

• Edwards, P.

• Faulbeer, A.

• Ferris, J. B.

• Falls, E. C.

• Flynn, J.

• Glenn, M.

• Gill, E. H.

• Griffith, J. G.

• Harshaw, H. J.

• Hughes, E.

• Hughes, J.

• Hesch, C.

• Hines, J.

• Hanna, J. C.

• Heigh, T. P.

• Heffner, M.

• Herbert, J. C.

• Hamby, A.

• Hudson, H. C.

• Harrington, W.

• Jeffers, B.

• Jackson, W. P.

• Kelly, John

• Lay, C.

• Lindon, I.

• Leive, E.

• Lawton, G. W.

• Lowry, S.

• Lipscomb, W. L.

• McDonald, A. A.

• McDavitt, J.

• McNeill, J.

• McCarley, J. M.

• McCaffrey, J.

• Michaelis, J. H.

• Malone, P.

• Maccabee, N. P.

• Maccabee, J. N.

• Miskelly, J. W.

• Mullings, W.

• Nagle, L.

• Patrick, C.

• Pierson, D. W.

• Pringle, J.

• Quinn, J. M.

• Quinn, R.

• Rhode, D.

• Robinson, A.

• Rees, B. F.

• Riley, J.

• Stanton, A.

• Sobbe, E.

• Seay, J. H.

• Sellers, R. A.

• Shillinglaw, W. A.

• Schultiess, E.

• Stack, J.

• Schroeder, H.

• Shoefflin, J.

• Seibert, F.

• Smith, E.

• Thomas, S. A.

• Taylor, H.

• Ussery, T. B.

• Weddigan, E.

• Whitehead, B.

• Watson, C.

• Wooten, J. H.

• Williamson, J.

• West, A. J.

COMPANY D, 27TH REGIMENT.

                                               

King, Henry C.	Captain
Hopkins, J. Ward	Captain
Cay, John A.	Captain
Wells, Joseph T.	First Lieutenant
Hopkins, Chas M.	First Lieutenant
Barbot, Peter J.	Second Lieutenant
Lance, A. St. John	Second Lieutenant
Stoney, Isaac D.	Second Lieutenant
Edwards, Jno. J.	Junior Second Lieutenant
Foster, Charles	First Sergeant
Arnold, Thomas	Sergeant
Smith, W. Kirkwood	First Sergeant
Beckman, Wm. W.	First Sergeant
Foster, Henry P.	Sergeant
Gilliland, Arthur	Sergeant
Saylor, Henry E.	Sergeant
Williams, Winthrop	Sergeant
Valentine, Isaac D.	Corporal
Neufville, H. S.	Corporal
Frouche, Augustus F.	Corporal
Dingle, G. Wesley	Corporal
Poole, Frank S.	Corporal
Starnes, Robert C.	Corporal
Stegin, J. H.	Corporal

Privates.

• Armstrong, D. A.

• Abrams, T. H.

• Alley, James A.

• Aldrich, C. F.

• Arlington, C. H.

• Austin, Sam'l

• Atkinson, T. W.

• Barbot, A.

• Barbot, A. A.

• Ball, Y. J.

• Ball, J. J.

• Bailey, Wm. A.

• Ballentine, G. P.

• Barksdale, J. C.

• Barksdale, Jno. A.

• Beadle, R. T.

• Beadle, B. A.

• Bee, Sandiford

• Bee, William E.

• Beason, Samuel

• Blanton, L. L.

• Bryson, Thos. J.

• Bryson, John H.

• Bumpers, A.

• Butler, John W.

• Bullington, D. G.

• Burns, W. L.

• Byars, N.

• Brown, J. S.

• Brown, A. J.

• Casey, Thomas

• Cash, M. S.

• Cannon, W. H.

• Colson, Andrew C.

• Cook, James C.

• Check, John

• Chandler, J. W.

• Chandler, J. J.

• Cleary, William

• Cleary, J. E.

• Clopton, G. W.

• Compton, W. B.

• Davis, W. A.

• Dewees, Thos. H.

• Davenport, J. C.

• Edgerton, Sam'l F.

• Ellison, A. E.

• Evans, R. C.

• Foster, Chas. B.

• Fickling, J. H.

• Fisher, Sam'l W., Jr.

• Fowler, Jno. F.

• Fowler, W. W.

• Fowler, James F.

• Fooshe, J. H.

• Fooshe, John

• Floyd, Miles

---

453





• Garland, W. H., Jr.

• Garrett, E. B.

• Garrett, T. B.

• Gibbes, Allen S.

• Graves, W. W.

• Graves, W. B.

• Grant, A. A.

• Griffin, W. H.

• Gyles, W. Alfred

• Hamilton, Jno. A.

• Harrison, F. M.

• Harrison, J. F.

• Haselton, E. E.

• Helames, J. H.

• Helames, W. H.

• Helames, Y. C.

• Hitch, S. G.

• Howland, Wm. E.

• Hughes, Thos. S.

• Hyde, Samuel T.

• Johnson, Thomas N.

• Johnson, Wm. W.

• Joel, John

• Kennedy, M. B.

• King, Wm. L.

• Knight, J. A.

• Lamotte, Henry J.

• Levin, S. M.

• Lindsay, Henry A.

• Lucius, J. R.

• Lockwood, Thos. P.

• Macbeth, Edward W.

• Macbeth, Wm. L.

• Mahoney, Michael

• Madden, Z. L.

• Madden, J. A.

• Madden, Moses

• Martin, H. H.

• Martin, L. D.

• Martin, S. B.

• Martin, L. S.

• Miller, David A.

• Miller, Daniel

• Milford, J. W.

• Milam, William

• Moodie, A. G.

• McPherson, J. M.

• Middleton, Thos., Jr.

• Moses, Edward L.

• Moore, W. B.

• Moore, R. L.

• Moore, J. H.

• McAbee, W. C.

• Martin, S. V.

• McCrady, J. P.

• Motes, A. Y.

• Nathans, J. N.

• Nelson, Josiah

• Nelson, W. A.

• Nelson, Thomas

• Owings, M. J.

• Owens, R.

• O'Sullivan, M.

• Pinson, Jno. H.

• Pinson, Jabez R.

• Plane, Thomas

• Poole, Andrew B.

• Pitts, James Y.

• Porter, Joseph H.

• Pope, M. T.

• Posnanski, Gustavus

• Roumillat, A. J. A.

• Ray, F. T.

• Reeder, R. S.

• Ried, C. Henry

• Redden, Henry

• Roberts, Jno. F.

• Rutledge, Jno. E.

• Saxon, J. F.

• Saxon, Jack

• Shaffer, Fred J.

• Stone, M.

• Smith, Whiteford S.

• Saylor, Jacob J.

• Strange, Perry

• Strange, J. A. W.

• Stroble, A. Stuart

• Suran, Henry T.

• Sweeney, J. R.

• Soxby, J. H.

• Switzer, L. O.

• Taylor, E. G.

• Tennant, Edward S.

• Tennant, Wm., Jr.

• Tennant, Chas. J.

• Terry, E. L.

• Theus, S.

• Timms, J. M.

• Toomer, Edward P.

• Tupper, James, Jr.

• Turner, John G.

• Walker, G. W.

• Walker, E. T.

• Walker, John

• Ware, W. A. J.

• Watts, R. S.

• Wells, Clement

• Wells, B. M.

• Watson, J. D.

• Withers, T. R.

• Withers, James

• Wilson, W. A.

• Wilson, A. B.

• Williams, J. C.

• Wheeler, G. R.

• Wharton, John

COMPANY E, 27TH REGIMENT.

                     

Chisolm, R.	Captain
Proctor, S. R.	First Lieutenant
Crooker, T. B.	Second Lieutenant
Remmerlin, S. M.	Brevet Second Lieutenant
Cady, W. N.	Second Sergeant
Jackson, J. M.	Fifth Sergeant
Davis, J. R.	Third Sergeant
Cady, T. N.	Fourth Sergeant
Wood, F.	First Corporal
Castin, W. J.	Second Corporal
Watts, W. P.	Third Corporal

Privates.

• Abney, J. B.

• Barse, D. J.

• Beck, M. J.

• Bolin, S. E.

• Brown, Josiah

• Brown, Joshua

• Brooker, B. D.

• Carson, J. C.

• Cartin, E.

• Cartin, W. C.

• Chapman, D. N.

• Crabtree, G.

• Coats, D. N.

• Craft, J.

• Cromer, J. R.

• Centerfield, S.

• Cockerell, J.

• Coffee, J. H.

• Dockins, L.

• Duncan, G. W.

• Duncan, T. J.

• Davenport, H.

• Fowler, R.

• Garrick, J. R.

• Gleaton, W. M.

• Gregory, John T.

• Hammond, H.

• Hallman, J. W.

• Hall, J. C.

• Hendrix, G. S.

• Humphries, M.

• Humphries, W. L.

• Hull, J. M.

• Jackson, J. P.

• Jones, L. M.

• Jones, W. F.

• Jones, J. A.

• Kissick, J. W.

• Kissick, T. R.

• Leach, J.

• Murphy, J. M.

• Madden, L. C.

• McGill, A.

• Nates, J. C.

• Neal, B.

• Neal, R. L.

• Owens, J. L.

• Owens, W. R.

• Owens, J. A.

• Poole, John

• Rice, J. N.

• Ready, J. P.

• Redmore, J. L.

• Rumbly, A. J.

• Shirey, S. W.

• Scott, F. T.

• Smith, E.

• Smith, W. S.

• Slaggs, R.

• Thrift, John

• Ulm, R. M.

• Varnes, W. M.

• Walker, James

• Wood, Jesse

• Whetten, A. M.

• Williams, D. N.

• Willson, J. C.

• Zeigler, D. F.

COMPANY F, 27TH REGIMENT.

                               

Allston, Thos. Blyth	Captain
Huguenin, Julius G.	Lieutenant
Stuart, Middleton	Lieutenant
Cater, E. P.	Lieutenant
Porcher, Chas. Pettegru	Cadet
Watts, Pickens B.	First Sergeant
Floyd, Thos. G.	First Sergeant
Gibbons, J. P.	Second Sergeant
Staubs, Jacob	Third Sergeant
Boozer, Jacob	Fourth Sergeant
Stone, W. L.	First Corporal
Lemon, W. O.	Second Corporal
Attaway, T. G.	Third Corporal
Kirby, Evander	Fourth Corporal
Boatwright, Eli	Corporal
Welch, Joseph	Corporal

Privates.

• Aaron, J. J.

• Arthur, J. T.

• Attaway, J. A.

• Aultman, Thomas

• Barfield, M.

• Barfield, W. H.

• Bailey, Samuel

• Bladon, T. J.

• Bowman, J. W. D.

• Brodie, M.

• Brown, William

• Bryant, J. T.

• Butler, C. W.

• Birkett, W. H.

• Benenhaley, Jno.

• Benenhaley, Randall

• Calder, Malcolm

• Calder, W.

• Calder, James

• Chandler, Isaac J.

• Cockerill, Wesley

• Coulter, Alexander

• Deas, Franklyn

• De Loach, George

• De Loach, Caleb

• De Loach, Allen

• De Loach, Wm.

• De Loach, Milledge

• Dean, John

• Desnoyers, L.

• Dorman, D.

• Earle, T. T.

• Floyd, W. H.

• Fulmer, W. T.

• Galloway, S. P.

• Galloway, W. T.

• Gant, W. H.

• Gibbs, Joseph

• Gibbs, Thos. E.

• Glisson, J. C.

• Graham, G.

• Goodman, J. H.

• Gibbons, J. C.

• Griffith, H. W.

• Hulon, Ervin

• Hunt, Chas.

• Hunt, George

• Healy, F. W.

• Healy, J. B.

• Jones, David

• Keaton, John

• Keels, D. E.

• Long, W. W.

• Long, Jno. M.

• Long, Wm.

• Logan, A. J.

• Logan, F. S.

• Lane, Jas. D.

• Lemmon, W. H. B.

• McDaniel, P. B.

• Moore, J. K.

• Moore, S. R.

• Moyd, E. M.

• Murrell, B. L.

• Newberry, A. McCants

• Padgett,

• Plunkett, C.

• Proctor, D.

• Rutland, Ezekial

• Reddy, James

• Reddy, Wm.

• Smith, S. M.

• Smith, James

• Seay, Geo. W.

• Smith, J. R.

• Singletary, Jno. J.

• Tanner, Edward D.

• Thomas, Oliver

• Thomas, Rowan

• Thomas, Huger

• Thomas, James

• Thomas, D. R.

• Thornhill, B. B.

• Tolson, B. G.

• Taylor, Henry

• Tanner, James

• Turner, G. W.

• Traynham, A. J.

• Taylor, J. W.

• Vausse, J. J.

• Vausse, A. E.

• Walden, J.

• Welch, S. W.

• Williams, J.

• Woodward, J. M.

• Walker, Nathaniel

• Woodward, W.

• White, J. W.

• Welch, Samuel

• Weaver, J. P.

• Weaver, Oscar

• Wightman, W. S.

• Wright, James

COMPANY G, 27TH REGIMENT.
(Charleston Sharpshooters or Palmetto Guards.)

                         

Buist, Henry	Captain
Holman, Edward H.	Lieutenant
Macbeth, Chas. J.	Lieutenant
White, Abbott B.	Lieutenant
Hart, Thos. C.	Sergeant
Mims, Fletcher	Sergeant
Bookhart, D. B.	Sergeant
Shuler, P. C.	Sergeant
Way, J. F.	Sergeant
Johnson, R. C.	Corporal
Gordon, J.	Corporal
Huffman, J. H. S.	Corporal
Burke, I. J.	Corporal

Privates.

• Ables, N.

• Andrews, W.

• Bailey, J. D. A.

• Barber, John

• Baum, C.

• Blakely, J. K.

• Brock, G.

• Bryant, B.

• Bryson, W.

• Bryson, J.

• Burgess, J.

• Burkitt, Wm.

• Burroughs, T. C.

• Campbell, W. J.

• Campbell, J. McD.

• Copeland, H.

• Crossley, E.

• Dodd, Dixon

• Duckett, J.

• Dunn, E.

• Dunford, A. J.

• Dunford, M.

• Emory, J.

• Evans, L. W.

• Floyd, D.

• Fuller, J.

• Gantt, Z.

• Gartman, S.

• Gilliam, B. B.

• Godfrey, T. P.

• Gossett, W.

• Grice, F.

• Givin, T. D.

• Givin, W. P.

• Givin, J.

• Hames, G.

• Hart, A. R.

• Harvey, Wm.

• Horsey, W.

• Hays, W.

• Hill, B. W.

• Hollingsworth, W.

• Huffman, M.

• Huffman, F.

• Hungerpeeler, Jim

• Irby, S. V.

• James, F.

• James, R.

• Jennings, J.

• Johnson, H.

• Jordan, H.

• Keaton, J.

• Kemerling, S.

• King, D. A.

• Knight, T.

• Lamb, J.

• Lambreth, R.

• Lartigue, E. J.

• Lamson, J.

• Leaird, D.

• Leaird, J. H.

• Leaird, J. J.

• Leaird, T. L.

• Leaird, I. J.

• Leaird, R. S.

• Lewis, J. R.

• Lewis, G. W.

• Lewis, T. J.

• Livingston, L. M.

• Lovett, W. L.

• Lucas, J. R.

• McMakin, W. G.

• Meadows, J.

• Moore, G. W.

• Moore, E. W.

• Neese, G.

• Neighbours, W.

• Neighbours, J.

• Nelson, T.

• Oshields, J.

• Perkins, T. C.

• Poole, L.

• Powers, G.

• Pyles, M.

• Rainwater, J. P.

• Rice, H.

• Riddle, S. T.

• Riddle, William

• Rodgers, A. M.

• Rodgers, L. P.

• Rourke, A. V.

• Shuler, C. E.

• Smith, William

• Smith, F. J.

• Smith, W. B.

• Smith, J. F.

• Stevens, J.

• Stone, J.

• Stone, W. A.

• Sumeral, J. H.

• Taylor, A. S.

• Teague, L. K.

• Templeton, R. J.

• Thomas, E.

• Tribble, C. E.

---

457





• Vise, J. E.

• Vogt, T. P.

• Waldrup, B. W.

• Ward, J.

• Whitmire, B.

• Whitten, M. B.

• Whitten, A.

• Wiles, P. E.

• Witkofsky, J.

• Woofe, R.

• Woodward, T. J.

• Woodward, H. P.

• Wyatt, R.

• Zeikle, A.

• Michael, B.

• McKenzie, A.

• Floyd, H.

• Floyd, W.

• Scott, A.

• John, Marco

COMPANY H, 27TH REGIMENT.

                                     

Ryan, W. H.	Captain
Mulvaney, J. M.	Captain
Allemong, A. A.	First Lieutenant
Burke, John	Second Lieutenant
Hogan, P. R.	First Lieutenant
Hogan, Thos. L.	First Sergeant
O'Neil, F. L.	First Sergeant
Carroll, Patrick	Second Sergeant
Ward, Daniel	Third Sergeant
Lee, Edward	Third Sergeant
Preston, Jno. F.	Fourth Sergeant
Madigan, Lawrence	Fourth Sergeant
Lanigan, Edward	Fifth Sergeant
Moran, Michael	Fifth Sergeant
Harrington, Wm.	First Corporal
Jager, J. Adolphus	Second Corporal
Conroy, John	First Corporal
Culleton, Patrick	Third Corporal
Doherty, Luke	Fourth Corporal

Privates.

• Brooks, Robert

• Bresman, Thomas

• Chandler, W. M.

• Callager, James

• Carmady, J.

• Carroll, Thomas

• Cavanah, Thos.

• Cullinane, M.

• Carey, Thomas

• Cummings, James

• Carroll, James

• Crowley, Richard

• Connelly, Thos.

• Cosgrove, James

• Dodds, George

• Divine, John L.

• Dougherty, James

• Driscoll, Timothy

• Dinan, William

• Dinan, Cornelius

• Dougherty, J. C.

• Dairy, Thomas

• Dunn, J.

• Edwards, James

• Edwards, John

• Egan, Thomas

• Fowler, James

• Fitzgerald, S.

• Flannigan, Patrick

• Flaherty, Thos.

• Fludd, Luke

• Flynn, James

• Gratton, Daniel

• Goodrich, Allan

• Goodrich, Henry

• Goodrich, Thomas

• Gleason, Thomas

• Gaffney, R.

• Hartwell, Michael

• Hancock, J.

• Hayden, Thomas

• Hurley, Jerry

• Hanley, Patrick

• Hanley, Edward

• Hill,

• Hogan, Patrick

• Howard, D.

• Hughes, Thos.

---

458





• James, T. C.

• Kenny, Peter

• Liddy, J.

• King, John

• Lipscomb, W. S.

• Lee, Edward

• Lee, Patrick

• Maher, John

• Molone, Jas.

• Molone, Thos.

• Murphy, Joseph

• Murphy, Tim

• Manion, Patrick

• Manion, Thomas

• Martin, Peter

• Millan, Charles

• May, John

• McManigal, Jas.

• McDonald, James

• McMahon, John

• Moloney, John

• Nunan, John

• O'Neil, D.

• O'Neil, Patrick

• O'Neil, Henry

• Phillips, James

• Ramey, Thos.

• Ryan, Edward

• Ryan, Thomas

• Reynolds, Samuel

• Sullivan, Martin

• Sheahan, Thos.

• Shelton, William

• Shannon, M.

• Todd, James

• Toole, Michael

• Walsh, James

• Walsh, J.

• Whelan, Rhody

• Whelan, Edward

• Wise, Thomas

• Wise, Richard

• Warren, Christopher

• Warren, John

• Wiley, Rudolph

• Wiley, Henry

COMPANY I, 27TH REGIMENT.

                                             

Blake, Julius A.	Captain
Walter, W. Dove	Captain
Salters, J. C.	First Lieutenant
Lynch, Frank	Second Lieutenant
Cudnorth, Arthur G.	Lieutenant
Trim, Wm. J.	Lieutenant
Patterson, E. R.	First Sergeant
Hurst, James	Second Sergeant
Lumbers, Frank	Sergeant
Pooser, B. W.	Sergeant
Swinton, Hugh	Sergeant
Guy, John W.	Sergeant
Jeannerette, E. N.	Sergeant
Roach, E. L.	Sergeant
Rowand, Robert	Sergeant
Seybt, Robt. F.	First Sergeant
Badger, Joseph	Corporal
Champlain	Corporal
Campbell, Geo.	Corporal
Badger, David	Corporal
Gouvenir, Julius	Corporal
Manude, J. A.	Corporal
Speissigger, C. A.	Corporal

Privates.

• Adams, C. D. C.

• Adams, John

• Adams,

• Adkins,

• Addickes, Henry

• Addickes, C. E.

• Anderson, W. H.

• Allen, Edward

• Buchanan, Thos.

• Bee, Norman

• Bee, John P.

• Brown, Edwin

• Barclay, James

• Badger, Joseph

• Betsell, Henry

• Bale, William

• Binder,

• Collins, Samuel

• Cheney, I. S. R.

• Colson, Henry

• Collier, Joseph

• Carstin, F. H.

• Carstin, C. G.

• Cheney, S.

• Davy, George

• Deal, William

• Danner, John M.

• Danner, A.

• DuBois, J.

• Egan, F. C.

• Egan, C. E.

• Gradick, Edward

• Gibson, Geo. B.

• Gowan, John F.

• Groverman.

• Grover, George

• Grover, John

• Horlbeck, Edward C.

• Ham, William

• Ham, H. U.

• Ham, Henry

• Hudgins, Henry

• Jordan, E. W.

• Johnson, T. H.

• Jarcks, G. H.

• Kelly,

• Lynch, F. L.

• Lequeux, Marion

• Miller, William

• McAbee

• McAbee,

• McIntosh, D.

• Maxie, George

• Maunde, J. A.

• Newton, T. E.

• Newton, H. D.

• Note, J. O.

• Oxlade, Thomas

• Oliver, Joseph

• Pollard, W. C.

• Pierce, Henry

• Powers, Thomas

• Rhodes, James

• Rhodes, George

• Randall, Henry

• Ryan, J.

• Ross, Jno. H.

• Riggs, J. S.

• Steinmeyer, James

• Seyle, William J.

• Sanders, Henry

• Suares, J. E.

• Sires, S.

• Sassard, J. A.

• Speissinger, L. P.

• Strain, William

• Thompson, John

• Thompson, J. W.

• Williams, Henry

• Wilder, J. F.

• Wood, James

• Young, Henry

• Zimmerman, W. A.

COMPANY K, 27TH REGIMENT.

                       

Clarkson, William	Captain
Harris, J. G.	First Lieutenant
Simons, A. D.	Second Lieutenant
Seay, R. B.	Brevet Second Lieutenant
McSweeny, M.	First Sergeant
Montgomery, P. S.	Sergeant
Collins, J. A.	Sergeant
Turner, T. H.	Sergeant
Lotzen, H. L.	Corporal
Chapman, W. D.	Corporal
Bishop, W. P.	Corporal
Perry, Wm. L.	Corporal

Privates.

• Anderson, Wm.

• Alley, R. C.

• Bates, G. W.

• Bishop, H.

• Blackwood, C.

• Bridges, G. H.

• Bragg, D. W.

• Brannon, J. J.

• Beardon, G. L.

• Cantrell, E.

• Cantrell, T. B.

• Cantrell, R. H.

• Cannon, T. H.

• Carlton, J. T.

• Carlton, M. S.

• Castleberry, J. H.

• Crosby, J. J.

• Conlin, J. B.

• Cooksey, T. L.

• Chapman, M. B.

• Davidson, H. M.

• De Young, William

• Duberry, D. J.

• Dupre, J.

• Edwards, W. P.

• Eskew, Y. D.

• Ford, M. D.

• Floyd, J.

• Floyd, M.

• Fowler, H.

• Foster, J. J.

• Gentry, H.

• Griffin, T. B.

• Griffin, N.

• Goforth, J. P.

• Harnes, L. B.

• Harnes, F.

• Harvey, J.

• Hawley, A. M.

• Henderson, M.

• Hendricks, T. M.

• Heller, William

• Hullender, M.

• Humphries, T.

• Horton, W. R.

• Kirby, L.

• Kirby, J. M.

• Kirby, L. C.

• Kay, James

• Lucas, George

• Lewis, Poser

• Lindsay, W. H.

• Lindstedt, H.

• Maul, B.

• Mayfield, J. M. C.

• McElrath, D. T.

• McElrath, J.

• McDowell, W. G.

• McCarter, S.

• Page, J. C. C.

• Parris, W. B.

• Perry, A. J., Sr.

• Pearson, J. T.

• Pearson, A. P.

• Pearson, G. L

• Poole, E. V.

• Poole, L.

• Powers, J. A.

• Quinn, A. R.

• Quinn, L. C.

• Ray, W.

• Rodgers, J. D.

• Roberson, J. R.

• Smith, A.

• Smith, J. P.

• Spell, J. D.

• Turner, H. H.

• Turner, Wm.

• Turner, B. O.

• Timmons, A. J.

• Vaughan, W. S.

• Williams, E.

• Wilson, W.

• March,
  (col. musician)

• Williams,
  (col. cook)

• Manly,
  (col. cook)

• Jeffrey,
  (col. cook)

FIELD AND STAFF, 11TH REGIMENT.

                                     

Heyward, W. C.	Colonel
Ellis, Dan'l H.	Colonel
Gantt, F. Hay	Colonel
Shuler, Wm.	Lieutenant-Colonel
Campbell, Robert	Lieutenant-Colonel
Izard, Allen C.	Lieutenant-Colonel
Smith, Benj. B.	Major
Harrison, Jno. J.	Major
Gooding, J. J.	Major
Fraser, Edward R.	Adjutant
Porter	Adjutant
Bell	Adjutant
Davis, Charles F.	Adjutant
Gantt, Richard P.	Assistant Quartermaster
Sams, B. B.	Commissary
Williams, A. English	Surgeon
Black, Benjamin	Assistant Surgeon
Gantt, Eldred S.	Sergeant
Ervin, Samuel	Commissary Sergeant

COMPANY B, 11TH REGIMENT.

                     

Westcoat, J. J.	Captain
Bowman, H. W. G.	First Lieutenant
Ellis, W. D.	Second Lieutenant
Stutts, R. R.	Second Lieutenant
Rumph, D. A.	Third Sergeant
Platt, John	Fourth Sergeant
Stutts, Geo	Second Corporal
Wilkinson, W.	Second Corporal
Black, John	Second Lieutenant
Farr, Thomas	First Sergeant
Martin, H. P.	First Corporal

Privates.

• Ayer, John

• Atkinson, W.

• Barr, James

• Benton, H.

• Benton, S.

• Branton, R.

• Blumingby, D.

• Bishop, M.

• Bowman, W.

• Bowman, N.

• Corley, John

• Caddin, W.

• Caddin, R.

• Cordes, G.

• Dilk, W. L.

• Doyle, A.

• Doyle, M.

• Driggers, John

• Floyd, M.

• Groomes, H.

• Groomes, R.

• Hollins, J.

• Hutson, J.

• Howard, W.

• Harris, W.

• Hucks, John

• Infinger, N.

• Johnson, G. A. T.

• Johnson, John

• Lester, James

• Lacey, Thomas

• Martin, Ed.

• Manning, James

• Mizzles, Joe

• Newton, A.

• Newton, George

• Pendavis, R.

• Platt, J. H.

• Price, W.

• Ritts, John

• Ritts, Thomas

• Rivers, B.

• Rose, A. W.

• Rudd, J. L.

• Rush, S.

• Rush, James

• Rictor, N. G.

• Simmons, J. L.

• Simmons, J. A.

• Thompson, James

• Thompson, Thomas

• Varner, M. T.

• Weatherly, J. D.

• Willis, J.

• Wood, W.

• Waldorf, A.

COMPANY B, 11TH REGIMENT.
(Added as Supplementary Roll.)

                                                       

Smith, Benj. B.	Captain
Meggett, Wm. C.	Captain
Westcoat, Julius J.	Captain
Corbett, D. H.	First Lieutenant
Dawson, J. H.	First Lieutenant
Bowman, W. H.	First Lieutenant
LaRoche, Richard	Second Lieutenant
Chaplin, E. D.	Second Lieutenant
Ellis, W. D.	Second Lieutenant
Simmons, W. C.	Second Lieutenant
Black, Jno	Second Lieutenant
Wilkinson, D. J.	Sergeant
Freshwater, J. H.	Sergeant
Farr, Thos	Sergeant
Stutts, R. R.	Sergeant
Wilkinson, J. M.	Sergeant
King, A. Sidney	Sergeant
LaRoche, Ed. D.	Sergeant
Bunch, Jno	Sergeant
Rumph, D.	Sergeant
Simmons, J. S.	Sergeant
Simmons, J. T.	Sergeant
Platt, Jno	Corporal
Wilkinson, J. O.	Corporal
Platt, Jno., Jr.	Corporal
McMillan, J.	Corporal
Martin, H. P.	Corporal
Malloy, Lewis	Corporal

Privates.

• Atkinson, W.

• Allen, J. T.

• Albers, James

• Barr, James

• Benton, H.

• Bishop, Hill

• Blumingburg, D.

• Bowman, W.

• Brantley, A. P.

• Benton, S.

• Bowman, W. J.

• Cadden, Wm.

• Cadden, Richard

• Cahill, P.

• Cordes, George

• Cordrey, J.

• Cammer, Lewis

• Davis, J.

• Dilk, W. L.

• Driggers, John

• Doyle, A.

• Doyle, Marion

• Daniels, A. W.

• Floyd, M.

• Gibson, O.

• Grimes, James

• Grooms, R.

• Grooms, H.

• Harris, W.

• Hollis, James

• Howard, W.

• Haynes, Alfred

• Hucks, John

• Hughes, O.

• Hutson, J.

• Hurdman, N.

• Infinger, Nat

• Jenkins, Geo. M.

• Jenkins, Jos. E.

• Johnson, Geo.

• Johnson, James

• Johnson, John

• Lacey, James

• Lester, Thomas

• Manning, Jas.

• Measels, John

• Martin, E. D.

• McGuire, J. J.

• Meagles, J.

• Newton, A.

• Newton, Geo.

• Pendavis, R.

• Prine, Wm.

• Ritts, John

• Ritts, Thomas

• Rector, N. G.

• Rivers, B.

---

463





• Rose, A. W.

• Rush, James

• Rush, J.

• Rush, C.

• Rush, S.

• Rudd, J. J.

• Seaborn, Wm.

• Shaw, William

• Simmons, J. A.

• Smith, W.

• Smith, W., Jr.

• Thompson, John

• Thompson, James

• Terry, S.

• Varner, M. T.

• Verrell, L.

• Veree, Wm.

• Waldorf, A.

• Weatherly, J. D.

• Willis, James

• Willis, A. J.

• Wilkinson, T. W.

• Wilkinson, W.

• Wilder, Jno. B.

• Washer, A. E.

• Williams, Benj.

• Whatley, Aleck

• Wood, N.

• Winnougham, N.

• Yeadon, Richard

COMPANY C, 11TH REGIMENT.

                       

Ledbetter, Thos. E.	Captain
Guerard, Jacob	First Lieutenant
Sineath, Tecfrick	Second Lieutenant
Stull, Thos. W.	Third Lieutenant
Smidd	Orderly Sergeant
Ledbetter, Daniel	Second Sergeant
Limehouse, Thos. R.	Third Sergeant
Weatherford, Watson	Fourth Sergeant
Jamison, H. A.	Commissary Sergeant
Smith, Broglin	First Corporal
Redmore, Chas	Second Corporal
Smith, Dewey	Third Corporal

Privates.

• Allen, Thos., Sr.

• Allen, Thos., Jr.

• Adams, Abner

• Altherson, James

• Barber, Frederick

• Barber, Benjamin

• Barber, Edward

• Barber, Joseph

• Barber, William

• Baxter, Delly

• Bunch, Henry

• Bunch, Wm. M.

• Bunch, Wm.

• Brothers, John

• Baxter, Daniel

• Bexley, John

• Burbage, James

• Brothers, James

• Connerley, Charles

• Donnelly, Benj.

• Driggers, Joel

• Driggers, Elisha

• Driggers, Robinson

• Davis, A.

• Dangerfield, Starling

• Davis, Jenkins

• Davis, Hamilton

• Driggers, Andrew

• Driggers, Daniel

• Driggers, Henry

• Driggers, Mack

• Donnelly, John

• Devenport, David

• Edminson, Charles

• Fryer, Edward

• Fryer, James

• Fryer, Robert

• Fryer, Wesley

• Fryer, William

• Grooms, James

• Grooms, Wesley

• Haggard, John

• Huff, Thomas

• Hyatt, Thomas

• Harrison, Benj.

• Howard, Abram

• Howard, James

• Howard, Wade

• Howard, Gabriel

• Mears, John

• Miers, Thomas

• Monroe, George

• Nettles, Richard

• Nettles, Rhett

• Powell, Thomas

• Parker, John

• Perry, William

• Paramore, Allen

• Peyler, John

• Stevenson, Benj.

---

464





• Stoutamier, David

• Stanby, James

• Tumblestow, Henry

• Turner, David

• Thomerson, J. G.

• Wiggins, Lewis

• Wannamaker, Abner

• Weatherford, Robert

• Weatherford, Lemuel

• Winter, Robert

• Winningham, Daniel

• Winningham, Edward

• Winn, Thomas

• Winn, Frank

• Way, Pink

COMPANY D, 11TH REGIMENT.

                                     

Harrison, Jno. J.	Captain
Gooding, John J.	Captain
Hucks, Henry K.	Captain
Gooding, McD	First Lieutenant
Gooding, Wm. J.	Second Lieutenant
Bowers, J. W.	Second Lieutenant
Thomas, Phillip	Second Lieutenant
Sauls, Osborne J.	Second Lieutenant
Jenkins, Thomas	Second Lieutenant
Mole, John A.	First Sergeant
Hodge, Lewis	First Sergeant
Corbin, Chas	Second Sergeant
Cook, Constantine	Third Sergeant
Cook, Washington	Fourth Sergeant
Owens, Jno. A.	Corporal
Thomas, James	Corporal
Rivers, Joseph T.	Corporal
Shipes, Wm. D.	Corporal
Mixon, Wm. T.	Corporal

Privates.

• Altman, Abram B.

• Altman, Owen

• Altman, Edward

• Bulger, Henry P.

• Brunson, Thos. D.

• Brunson, Phil. J.

• Barnes, Wm. B.

• Barnes, Sylvester

• Bennett, Jas. W.

• Crews, Wm. L.

• Crews, Jerry B.

• Crews, Chas. E.

• Crews, Isham

• Crews, Jno. E.

• Crews, John

• Cook, Kinsey

• Corbin, Edward

• Fennell, Wm. A.

• Fennell, Geo. M.

• Gooding, Eldred B.

• Gooding, Jas. W.

• Gooding, Richard

• Gray, Jacob W.

• Hall, Edward

• Hall, Alexander

• Hodges, Jas. P.

• Hull, Wm. H.

• Joyner, Frederick G.

• Kearse, Blake W.

• Kearse, John F.

• Lewis, Wm. H.

• Lewis, John

• Lucas, Shadrack

• Lightsey, Jno. F.

• Mason, David A.

• Mason, Wm. W.

• Matthews, Robert N.

• Owens, Thomas

• Page, Robert L.

• Rivers, Frank D.

• Rivers, Jacob M.

• Rivers, Robert H.

• Rivers, Geo. M.

• Roberts, Jno. B.

• Rentz, Charles

• Sinclair, Peter D.

• Stanley, Jno. J.

• Stanley, George E.

• Stanley, Alexander

• Stanley, Thomas

• Stanley, Benjamin

• Shipes, John

• Shipes, Jas. P.

• Strickling, Jno. C.

• Thomas, Vincent J.

• Terry, John M.

• Thames, Frank

• Tyson, Jno. A.

• Warren, Thos. R.

• Williams, Sam'l W.

COMPANY E, 11TH REGIMENT.

                         

Mickler, Jno. H.	Captain
Smith, Wilson	First Lieutenant
Tute, Thos. S.	Second Lieutenant
Hamilton, Thomas	Second Lieutenant
Smith, Jesse W.	First Sergeant
Fitts, Jno. A.	Second Sergeant
Mew, Alex. C.	Third Sergeant
Woods, David	Fourth Sergeant
Crosby, Alex. W.	Fifth Sergeant
Mew, Sam'l K.	First Corporal
Fitts, Chas. R.	Second Corporal
Smith, Jno. W.	Third Corporal
Morgan, A. Greene	Fourth Corporal

Privates.

• Airs, William

• Aul, Greene

• Allen, John

• Aughley, Jos. J.

• Bennett, William

• Bennett, R. D.

• Bennett, J. L.

• Brooker, John

• Brooker, Edward

• Brown, Edward

• Cook, Abram

• Cook, Jackson

• Crapes, Jonas

• Crapes, Jefferson

• Crapes, Henry T.

• Cone, J. Cooper

• Cooler, Frank

• Cooler, P.

• Daly, Patrick

• Daring, J. Tom

• Dean, Andrew

• Dean, Robert

• DeLoach, Frank

• Dobson, Charles

• Dobson, Jacob

• Dobson, Jno. S.

• Dobson, Wiley

• Dobson, W. Ferdinand

• Ferguson, Geo.

• Ferguson, Willis

• Fitts, Thomas H.

• Furse, William

• Freeman, Albert

• Fields, Richard

• Finley, R. Augustus

• Farris, Joe

• Farris, James

• Ghelston, Richard F.

• Ginn, Andrew C.

• Ginn, Wm. R.

• Geohagan, David B.

• Garvin, Hamilton

• Godley, Wm. B.

• Harley, Jos. N.

• Horton, R. Frank

• Horton, Geo. W.

• Horton, Henry E.

• Hull, Enoch

• Hull, Samuel

• Horton, Solomon

• Hammond, Wm. R.

• Hall, Ben

• Hall, Edward

• Hall, Alexander

• Jarrell, James L.

• Jarrell, Richard

• Jarrell, Robert

• Jeffords, Thos. J.

• Jones, James P.

• Law, Abner

• Law, Robert

• Lawton, Ben T.

• Langballe, Fred

• Mulligan, Wm. H.

• Mulligan, Bernard

• Mulligan, A. Gideon

• Mulligan, George

• McFail, John

• McLane, Henry

• Nix, Henry E.

• Nix, Joseph R.

• Nix, William

• Preacher, John

• Parnell, J. R.

• Reynolds, Robert

• Rouse, William

• Rivers, F. Tyler

• Rivers, Jno. D.

• Rushing, Albert

• Rushing, Hausford

• Ruth, John

• Shuman, W. Samuel

• Smith, Andrew H.

• Smith, Ben F.

• Smith, Charles

• Smith, W. Jasper

• Smith, Jas. W.

• Smith, Jas. G.

• Smith, Thomas H.

• Smith, Jno. L.

• Smith, G. Washington

• Steed, W.

• Wells, W. Barton

• Wiggins, Ben W.

• Winn, Barney B.

• Winn, Richard C.

• Winningham, Geo. W.

• Zehe, John

COMPANY F, 11TH REGIMENT.

                                           

Elliott, W. W.	Captain
Wyman, B. F.	Captain
Jenkins, Richard M.	First Lieutenant
Morrison, Jno. T.	First Lieutenant
Fuller, William	Second Lieutenant
Mixon, Jesse N.	Second Lieutenant
Wyman, Wm. H.	Third Lieutenant
Wyman, E. H.	Third Lieutenant
Jenkins, M.	Sergeant
Moore, G. W.	Sergeant
Smith, Bryce	Sergeant
Gooding, Thomas	Sergeant
Mixon, James	Sergeant
Mixon, W. B.	Sergeant
Miley, Martin	Sergeant
Terry, Wm. M.	Sergeant
Griner, Jesse	Sergeant
Cleland, D. B.	Corporal
Smith, Chas. C.	Corporal
Crosby, D. W.	Corporal
Blocker, A. W.	Corporal
Parnell, Frank	Corporal

Privates.

• Anderson, Robert

• Blocker, Thos.

• Brown, Charles

• Boldt, Richard

• Condon, Jerome F.

• Cook, Barney

• Cook, John

• Cook, Steven

• Cook, Berry

• Cook, F.

• Cook, Middleton

• Creech, H.

• Crews, Edward

• Crews, James

• Crosby, Emanuel

• Crosby, Steven

• Crosby, David

• Crosby, George

• Cuthbert, F.

• Cuthbert, W. H.

• Davis, C. F.

• Davis, James

• Davis, Charles

• DeLoach, James

• Edwards, F. P.

• Ervin, Samuel

• Fitzgerald, Ed.

• Fennell, Arthur

• Fennell, William

• Fitts, Edward

• Freeman, Benj.

• Gantt, Eldred

• Garvin, Hausford

• Garvin, Wilson

• Gooding, Perry

• Griner, Ralph

• Hall, Ben

• Hall, Alex.

• Hall, Ed.

• Hamilton, Charles

• Howard, Charles

• Heape, Audley

• Heape, Benjamin

• Heape, D. B.

• Horton, Benjamin

• Horton, Moses

• Horton, Job

• Hutson, C.

• Hutson, B.

• Hutson, W.

• Howard, A.

• Hay, E. G.

• Jenkins, Benj.

• Johnson, John J.

• Lightsey, Henry

• Lubkin, F.

• McFeer, Henry

• Mears, James

• Mills, Benjamin

• Mixon, Jno. A.

• Mulligan, F. J.

• Nix, J. D.

• Nix, Joseph

---

467





• Padgett, J. R.

• Peeples, Abram

• Peeples, John

• Phillips, John

• Rosier, R. A.

• Roberts, Wilson

• Rivers, John

• Smith, Samuel

• Smith, Benjamin

• Skillings, Edward

• Simmons, A. J.

• Trusals, William

• Thomas, James

• Tuten, A. J.

• Ulmer, Thomas

• Walls, S.

• Wyman, H. Hastings

• Wyman, Hay

• Youmans, J. R.

• Youmans, R.

• Youmans, Jerry

• Youmans, Washington

COMPANY G, 11TH REGIMENT.

                           

Maguire, John J.	Captain
McMillan, W. D.	Captain
Wolf, W. M.	First Lieutenant
Brownlee, Jno. H.	Second Lieutenant
Clayton, H. W.	Second Lieutenant
Brownlee, S. H.	Second Lieutenant
Riggs, J. S.	Sergeant
DeCosta, B. A.	Sergeant
Isaacs, Zachary	Sergeant
Smith, E. A.	Sergeant
Lynes, Jacob	Corporal
Lemacks, M.	Corporal
Stutts, Thomas	Corporal
Way, T. R.	Corporal

Privates.

• Ahrens, John

• Bedon, John

• Benton, S. J.

• Bowen, H. H.

• Bradley, Mike

• Brownlee, W. P.

• Brownlee, J. W.

• Brownlee, F. L.

• Brownlee, J. P.

• Brownlee, E. A.

• Brownlee, T. W.

• Cantwell, J. M.

• Canton, Richard

• Carr, Terrance

• Clayton, M. H.

• Colter, Wm.

• Cummings, Benj. W.

• DeWitt, William

• Grinaway, John

• Gosley, Henry

• Hastings, Mike

• Hiatt, J. H.

• Hutson, Robert

• Hutson, W.

• Isaacs, E. R.

• Larissy, O. B.

• Larissy, T. L.

• Leman, L. B.

• Lemacks, T. H.

• Lee, William

• Lord, Richard

• Lyons, Benjamin

• Malloy, Mike

• Martin, W.

• Martin, J. H.

• McMahon, Terrence

• Mims, Joseph

• Mims, David

• Mims, Pinckney

• Muckenfuss, G. L.

• Muckenfuss, Isaac

• Muckenfuss, G. P.

• O'Connor, Baltz

• Pendarvis, J. B.

• Pendarvis, W. P.

• Riggs, E. R.

• Salisbury, John

• Scott, John

• Smith, John

• Smith, Elijah

• Stokes, Thaddeus

• Stokes, E. A.

• Stokes, Henry

• Stutts, G. H.

• Stutts, Jno. R.

• Thornely, John

• Tuttle, D. M.

• Tuttle, D. T.

• Tuttle, O.

• Viawd, Peter

---

468





• Wade, R.

• Way, B. R.

• Way, M. D.

• Way, T. H.

• Way, Thomas

• Way, William

• Weathers, William

• White, J. H.

• Whitsel, John

• Willis, Alfred

• Dunn, John

• Smith, Samure

• Brown, W. P.

• Traxler, D. H.

COMPANY H, 11TH REGIMENT.

                                           

Weathers, Jacob	Captain
Cannady, D. S.	Captain
Raysor, Thos. E.	Captain
Howell, J. S. A.	First Lieutenant
Wilson, W. G.	First Lieutenant
Minus, J. P.	Second Lieutenant
Appleby, F. B.	Third Lieutenant
Millard, L. C.	Third Lieutenant
Howell, F. E.	Sergeant
Appleby, A. W.	Sergeant
Ackman, S. W.	Sergeant
Utsey, D. W.	Sergeant
Appleby, A. R.	Sergeant
Easterling, Emory	Sergeant
Shuler, P. W.	Sergeant
Murray, J. E.	Sergeant
West, John D.	Corporal
Weeks, Zack	Corporal
Shuler, Y. B.	Corporal
Bryant, M. C.	Corporal
Murray, W. B.	Corporal
Westbury, L. D.	Corporal

Privates.

• Ackerman, Rogers

• Appleby, P. S.

• Beaglin, Wm.

• Bradwell, O. P.

• Brothers, C. P.

• Bowman, D. R.

• Byrd, T. D.

• Bull, John

• Bunch, Wade

• Bunch, W. J.

• Cannady, H. C.

• Cannady, W. T.

• Cannady, J. P.

• Cannady, L. D.

• Cannady, J. A.

• Cannady, Chas.

• Creel, John

• Currie, S. M.

• Crook, W. T.

• Clark, M.

• Durr, Peter E.

• Durr, John

• Ferris, W.

• George, W. K.

• Godfrey, James

• Harley, T. W.

• Harley, T. D.

• Harbeson, A. T.

• Heaton, Phillip

• Heaton, C. T.

• Heaton, Peter

• Hussey, W. J.

• Hill, David

• Infinger, W. A.

• Infinger, G. N.

• Judy, J. A.

• Judy, J. W.

• Judy, Jacob

• Jackson, Durant

• Jackson, Porter

• Kizer, J.

• Lochlier, John

• Lochlier, W. N.

• Lowe, Zack

• Lowe, L. W.

---

469





• Lofton, Stephen

• Mallard, Isaac

• Mallard, John

• Mallard, C. H.

• Mallard, A. H.

• Murray, Henry

• Mizzles, G. W.

• Mizzles, T. R.

• McAlbaney, Wm.

• Metts, Adams

• Metts, Thomas

• Metts, John

• Metts, David

• Murray, W.

• Murray, A. D.

• Murray, F. M.

• Mims, J. T.

• Proctor, S. J.

• Proctor, L. W.

• Pendarvis, Enoch

• Pendarvis, J. D.

• Pendarvis, H. L.

• Pendarvis, J. O.

• Pendarvis, J. B.

• Patrick, George

• Patrick, W. S.

• Pierce, George

• Reeves, C. D.

• Richardson, T. D.

• Raysor, B. S.

• Sheider, J. W.

• Sheider, Mack

• Syphrett, J. W.

• Seigler, James

• Seigler, Urel

• Summer, Geo. T.

• Stokes, T. R.

• Stokes, T. M.

• Stokes, J.

• Thomas, H. L.

• Traxler, J. D.

• Utsey, D. D.

• Utsey, C. J. D.

• Utsey, J. C.

• Utsey, J. T.

• Wimberly, John

• Wimberly, J. S.

• Wimberly, George

• Westbury, David

• Westbury, T. H.

• Walters, W. J.

• West, T. D.

• West, J. D.

• Weeks, L. E.

• Weeks, T. M.

COMPANY I, 11TH REGIMENT.

                                   

Campbell, W. L.	Captain
Loyless, Edward B.	Lieutenant
Dandridge, Rich'd J.	Lieutenant
Campbell, Robert	Lieutenant
Reilly, Jno. C.	Lieutenant
Spell, Eldred	Sergeant
Langdale, Jas. S. H.	Sergeant
Smoke, Andrew J.	Sergeant
Sanders, Joseph	Sergeant
Beach, Henry T.	Sergeant
Linder, Thomas R.	Sergeant
Grant, Joseph	Sergeant
Pelham, Jas. E.	Corporal
Sanders, Griffin G.	Corporal
Breland, Chas. J.	Corporal
Tant, Spartan G.	Corporal
Williams, Jas. E.	Corporal
Schmidt, Martin	Corporal

Privates.

• Avant, Jno. W.

• Avant, Lewis B.

• Anderson, Chas.

• Adams, James

• Adams, Henry B.

• Buchanan, Jas. B.

• Bailey, Jas. B.

• Benton, Joshua

• Bazzle, John

• Bazzle, Steven

• Bazzle, William

• Beach, Joseph

• Beach, L. B.

• Beach, Lones

• Beach, Richard B.

• Beach, Clem

• Bishop, Henry

• Campbell, Daniel P.

---

470





• Craven, John

• Craven, Alex. J.

• Craven, Thomas

• Craven, James E.

• Craven, Martin

• Craven, George

• Carter, Joseph

• Carter, Henry A.

• Carter, Richard

• Carter, Reuben

• Carter, Isham

• Crosby, Steven

• Crosby, Jno. D.

• Crosby, Henry

• Crosby, John

• Crosby, Gooding

• Crosby, Abram

• Compton, Thadeus

• Davis, Charles C.

• Dawdy, James C.

• Dewitt, James A.

• Felder, David A.

• Gassett, James A.

• Griffin, James S.

• Hiott, Lawrence P.

• Hiott, Daniel

• Hiott, Nathaniel

• Hiott, Thomas

• Hiott, Peter

• Hiott, Wilson

• Hiott, Lucius

• Hiott, Jno. M.

• Hiott, John

• Hiott, Joseph

• Hiott, Benj.

• Hiott, Samuel

• Hiott, Malachi M.

• Hiott, Edward

• Hutson, Joseph H.

• Harris, William

• Hughes, Nathan

• Herndon, Henry G.

• Herndon, Clem

• Higgins, William

• Higgins, T. H.

• Higgins, Morbis D.

• Hickman, W. Rhett

• Johnson, Julius

• Kinard, Isaac

• Lemacks, Silas

• Larisey, Richard

• Lane, Edward

• Lane, Albert

• McMillan, Jas. N.

• Murray, Andrew

• Miller, Henry

• Martin, William

• Martin, Stephen

• Martin, Solomon

• Martin, Hausford A.

• Martin, Henry

• Mitchum, Jesse

• Morris, Thomas

• Noble, James

• Noble, William

• O'Brien, Wm.

• Sanders, James

• Sanders, Lawrence

• Sanders, William

• Smith, Charles

• Smith, John

• Spell, William

• Simmons, Jno. M.

• Simmons, William

• Smoke, Henry

• Sauls, John

• Sauls, James

• Sauls, Charles

• Sauls, George

• Sauls, Peter

• Strickland, Henry H.

• Sullivan, Daniel

• Sullivan, George

• Sullivan, Wm.

• Sullivan, Huggins

• Tant, Olin

• Valentine, Henry

• Valentine, Joseph

• Walker, Richard D.

• Willis, John

• Way, George

• Wiggins, William

• Wiggins, Simeon

• Witsell, Emanuel

• Warner, Henry

• Warren, Daniel

• Warren, Perry

• Warren, Joseph

• Warren, Malachi

• Wasson, George

• Warren, Richard

• Yewley, James

• Osborne, Geo. E.

• Pelham, Oswald G.

• Parker, James

• Robertson, Jno. C.

• Robertson, Lewis

• Ritter, Richard

COMPANY K, 11TH REGIMENT.

                             

Hay, Richard G.	Captain
Boatwright, John	Captain
Gantt, Frederick H.	First Lieutenant
Murdaugh, J. H.	First Lieutenant
Murdaugh, L. B.	First Lieutenant
Johns, William	First Lieutenant
Cassidy, Frank	First Lieutenant
Stephens, J. W.	Brevet Second Lieutenant
Gantt, Eldred L.	Sergeant
Cummings, John	Sergeant
Gantt, Richard P.	Sergeant
Hickman, G. B.	First Corporal
Jones, Joseph R.	Second Corporal
Godley, Wm. S.	Third Corporal
Cummings, Frank W.	Fourth Corporal

Privates.

• Adams, L. B.

• Boatright, Thos. W.

• Branch, J. E.

• Buchannan, J. S.

• Benton, James

• Brant, R. H.

• Branch, Giles

• Buchannan, J. D.

• Bishop, William

• Benton, Babe

• Beverly, Jack

• Broxton, John

• Carter, W. O.

• Carter, William

• Carter, J. R.

• Carter, W. J.

• Carter, Isham

• Connerly, D. C.

• Corbett, James

• Cummings, Wm.

• Crosby, Daniel

• Copeland, W. A.

• Copeland, J. R.

• Copeland, Elzy

• Dopson, J. W.

• Dopson, Nathaniel E. H.

• Fender, Ransom

• Fender, G. C.

• Fields, J. D.

• Folk, J. C.

• Folk, Adam L.

• Folk, J. J.

• Folk, Perry

• Folk, W. C.

• Fralix, A. E.

• Fralix, D. S.

• Fralix, T. J.

• Fralix, R. M.

• Fralix, Gabriel

• Godley, J. B.

• Griffin, William

• Green, H. B.

• George, Aleck

• Heape, John J.

• Hickman, J. Medicus

• Hickman, W. Albert

• Hiers, Jasper T.

• Hiers, W. J.

• Hiers, Jacob

• Hiers, A. J.

• Hiers, G. McDuffie

• Hiers, John

• Johns, A. P.

• Johns, John

• Johns, George

• Jones, L. B.

• Jones, Zack

• Jones, Joseph, Jr.

• Jones, Newton

• Lane, A. J.

• Mears, H. W.

• Mears, J. F.

• Mears, John S.

• Mears, James

• Mills, Benjamin A.

• Mills, John

• McMillan, Rich'd F.

• McMillan, J. H.

• Morris, Thomas

• Mills, James

• Murdaugh, Josiah, Jr.

• Nettles, William

• Nettles, W. D.

• Nettles, Cuthbert

• O'Quin, W. R.

• O'Quin, J. H.

• Owens, Charles J.

• Owens, O. B.

• O'Quin, Edward

• Padgett, Daniel, Sr.

• Padgett, Daniel

• Padgett, James

• Padgett, Stephen

• Padgett, Henry W.

• Padgett, Joel

• Padgett, L. B.

• Padgett, Josiah

• Padgett, Jacob

• Padgett, Frank

• Padgett, Martin

• Padgett, Abram

• Pelham, J. B.

• Peters, J. Albert

• Polk, Thomas

• Polk, Wilson O.

• Polk, Isaac

• Polk, Frank M.

• Polk, Jacob T.

• Polk, Madison

• Pelham, George

• Richardson, Jacob

• Richardson, James

• Rizer, Thomas P.

• Rizer, John

• Rentz, George W.

• Rentz, Aaron

• Rentz, Jacob, Sr.

• Rentz, Jacob, Jr.

• Rhodes, Thomas H.

• Sauls, Benjamin

• Shaw, Jno. M., Sr.

• Shaw, Jno. M., Jr.

• Smith, Martin H.

• Smoke, A. E.

• Smoke, Joshua

• Stephens, R. R.

• Stone, Matthew R.

---

472





• Stone, Allen B.

• Smith, Dick

• Thomas, James E.

• Thomas, Martin

• Thomas, Ransom

• Thompson, Washington

• Trowell, Jonathan

• Varn, Gabriel

• Varn, Aaron

• Walling, John D.

• Warren, B. A.

• Walker, John E.

• Walker, Albert M.

• Walker, L. B.

• Walker, Henry

• Walker, A. E.

• White, Duncan

• Wiggins, John

BROOKS' BATTALION OF REGULARS.

                   

Brooks, J. Hampden	Lieutenant-Colonel
Goodwyn, Chas. T.	Assistant Adjutant, Lieutenant
Martin, Vincent F.	Captain
Brooks, U. R.	First Lieutenant
Teuten	Second Lieutenant
Minott, Jno. C.	Captain Co. C
Simkins, Eldred	Acting Captain
Wardlaw, David Lewis	Captain Co. D
Pinckney, B. G.	Captain Co. E
Goodwyn, Chas. T.	Lieutenant, Acting Adjutant

ORIGIN OF BROOKS' BATTALION.

In 1864, when the Northern armies had the world from which to recruit
their ranks, and even our slaves had been armed against us,—while the
Southern armies were being rapidly depleted, and, perhaps, four-sixths of
those who were fighting had been wounded—the authorities in Richmond
conceived the idea of enlisting in our ranks foreigners among the Federal
prisoners, hoping that, like the redoubtable Dougal Dalgetty, they would
care very little on which side they fought. To command such an organization
no ordinary officer was needed. Courage was a sine qua non, and he
should have military knowledge. experience and judgment. Covered with
wounds and with honor, Capt. J. Hampden Brooks, who, in his own person,
had illustrated the courage of the Brookses and Butlers on many a bloody
battlefield, was selected to command them. A serious mistake was made in
allowing a large number of Northern men to enlist, many pretending to be
Englishmen. Among those selected were Irishmen, Germans, Spaniards
and one Italian who could scarcely speak English.—Extract from history of
Brooks' Battalion by Vincent F. Martin.

These men soon decided to kill all the officers and return to the Northern
army, but were betrayed by one of their own men whose name was Sinner;
he was an orderly sergeant and a vile sinner, too, in their estimation.
The other orderly sergeants were courtmartialed and shot—the men sent
to Florence, S. C., and locked up in prison, and the officers were soon with
their respective commands again.

CHARGE OF HAGOOD'S BRIGADE[51]

(By Joseph Blyth Allston.)

MONUMENT TO HAGOOD'S BRIGADE NEAR PETERSBURG, VA., SHOWING FRONT
VIEW—ERECTED BY WM. V. IZLAR.

MONUMENT TO HAGOOD'S BRIGADE

Here
A Brigade
Composed of the
7th Battalion
The 11th, 21st, 25th and 27th
Regiments,
South Carolina Volunteers
Commanded by
Brig. Gen. Johnson Hagood
Charged
Warren's Federal Army
Corps
On the 21st Day of August,
1864
Taking Into the Fight 740
Men
Returning With 273

No Prouder Fate Than Theirs,
Who Gave Their Lives
To Liberty.

On the opposite or west side of the die is a 15-inch bronze
shield of the State of South Carolina.

On the four sides of the base of the monument are inscriptions;
that on the east or side fronting Halifax road being as follows:

HAGOOD'S BRIGADE.

On the north side are the letters,

C. S. A.

On the south side are the letters,

A. N. V.

On the rear or west side of the base is the following inscription
telling the history of the monument:

Placed Here by Wm. V. Izlar,
A Survivor of the Charge
Aided by Other
South Carolinians.

MONUMENT TO HAGOOD'S BRIGADE NEAR PETERSBURG, VA., SHOWING REAR VIEW—ERECTED BY WM. V. IZLAR.